U.S. FACT SHEET EXCHANGE OF CONSULATES - KIEV AND NEW YORK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88G01117R001104490010-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 3, 2011
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: November 23, 1986
• Content Type: MISC

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Tea WHITS nova=
Office of the Press Secretary
(Geneva, lwitserland)
ro* HILEUH AT 10:00 AM Local $ovsebs= 21, It"
4s00 AM BIT
U.S. FACT s*u
!!CHANGE OF COHSULAT S - KIEV AMD MEN YOLK
The United States and the Soviet Union have agreed to open
consulates in Kiev and New York, on the basis of full reciprocity
in staffing and administrative arrangements. In the Soviet view,
this exchange of consulates is contingent on the successful
outcome of negotiations on the resumption of civil air Se rvi.ce
between the two countries. Both sides will conduct serer
discussions on the specific conditions under which the consulates
will be occupied and opened for business.
At the 1974-meeting between Prwsident Nixon and General Secretary
sreshnev, It was agreed to an exchange of Coniulatts LA Kiev and
New--York. _Arrangements had proceeded and both couhtr#.s had
advance teams in place looking toward formal opening in 1979 wh.i
the Soviets invaded Afghanistan. The advance parties wore than
withdrawn.
In the summer of 1953, we agreed in principle to again wove to
open in Kiev and now York. Forward progress was stalled by the
Soviets, who tied the opening of the consulates with negotiations
to resume Aeroflot service. we did not accept their linkage of
these issues, and continued to pursue each issue on its own
merits.
This.agreement on opening consulates is in pursuit of the
President's desire to expand contacts and enhance understanding
between our two peoples. It is a useful and practical step for
both the United States and the Soviet Union. A consulate in Kiev
will give us an official American presence in an important Saviat
agricultural, cultural and commercial center, which is visited
annually by thousands of American tourists.
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33WDAM of C sUlatas - lien WA K YQS i
pi Wben will our Consulates be open?
A. We will be discussing specifies with the Su.tata t
the eoinq Months.
Wiev? What will our facilities be like there?
We hope to mow the issues forward as qni )y as
possible. Both sides have a+nabh to gain in Qoa9e9stieq
in the timely and fair resolution of these
?dministrotive details.
In keeping with our policy of strict reciprocity..=
consulates will open for business sisultaxeowly.
Qs !lava we settled on a final Consulate office buil" 'I'm
As
--
A US inspection twit visited Xiev the week of wavemb x
11 to consider potential prop rti" for. oar %
atss.
--
to disesss adsiaistsatt
e continuin
W
g
e ar
arrangements with the Soviets to this isame
0:
Why did you choose to open the new ate in IkL
w
At
--
The US now has posts in Moscow and Leriagrat.
Wiev is the third most important city in'the VD1)
tars. of cultural and ecaftaa#a aacopUfabi- I te. S
in
t is
~'~1~~"h!"'Ft`s
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a major manufacturing and scientific osater.
It is visited by thousands of Ssiexiesn tourlats each
year, it eluding .any members of the tdtsai:t3sar sa=loess
aos.anity.
Qi What will the consulate in Kiev do?
At ?? Once it has officially opened, the consulate in Xiev
will provide the full range of consular services to
americans and Soviets within its consular district.
This includes representing the interests of As*riaais
visiting the Ukraine and issuing visas to Boris"
traveling to the U$ from the Ukraine.
In addition, the officers of the consulate will
maintain contacts with government authorities in the
Ukraine tthe second most populous $ovi.t r.pa Lc, with
over fifty million inhabitants), keep the W t
informed of developments there, and *span trade and
cultural contacts with the region.
Qv Why are we reopening consulates new w h e n we pullet a t.id
Kiev following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistaa7 Does our
agre.ent to exchange consulates With the Soviets asap ass
longer object to their presence in Af#hanistar?
Our agre"ent on consulates does not signal a change
in our policy toward the Soviet occupation of
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Afghanistan. we have repesta6ly Meade clear to t'ee
Soviets our feelings on this svbject add we continue
to dasonstrate our sympathy aM support lar %bs k-s<
people.
our agreesent. on consulates is fully in keepu* *kVA
the president's desire to expand contacts betssa our
two peoples.
An official 08 presence it Xiev is an ideal
opportunity to foster understanding between V"hs Vn'1ts&
States and the citizens of an important cn.L* a1,.
commercial and agricultural area of the Soviet ftkav.
Qs Why are we letting the Soviets bring sior. diplmsts to tbe:_
Cr.itsd States? Won't they all be spies?
A2 -- our agre~nt to open consulates is gover by strict
reciprocity.
?- We will insist on strict equality in the stss eA Vas MS
and Soviet consulate staffs.
We are fully coamiitted to a policy of substantive
equality with the Soviets. We are increasing . mnvtwr
of Americans employed - at Embassy )scow an we olp"
the overall Soviet presence in the US to ateostee.
Consulate staffing is only one part of that,faaue.
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What will be the size of the consulate?
--I do not have specifies on tbo ?tafflrq at tkls tier,
as Oo w intend to have $ovitta woskinq for as In ZZZsvp
will we have any soviet staff asssbssss7
At -- I doubt it. Rowsver, we do act hav* spsatllas or y'os
or. this at this tiass.
