THIRD ANNUAL REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80B01139A000600120001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 22, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 30, 1961
• Content Type: REPORT

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CODIB-AIL-3
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UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD
COMMITTEE ON DOCUMENTATION
Third Annual Report
Denied in Full
by ONI
Authorization
The USIB Committee on Documentation (COI,')IB) operates under DCID 1/4
(New Series) dated 26 June 1959.
Scope
This report covers CODIB activities during fiscal year 1961 in promoting
means by which the intelligence community can best use available information
of intelligence value. Following last year's pattern, the main report deals
with activities and problems of general concern or interest, A list of CODIB
documents issued during the reporting period is attached as Appendix "A".
Developments in information handling within individual member agencies are
reported in Appendix "B", distributed as a supplement to this report.
Activities
CODIB held nine formal meetings and issued 53 staff papers during the
year. Subcommittees and Working Groups held 19 meetings; five such sub-
exist (dealing with classification Zhidexing, catalokingp' coding/,
units curren#ff*
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remote systems input, common information report and name-check formats,
and emergency planning), and four others were dissolved during this reporting
period (mechanical translation, facsimile service, biographic "black and white"
lists, information systems compatibility - see discussion below). Briefings or
demonstrations given or attended by CODIB members numbered46~'Aku lutiing
a 10 day field trip to the West Coast to visit 11 equipment manufacturers or
systems planning organizations and two military establishments, * and a two
day field trip to the Boston-area to visit four others. ** In Washington, pre-
sentations were given by IBM, RCA, Haloid-Xerox, and National Cash Register;
Verner Clapp, CODIB consultant and President, Council on Library Resources,
Dr. Burton Adkinson of the National Science Foundation, and Dr. Samuel
Alexander, CODIB Technical Advisor from the National Bureau of Standards,
briefed CODIB on some of their organizations' projects; a tour was taken of
the new State Department library; and the Navy and NSA members briefed the
Committee on certain of their agency's activities. In addition, individual
* Friden, Inc. ; Ampex; Stanford Research Institute; IBM (San Jose); Systems
Development Corp. ; RAND; Ramo-Wooldridge; Benson-Lehner; Magnavox
FMA, Inc. ; Aeronutronic Systems Inc. ; Navy Electronics Lab. ; U. S. Army
Electronic Proving Ground.
** Lincoln Laboratory/MIT; Information Technical Laboratories (ITEK);
Technical Operation, Inc. ; and The MITRE Corporation.
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CODIB members attended the SAC Headquarters 438L Technical Conference
and subsequent output demonstration and attended the monthly progress-report
meetings in the Pentagon and at NSA,
Membership
Additional changes in representation occurred during the year. Mr. Donald
B. McCue was designated State member vice Mr. Robert Elwood; Mr. Hollis C.
Brown was named Defense representative vice Dr. John Gigrich; Mr. William
0. Cregar became the FBI representative vice Mr. Meffert Kuhrtz. Increased
Interest in the Committee's work was indicated by more active participation
than in the past year by AEC and FBI representatives,
Release of Intelligence Information
This subject, discussed in some detail in last year?s Annual Report,
particularly concerning problems in releasing material to contractors, con-
tinues to pose difficulties. The intensity of discussion of the problem was,
however, somewhat modulated by attention to other priority interests des-
cribed below, by letup in pressure on the State Department pending the re-
organization of their intelligence component and their plans for modernizing
information. processing procedures, and by some disenchantment in view of
the disappointingly slow success of the USIB Security Committee's coordina-
tion attempts in revising DCID 11/2, which document in its 11th draft, still
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does not meet satisfactorily the problem of release of raw but non-sourced intelli-
genes information. The Community has been unable over the years to agree on a
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definition of "'finished" intelligence; this fact has delayed agreement on the DCID
11/2 revision and caused. considerable difficulty in Identifying what can and cannot
be released to contractors and friendly foreign government representatives,
without administratively back-breaking ad hoc report clearances; surely a solution,
based on a statement of intent of the revised release policy-statement,, if not an
agreed definition, is possible.
