INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF SWINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100270016-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 25, 2012
• Sequence Number: 16
• Publication Date: April 8, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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!iSTAT
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PREF4\ C.
The prosent Vo1ux]e tepre cnts the third. and considexab
y' r
Vised ed1ion of the manual Sct,1buc'
Diseases n~~ ~
??w.,.
a:~ie ~'3.rst
published In 1928 and rpxjrted in 1936.
During the LO years since the 'second edition eT large
f ~ 4?
amount of new scenbjf
data has appeared, new infectious diseases
of swarxe have become known and a 'i
lth of prsctIc's,l ecperi.~nce has
accumulated in the struggle against the i.nfe
ctj diseases of swine
in the USSR,.
In consequence of this, a number of substantial and
a.rnportant
changes hiver been made in preparing this editio
n for publi.cata.on,
AdditianaJ, paateri.al has been inserted in many chapters and a number
new i diseases havebeen descr
ibdd dysente Teschen.;disease
[ .tz7f'ectiou a , ,
s encep alamyeiitjs of swine'), and licterellosi.s,
Together with this the text has also been subjected
~ _ to a.
certail~ am~unt of structural rearr.anr
~e,~ant so as better to satisfy
the needy of practical veterinarie~s and s .
pecialists in hqgbxeeding
It as rie'cessary. to a Canr3iderable extent' to ?
~. ire ,
~' up. the
Lornier monograph styJ.e of expposjLicn and drastically abridge all
the historical dta on the de-velo
_ prdent of views can the
etiology''
and character of this or that ;disease,
The daLaxls of bacteriQlo~~,ca~,
investigati.o.ns, especially on the classj!jcRtjQfl of b'
acFbwxza of the
paratyphold group,
were
similarly
subjected to abri.dgeen~, thgether
`
These cuts; ,permitted considerable ex ansia
p n of those sectic~ne'
with the
technique of Preparin biological
prep~.rati.ons.
STAT
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o l' particular interest to the practical worker, and also made it
Sl f' a~aSes.
three
b
R
sCri
de
possible to
~ n~-
v c ueio
P ,Ar~drs e
With tlia partJ.ci.patx,on of 1Jc7cent K..
Of the ~encral and specific epizootolugy of the infectious diseases
of swine have been treated
in
detail in the present' edition of this
manual, and has been supplemented by indications
measures of ro ph ylaxLs `and sanitaLionm "
of the necessary
. rftle bibliography has been limited to the most important
works that have appeared since 1.93L1. We refer scientific workers
intex?ested in the eaxlic?r works on the infectious diseases of.
~,0 t,his ananua1.
'
1
eds. i
swine to the first and second
1)C express the hope that this newly "issued manual will bed'
of use . and assistance tn: specialiss and will enable them more
succesfully to solve the rsponible problems set' for them by "
the new Five Year Plan of raconstruc Lion and development of the
national economy of the USSR in the -post-war period,
Professor Pavel Andreyev
10 January 19Li 7
Buz 1 u i v:Ev
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fl) TI'lE CONTROL OF IN " CT 0135
US' .C)
DISEASES OF SWINE IN T_HE USSE.
The Lai o C the Fjve ~ye ar Plan for the Reco ids true ti. on and1)
?relopmont of the National Economy adopted at the first session of.
envisages,
the -second aonvacatian of the Supreme Spvtet.USSR
addition to other extremely important tasks in. various. branches of
the national economy the intensive development of hagbreeding. By
the end of 19O the number of sine in the USSR i.s to be trebled,
and the share of swine production in the. total output is to b
rP~` increased. r ,
sharply
The successful soluiJ on of this task' is a matter of honor
Haar" s ecialis~e
u: the veteri p
'Lo all yarl~ers in ha breeda.ng9 ia1cludin~
I.
c
~
u
.~ the red
'
~'ar ta
~ a
wha aye c~l~.e _ take a11 ncasssar` ~ esures ..
'r d~upon to~
Lion and complete suppression of unproductive losses in animal
husbands.