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IGeneva, swar.sur?ana/
FOR 1t 9LMt AT 1000 AN Local do sr 21, 1113
4*00 AM UST
MAGUUTIC M IM R*$ .W I
Fusion is the energy source of the sua. Magnetic tisto* (slee
known as controlled thermonuclear fusion) is the prooesa of
combining together hydrogen nuclei to ptoduce belt%=, vlth the
release of energy. This requires rais q the hydrogsm to as M=7
high temperature (millions of degrees) end oon3 nt t* lxaat
with strong magnetic fields. The essential features at tts
process have been demonstrated circa 1012 in sworal dwkr ka
various laboratories.
since the 1950s, scientists of several nations have n papsb
in magnetic fusion energy research. Steady progress iss bs
made toward understanding the underlying problems of magauatic
fusion.
Magnetic fusion energy offers the potawtial low sm .v ibL *
supply of energy in the mid-to-late twenty-first csa:ary. het
there are many unanswered questions that need to be salmi and
economic problems which must be overcome before pxuttcal axst
cosm?rcial use of fusion-is realized.
The United-States, the Soviet Union, Western Europ$, sad apes
all have fusion energy research programs, and there 1s a
substantial amount of cooperation between them. !Or e** Ls,
U.S. and Soviet scientists regularly visit each other's
laboratories, and both sides have beastittsd from *mm
exchanges.
President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev today a01-aca~tsd
the widest practical development of international gooparatioa in
obtaining this source of energy which is ssssnti&
inexhaustible for the benefit of all mankind.
The United states and the Soviet union are consulting with other
countries with resources and expertise to contribute.ta %Us
research effort.
Pegarding the transfer of technology, the basic k cied5 of
fusion devices is well understood by scientists of many rations,
and advanced devices have been desig d and operated `ay savem,&l
nations, including the Soviet Union. U.S. and allied
participation in this project will# as always, be governed by
strict adherence to existing COC41K gnid61tass to pc's ' mct the
transfer of sensitive technology with mUtary patoaaisi.
9 0 0
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Or Ac.n't we giving away ?onalti-o t+ct~noi sus
intocnntionai COOPocation eoapeo"so hard-voi C=,N t t'~ttcontro
technology tranatec7 tt oA
At TER SOVIET UNION IS a NOW& LiADxR IN lvsza
ru$IoN uACroa SIMILAR To TIE U.S. SOIaMAR ,Ua zss
(TPTR) AT PI X MCETON ? MW J flfly TO ?N Tsar >ts~c
tAMAR It An ACRD jI 3' Age
FROM YOUR RUSSIAN NORDS, TWOID (NMiNQ CYLIImn on Domm"
WR IC$ REPRISRET$ Tea CO$YIGURATZOX Or ?Ifs JILUT ?
~CRIItE) Of ~
? xA (MEANING C/AMSl ).. S=T (MSAMIJ C a*cas!)?
AND [ATIU ftA (MEA$INp COIL). TITS , -ss ro UMZ%D Df T
jFA= raj
80V?ET8 DYLppaa TEE ORIGINAL COcaPTroRrgsT~An
SUBSEQUENTLY IT WAS TAKEN UP ST TOR oTUU MANOR PLAYls, I
Fusion.
COC UATIVI FUSION RESgARCR WIT N THE sOVIgTS WOM D So?
RESULT INTER TRANSFER 0? COMM COOL JD TECElf 1 To t!!s
SOVIET UNION. U.S. AND ALLIED PARTICIPAMIOX If TTt DR
WOULD as
COUMD By STRICT ADNM*CE to COCOJ an $0
!XCIPTIONS. TIE ONO EZCIPTIONse POLICY ZS IEPOR'?ART, TO i
:IlB CREDIBILITY Ot OOR ~~~
CURRENT COMM71 R Rurn ice,: In
ALLIES of EXPORT corrao".
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0: It other Western Countries don't jola, will tb. Q,:, aAf
USSR Proceed on a bilateral basisl
A: TES UNITED STATES BELIEVES TEA! US OPPORTU/$rn TQ JOZi
TOGETNER TO DEVELOP MAGNETIC FUSIOII FOR PXACEIOL P'Qi 3i1LL
WILL It ATTRACTIVE, AND TEAT OTHER CpU ZU Mr" an T!S
PARTICIPATE.
Q: Why are you reducing the fusion budget in tts L,S. at
the Base time agri?ing to this proj.o ;
A: THE ADMINISTRATION`S REDUCTION IN TIE U.S. PUEZOI RuSsucR
BUDGETS REFLECTS OUR L lG- RR VIEW TEAT ThERE ARM MAMY
FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS TEA? NsED TO Ss $OLVZD.
CONSEQUENTLY, OUR FIRST PRIORITY SAS BEEN TO ST*gJQ IE
BASIC RESEARCH BASE AID INCREASE AVAILA3 RESOm CR;=`!`j3 Axam
THE CONCEPTUAL PROILIfs. A NULTZLATW . Pn&TM 9 11
WILL PERMIT Ui TO POOL RES0OW 5,
1. 1 I'I(1 ! 1V ? M
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Q: what is the status of the Vasa e4fa*tIc f Eton rem"reb
Pro9cam colativ* to the United Statoul
A: THE USSR RAS MAINTAZMED A POSITION OP Rocca 1C1112'Z?ZC
PARITY WITH RESPECT TO TIN O.S. IN BASIC FUSION RESCA11CN. TDZY
ARE CDUfMTLY OPERATING POOR MAJOR TOXAJIANj DZVZCES, Z WE
vp
WIICS is DESIGNED TO EXPLORE AN ASPECT of THE rus:ON nwjrid
TIIEY APPARENTLY ARE P[ INNING A r!FT11 SOC111 DEVICE. fsn AL$
HAVE EXPERIMENTAL FUSION DEVICES iAapa am Drrrgggn VMZCM
PRINCIPLES FROM THE TOKAMAK. 90 TAE SOVIETS RAVE A Mr ana"
FUSION RESEARCNi PROGRAM COMPAMLS ZIf SCOP31 TO OW Cam
at Will this cvaaaccb have relevance for tart
--- vw+s~:TiV~i w
COMPLaTtLY- DZyrnM.
r, "11111'' '"'' . ` 4!'