In addition to coordination efforts on DCID 11/2, other release matters
considered included requests for release of national estimates to certain
contractors, with subsequent negative ruling by the USIB; release of CIA's
Intelligence Publications Index (IPI) to contractors, initially decided in the
negative but reversed watt -CODIB agreement that bibliographic citations to
documents do not require the same kind of control as the documents or the
substantive information contained, therein;
of USIB Information Processing Problems
Stud
Certainly the most significant and comprehensive subject occupying the
Committee's attention during the second half of the reporting period was the
development, at USIB direction (USIB-M-115), of terms of reference for the
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community study.. Of the 53 staff papers issued, nine were-on this subject;
the study was discussed in seven of the nine formal meetings held. To
produce the initial draft away from office-pressures, a group. i 15 people,
including technical advisors from the National Bureau of Standards, Navy's
David Taylor Model Basra, and CIA's Automatic Data Processing Staff;
non-CODIB representatives from the NPIC, NIC and DCI's Office; and CODIB
members or representatives spent two days at CIA's relocation center. The
USIB approved this terms of reference subsequent to the end of this reporting
period (USIB-M-163).
USIB approval having been obtained, the immediate order of business is
the selection of the Staff Director and other Staff personnel;. this is. now being
attended to,.
The study will be difficult, perhaps more so than any other study yet under-
taken in the Community, and its success will depend upon the abilities of the
staff assembled, how well they work, and how much cooperation they get. It
is responsive also, to the position taken by the Joint Study Group which saw the
need for (a) .bringing into balance the development of automatic data processing
equipments and the techniques for effectively utilizing them; (b) a. more
effective coordination of major efforts to develop automatic my-stems to store
and retrieve information; and (c) a considerable strengthening of USIB's long-
range planning effort (JSG Report, pp 125-131).
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Common Formatting and Indexing
Standardization of information report format within the Community has
been the concern of a CODIB working group (and its two predecessor organiza-
tions) since 195. Last year's Annual Report reflected CIA and Army adoption
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of a standard, today CIA, Army and Air Force have agreed upon a common
format; Navy plans to implement a modified version of it during FY 1962.
State Department has not yet been convinced, as we reported in the. Progress
Report to the Board at mid-year (again, see USIB-D-39.6/5) but it is expected
that this subject will be one of the first problem areas studied. when their
current automatic data processing staff recruitment is completed. Extension
of the standard format concept to cable traffic and other information carriers
or systems input media is a matter of considerable interest which was high-
lighted in the SAC 438L experiment, and which will be a principal area for
investigation by the Community Study Staff.
Standard indexing will also be carefully studied. We reported the first
major revision of the Intelligence Subject Code (ISC) under CODIB sponsor-
ship in the last report. A procedure for further revisions, as current needs
dictate, was developed this year by the Subcommittee on Classification.
Understanding of the capabilities of the ISC and the role of any single code
in an over-all systems plan is required to clear away the misconceptions that
have arisen alleging certain limitations of the ISC, and leading to the
expenditure of considerable man-hours in developing other codes to apply
to departmental storage and retrieval problems that the ISC could resolve.
This subject will be one of the first to command the attention of the Community
Study Staff.
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Machine Translation (MT)
The CODIB Subcommittee on Machine Translation established in FY 60
and discussed in last year's report was abolished, since there was later
established a Government: wide MT committee under, the chairmanship of the
National Science Foundation, which committee included the same intelligence
component representatives as those on the CODIB group.
of CIA was designated liaison representative between CODIB and the NSF
Committee. Efforts toward the development of an operational MT capability
proceeded independently, with the Air Force and CIA most active, through
their contractors IBM and Georgetown University respectively. No one.
technique has' yet, demonstrated its superiority over another, hence CODIB
has not proposed a common facility or endorsed a single program.
