EMERGENCY MOBILIZATION PREPAREDNESS (NSDD-47)
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP10M02313R000100880002-2
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
14
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
March 12, 2012
Sequence Number:
2
Case Number:
Publication Date:
July 22, 1982
Content Type:
MEMO
File:
Attachment | Size |
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CIA-RDP10M02313R000100880002-2.pdf | 1000.11 KB |
Body:
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90492
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 22, 1982
Exacutlvr Fieg r}
If! 82-186
MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT
THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF LABOR
THE SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
THE SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE SECRETARY OF EDUCATION
THE COUNSELLOR TO THE*PRESIDENT
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
THE CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
THE DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF TO THE PRESIDENT
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL
SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR POLICY DEVELOPMENT
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR CABINET AFFAIRS
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND DEPUTY TO
THE CHIEF OF STAFF
THE CHAIRMAN, JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
THE ADMINISTRATOR OF GENERAL SERVICES
THE ADMINISTRATOR OF VETERANS' AFFAIRS
THE ADMINISTRATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
THE DIRECTOR, FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
THE POSTMASTER GENERAL
THE DIRECTOR OF SELECTIVE SERVICE
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
THE CHAIRMAN, FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
SUBJECT: Emergency Mobilization Preparedness (NSDD-47)
The President has approved the attached National Security
Decision Directive on Emergency Mobilization Preparedness.
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SYSTEM II
90492
THE WHITE HOUSE
July 22, 1982
National S ecu i ty Dec.izion
Di&ectLve Number 47
Executive iegiatrr
82-1864
EMERGENCY MOBILIZATION PREPAREDNESS
PREAMBLE
A fundamental obligation of government is to provide for the
security of the Nation and to protect its people, values, and
its social, economic, and political structures. Inherent in
that obligation is the requirement to have an emergency
mobilization preparedness program which will provide an
effective capability to meet defense and essential civilian
needs during national security emergencies and major domestic
emergencies. This directive aims not to commit the Federal
Government to a particular course of action, but rather to
assure that a range of options are available in time of grave
national emergency.
UNITED STATES EMERGENCY-
MOBILIZATION PREPAREDNESS POLICY
It is the policy of the United States to have an emergency
mobilization preparedness capability that will ensure that
government at all levels, in partnership with the private
sector and the American people, can respond decisively and
effectively to any major national emergency with defense of
of the United States as the first priority.
PRINCIPLES FOR EMERGENCY
MOBILIZATION PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMS
Programs developed to ensure or improve the Nation's ability
to mobilize will be based on the principles that follow. The
general principles apply to all emergency programs, while the
division between national security and domestic emergency
principles emphasizes that the respective and appropriate
response for each. category may differ. Taken together, however,
these principles define a common ground upon which mobilization
programs can be developed and used at the discretion of the
President to prevent avoidable emergencies, to combat and reduce
the effects of those that are unavoidable, and to mitigate the
effects of those that do occur.
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Authorities for direct economic controls (wage and price
controls and consumer rationing) in national security
emergencies need to be provided to give responsible
policymakers flexibility to deal with circumstances that
can be judged only as they arise. These controls should be
used only when they are clearly superior to the efficiency
of the market as a means to achieve essential objectives,
and not.as an automatic response to all national security
emergencies.
General Principles
Emergency mobilization preparedness programs for all emergencies
will be based on the following principles:
Where applicable, preparedness measures should emphasize
the partnership and interdependence between Federal, State,
and local governments.
To the maximum degree possible, consistent with security
requirements, the private sector should be brought into a
planning partnership with responsible government agencies
prior to the outset of an emergency.
Plans and procedures should be designed to retain maximum
flexibility for the President and other senior officials
in the implementation of emergency actions both above and
below the threshold of declared national emergencies and
wars. Plans should avoid rigid "either-or" choices that
limit Presidential options.
Preparedness measures should reflect functional inter-
dependencies among agency activities and across preparedness
programs. Close and continuous coordination between military
and civilian agencies is required to ensure consistent
approaches to common problems.
Initial preparedness measures should focus on short-term
improvements and make effective use of the existing
mobilization base. Measures to increase adequate
mobilization base capabilities should be developed in the
longer term.
Preparedness measures that involve the waiving or
modification of socioeconomic regulations that delay
emergency responses should receive priority attention.
Preparedness measures that are, or may be, impeded by
legal constraints should be identified as a priority task.
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Preparedness programs should also be designed to increase
capabilities to cope with resource shortages arising from
disruptions of essential supplies from foreign sources,
and serious disruptions of services (e.g., transportation
or communications) that threaten national, security.