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0: What specific projects will this cooperative venture
undertake?
A: ZT WILL TAKE SONS TIME TO EVALUAT= RESEARCH IN *&,CC tat
ORDER TO MARE A JUDGMENT Oh TUE OPTIMUM NEXT STEP TOVA&P TI
PRACTICAL REALIZATION OF FUSION E$SACY. IT WILL ALSO ?A12 TIfls
TO CONSULT ABOUT PARTICIPATION O! OTHER 40CKTRZ[S, ACID TO IOEE
OUT AS EQUITABLE SNAAI50 Of COSTS. TRZ INTEREST Of TU !!i0
LEADUI WILL INSURE TEAT TH?S EVAEgAtrOK IS A WORM KrMr.
pattxaipshto
0: What other countries qualify for
A. WE CERTAINLY WANT PARTICIPATION ?RON THE OTSRR TECSKICAL.LY
--
ADVANCED COUNTRIES WITH SUBSTANTSAL FUSZON 31392 WC fmagUft
THE EC COUNTRIES AND JAPAN. OTHER COUNTRIES WITS *UOIINiCU MD
ZXPERTISE TO CONTRIIUTI MY ALSO PARTICIPATE: -
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0s it you restrict sensitive taobnologias, don't you betying
one hand behind your back in what is already a Ivory VC061 tic
technological engineering teat?
A: OUR FUSION ENERGY RSSEARCN PROGM3 To DATA UN PROMtp
STEADILY USING UNCASSIPIED TICEKOUny. U.S. MD f0IlT
SCIENTISTS ROUTINELY VISIT EACII OTl5I'S LASO too V ,
ANY MULTINATIONAL PROJECT WOULs SS CARRIaa OUT M.,,Wxx
tXISTIXG COCOM GUIDELINES TO PREYM TIAlJSpf OP 2212
TECNNOLOOY WITS MILITARY POTENTIAL.
Qs was this a O.S. or a Soviet initiative?
At SOME= ?OREIGx NIsISTER _SIIEYARD1tAD0 IAZSS rArs ISSON wrfil
UEC7IETARY SAULT$ IN OCTOSSR. wz HAVZ SOISSQOStrLV ftU;fJ ?
IDEA AND CONCLUDED IT BAd MERIT, 1MD UAVt KADC SONS Sih 1Df% j
Ot OUR OWN ON NOW TO PROCSED. THR PROPOSED ACTZVZ IS A
NATURAL PROGRESSION OF TXR EXISTING AGAJ*wvTa 1S
AND USSR AS MILL AS OTSIR INTERNA'rlO,NA,L AgRt2IIM Qj VIWDN<
RRIZARCE AND DIVSLOPIIIMT,
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Qs Won't this project divert funds itojk the
SDI i4Itiative?
AtilttOR'a'
As THE U. s. SHARE o! SUCH A ARO rsCT WOULD REMUS A AM
SMALLER COMMITMENT OF FONDS THAN IND IDZ. so THR ; Is LI1's'Ls
POTENTIAL FOR DIVEISION. IN ADDITION, T811 OWT$O?IYlg of zuna
RESEARCH AND THE SDI ARE CONPL!TNLY DrFr x
? ANII SAM
DESERVES SUPPORT ON ITS OWN MERITS.
0: It is reported that the DOD is agalu+t this gee stl.
Why? Has this been resolved aatfataatotllyt
A: ALL OF US MILIEVE THAT TRIR= Jill NAVY QUEITlIaM SCR ynf
EXPLORATION PRIOR TO A FINAL DICIIIO*, IMCLODIII`i rAMICSD"300
Or OTHER COUNTRIES, COST SHADING AND PRELIMINARY $C;9NT3f C -
RESEARCH AS TO THE FEASIBILITY OF A JOINT PROJECT. ALL Sao
AGENCIES NAVE AGREED THAT TRUE MUSS RUQQIR= liTI
INVESTIGATION.
0: Do YOU expect Eastern European caust:iaa and ChtrA to takf
part, and it so, what can they contribute?
As WE WOULD WELcoNt THEIR PARTIczV&jZOR, I$CLODZIM jja&ZM of
COSTS.
41 Mi"
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Of What has boon achieved by the Fusion !zchanq& Agw*ftmt
signed in 19737
A: THE O.N. BAS COOPtpATEO MITR TON PUS SINCE IM UNDER THE
AGRLEMENT FOR COOPERATION ZN THE FIXLD Op PIACZ3?JL an CD
ATOMIC ENERGY. THE AGREEMENT, WSZCR WAS R ID III 1713, CALLS
FOR SCIENTIFIC !XCRANGE AND COOPERATION On xxci*SUD 1SWSC9'D or
INTERESTS. CURRENTLY THERE ARE TWELVZ EXCHAHG8S Ql T3A
SCIENTISTS, SIX TO THE USSR FROM THE-U.8: AID 91X vrcg KSMA.
THE O.S. HAS SEHEFITTED SIGNIFICANTLY YAM TIM SRZAD?S 0?