Communication Links
One aspect of the inter-agency communication problem as related to
information processing was consideration of the need for facsimile or some
similar transmission of stored information from CIA1s new headquarters
building in Langley to other agencies' buildings. The Working Group
* A useful summary of the MT problem, including a brief view of the various U. S.
R&D efforts in the field can be found in "The DOD Problem in the Mechanical .
Translation Field" by S. J. Deitchman. Technical Note 60-25, revised Jan 61
(Institute for Defense Analyses, Contract SD-50).
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established to study this subject found a lack of community interest in such
a system and was dissolved. Now it appears that the subject (particularly
concerning secure transmission of classified information) will have to be
re-considered, because of such specific needs as those of the State Depart-
ment
but more generally because of the requirement in
an integrated Community information processing scheme for communication
capability between systems.
CoxnFatibility
The compatibility concept, whether or not a precise definition of the word
is agreed upon, remains a dominant part of CODIB's thinking, and, as dis-
cussed in our CODIB program for FY 61 (CODIB-D-5/3, 8 Nov 60), includes
not only equipment considerations but common coding, standardization of report
formats, standardized dissemination procedures, common use of specialized
facilities, early communication of new ideas, fostering greater analyst-to-
analyst contact between agencies, and incorporation of the analyst in the
systems within agencies. With this broader view of compatibility in mind,
and with some of its facets the subject of other working groups or of the
approved community study plan, the Working Group on Information Systems
Compatibility, established specifically to assess the original Air Force 438L
system, was dissolved. Continuing awareness of systems developments
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within the various agencies and state-of-the-art developments in industry
was accomplished in large measure by briefings and field trips, and by
distribution of status reports on Army's ACSI-MATIC system, SAC's 438L
(now AIDS) experiment, Navy's Fleet Intelligence Center program, a NORAD
systems proposal, and pertinent reports by such outside groups as RAND,
Systems Development Corporation, and Stanford Research Institute. A central
file of such reports and other related information is maintained for CODIB by
the CIA Library.
Summary
Looking back at the four major topics requiring CODIB emphasis listed in
our FY 61 Program (CODIB-D-5/3), that of 1) informing members was well
carried out; 2) improving existing individual systems was confined principally
to training in the use of the revised ISC, with classes conducted in CIA or
with CIA personnel detailed temporarily in ONI, in USAFE, and at SAC Head-
quarters. Dissemination practices were not specifically tackled but will be
studied under the community investigation; 3) improving existing. interdepart-
mental operations followed an up and down pattern with partial success in
obtaining inauguration of the revised ISC, slow though still steady progress
toward adoption of the common report format, no progress in standardizing
name-check formats, and with much room for improvement on these and other
subjects of common interest; and 4) forward planning was the major accomplishment
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of this reporting period, taking the form of the approved community study plan
(USIB-D-39.7/1; CODIB-D-82/9).
Outlook
The need for delegation of, responsibilities in information processing on
a Community basis to assign the proper importance to this link between
collection and production in the intelligence cycle remains as basic today as
when stated in the "Over-All Problem and Outlook" section of last year's
report (pgs. 15-18). There is undoubtedly a greater awareness of this
fact today on the senior management levels because of 1) the needs of commanders
and policy makers for faster retrieval and greater manipulation of information
in this missile age; 2) the steadily increasing volume of the information received;
3) the considerable cost of independent departmental solutions to systems design
problems; 4) the obvious illogic in the face of such volume and retrieval speed
requirements for each agency to process separately but essentially in
duplicative fashion, the same incoming information.
We expect (or more accurately we very much hope) that the community
study will point us in the right direction.