Principles for National.Security Emergencies
Emergency mobilization preparedness programs for national security
emergencies will be based on the following principles:
- Preparedness measures should address the full spectrum of
national security emergencies.
The development of the structure of policies, plans,
authorities, and requirements for full mobilization should
receive priority attention. Foundations for total
mobilization planning should be introduced concurrently.
Resource management and economic stabilization programs
should include standby plans and procedures for governmental
intervention, as necessary, into the market place to ensure
the enhancement of supply and the allocation of resources to
military and essential civilian needs. These mechanisms
should provide for both gradual and abrupt replacement of
market forces by governmental regulations.
Preparedness measures should emphasize a rapid and effective
transition from routine to emergency operations and should
be designed to make effective use of any periods of time
that may be available following the receipt. of strategic and
tactical warnings. The Governinent must develop capabilities
to minimize the start-up time required for emergency responses.
High priority must be given by Federal agencies to identify
and prioritize their requirements for national resources
needed in a mobilization.
Improvement in the capabilities of Federal agencies to identify
and manage the resources under their cognizance to meet
military and essential civilian requirements in a mobilization-
will be achieved.
Preparedness measures should include all appropriate
coordination with our allies.
Principles for Domestic Emergencies
Emergency mobilization preparedness programs for domestic
emergencies will be based on the following principles:
Preparedness 'measures must reflect the Constitutional roles
of the Federal, State, and local governments. In peacetime,
principal responsibility for preparing for, and-responding
to, domestic emergencies rests with State and local governments.
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Primary emphasis should be placed on natural disasters or
other domestic emergencies of a catastrophic nature that
cannot be managed effectively without substantial Federal
presence; or, arise within spheres of activity in which
there is an established Federal preeminence.
Federal preparedness measures should assist State and local
jurisdictions in increasing their capabilities to meet their
responsibilities.
Domestic preparedness programs should be developed in close
coordination with the private sector.
Preparedness measures for allocation of resources during
domestic emergencies should rely on market-based mechanisms.
Economic stabilization preparedness measures should provide
mechanisms that do not rely on the imposition of direct
economic controls.
Preparedness measures for domestic emergencies should
facilitate responses which may be necessary for only
temporary and selective departures from established public
policies. Equally, such measures should aim for the prompt
restoration of routine policies and programs.
SPECIFIC POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
Based on the national emergency mobilization preparedness policy
and principles stated above, the programs are to be directed
initially at the development of a credible and effective capability
to harness the mobilization potential of America in support of-
the Armed Forces, while meeting the needs of the national economy
and other civil emergency preparedness requirements. These programs,
making use of existing programs where possible, will contribute,to:
- deterrence of attack, especially nuclear attack, on the United
States, our allies and friends; and defeat of attacks should
deterrence fail;
effective response to attempts at coercion, nuclear blackmail,
and economic warfare;
preservation of constitutional government;
prompt recovery of affected areas and the restoration of
national systems, including the Armed Forces;
maintenance of alliances and the continuation of cooperative
relationships with our allies before, during, and after armed
conflict or disruptive activities; and`
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effective allocation and management of essential resources.
In the case of major domestic emergencies, emergency mobilization
preparedness programs will contribute to:
improving the survivability of the national security
capability;
effective natural disaster predictions, risk assessment,
and warning systems;
reducing the vulnerability of production, services, and the
infrastructure to catastrophic events;
prompt and coordinated Federal assistance to affected State
and local governments and communities;
effective management and allocation of Federal resources to
facilitate both emergency response operations and long-term
rehabilitation and recovery.
Military Mobilization
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and plans
that will ensure that sufficient manpower and materiel are available
to guarantee the Nation's ability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain
military operations; and that, consistent with national defense
priorities, military manpower and materiel be available to assist
civilian authorities when civil resources are inadequate.
The program will increase capabilities to:
expand the size of the force from partial through full to
total mobilization;
deploy forces to theaters of operations, and sustain them in
protracted conflict; and
provide military assistance to civil authority, consistent
with national defense priorities and applicable legal
guidelines.
Industrial Mobilization
It is the policy of the United States to have a capability to
mobilize industry in order to achieve timely and sufficient
production of military and essential civilian materiel needed
to prosecute successfully a major military conflict, to lend
credibility to national strategic policy, and to respond to
national security emergencies.
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The program will:
improve the capability of United States industry to meet
current and mobilization requirements by identifying
production and supply r?eficiencies and initiating actions
to overcome them;
increase the capability of industry and infrastructure systems,
including transportation and energy, to meet national security
needs through use of improved guidance on resource-claimancy,
continued use of import and export controls, and appropriate
use of Defense Production Act authorities in cases where the
free market cannot be reasonably expected to provide the
required national security capability in a timely manner;
provide for assessment of the impact on the industrial base
resulting from existing and proposed agreements for co-
production of defense materiel, related offset arrangements
with our allies, and other reciprocal trade agreements; and
- ensure the availability of strategic and critical materials
by primary reliance on the National Defense Stockpile; the
President may authorize the use'of DPA Title III in those
instances where the free market cannot be reasonably expected
to provide the required national security capability in a
timely manner.
