CITIES OF THE KUZNETSK BASIN AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 721
• Publication Date: February 6, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
UpNrucn
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1939-47
SUBJECT Economic; Geographic - Mining, industrial
cities, Kuznetsk Basin
HOW
PUBLISHED Book
WHERE
PUBLISHED' Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED 1947
LANGUAGE Russian
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAIMS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT SO
U. S. C.. SI AND !!, A! ANEROID. ITS TRAM SYISSIOR OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN AMT BANNER TO AM ORADTHORI TED PERSON IS PRO.
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PRONIRI7ED.
DATE DIST. I*b 1951
NO. OF PAGES :7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SOURCE Goroda Kuzbassa Ekonomiko-Geo raficheskii Ocherk (The Cities of the
Kuznetsk Basin, An Economic-Geographical Outline , published by`OGIZ,
CITIES OF THE KUZNETSK BASIN
AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE
Beyond the Urals, in the eastern part of the country, the Kuzbass (Kuz-
netsk Basin) is the largest industrial and city region. Its 29 cities and
workers' settlements have a total population.of 850,000,.which is over 61
percent of the entire population of the Kuzbass according to 1939 data. To-
gether with Barnaul, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Krasnoyarsk, the Kuzbass cities
form a geographically united group of the more important industrial and in-
habited centers of Siberia. Among them, Stalinsk, Kemerovo, and Prokop'yevsk
are the largest cities. Each one of them has over 100,000 residents. Leninsk-
Kuznetskiy and Anzhero-Sudzhensk have over 70,000 residents each; and Kipelevsk
and Belovo, over 40,000 each. The towns of Tayga, Topki, Gur'yevsk, Salair,
and Osinniki have from 20,000 to 30,000 inhabitants. The workers' settlements
of Temir-Tau, Mundybash, Promyshlensk, and others each have a population of
10,000 or more. Some of the workers' settlements are growing rapidly and it
is quite pcnsible that they will be included in the category of cities in the
next few years.
Heavy industry, including the production of metals, coal,. coke, and elec-
tric power, is the economic basis of most of the Kuzbass. cities. In 1939, 80
percent of the volume of gross production and the total number of workers in
Kuzbass cities belonged to heavy industry. The following data give the per-
centage for different branches of heavy industry in cities of the Kuzbass:
Branches of Industry
No o
f Workers
Vol of Gross
Production
Mining (coal and ore)
a
552/?5
28.3
Processing industries (metallurgy, metalworking,
coke-chemical industry, and electric power)
26.2
53.5
Others
21.3.
18.2
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
Cities of the Kuzbass are primarily centers of the important coal indus-
try. Coal is mined in eight of the Kuzbass cities. Only Gur'yevsk, Salair,
Topki, and Tayga have no coal mines. Mining centers of the southern Kuzbass,
including Prokop'yevsk, Kiselevsk, Osinniki, and Stalinsk, supply the major
share of coal. In 1939, these four cities provided 60 percent of the entire
Kuzbass coal output. The remainder was supplied by mines of Leninsk-Kuznet-
skiy and Anzhero-Sudzhensk, as well as from Kemerovo and Belovo.