Beyond` doubt the fulfillment of the assignment set by the
an of the Fourth Stalinist F?.ve Year Flan in the field of hog.
breedth dll demand
feat energy; initiative, knowledge and in
tensified ~rark on the part` of hogbreeders and veterinaMes
It wili be necessary to overcome the 'many 'difficulties
of this goal.
that stand in thrw., way towards the achievement
In connection with' this the problem of the campaign against
the, infectious diseases of swine takes on special, interest and 1m''
?
portance. The successes registered 1t h1 by :Soviet }.
veterinary., sciende are considerable. The veterinary and smiitaion
'cand the country as regards the condition on of ,` infectious diseases has immeasurably improved, ' ` of swine
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But we"Gannet, quietly o content . ourse1va's 'wi bh past . aehteve
F.
ment$, we cannot even ror a rnorscnt relax our a tent1on and
our
vigilance towards infectious diases, It is necessary to `work
? t sti. harder, in deadly earnest, to wipe tkier. out completely and
0 clear up various infections completely out of tae=ho breedin
: icture. The elimination of iOeses from
ec tip s ci $aees will
to a great extent favor the . uceessful a,ccornplsh rent of thep
assignment set by the Five Year Plaai :Ln the field of hogbxeedin
CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFECTIOUS
L)ISEASES OF SWINE
:Fn spite of the abundance of scientific works and pr ctical
cbsexVatirans sari the ,.e' '-
_x'ectjous o isase of swine, up to the prey
ent.'t~.me no one,has over ;taken tcp hwards workingout-the
questions of Uhe general eptzooto1o j of these infections. No
,:
i I i
.data . at all 0 this thibje~t an be found in the literature iither
of the USSR or of foreign ccuntrie~
~. Thir. is w apparently die Lo'
the extremely scanty work that has been done on question of
general epizootolo , The need, however, for this kind oC ins
vestigations; and generalization;, has long been deveIopin,
Thorough theoretical treatment f the general epiwotoLo y
oC swine , diseases would undoubtedly , encourage ;correct a:n,d, broader
0
era.enta?b yl r
inn
on the t
~?ar of. the veterinara.es specialx.zi.n: in these
diseases and working In the great ha bree'din trust ~ ,
~ ~ ~:z~d , ~ ~ov~~hazes.
The study of the regularities governing he incidence aridtstribution of, ?uifectiou$ swine diseases 'and the vast and valuable
eeraenceac xp u1 tte~d during he fight a ~ains~L bhes
~ e diseases in
,.
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fast decades pcrruit considerable number of important practical
conclusions to ? be drawn ~dth reference to the improvement of the
system of prophylaxis against these diseases and to the enhance-
ment of the of fectivene s of ~ all mcneure$ pursuant to plan.
Like everythira, else that, U new, the development of the
questions of gsneri.i. opzootology involves certain diffict~1tiee.
Apparently some ml rtake s are also criavoidable during such a study,
at ].c3as t at first, the more so since a number of theoretical cues
tions of general epi cotology (like epidemiology) still remain
disputed or unsettled.
Jut these di.fficu1ttes will be overcorue, and the errors
Lc~.at ` arise corrected, if the great creature asset of the scion.-
.
.,tific and practical workers of the USSR who specialize' in swine
diseases is .pit to work on these problems.
we consider it necessary, for our ? own part, to niake a bed
inning with this typo of investigation
The epizootological analysis of all groups of 'infectious
swine diseases should commence, in our opinion, with the classi
fication of these diseases according to the most important
epizcotolcgical criteria. Such a classification allows more
rapid orientation an the significance of. the various infections,,
together with their character and the few basic patterns that
govern their incidence and spread among st Lne0
The . classification of in:fectiou
shrine diseaei may be
undertaken according to the following 'epizaotologic oriteriaa
1?irst of aLi, according to the degree of danger represerlted
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in the sense of danger of their. spreading and the magnitude of the
econonic damage cau3ed by them,
Jog cholera, swine eryip 1as, brucei1o is, anthrax, Au,jes ?'s
disease, swine dysentery and bronchopneur'onia of young pigs .may lae
considered the. most dangerous? The principal efforts towards pro
phyJ,axis should therefore be concentrated :on. these. diseases,
Less dangerous 'arc swine influenza, foot~and-mouth disease
Swife POX, acute paratyphoid and Teschen isease,
The geographically localized infections ., wine plague
E hemorrhagic septicomla3 listerefosis, chronic paratyphoid and
pyobaci,llos:Ls ( chronic septiceamia]
dangerau'.