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and plans
to ensure that the Nation's human resources are available in the
requisite numbers and skills to support and sustain the Armed
Forces, and to provide for essential civilian needs.
The program will:
- identify the required civilian skills and potential supply
problems for support of the Armed Forces, essential defense
industries, and other critical mobilization tasks;
facilitate the channelling of skilled workers toward the
most critical mobilization needs;
provide for maximum reliance on voluntary mechanisms to
allocate human resources-to critical industrial and other
emergency mobilization tasks;
- provide for a standby system for attracting workers to
critical mobilization tasks, if necessary, during national
security emergencies;
minimize the impact of labor-management conflicts on expansion
of defense production;
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enhance the availability of the requisite scientific,
engineering, technical and other human resources to
support both military and industrial mobilization needs;
and
ensure that human resources policies complement economic
stabilization plans and procedures for mobilization.
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and
plans to ensure that sufficient medical personnel, supplies,
equipment, and facilities will be available and deployed to
meet essential civilian and military health care needs in an
emergency.
The program will:
- enhance the Nation's ability to recover from major emergencies
and protect the population from the spread of disease;
supplement medical services provided by State and local
governments and the private sector with medical resources
during a domestic emergency;
provide medical care to military casualties in civilian
and Federal facilities; and
allocate scarce supplies. and skilled professionals
(specialists) to the highest priority needs..
Economic Stabilization and Public Finance
It is the policy of the United States to develop a variety of
authorities and plans which could be used in maintaining stable
economic conditions during national security emergencies, giving
particular emphasis to measures which will minimize inflation and
shortages; enhance morale and assure that the burdens of the
emergency are being fairly shared; facilitate an orderly return to
a normal economy as soon as possible; and allow the allocative
efficiencies of the free market to operate where possible, with
alternative measures involving direct Government intervention in
the economy to be used only at the latest appropriate time.
The program will increase capabilities to:
minimize economic dislocations and distortions associated
with national security emergencies by carrying out appropriate
fiscal, monetary, and regulatory policies, including con-
trolling inflation and shortages arising from the transfer
of resources from non-essential to priority uses;
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facilitate resource reallocation necessitated by any
relocation of the populace;
assure an equitable distribution of consumer goods;
provide for the protection of United States financial
resources including currency production, Federal check
disbursement facilities, and precious monetary metals;
preserve and facilitate operations of public and private
financial institutions systems, and provide for any necessary
restoration of their functioning after a major emergency;
provide the Government with efficient and equitable
financing sources and payments mechanisms for emergencies;
and
provide fiscal authorities with adequate revenue-raising
powers to stabilize the economy in the face of any additional
resource requirements needed to deal with or recover from
an emergency; available fiscal measures should be selected
to provide maximum efficiency and equity, preserve incentives,
and minimize administrative burdens.
Civil Defense
The United States civil defense policy is contained in National
Security Decision Directive 26, a Secret document, dated
February 26, 1982. In addition, it is the policy of the United
States that all Federal agencies shall participate in, and
support, the civil defense program for population protection,
communications and warning, training and education, and
industrial protection.
Earthquakes
it is the policy of the United States to develop systems and
plans to reduce the loss of life, destruction of property,
economic instabilities, and the adverse impact on our national
defense capability that would result from a catastrophic earthquake.
The program can reduce the effects of a catastrophic earthquake by
improving earthquake prediction, hazard and risk assessment,
warning systems, public education and awareness, response and
recovery; by developing further and applying earthquake resistant
design and construction techniques, and land use planning. The
initial action will be focused on California, but attention will
be focused later on other regions in consideration of their
relative risk from an earthquake.
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The program will increase capabilities to:
evaluate current earthquake prediction activities, foster
the application of advanced scientific and engineering
techniques for prediction and mitigation, increase and.
accelerate basic and applied research efforts;
develop a coordination and integration mechanism between
Federal and State governments;
identify and allocate financial, medical, transportation,
shelter, communications, and other resources necessary to
assist recovery operations;
reduce the negative effects on military installations and
defense related industries;
ensure more effective public awareness programs to equip
all levels of the populace with specific information to
help them survive;
promote. international cooperation to increase scientific
and engineering knowledge in applying mitigation measures;
provide for the preparation, implementation, and exercising
of preparedness procedures; and
ensure the adequacy.of current Federal legislation and
regulations to facilitate an effective response.