THE SOVIET PROGRAM, AND IN PARTICVLAB 120X ITS WMArD Lj
THEORETICAL CAPABILITIES. FOR EXAM9jZ, THE V.?. IOV PR=AK
KAS SEE:, ABLE TO MONITOR DEVELOPMENTS IN ?ZXLDS W$ICI """S
LITTLZ OR U-0-SUPPORT ZN THE U.S. PROGRAM. 1101T IMM Ly,
TUC SOVIETS HAVE TWICE SIGNIFICANTLY 1N?tptICtD TfR M Z?jV*
Of THE U.S. FUSION PROGRAM: (1) SOVIET EXPU1J[ZMr.U NTH; or
TOXOMAK6 COMPLETELY CQANGED TIE RATUAN 0t TYl U.S, ?J f AiD
(2) A SOVIET DEMONSTRATION EVINTQALLY LSD TQ Tta TAM usia
PROGRAM AT LAWRENCE L!VfRMOR= NATZ'QSAL LU A'!'OST.
It
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TUVKT!NO=
offto* of t m Pm.s $sQrrtasy
IOsaaw, a vttsorlaadl
4t Of b11 an Mir all, i!d! :
A. rase W
s
??a' asd opportunlttas. for sits
Pbples to get to kam one
Qewroined to ?t iAd as yet Aother
=80 issctlir. ` t1e PseeidsnL also
and soviet otis ns can Wexed avenues whom ~=t~
mankind. ? fitfully, for the hxelit 4!
so his $Ovvsber 14 "dress to t k* brans., on the oft Of his
departure for his Geneva Mwtinp with Ooasral
Corbachw, President Reagan ca ed for a arise Of Initiatives to bring tba people of the United o a jMW
Soviet Union into dect 0c*t, .
In that speech, the president said, sftdar!
openness, honest oas^~unic
!
i
Zn this respect the two leaders
broadening exchanges and contacts in a oq the a t
educational, medical &a sports tt.Ld..s~.~bsr of 'af~tla.
Agakmwad
The O.S. and USSR have
e had oas2 oolturai and a3nal
exchags for sore than 25 General .ache fin' we have
f net oaml mU~dsd a now
s ree ent for acadeaio, aultara2, and
perforsin artist exchanges. This Nroment
reciprocal exhibits of theater, _aft, dsai a ProWL&W for_
oho
trawl throe hout the other coon ' s sad teabaol" to
qualified guides. arooaptRled by language
Traditiooai exchanges such as these are valuabLe
needed. The Prss nt hops. that w can lsofen boa imrs, to
trwat
between us, reduce the loyal. of
open world. Rif lxchaage. initiatiwi~ar. said br1W Awwae mom
new rxvgr~ es
increase day-today eantaate botw..e O peep,
met 022 th i t s?
11*
to eoopssatesinclude=ive. an wsioh the O.I. and h1 ~n Msrsd
The annual exchange of prof...tt to car
courses in historsyy, t
cnLtuw, and swami= stwe"J
ot and
Aesrican inatitut1 n,, of h3glier educatiags
The creation of a U.S. -5tiet scholarshi
the beat students from tacb tit in t
saiencee, social soiene" III 4
oq!-
for the Period of an aCaaenl twit and
ream
Measures to presets Rassiss
i*h
United states and fpgiis6 studios Useme" MW
~9oals atodt,ss 3s ~ SIrIfR.
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?? A Joint program of cancer ressarcht
-- A program for cooperation in the develop?Sat of
sicrocumputer educational software for sieswodos
secondary school instruction=
Expansion of contacts in sports, including regular wets
in various sports and increased television coverage of
sports.
The objective of these initiatives is to Mild bridges between
the peoples of the two countries. These proposals mid upeM
contacts, increase cooperation on one of today? to toughest swdicsl>
problems, and encourage people of both countries. and watt and
study together.
ror our rt, once the two governments have opened, the agars to
this kindof exchange, the Administration viii look to tba peopis
to take the lead. The president, therefore, intends to appoint a
high-ranking Administration official to work closely with the
private sector to ensure that these exchanges Initiatives ass
realized. The resulting programs will be reviewed by the Uadw is
at their next meeting.
f f f
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nth pre ant's txe~tas ipitis` tts
of o
_1 and-
Whit are the benefits from thee. *SCUM" inittattvas?
As ?- Societies everywhere have a stake it 19eepin4 Cktact$
and coassnication ?s broad, deep. and free as
possible. By encouraging exchan4+s of Macl 'f a
Soviet citizens in the arts, education, scieuce,
sports, and other fields we hope to expose
ircressingly large and influential aega.nts at moist
society to our valves, intentions, and goals.
Additionally# we hope to learn acre about So.riet
practices and goals in various fields as wall as build
relationships with Soviet acadeetc, scisnttfta' aah
intellectual larders. There are also very test
benef its that come when eschapgss of tnforat'
access to the other country's inatitatioaa-spa
unwarranted suspicions and build caRfidea t our
ability to discuss and resolve sutu al problem.
Qs Don't we already have exchanges agreements? Why initiatives ~ti the
president offering new exchanges
The president's initiative on exchanges is int.ndad to
J-e
build on those already in place. go have, bs4 tort
cultural and educational exchanges with the kaviet
Union for more than twenty-ftvo years. These tim-WI&ILS
have been valuable in keeping lines of caasmaaakea4~+
open between Various sagesnts of o" soot o.
iAHM-
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However it is important to rs-eogni:e that th.. gsit
that separates our two societies is too wide to us to
rely solely or traditional pwgrams. It is
to bring larger numbers of ftmsrican aM Soviet
citizens together in a healthy, balanced give-=6-ts3ts
on idear, values, and shared expatimces-This can help
break down barriers which separate us, open up Soviet
society to new ideas, and prepare future 9s"ratims to
be better able to solve the-difficult problmea aikie'k
divide our two countries.
Q, what about reciprocity? Don't tha Soviets usually ccsrr oft
the winners in such exchanges?