In 1939, the industries of the Kuznetsk cities consumed about one fourth
of the Kuznetsk coal output. Stalinsk receives its coal from Prokop'yevsk,
Osinniki, and Kiselevak, while the Kemerovo Coke-Chemical Plant utilizes
mainly Ieninsk-KuZnetskiy coal and to a small extent Anzhero-Sudzhensk coal
and about one third of the coking coal originates from the southern parts of
Kuzbass. The remainder of the Kuzbass coal production was shipped in 1939
as follows:
Percent
Western Siberia
114.0
Urals
23.0
Central Asia and Kazakhstan'
9.2
Eastern Siberia and Far East
3.8
European USSR
Others
Of the 80 percent of Kuznetsk coal which was shipped to the eastern in-
dustrial region, 51 percent was consumed by industry and 49 percent by rail
and water transportation.. The consumption of Kuzbass coking coal in Stalinsk,
Kemerovo, and Magnitogorsk showed the following pattern in 1939:
St
Kemerovo
Magnitogorsk
M
Prokop'yevsk
56.1
19.7
68.1
Kiselevsk
7.7
6.0
--
Osinniki
35.8
9.5
29.9
Anzhero-Sudzhensk
16.0
.3
Leninsk-Kuznetskiy
.4
27.0
1.7
Kemerovo
--
21.8
The ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical, industry has centers in Stalinsk,
Gur'yevsk, and Belovo. In 1938, the Kuzbass furnished 84.5 percent of all the
ferrous metal consumed in Siberia, and in the Far East, while the Ural region
delivered 6 percent, the Southern' Industrial Region 6.7 percent, and the Central
Industrial Region 1.5 percent. Kuznetsk metals were distributed in 1938 as fol-
lows:
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
Percent
Siberia
67.3
Urals
13.2
Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
1.1
Far East
5.4
European USSR
13.0
Kuznetsk steel is consumed in Ural, Alma-Ate, and Chirchik machine-build-
ing plants; and Mariupol' and Dnepropetrovsk receive girders and rolled sheet
metal from Stalinsk. Kuznetsk metal'is?also-processed?in ~theMoscoy,"Tomk*,
Kuybyshev, and Saratov bearing plants.
Kemerovo
Kemerovo, a large industrial center, is the principal city in the northern
Kuzbass. It extends from west to east along the Tom' River and from north to
south along the railroad line, covering about 10 kilometers. The Tom' River
divides the city into two unequal parts. The left bank is more built up than
the right bank.
Industrial enterprises and the electric power station are located on the
second left-bank river terrace, about 15 to 20 meters above the water level of
the Tom' River. The residential areas are situated mainly on the third terrace,
about 40-50 meters above the river. The first terrace is only 5 - 7 meters above
the river surface and is not being built up, as it is flooded during the spring.
Within the city limits, the Tom' River reaches a width of 500 meters; the
average depth is 1.5 - 2 meters, and in some places 3 - 4 meters. During the
spring floods, the water level rises up to 115 meters, while the average'.level
of the river during the summer is 105 meters. The Tom' River has a swift cur-
rent, especially during the spring floods when it reaches a speed of one meter
per second. The river is covered with ice more than 190 days of the year.
Kemerovo is an important center of the chemical industry, which is the
principal factor in the city's economy. Coke production has increased con-
siderably since the war. Waste products of the coke industry, such as coking
gas, are used by the nitrogen fertilizer plant.
Other chemical enterprises of Kemerovo include the "Energiya" Plant, which
produces dyes for the textile industU? and the "Karbolit" Plant, which produces
parts for the automobile industry, various plastic products, including electric
sockets, switches, plugs, and household equipment.
The Kemerovo electric power station supplies power to Kemerovo plants, as
well as to enterprises of many other Kuzbass cities, from Anzhero-Sudzhensk in
the north to Stalinsk in the south. The Kemerovo power station, one of the
largest in the country, is the largest east of the Urals.
During the war, machine building increased in Kemerovo. A large electrical
equipment plant produces electric motors 'or powerful cutting machines, electric
motors for conveyers, and other heavy mining equipment for Kuzbass mines.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
CONFIDENTIAL
The greater part of the city population lives in the left-bank area. In
1939, 80 percent of all Kemerovo workers were employed in left-bank enterprises.
The right-bank area consists of two rayons: Rudnichnyy and Kirovskiy. Kirov-
skiy is the newest city rayon and is situated on the river, west of the rail-
road branch line to Barzas. The "Strommash" Plant and many residential areas
were built here in the last few years.
The right and left river banks are connected by a ferry which plies be-
tween Krasnaya Gorka and the area of Shchetinkin Log. A bridge across the
Tom' is now under construction in this place. Regular freight and passenger
transport across the river is maintained on the Barzas railroad bridge.