Chairman
Appendix "All: Checklist of Documents Issued
in FY 1961
Appendix "B": Information Processing Programs in
USIB Member Agencies (distributed
separately)
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Appendix ,B
34F.Jund 1961
UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE BOARD
COMMITTEE ON DOCUMENTATION
Information Processing Programs in USIB Member Agencies
(Supplement to CODIB-AR-3)
Attached., as outlined below, are the reports received from contributing
USIB-member agencies reflecting their information processing programs during
Fiscal Year 1961:
Section Departmental Organization
Central Intelligence Agency
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force
National .Security Agency
Department of State
Department of the Army
National Photographic Interpretation Center
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Appendix B
Section 1
30 June 1961
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INTELLOFAX REVISION
1. As planned and announced in the last annual report, investigation
of possible improvements in the Intellofax system continued during the first
half of this reporting period, with implementation of the revised system on
1 November. Specifically, a dictionary and a coding manual were developed to
improve input quality through greater standardization, and a clear text provision
was added to increase the flexibility of the Intelligence Subject Code (ISC) and
improve retrieval relevance. Clear text entries are made for organizations,
commodities, place names, and subject subclasses. Toward the end of the
reporting period, a questionnaire was developed for distribution within the
Agency to assess reaction to the revised system; returns received will be
analyzed during early FY 62.
2. Other changes involved exclusion of finished intelligence and of
unclassified translations from Intellofax since these materials are otherwise
indexed in the Intelligence Publications Index (IPI) and the Foreign Document
Division (FDD) index. A new internal numbering system for Foreign Service
despatches received, reflecting both originating post and despatch serial number,
was implemented to obviate one step in the retrieval process; this seven digit
numbering system has been proposed to the State Department for consideration,
both to remove the burden of CIA's superimposing a new number on despatches
received (42% of CIA's total information report receipts) and to provide a
Departmental numbering system compatible with the rest of the Community.
Finally, a study was made of the so-called Nodex (i.e. , not indexed) document
procedures, which exclude certain current and perishible, administrative, or
otherwise controlled information from Intellofax, the purpose of the study being
to consider possible minimal indexing rather than no indexing; the findings of
this study are under consideration.
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Appendix B
Section 1
REQUIREMENTS REGISTER EXPERIMENT
4. As a partial response to recommendations of the Joint Study Group,
a study was undertaken to design a system providing for a centralized register
of collection requirements to reduce undesirable duplication in levying requests
on field collectors, to provide more effective tie-in between requirements and
responses, and to improve feed-back from consumer to collector. Initial
concentration was given to internal CIA requirements and collection since the
Services preferred to await the establishment of the new Defense Intelligence
Agency (DIA) before tackling a Community effort. The system was designed to
provide for later expansion when this becomes feasible. At the close of the
reporting period, the study was entering its final phase.
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Appendix B
Section 1
ASSISTANCE TO OTHERS: OTHER EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT
8. In addition to the revised ISC training for headquarters and field
military personnel described in the body of the CODIB report, the Agency
assisted ATIC in establishing an aperture card file, furnished duplicate
decks of ISC Index cards or machine listings of the index to Air Force and Navy
components, supplied copies of the special intelligence indices to. AFIC's
Unifile system, and otherwise found itself responding to an increasing number
of requests for machine input formats as other agencies introduce automation
into their systems.
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Appendix B
Section 4
30 June 1961
NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY
During the past year, NSA has continued to improve its Uniterm
Coordinate indexing system for technical documents.
It has put into operational use its new method of automatic posting
of uniterms employing an IBM 705 computer. Input is a deck of punched
cards, each containing a document number and one of its uniterms. Output is
an updated, ten column, uniterm posting card suitable for manual manipu-
lation, plus a magnetic tape of all document numbers and their uniterms
suitable for use in Automatic: information retrieval.
NSA is also continuing its research in the use of the Association
Factor to find documents related to a request even though they may not be
indexed by the exact terms of the request. Machine programs are now
being written to test the effectiveness of these findings. A description of
this project has been published in the Journal of ACM, April 1961.