AB -- - Exchangsa -are exactly what the word -iarplits_-- give -
and take, Both countries have a wealth of cnltuxSl,
artistic, academic, sports and snt.rtai at resources
which should be shared. There should be no suggsstioit
of one side getting worm out of such exchanges t!MM
the other. Both sides benefit. she purpose of tbase
exchanges is to learn from Soviet artists and
scientists, to discover our etmilarities, to
understand our differences, and thereby be bedew
prepared to solve common problems.
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The exchanges will be fully reciprocal. so" as"*
must receive equivalent benefits and carry oat eoua2
responsibilities under any excdtas t agscmncmf, W
will not enter into an agreement unless we- bollw s it
benefits the United States.
Q. Won't the KGB exploit expanded exchanges to place scars of
its agents in the U.S.?
A. -- Under current practice, the U.S. Government Care 2y-
reviews each proposed exchanges and program. if it is
determined that an individual alien's press is 00
Ur.ited States would be contrary to Q,t. nettsm3
security, a visa would not be issued in that sass.
interests in exchange programs with the Soviet Union,
We believe that these messurss are consonant:wwtb oar
desire to learn from Soviet e'uchangsss an& to expose,
them to American education, smler amen c.t ieWk*w: at
Theme are only two of the many steps that are,
presently taken to ensure U.S. national security
large.
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Qs Why take the risk
*PA eliminate all risks Ofiozpiaaags?t
keep them all out
All countries have a stake in ksepinq contacts.
connnication, and creativity as broad, d MT. a lass
as possible. The Iloviet practice of sealing t etr
pocPie off and filtering end aoatsoltin+S contacts srid
the flow of information is a primary Prod *t& 106
the president to call for more exehaagas b$tV Ow
countries.
soviet citizens to our way of life.
United States citizens rtp'lttfully baliavw that their
society is among the most free, most now, am&
the most conducive to creativity and fxao .greeai .
There is much to gain Cc= exposi24 harem lm"'" %f.
At the same time we will continue to protect oar
national security by carefully sozesni e&ft
applicant for a visa aDA ts3cing all appropotiats steps
to ensure that known sspit~*ga sjatta are amt
putted to enter the Vatted :tabs.
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Os Just what steps does the government take to identity aM
keep out spies? Mat happens when one is discovet`a tai as
exchange program already in the U.S.?
As
Every individual from the Soviet Union who applies for
a visa to enter the United States is iMivtdaally
screened to determine if he or she is a bons tide
visitor. If not, the visa would be dam1s6 w Ass a&
appropriate s.ction of the Ii igrstioa and Wationality
Act. This screening is an interagency effort which
begins at the Embassy where- the person a 1Sss ire t
visa, and continues among all concerned U$ ageacles
in Washington.
?? If any alien temporarily in the United Std la
discovered to be out of status -- that is pozu q
activities other than those for which he or sbm
applied for the visa -- that individual would be
subject to proceedings initiated by 2WI. It Moss
activities were illegal, the Justice Depas#mwst ro+sld
make an investigation to determine it ehas"ss s os.4
be filed.
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Qs Doesn't this increase the danger that soviets will. steel of
otherwise obtain our technology?
As -- There are a number of laws and mechanisms to seduce
the risk of undesirable technology transfer Ui oar
exchanges programs. These exist because we take the
threat of illsgsl and undesirable tecbnolo4y trsast.
seriously and believe we must take all pccsslbla steps
to counter it.
&M'x
We do not believe the answ.r is to shut the
completely to exchanges. The benriits of these
exchanges to us, in scientific, scadasiic, political
and social terms, are too psvat to forte. MM
solution is complex requirtaq careful sors4rais,4 mt
both the types of programs weopen- to *z % W&
the actual individuals we invite to ps=ttctpate.
p: Don't these exchanges initiatives imply a return to
business as usual with the Soviets when tb mtrn i3 m
CS requests on human rights issues?
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In protesting actions which suppress basic hum" rights
ve must. not take out our indignation on those not
responsible. That is why the !resident feete vs sb1A
broaden opportunities for 14ericsns and "Viet et'sms
to get to know each other better on an tnd.t tl l
basis.
and many others, has yielded am y scLentifto
benefits. These benefits arise fros cadbinlu9
resources, drawing on each otl+er'$ experttae o?
Cooperation between the US and USSR over NMI years is
scientific and technical fields such as atonic energy.
environmental protection, housing and consttuatt ,
gaining access to -unique lastitations or PaglzaplsSc+aL
?urthermors, we will use the contacts opened b7
exchanges to continue vigorously advocat.fa4 o x b -
rights concerns. The professional coutaots WAish 4
out of scientific ewhangs, fez eacsszplk, um amt t U.
a spschaniss to assert the interest of the teen
scientific coomaity in the cases of dissident savist
scientists.
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Tf Nu= mom
Office of the Press Secretary
(Geneva, lwitssrland)
POS SULZAli AT 10.00 AN Local
4.00 SA UT
xowsm 32e 3
O.l. SACT tf?
worth Pacific Air lafgty Agressient
The US, Japan, and the USSR signed an agrsssaut $ov roper 2P on
procedures to implement the North Pacific 111OPAC) Aix S,sfsty
Memorandum of Understanding which was signed in wrok o an ftly 11
of this year. The Memorandum of Understanding prow as Apr s a~
communication link between Anchorage, Tokyo, and Xbatssovs 2
use when a civil aircraft assigned to a ISOPAC roots is in
trouble. it specifies certain cooperative ssaaurss }gas
three sides to identify and assist such aircraft and offers the
use of a radio broadcasting station on Uaachatka as a navigation
aid.