may be considered least
The infectious diseases of sine may be divided into three
groups according to their contagiousness and iapersability,
(The
capacity or terxclency to spread which is observed in an connmunicable
disease is called d spersability0 The degree of dispersability of
an infectious disease depends on the infectiousness of its causative
agent the viability of that agent in an external mediums and to
some extent on the character of the harboring and discharge of a
virus` by diseased and convalescent animals. acting as carrierse
(Foot nd racuth 'disease is a classic example of an infectious
disease manifesting outstanding diapersability,
The virus of 'this
disease is highly infectious, that is, it can provoke the disease
in animals even' in tide most nninute quantities, due to its rapid
multiplication in the organism. Animals infected with the foot and.
mouth disease discharge large arnounts of the virus Which P Sesser
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great v " ~biit t to external xii tWa, and withstands deaicatiOfl,
1S.~hi, low teznpe ra ture a and other unf'avorabie factors for long
periods.
(Hog cholera is only sightly less djsprsab1e than faotw
andrnouth disease.) I end of f'oOtnote. J
sits of fl'E Ctions rraanifestifg autstafC
She first ; group con
saersabitLtY hog cholers, influenza, foot
s.t~y ~lr
i,ng conta~,1 ~?osrnla and cl'.~
~l.u `esZk~''+ ~ c1i.sea.36 , and swine errsiPeLa.$
a.ndwmouth disease, swine poxa ~
The SE:cond group contains d sease3 of moderate cantagiosity
and .d dl.spersability: sifhrax, brucellosis, itSterel19i a, dysenteri,
Tesehen disease and paratyphoid.
u p contains non?dieper;ab1e diseases and mildly
The third group
-
contagious diseases e s'd.-ne p1aguca and pyobnci1icasis.
~i.?.is alsea of practical interest t2 divide these diseases,
according the character of their cours into acute and chronic. according .. ~0 t ~
1. InS'ec ion$ which are most oiten acute are: hog cholera,
?in..ucrarcr and o ' ronchopfeumof.a of young pigs, siine pot, f ocatMandw .
mouth d dysentc:rya F
erysipelas, Aujezkya s disease, listeredisease, lesis and Tesc1en disease.
2. Infections ihichh most of te,1 rota a chror4c course are
paratyphoid, an~ahrax, bruceliosis anal. swi e plA ue.
The a~u octio~ s ~?i.- =ea.e of swine ;ray- also be d?v1ded into
three groups according to the prevalent charachr? of their disc
semi.natiOtn~ .
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The First r~oup includes infections which aro oft most (aio~'e
often than to other infectioxi) of epizootic character" hod
cholera, f ootwarid~mouth disease, s ?ne pox.
The second group' includes irxfectiors frequently of GpLM.
zootio characters erysipelas bruceliosis~ Aujesz is disease,
influenza, dysentery, paratyphoid, bronchopneumonia of young pigs.
the third' group is of 5.nfectio as principally of a sporadic
character' (appearing seldom as epizoot,ic) a anthrax, s dne plague
and pyohacillosis,
With respect to their organo tropjc character, she inIee
tious diseases of swine may he divided as follow:
(a) pncumotrapic? influenza, SW?ne plague, ` pyobaciliosis
bcorichopncumoma of ynuiIg pigs, and Aujes ~s cdesse (in adult
pigs).
(b) Enterotropic Q dysentery, paratyphoid, hog chglera
(in its enteric fora'),
c- Neurotropic~ Aujeszky s disuse (in suekling pigs),
hog cholera `(in its neurologic' form), Teschen disease arrd .listerel
losis.
(d) Epidernw-and epitneliotropico foot-and mouth disease
swine pox, erysipelas (urui.caria), anthrax,
Finally, according to character of origin and source of in
fection, these diseases nay be' divided into two aain groups;
Diseases originating principally in local sources of
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at; )hoid9 bronchOplei acania c young pip, ii$tere1
~, '~act;.ana per'
aw .na plague , axnthra~, arid ry'sipeiS.
orit~~ifabifg principally as a resiit of in~
~a.sease~
f'ect,.ion bping brought Ua from, outsides hag eha1 ra f'oat.anct~
bx?uceilpsis, AujssZky'S diaca!3e, Teschsn
mouth dt.sGia,ae, 8Wine pox,
&iwease, influenza, dysentex'`m
We do not cansidex the above cla.~>s f'jCatiaf by principal
ept,zootolagic criteria to he by any means final and complete.
t111 requires elaboration and further work.
~'ndc~ub`ted;i