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Appendix B
Section 5
30 June 1961
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
In February 1961, a concept paper, recommending the
establishment of an Information Retrieval and Analysis Program
in the Department of State, was approved and establishment of
the Program was begun.
The Department is now recruiting an Information Systems
Development Staff as part of the Data Processing Systems Staff.
A survey to identify problems in compiling, storing,
retrieving, and analyzing information is planned. If this indicates
an ADP system would probably be successful for some of these
purposes, the Department will do a complete analysis and ?ystems
design study.
In addition to members of its own Information Systems
Development Staff, the Department of State plans to use individual
consultants and private consulting firms as they may be required in
the survey.
Representatives of the Information Retrieval and Analysis
Team will continue close cooperation with CODIB and the individual
members to keep abreast of all developments.
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Appendix B
Section 6
30 June 1961
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROJECT ACSI-MATIC, FY 1961 (U)
1. (U) General, FY 1961 marked the year of the greatest advance so far
in Project ACSI-MATIC since its inception in 1957. An initial staff of thirty-six (36)
spaces (eleven officers, nine enlisted men and sixteen civilians) was authorized for
the OACSI Computer Center, the center to be operated by the USA ADP Detachment,
ACSI, commanded by Colonel Fred B. Keller, Jr.. An additional fifteen (15) MI
spaces were authorized for a two-year period for preparing the required machinable
data base. Space for the Computer Center was allocated in the Pentagon building
(Room 2B537). Authorization was obtained from the Assistant Secretary of the
Army (FM) and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (COMP) for leasing the
large-scale Sylvania 9400 computer, delivery of which is scheduled for December
1961. An. intensive training program began for OACSI Computer Center personnel
starting with a formal training course by Sylvania.on programming for the S-9400,
followed by on-the-job training by OACSI programmers working with Radio Corporation
of America (RCA), the prime contractor for Project ACSI-MATIC. RCA also began
an intensive effort on program developments for the 5-9400. Starting in June 1961,
the Sylvania-owned first model of the 9400, located at Needham, Mass., was employed
for debugging the RCA programs. The first limited operational ACSI-MATIC
programs are scheduled for activation in March 1962, followed by activation of
the research, collation,~system in July, 1962.
2. (C) Programming Developments.
a. Geographic Divisions Collation System, OB, USSR ChiCom.
This task consists of a detailed systems analysis flow-charting and computer
coding for the 9400 of all the processes involved in the man-machine system for
accomplishing the objectives. In addition to the programming requirements, this
area is concerned with formulating the limitations of the input material, the
interrogation capabilities of the system and specification of input formats.
(1) File Structures. Considerable work was spent on the
structures of the files which will contain the information within the ACSI-MATIC
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DOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALS
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DOD DIR 5200.10
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Appendix B
Section 6
system. Derived from the original. concept of an integrated file structure, the
organization of the files was finalized. It was developed by RCA in close
coordination with OACSI intelligence research specialists. A few of these have
obtained training as systems analysts and they have been able to help RCA in
establishing the rules for the collation system, including the actual generation
of flow charts and programming of these for the computer.
(a) Parenthetically, it should be stated that this is the first
year when OACSI has been able to provide sufficient training in systems analysis
work to a few intelligence specialists for active participation with RCA in program
developments. Their sizeable contributions to the finalization of systems concepts
point out the necessity of having intelligence specialists combining the knowledge
of computer systems analysis techniques for developing a computer system which
reflects the practical requirements of any given ADP application to intelligence
functions. Dependence solely upon computer specialists, per se is therefore not
an adequate criterion for establishing a realistic foundation for an intelligence
ADP system.