The ilrplementation procedures amplify act these Uaderts]r3 s a m&
specify what the respective area control centers IACCs; w22 do
in the event an aircraft- is lost, has deviate4_ fraw ewers, basa
comunication failure, been hijacked, or has an in-t2iggt
emergency requiring immediate landing on USSR tesri 3hs
procedures agreement also stipulates that the USSR will "tom
Japan or the U.S. if an unidentified aircraft appears is s awr2st
!light information !legion (FIR) which could be an s#rcwaft tbft
had strayed from a WOPAC route.
0 0 0
PVT
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St -1 As on the sOpAC Atr Safety ZmssL..rtat ar Accord
at When will this agreemert coma into fort.?
A. The Il4emc+rardum of Vrderstandinq cast into fncce
through an exchange of diplastttie' notes an October &
of this year. It will take several =re sontha for
the cosmunication circuit to be set up and berms
operational, however.
Q. Does this agreec>ctt mean the soviet 'union has agr & tbazo
will he no rtore Korean Airliner shootdemms?
A. -- It doesn't. nut it does reduce the danger of a
repetition of such a tragedy, and that was what we
were r inirg for. Agreeing to take those step. does
not change anyone's legal respor+sibilitiea and
obligations. In our view, using the new mechanises we
have agreed-on is a very practical way of reducing the
charges of recurrence, and that is why we arm pleased
that agreesent has been reached oa the iaep3 tatIon
procedures. The basic objective in all of thase talks
was enhancing air safety.
Q. If are- airliner strayed off a SOPAC route toward &mist
territory, Mould the Soviet Union get in touch with us under
this agrees ent?
A. -- This agreement establishes the mecbanisms and Beans for
doinq that, and the Soviet Union has cce ite& itself to
get in touch with us when ar uridentified civil eLrcrs:t
erters one of their flight infosaation regions.
i 11 1; 11: a
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 - 2 -
0. out it Soviet law provides for shooting down an atrpla .,
and no one is changirq their legal obligations, what is tMs
agree"nt worth?
11. -- we never expected or aimA for chances it tkstt Lire,
because current international law obliges all ooaattsles
to assist a civil aircraft tr* proceed salelg without
shooting it down. What we were ai*ir4 t sew
neehanisma and commitments to use tbm w'tt tio' ttI ss'ks
it more likely that those obligations under aeszest
law are honored in the future. We bave eebisvss that
a 4n. In addition, the-- mechanism -vt have &Vzsedf c
will provide some means to assist aircrewm etas tVAW
are in violation of Soviet territorial si .
Q?
What type of situations does the procedures dock armcl
A. -- it provides that in the event of an emer+eacy
situation in-flight that requires an isW.dtats
landing, the Soviet Area Control Center wi.11 provide
assistance to the aircraft up to aMQ incliaeq a
landing on Soviet territory it it cannot ss 4.%. or
Japanese territory.
it also delineates what each control center ahoe1d do
when it has information, or reason to suspectf that in
aircraft has strayed into airspace controlled by t h.*
Soviet Union.
4r~r~rnvo`?! Cur C~olone )(1'I I /(1F/(1Q (`14_D f1DS2S2('_(1'I'I'17D()() 'I'I(IAAQ(1(1'I(1_'I
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for exas-ple, if either the AAC rage or f0kro cistern
is aware that an aircraft ne4r their corttso) Ojai
inadvertently deviated into a soviet Flight
Infotteation A"ipn and is out of coa^wnicatioo with
Tokyo or Anchorage, they will adrjN theabarmcenter of that last. ~
The -iets will thea attNp` to
relay information to the aircr t to retusa it to
course.
conversely, i f the Khabarovsk Center has raasm to
believe that an unidentified aircraft dettctsd to it
airs s
pace has stray, from ore of the NortbmM 3WW I
routes, it will ccnicate with Tokyo or
and provide the inlesawtion it ~
has on the airatatt'a
location, altitude, and coons,,
Nith this information, either the Tokyo or won
Center will att t ~
~p to provide all pertinent
information on the aircraft to khabaroosk.
Other procedures spelled out in the agreamsat-3de
guidance for handling an aircraft that has bssn
hijacked and is heading into airsp& a contro
the soviet Union, or one which has
sat!?reef a lops of
caawuuications,
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POE RELEASi A? 10.00 AN Local Mowober =1, Zpss
4.05 AN NOT
Its, near BMW
Us-wet E~oc A Pat kf f
On November 21, 1055, the United States of Atresina and the AniM
of Soviet Socialist Republics signed a 9eas111 a *.anp i
agreement in Geneva. romat cultural aad a0seatlooal aaetbaaae.
years. The signing of tats Agreement is the a+c2ataatloia of ? eel'
and a half year
rocess which b
i
'
p
egan
s Iwie 1ltt WFAM lsraid%M
t
----&
, Reagan fi announced that the in a w
as
More Direct Contact Between V.I. and sovietP
In last Thursday's Address to the Nation an )tl^ srelime i-1vu
General secretary Gorbachev, President X" gas sa10, 'raDsar~,a
peace requires openness, honest cos~vaioatisas
for our peoples to get to guar one another 1Lcwsct
.swat
.
. years a major vehicle for this important psoaars h~v btAas s~n-
General Exchanges Agreement batw en the U.S. and the feeiet I'
Union. This agreement is a concrete ecpsesata ci that.Osatrs,,
In addition to the mutual benefit that *am & tea abarkne
the cultural richness both sides gain lraa a ar ----
ehasia! tb~ r 3 r
A-IL
Masm the= ls~ssla a!
barriers, lasses disttuet, 'St
sea
:
being forth -a more open world. As the President said his lts4
speech to the Smithsonian conference on V.1'Soiet rigs., ;
'Civilised people _everywhere have a stsh? is IMMWWksst scuts..
ion
it
and
breed d
,
c-----v
--
.sp was m en R
,> possible.'