Important industrial enterprises, including the Kemerovo Electric Power
Station, the electrical equipment plant and other plants, are located in the
eastern section of the left-bank area, in Tsentral'nyy Rayon. This district
is also the administrative and cultural center of Kemerovo.
The railroad station is located near the Tom' River. A streetcar line
connects the railroad station with the city center.
There is still a housing shortage in Kemerovo. The further development
of the city depends largely on the solution of this problem.
On the basis of existing enterprises, a group of new chemical enterprises
is to be built in Kemerovo. In addition to coke and nitrogen fertilizers,?the
city will produce aniline dyes, synthetic rubber, artificial fuel, plastic
products, and other articles of the chemical industry. The importance of
Kemerovo a a center of chemical industry is expected to increase. fro r
e
eneral city plan of Kemerovo, see original text page 68~ V
50X1-HUM
5UX1-HUM
Anzhero.Sudzhensk
Anzhero-Sudzhensk, the most northern of the Kuzbass cities, was developed
at the site of the old coal mines. The city grew without a plan, individual
settlements being established according to the location of coal deposits. As
a result, the present city represents a loosely connected group of settlements.
Each settlement has its own layout of streets and thoroughfares, uwhieh are
sometimes not. connected with ,the streeisJ.of .the,-neighboring:-settlements. The main
residential area is grouped around Mines No 9-15.
It is very difficult to find a site where a stone hour' can be built in
Anzhero..Sudzhensk because of the many underground coal mines within the city
area. For this reason, most of the houses are wooden. This also explains
why two of the largest buildings in the city are found in the center next to
each other, the Hall of Soviets and the Anzherskaya Heat and Power Plant. Ob-
viously the latter should not be in the city center. However, the site of
these two buildings is the only spot in the city under which there are no
coal deposits,, i.e., the flat slope of an anticline, the upper part of which
with its coal seams was destroyed by nature.
There are no rivers in the city, therefore, the water shortage in Anzhero-
Sudzhensk is very acute. The M92al6vskiy Kitat River, - 5 kilometers.west?of:.the
city, has little water and is polluted' by mine water. Anzhero-Sudzhensk is
supplied with water from the Yaya River, by means of a 15-kilometer water main.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
CONFIDENTIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
Anzhero-Sndzhensk is an important mining center, coal mining being the
leading industry. In 1939, 66 percent of all workers of the city were em-
ployed in coal mines. With regard to its coal industry, Anzhero-Sudzhensk
occupies the third place in the Kuzbass after Prokop'yevsk and Leninsk-
Kuznetskiy.
At the beginning of the war, the "Svet shakhtera" Machine-Building Plant
was opened in Anzhero-Sudzhensk, which produces coal-mining equipment. Dur-
ing the war, a railroad-car repair plant and a glass plant were also built.
In 1942, the pharmaceutical plant evacuated from the west began to operate.
This is the first enterprise of its kind in Siberia, and promises to become
one of the largest pharmaceutical enterprises in the east.
Under the current Five-Year Plan, two large new coal mines are to be
developed in the city, and several existing mines will be expanded. This
will enable Anzhero-Sudzhensk to reach a daily coal output of^13,000 tons
Leninsk-Kuznetskiy
Leninsk-Kuznetskiy is located in the geographical center of the Kuz-
bass, to the right of the Inya River. This city is an important coal-mining
center. Over 60 percent of all workers in the city are miners. The city
consists of a number of districts formed around individual coal mines.
The main thoroughfare, Prospekt imeni Kirova, runs through the center
of the city. The street begins at Kol'chugino Station and ends near the
market place. Plans are being made to build a streetcar line on this street,
thereby connecting the main industrial area of the city with the center and
- 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Stalinsk
Stalinsk is the largest center of ferrous metallurgy in the east. The
production of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine imeni Stalin constitutes
over 80 percent of the gross production of the entire city industry. The
metallurgical plant is actually an independent city within the city. The
plant occupies an immense area and has 185 kilometers of railroad tracks,
which is ten times more than the total length of city streetcar lines.