(b) The file structure is described in detail in RCA Report
IR-60-2. No detailed description of this file structure is given here. Suffice
it to state, however, that the OACSI file structure represents a combination of a
variety of working files and accepted intelligence files. In most cases, the accepted
intelligence files are so organized that once any change has been made in any given
item within these files, a formatized print-out of these updated files can be obtained
at any time desired. The structure of this file is the basis around which the programs
operate. An important characteristic of these files is that they are closely inter-
linked with a series of glossaries and hierarchies. Basically, this means that in
order to begin operations on the computer, the ACSI-MATIC system must have
available lists of terms which are pertinent to the OACSI intelligence functions.
To this end, RCA and OACSI began to form the glossaries in the following areas for
the initial operational system: unit names (unit identification), branch of military
service, location names and geographic coordinates (prepared initially for USSR,
ChiCom, Poland and East Germany), unit, echelon, equipment, honorific, job title,
miscellaneous, personality, qualifier, reporting agency, rank, source and unit type.
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Appendix B
Section 6
These glossaries have been encoded by RCA in Flexicode, i. e . , the code which
will be used within the ACSI-MATIC files. This is a special code which RCA
developed for encoding terms hierarchically related. This coding system is
described in detail in RCA Report IR-60-2, ACSI-MATIC File Structure. It has
certain unique features which make it a more efficient way of handling related terms
in a computer system than has been previously possible with existing coding schemes.
So far, two volumes of the glossaries have been issued under RCA Report SR-61-1.
Volumes 1 and 2. A third and final volume will be forthcoming shortly. When these
glossaries have been coordinated with all intelligence analysts concerned in OACSI
and have been reviewed by them they will be re-issued for the initial operational
system.
(2) Considerable progress has been made in definition of the over-
all system for ACSI-MATIC, including the definition of a special programming
language which will facilitate programing, the routines which will automatically
provide memory space allocations (which is necessary because of the magnetic
memory system combining a tape system with a random access disc system with
the central processor, including the core memory) and the various executive
routines which will control the entire processing operation. Many of the routines
which are necessary to perform these operations have already been resolved in master
logical flow charts. Encoding and debugging of these routines began in the course of
FY 1961. Concerning programming routines, the ACSI-MATIC system has reached
a point where it has been possible to begin designing, master logical flow-charting
and coding many of the routines which perform detailed operations. Development
of these routines has, in fact, been the major task of the RCA OACSI programmers
during most of FY 1961. Detailed descriptions of these routines will be submitted
in the course of FY 1962.
(3) There are many so-called "house-keeping" routines which
perform many operations not obvious at first but necessary to keep the files in order
and the processing underway. Many of these routines which update and maintain the
glossaries, the hierarchy and information records, and provide the necessary machine
interpretation that keeps the various computer operations, including magnetic memory
systems, functioning during the course of processing, have been defined, master logical
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Section 6
flow-charted, and some of these have been coded and debugged. The other
routines which enable the analyst to make direct orders to the computer have
been written. Processing for the initial ACSI-MATIC system will be largely
that defined as "input processing., " and the routines which take care of input
data have formed a major part of the programming effort by RCA and OACSI
programmers.
(4) The input data itself must be formatized in such a way that a
programming system can interpret it, and to this end, RCA and OACSI have
defined in detail the type of information which can be entered into the ACSI-MATIC
system. This has been described in the RCA Report SR-61-4, ACSI-MATIC Input
Mess a Format. The collation processing and integration capability of the system,
which will complete the processing within the ACSI-MATIC system began towards
the end of FY 1961. All of the above programs are scheduled for completion in the
course of FY 1962. It should be noted that this is one of the most comprehensive
programming efforts undertaken so far within the Intelligence Community. Upwards
of 100, 000 Instructions are estimated by RCA to be needed to complete this system.,
b. Scientific and Technical (?&T Intelligence. This task began in FY 1961
and the initial effort involved an investigation of processing activities within selected
S&T intelligence subject groups in order to determine how the research processing
can be aided by digital computers. Four exploratory programs, initially developed
for the RCA 501 computer, have been developed. Three of these have already been
demonstrated and the last mentioned in this series should be ready for demonstration
in September 1961.