Mat the Afreeesat taclts
specific exchange activities addressed in this 1ae1 ss
-- reciprocal V.I. and Soviet traveling thematic exkIbitt
on aspects of each country's life ant sea ab', to travel
throughout the other Country accompanied by
40- exchhanges of at Least ton i~`idnal yea s mg at
iw g grates of each country,
expansion of academic and oducationa2 exe~t,
including, 15 lalbright teaching proteseors, 40
long-term IEEX researchers, language teacher traininq
prograsu, language t aeher axchango, smckasit" baeaevfi
archives and J0%jt ssmtibarp?
exchanges in a wide variety of professional fields such
as art, theater, sports, tile, aschtcecturre, awelc, taw,
journalism, medicine, mwn=s, radio saga tsSswisdss-w
-- exchanges of publications, inoledie hck a d3t'
aagasines, technical publications ba"U G tftwteft
MM
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 Approved For Release 2011/05/03: CIA-RDP88GO1117R001104490010-1 --
e
shouldn't the Soviet and read in tJ) Amerf csa press,
read what we Americans have to v sayt?o sT right am includes
the principle of television appearances by repres?ntativ" of
each country.
s
as ed, elf Soviet spokesman are free to a ek, the Fretident
d Pp ear an as~?r;can
television, to be publish
e Vnion,
President Reagan has repeatedly called for increased "C*" to
television and other media in both countries by agredd
representatives. In him s eeeh f i
- _
?pkita
ch?n debate.* From 1959-72, these activities wrs snstala d
two-ear agreemantS. 0& ereshmev sin.me l 2f,s Preaidmet
tJ.a.-soviet exchanges a a fxr aq~nt.
nearly a dozen bila?stera? silpeoo~ ~ the 29705 when ~~ were
cultural, educational, and scientific c3 a" ecc~ioq fi fj&jdg,
The Exchanges Agreement, while between governments paves ths, for the U.S. private sector to be deeply involved in .
universities, dance companies, theater groups, athletic
organisations, churches, and professional organisati s of
doctors, lawyers, can all invite their Soviet ca"~
visit the United States for conference, concerts, tours j to
professional symposia. In return Americana will pay return
visits to all corners of the Sovi 4
Goals
In-addition to the mutual benefit-that comes from sharing
-expertise, resources, and data in solving Cc on problems, and
the cultural richness both sides gain from sharing their best
with each other, exchange programs also can help break down
barriers, lesson distrust, reduce the 1ev.28 of secru
bring forth a More open world. As the President said in his 1994
speech to the Smithsonian conference on O S. _goviat Exchange.,
'Civilised e eve coaawnica~foh?pland cr?a~tivityhas broad In keeping contacts,
possible.. and free
as
9 f i
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 01
01
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p andA's on a Ws~jr t,,~.-o= xC!%!J% es fleet
now is this agreement better than the prevtou.e aeaZ 116c"
have we learned?
the Soviet people and the Soviet system, and, t reasad
Soviet understanding of the United States Sad its
people. All elements of the ald agree .z bee=
included in the now,
channels of communication, expanded our knewlsdga at
The previous exchanges sareement with the. T120. %%a a
solid, well-balanced document. The resulta at the
agreements varied; on balance, bowevez, it opened
In addition, we have strengthened the pectkac net
academic exchanges, nakiag note ?pscifti the
obligatiors of the two aides. language-his a>so been
added assuring greater balance tod rep MOMS ke
the selection of US perforating artists fac travel. to
the Soviet Union.
If we have this agrsra+ent, why did the President raise
other exchange programs separately?
Illual;ated and soviet. ft.
74
Negotiations on this agreement began in the sunwr of
1954. The agreement covers a number of specific,
traditional programs, some of which were conttwed in
the absence of an official agresment, soli as s"loads
exchanges and the reciprocal distribution of ftae ice
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v he Preaideet asked that p
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these negotiations come to fruition when ra&&r. s
improve mutual understanding, h v%ve=, the lrrs'lMot
also felt the noel to reach out to the doviet people
with a range of now, bold initiati?ei, beyond the
sew
of the agreement.
Oss Why have you suddenly rediscovered the value of
with the Soviet Union after breaking this off after
Afghanistan?
At -- We have hardly 'suddenly discovered the value of
exchanges." You will recall the President's eloge:nt
statement on the value of genuine people-to-pecp2e
contacts in his January 16, 1954, speech wheat he t*2ked
about the views and aspirations of average people in
both countries. Then on June 27, 1994, he eephaa#sed
-the need to esteb-lash better contacts between our
govws'nments and peoples. H. also anno ncsd that we
were beginning negotiations on a new exchanges
agreement and called for the reinvigoration of our
other bilateral exchanges.
Private exchanges of students, athletes, musici,ana and
entertainers have continued at a steady pace throaghout
this period.
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01
The President's Exchanges initiatives do net atgttsl a
change in out policy toward Gowitt oaetspatton of
Afghanistan. As the President said in Me stave 13M
speech on us-Soviet Cooperative Eschangee 'oar
proposals . . . are not a signal that we have taezy~ott
Afghanistan. We'll continue to damoastTSts an
sympathy and strong support for the Afghan poWle. The
United states Will support their struggle to 40 6 the
Soviet occupation and to reestablish an M&
neutral Afghanistan.'
was this agraetaent hurried through as that V& Woeld VOTO
scmethinq to sign in Geneva, something to 44tlsdt itteststtea-
fres arias control?