Prospekt imeni Molotova is the main thoroughfare of the city. The
Siberian Metallurgical Institute imeni Ordzhonikidze (SMI) is situated next
to the metallurgical plant. The institute trains metallurgical engineers for
plants in Siberia and the Urals. Scientific research work is done in its lab-
oratories.
The city is built on both sides of the Tom' River. The river within the
city area is 400 - 600 meters wide, and during the autumn flood period it
reaches a width of 1,500 meters. The average deptlf is 2 meters. Starokuznet-
skiy Rayon, which contains the aluminum plant, is situated on the right bank
of the river and,is connected with the rest of the city by streetcar and rail-
onadlings. ffor general plan of Stalinsk,see original text page 95~
or view of blast furnace shop and TMs of Kuznetsk Metallurgical Com-
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
I
CONFIDENTIAL
Prokop'yevsk
Prokop'yevsk is situated 30 kilometers north of Stalinsk, in the Aba
River valley. The city is almost 10 kilometers long, extending from north
to south, and covers an area of almost 160 square kilometers. The indivi-
dual settlements within the city are loosely connected with one another. In-
tracity transporation is very difficult and inconvenient.
The Aba River, which runs through the city, has very little water, and
is polluted by mine water. Most of the water for the city is supplied from
the Tom' River by a 40-kilometer water main. There is s to also
the a city limit of ground water. The difficulties of supplying Y li
further development. Prokop'yevsk, one of the largest coal-mining cities of
the country, supplied one third of the Kuzbass coal output in 1939. Over 80
percent of all workers in the city are employed in the coal industry, which
roduc_
ross
's
it
h
p
g
e c
y
constitutes about 66 percent of the total volume of t
tion. nor general plan of Prokop'yevsk, see original text page 125,
Kiselevsk
Kiselevsk is situated 16 kilometers north of Prokop'yevsk. The Kuzbass
railroad separates the city into two parts, the main part of which is in the
south and Afonia in the north. Akchurla Station is the connecting link be-
tween the two sections.
Kiselevsk is an important mining center of the Kuzbass, as well as a
machine-building center for mining equipment. The city itself does not repre-
sent one complete unit, but consists of individual settlements scattered over
a large, partly unbuilt area. Although the small Aba River-cannot be con-
sidered an adequate source of water supply, Kiselevsk has no other sources of
water either in the city or its surroundings. Of all the Kuzbass cities, there-
fore, it has the greatest water shortage.
It is possible that new coal mines will be built in the next few years be-
tween Kiselevsk and Prokop?yevsk and new settlements will arise in this area,
thereby uniting both towns into one large industrial ci y. bor general plan
Belovo is situated at the junction of the Salair branch railroad and the
Kuzbass main railroad line. This city is important mainly because of its zinc
plant. Other branches of industry were developed during the war, including the
electrical industry and the coal industry. A plant of the Ministry of Electri-
cal Industry was opened here in 1942. In the same year,. the evacuated "KINAP"
Sound Film Equipment Plant began to operate in Belovo. A steel-rolling mill
of the Ministry of Transportation was opened in 1944. Zinc production in
Belovo is constantly growing. A sulfuric acid plant will be built to make
hit
e
use of the waste products of the zinc plant, and the production of zinc w
he been or?anized. ffor general plan of Belovo, see original text page 131,
Gur'yevsk.
Gur?yevsk, southwest of Belovo, is an important raw-material base for the
Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine, to which it supplies limestone and refractory
clay. The Gur.'yevsk, Metallurgical Plant, which is now part of the Kuznetsk
Combine, is an, old industrial enterprise. The importance of Gur'yevsk within
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0
the Kuzbass is growing and the city was subordinated directly to the oblast
in 1946. During the current Five-Year Plan, Gur'yevsk is expected to increase
its output of steel smelting by almost 50 percent, and also to increase produc-
tion of rolled steel, m roducts. for general plan of Gur'yevsk, see
original text page 136,
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370721-0