(1) Damage Assessment Problem. A program was written by RCA
for OACSI, using the RCA 501 computer available at the RCA Princeton, N. J.
facility, to permit the evaluation of enemy potential after nuclear attack, especially
as pertains to ground forces. Called Damage Assessment, the OACSI program is
able to supply pertinent data to an operational Damage and Contamination Model
(the Air Force Intelligence Center LAFIC7model), and rearrange and collate the
damage results to provide the OACSI intelligence analysts with the ability to readily
evaluate the enemy residual strength after a nuclear attack. In order to tie in with
the ACSI-MATIC system as a whole, future revised versions of the RGF (Residual
Ground Forces) program will be programmed for the S-9400 computer. This will
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Section 6
permit it to take advantage of the flexibility and power of the collation system.
This program was given several demonstrations at OACSI. A report will be
issued by RCA shortly covering this computer program.
(2) Radar Characteristic Determination. The radar character-
istic determination program developed by RCA is designed to take ELINT data
and correlate it with other information such as that derived from siting and
photographs. The purpose of this correlation is to determine the characteristics
of artillery-support radar used in East Germany. This program again was
conducted on the RCA 501, and a number of standard service routines proved
of considerable use, The final program enables an analyst considerable freedom
in interrogating the files and of correlating data within the ELINT information
itself, thus enabling an analyst to conduct research along lines which might seem
fruitful to him but which are not obvious during direct correlation by the computer.
This will be completely covered in a report soon to be issued by RCA. Because
of the infrequent use of this program, resulting from the small volume of raw
data, this program will not be translated to the S-9400. Instead, an effort is
being made to obtain time on CIA's 501 computer as and when needed.
(3) Transportation Problem. This problem has not been completed
as yet, but many of the flow charts have been drawn, and much of the coding debugged.
The aim of the initial exploratory transportation program being written for the RCA
501 is to enable the formation of master files on the rail transportation facilities
of Poland, to calculate the capacities of each line of tracks and the network
capabilities for different equipments or loads, and to provide data retrieval for
analysis by a programmer. A report on this activity will follow the testing of the
program and the presentations to the people concerned. The 501 program will
be translated for the S-9400 in FY 1962. The data base will be expanded to
include all Sino-Soviet Bloc countries.
(4) Missile Range Activity Analysis (MRAA). A fourth program
is being initiated by RCA on the RCA 501, pertaining to the detection of Missile
Range Activity Analysis (MRAA) by means of accoustical intelligence (ACOUSTINT).
This program just began to take shape at the close of the fiscal year.
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Section 6
3. (C) Language Control Studies. The objective of the Language Control
studies was to investigate the various techniques which facilitate the computer
processing of natural languages. This investigation was aimed at generating
restricted languages or computer techniques which would aid collation or
information retrieval in the ACSI-MATIC system. The work under this task was
terminated during this fiscal year. The findings have been made available to
NSA with the expectation that they will contribute to the related studies of this
agency.
a. Automatic Syntax Analysis. Because most of the intelligence
information to be processed by ACSI-MATIC is stated largely in a narrative
language, RCA undertook the development of an automatic computer program
which would parse (analyze) English. sentences. It was felt that this RCA 501
program would be a useful tool for the investigation of many problems such as
automatic indexing. Proceeding along the lines laid down by the linguist Zelig
Harris and his associates at the University of Pennsylvania, RCA completed the
program during the past fiscal year. The program determines the grammatical
class and sub-class of each word in a sentence, isolates phrases such as noun
phrases within a sentence, determines the class relationships, and checks for
the completeness (that is the inclusion of a subject, verb and object) of a sentence.