-- No.,-Negotiations on this agroment bsgen in the
summer of 1924. They vets eontdaatsa for acrsthan_a
year in a professional and business-line UNUAr ce
both sides. The agreement was concluded wbsn we
reached a text that was satisfactory to both sides
Obviously, we are pleased to have the oppostu t7 to
sign the agreement here in Geneva. There vas no #astxs
on our part to "rush" this important agrewat, but we
also saw no reason why it could not be completed during
this meeting.
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446-
g Why do we need err exchanges agreamsat at a11-1
~~ -- We do not have, as a rule, cultural or eduaatt5TI 1
exchanges agreements with other countsies. It is our
preference to let Amrica's oun rich, vibrant cultural
and academic world interact freely with otbear so+et*ttat
without governmental involvameat. In the Casa of t%&
Soviet Onion, the Osa finds it advantage0*a to have an
official bilateral exchanges sgr&*Nmt to sa*ur
reciprocity. it is our experience that with t,qs to
Soviet exchanges, most l-maricaa academic u oV' err
private institutions also find USG involvement
advantageous.
Does the absences o! an Official exchanges egremsnt s ,I
there have been no exchanges overt the last S yearn?
P-t ?? No. There have been rvmsrous and various Private
exchanges between the U.S. a 9"W- 'tba UM
erccurages these people-tc-'people contacts. Tba
exchanges agreement is in no way rostricttJ ea&
places no limits on private sector initiatives.
in addition. certain programs * iicb fe11 mr4es the old
agreement, and which are part of the new oas,
continued in force in the absence of an agTasssrat.
at reduced
hcadaRai.c exchanges continued, although
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-s-
levels, and the reciprocal exchan9e of pnblicattems ?-
CSIA? s Jlstirica IllusIrsted and the V881, 18 i+-isyt 1!!w ?? way
also Maintained.
as what ore the major features of this agsa nt?
As -- There are four major parts of the agree tt
o (1) reciprocal trawlictl thematic exblbitlcros is
each country staffed by language-qualtlt*
quid.sp
o (2) academic amd educational exchangra,
a (3) performing arts exchangss, groups: 016
individualsI and _
0 (4) the exchange of America lllustratred as A
"et Lif! .
Q: Mont the Ran only exploit expanded exchanges to place *ere
of its agents in the U.S.?
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Al
U.S..
under current practice, the U.S. Gavestm&ut carelally
review each proposed vxchangss and pr'ogr m?
We believe that the Measures currently in place ore-
of fective and yet carsonant with et 44&Srs tt learn
from Soviet exchangeas and to expose them to P ricar.
?dueatior, values, and our society at largo.
Os why take the risk of letting Soviets tt at a11? Why not
keep them all out and eliminator all risks of ts~2
hi -- t11 democratic countries have a stake in kespinq
contacts, coa+uuu+ication, and creativity all broad,
deep, and free as possible. The Soviet practice of
sealing their people off and filtering and oomtrof'lmq
contacts and the flow of infcrmtioe is a primary
problem which led the President _to call for moss
exchanges between our countries.
United States citisens rigbtfnlly believe that this
society is among the most free, most pmnp.rccs, w
the most conducive to creativity and free -_ W 4P
There is such to gain tram a ocaisc laxcs MANbeis at
soviet citizens to Gus Way 4A Ufa*
1 11,9 I , .omit,
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At the same tins we will continue to protect our
natioral security by carefully screening sash
applicant for a visa and taking all appropriator steps
to ensure that espionage agents are not permitted to
enter the United States.
Qs Just what are the benefits we get from these exehane
programs?
Societies everywhere have a stake in keeping contacts
and communication an broad, deep, and free as
possible. By encouraging exchanges of r1oan ana
Soviet citizens in the arts, education, eaten.,
sports, and other fields we hope to expose
increasingly large and influential segments of Stet
society to our values, intentions, and 90t1a.
efforts to strengthen the peace.
Additionally, we hope to learn more about Soviet
society and practices as well as to build relationships
with Soviet academic, scientific, and intellectual
leaders over a wide spectrum of their society. Th*re
are also very real benefits that come when exchanges
of information and access to the other country's
institutions reduce unwarranted suspicions and build
confiderce in our ability to discuss and resolve, *tval
problems. All of this forms a part of the pr*s3dent`s
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Qt Don't these exchanges initiatives i
business as usual with the fly a reture to
MR th@y voatinys to
gnorw Of requests or. human rights wt
i rights Is....?
At ?- We have made clear that h man rights will his e
crucial factor in ".f.-fvviet relation., mix
agreement on oxchanges does
not in any gray d*tract gi'+oE
the requirement for the soviet Dion to 2Lvw up to its
human rights eommit"rts , ror does it VASO that t
nor does it mean that the U. cars: any 2aas t ttu
fate of individuals subjected to huaran rights--abases In
-
the soviet Onion.
by expoeinq lorge numbers of Soviet citi:eas to
American values and our way of liff, we w32 keep faith
with those in the Bovist _Union _ who are puraying s s+s
ds ocratic and just society,
Zn protesting actions which suppress basic bum" rights
we must not take out our indignation on thoma not
responsible. That is why the president feels we
abould
broaden opportunities for Awerica . and des is~# oftf.
t
to get to know each other better an a direct bss,&.
+;atj~'
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?!w
Cooperation between the US sad U1 11M over many yens is
scientific and technical fields such as &tanic apex y,
ervirormentst proteatiom, hwasing aM s atsietlea,
and many others, has yielded ssllay scientific
benefits. These bansfits wise trot colsbiaiaq
resources, drawing on sack otber0a espertles es
gaining access to unique institutions or sa
areas.
III P - 1"t,
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