Government Operations
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and
plans that will ensure the maintenance of necessary government
functions at the Federal, State, and local levels and provide
for a timely and effective transition into emergency modes of
operation.
The program will:
ensure continuous performance of essential government
functions;
provide timely and effective transition to emergency
government operations;
provide a mechanism for the reconstitution of the operations
of government following a nuclear attack, as required; and
ensure that government officials at all levels.are capable
of responding predictably and effectively to emergency
conditions. .
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Emergency Communications
It is-the policy of the United States to ensure that communications
resources be available and adequate to respond to the Nation's
needs.
The program will:
assure viable communications operations concepts;
make information available on communications needs and
resources;
identify and correct communications deficiencies;
provide adequate communications planning guidance and the
basis for funding; and
- arrange for smooth transition from normal to emergency
operations.
Law Enforcement and Public Safety
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and plans
that will provide for the public safety and ensure continued
enforcement of Federal, State, and local laws; and ensure internal
security and the control of United States borders, and waters
subject to the jurisdiction of the United. States.
The program will increase capabilities to:
maintain law and order in a variety of emergencies, particularly
terrorist incidents, civil disturbances, nuclear emergencies,
and relocation of large numbers of people;
ensure the physical security of critical public and private
facilities;
provide for control of enemy aliens and persons entering
or leaving the United States;
guarantee control of United States seaports, airports, and
land and sea borders;
provide a response capability to sabotage and espionage; and
ensure an intensified counterintelligence effort.
Food and Agriculture
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and plans
that will provide an adequate flow of agricultural products to
the general population and the Armed Forces, and to meet our inter-
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national responsibilities. These plans must reduce the
vulnerability of our food and fiber resources; ensure a
responsive production, delivery, and distribution system
during emergencies, and contain provisions for the rapid
recovery of the agricultural system.
The program will: _
plan for adequate research, production capabilities., and
reserves of agricultural products, including livestock
and poultry, to provide the Nation's farmers with
production resources, including emergency financing
capabilities;
provide for the most effective allocation of resources for
the production and use of available. food and fiber during
emergencies; and the assessment of national and international
requirements upon supplies of food and fiber, so as to
decrease dependence on foreign sources;
- ensure maximum availability of food and fiber supplies
.to our Armed Forces and our allies;
maintain production capabilities to contribute to our
world agricultural trade objectives, and reduce sus-
ceptibility to manipulated economic pressures;
establish emergency marketing, processing, inspections
and grading systems for government-owned and privately-
held agricultural commodities; establish civil transportation
resource priorities to support agricultural needs; and make
provisions for secure storage"capabilities and priorities;
- plan to protect the health and well-being of the Nation's
livestock and poultry; ensure the protection of crops and.
croplands, and the Nation's forest resources; and
provide for timely information under emergency conditions
to assure adequate food and fiber production, and priority
distribution to the normal wholesale level.
Social Services
It is the policy of the United States to develop systems and
plans that will increase capabilities to provide emergency
social services to meet survival needs of the population.
Maximum reliance will be placed on voluntarism and on State
and local governments.
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The program will:
- provide services for persons with special needs and
prepare families and individuals to care for themselves
to the maximum extent possible;
maintain existing Federal, State, local, and private
programs to meet ongoing social services needs;
provide for the reception, care, and resettlement of
personnel evacuated from overseas during an emergency; and
provide for a management structure through which emergency
social services requirements can be assessed accurately
and necessary services delivered efficiently to meet highest
priority needs.
MANAGEMENT
Consistent with this directive, the Emergency Mobilization
Preparedness Board will formulate policy and planning guidance,
coordinate planning, resolve issues, and monitor progress. In
accomplishing these functions, the Board may assign additional
tasks to its Working Groups and require the assistance of
individual Federal agencies. Any issue which cannot be resolved
by the Board within the framework of current Administration
policy will be referred to the National Security Council for
resolution and Presidential decision.
Accordingly, I direct the Emergency Mobilization Preparedness
Board to prepare a Plan of Action to implement the programs
detailed in this directive. Plans of,Action for programs
developed subsequent to publication of this directive will be
prepared within 45 days of program approval.
I further direct that all Federal departments and agencies manage
their financial and human resources consistent with the provisions
of applicable law, and provisions of this and other directives to
assure the development of the required capabilities. Resources
for improvements in our preparedness capabilities will be obtained
through the normal budget process. In the overall context of the
President's budget and current regulatory, budgeting, and
legislative review processes, each Department and Agency will
program and budget funds and personnel for those preparedness
activities which are integral to assigned missions and functions.
Presidential Directive/NSC-57 is hereby rescinded. _
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