This program was demonstrated on several occasions and a report numbered
SR-60-2 was issued which completely describes all of its details along with
relevant examples of its operation.
b. Document Condensation. The automatic syntax analysis program
was applied to the condensation of material by means of special techniques
developed by RCA. By such means as deleting or footnoting the secondary phrases
within a document, it was found possible to reduce documents to about 35 per cent
of the original length of the text without significant loss .of information. Other
schemes were also investigated for achieving document condensation. The report
numbered SR-60-2 also describes this activity and presents the results of a
condensation application.
c. Document Auto-Indexing. A survey and theoretical study was made
into the problems of automatic indexing, and a comprehensive report (Appendix A
in report numbered MR-60-11) was issued during this fiscal year, The main results
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of this study were to clarify the nature and function of an index, and to .point
out the features of an index which could be automated. Additionally, the
automatic syntax analysis program was realized to be useful in this respect.
4. (C) Equipment Implementation. This task consists of evaluating and
recommending data processing equipment which will most adequately meet the
needs of the finally proposed man-machine collation processing system. This
includes facilities planning, installation and testing plans, equipment integration
and interconnection.
a. Peripheral Equipment Studies. A specification was written
(Appendix A in report numbered MR-60-12) for a magnetic tape subsystem for
the ACSI-MATIC system and submitted to OACSI. The various peripheral
equipments associated first with the MOBIDIC computer and the S-9400 were
investigated in detail for integration into the ACSI-MATIC system.
b, Computer Studies. RCA originally devoted considerable effort
towards studying the MOBIDIC D computer for the ACSI-MATIC system.. But when
the 9400 computer was suggested, the effort concentrated on that computer. Since
the MOBIDIC D is the prototype of the 9400, much of the effort was extremely useful.
A continued series of conferences and trips were conducted with Sylvania in order to
arrive at the necessary technical understanding of the 9400 to integrate it into the
ACSI-MATIC system. This exchange between Sylvania and RCA enabled the former
to provide certain needs in the 9400 which would make it more suited to the ACSI-
MATIC system. In particular, since the computer would be used.with the Telex
Mass Memory Modules (the Telex disc files), there were certain considerations
which had to be met. Computer details are summarized in report numbered IR-60-2.
c. Facilities Planning and Preparation. After considerable exchange
between OACSI, RCA and Sylvania, a proposed floor: plan and installation cost
schedule was arrived at for the initial ACSI-MATIC system to be implemented by
March 1962. Details of installation, maintenance and off-line equipment requirements
completed this scheduling. An evacuation S. 0. P. was formulated which would enable
the rapid disassembly and reassembly of the computer. in the event of an emergency.
Sylvania was subcontracted to complete the installation of the equipment in the
Pentagon. A preliminary version of this planning is given in report numbered IR-60-2.
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Section 6
d. Telex Disc File. Trips and conferences were held with Telex, Inc.,
to determine the technical characteristics and features of the magnetic disc memory
system. Tests to assure the acceptance of the equipment were formulated, and the
test equipment fabrication was begun at RCA, Princeton, N. J. The details of the
Telex Disc File are described in report numbered IR-60-2.
e. Disc Control Unit D( CU). The Disc Control Unit (DCU) is necessary
to match the 9400 computer requirements to those supplied by the Telex Disc File.
The unit was designed originally for the MOBIDIC D computer, and the changes
were made after some of the circuits and logic had been generated during the middle
of the fiscal year, The DCU is nearing completion and it will be available by the time
the installation is made to serve as the so-called interface between the computer and
the disc files in the ACSI-MATIC system.
f Prototype Analys t Console (PAC) . The Prototype Analyst Console
(PAC) is a unique man-machine communication and buffering device developed
by RCA to study the' problems encountered in ACSI-MATIC in this area. Described
in the final engineering report, SR-60-4, this console allows individuals such as
research analysts not trained in computer languages to use a computer directly. The
equipment was operational towards the middle of the fiscal year, and numerous
demonstrations were given to show the efficacy of the original concept. PAC will
enable the complete evaluation of a console, and will lead to the development of
operational intelligence analyst consoles which may become part of the system
following testing.
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