RESOLUTION ON CREATION OF SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL COMPLEXES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05T00280R000300380002-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 19, 2012
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: February 7, 1986
• Content Type: MISC

Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/19: CIA-RDP05T0028OR000300380002-3
Title: I4UTION
Primary source: Izvestiya, January
23, 1986, No. 23 (21465), p. 2,
cols. 7-8
Abstract: The item, which appears
in the newspaper's government busi-
ness section, announces the adoption
of the Party-government resolution
"On the Creation of Inter-Industry
Scientific-Technical Complexes and
Measures for Supporting Their Activ-
ity".* Main points of the resolution
are described. It is said that the
new complexes are to be the country's
chief organizations for solving
scientific and technical problems
in the fields for which they are
responsible. Their functions are
described as follows: conduct and
coordinate basic and applied re-
search, and design, experimental and
technological work for the develop-
ment of highly effective types of
equipment, processes and materials;
build experimental prototypes and
perfect them for series production
jointly with ministries and agencies;
draft scientific-technical programs
for key economic problems, and also
five-year and annual plans of re-
search and development; assist min-
istries and agencies in the effi-
cient utilization and further im-
provement of the equipment, processes
and materials which the complexes
develop; conduct and coordinate
research and development in the
country on tasks of the Comprehensive
Program of Scientific-Technical
Progress of Member Countries of the
Author: Belyayev, V., TASS commenta-
tor
Title: QUALITY ASSURANCE IN MACHINE-
TOOL INDUSTRY CRITICIZED
Primary source: Kommunist, January
7, 1986, No. 5 (15684), p. 1, cols.
4-8
Extract: Experts of the State Com-
mittee on Standards (Gosstandart)
have registered dozens of complaints
about associations and plants of
the Ministry of the Machine-Tool
and Tool Industry (Minstankoprom)
after studying these enterprises'
product quality certification prac-
tices. It was thought up until
recently that the technical stan-
dards of machine tools, other machin-
ery and tools in this industry and
the quality of their workmanship
were being determined in a skilled
and conscientious manner. A dif-
ferent opinion was formed following
discussion of a report by the State
Inspectorate, which was submitted
to Gosstandart and Minstankoprom,
and of many facts which are regret-
table ones, sorry to say.
(continued next page)
5L3
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*See also the Daily SNAP, December
27, 1985, p. 4. col. 1; and January
7, 1986, p. 2, col..l
(continued next column)
Council for Mutual Economic Aid up
to the Year 2000.
It is also mentioned that fo.r pur-
poses of assisting the-wide-scale
introduction of highly effective
types of equipment, processes and
materials, it is considered advisable
to create engineering centers based
on the experience of the Ukrainian
Academy of Sciences, making these
centers a part of the inter-industry
scientific-technical complexes in
cases where it is deemed necessary.
FOREIGN. TECHNOLOGY DIV!S ON
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tic seas.
? Hurricane'-fare winds, movements
of ice masses and other natural fac-
tors can cause various breakdowns of
drilling mechanisms, and such break-
downs have to be eliminated at vari-
ous depths. Training dives must be
made constantly under careful medi-
cal observation if work is to be done
in such conditions. Divers of the
vessel spent several days in a pres-
sure chamber in maximum-load condi-
tions before making their record
dive.
(The photograph shows divers un-
der the observation of physician B.
Vlasov in a pressure chamber of the
"Sprut", following the record dive.)
Title:
IC-TEC
Primary source: Izvestiya, December
17, 1985, No. 351 (21428), p. 3,
cols. 2-6
Abstract: The article is a lengthy
interview with academician Guriy
Ivanovich Marchuk, deputy chairman
of the USSR Council of Ministers and
chairman of the USSR State Committee
for Science and Technology, regarding
inter-industry scientific-technical
complexes, which are being created
in line with a resolution of the Com-
munist Party Central Committee and
the USSR Council of Ministers.*
Calling the inter-industry scien-
tific-technical complex (MNTK) a
fundamentally new form of integrating
science and industry, Marchuk ex-
plained that their role is to work
on the realization of promising
ideas of basic science and the ad-
vancement of new technologies that
have applications in more than one
industry. The complexes are intended
to overcome difficulties with intro-
ducing new technology that are due
to the fact that ministries and
agencies tend to show favoritism for
developments that suit the needs of
only their industries. He said that
although the complexes will operate
within existing ministries, the ma-
jority of them will be directed by
institutes of the USSR Academy of
*See the Daily SNAP, December 27,
1985, p. 4, col. 1
(continued next column)
Sciences, which will act as chief
organizations. In some complexes,
the chief organization may be an in-
dustry institute, and in this case
the industry institute's superior
ministry will be responsible for the
complex. The State Committee for
Science and Technology (GKNT) will
coordinate the work of the Academy
of Sciences, ministries and other
agencies on the creation and opera-
tion of MKNT's. GKNT will determine
the types of equipment, materials
and technologies for which it con-
siders it advisable to create an
MKNT for their accelerated develop-
ment. Officially, MKNT's are to be
established or reorganized- at. the
decision of the USSR.Council of Min-
isters, which will approve the.list
of organizations of various minis-
tries which will take part,. The
complexes will operate under five-
year and annual plans which will be
unified for all organizations of a
complex. Each complex will be re-
sponsible for coordinating all work
in its field in. the country.
Marchuk went on to explain that
on the advice of GKNT, the USSR
State Planning Committee will in-
clude the products of each MNTK into
the state plan of production.. The
products may be experimental models,
or small series of new machines,
equipment or materials. At the same
time, industrial enterprises will be
-designated to make preparations for
mass production of the equipment or
materials if they show good results
in trials of small series of them.
Marchuk noted that the directors of
MNTK's will possess considerable ad-
ministrative authority. For example
the USSR State Supply Committee is
supposed to be responsive in filling
not only long-term but also short-
term orders for materials and equip-
ment received from these directors.
Among MNTK's that are being cre-
ated with an institute of the Acade-
my of Sciences as the chief organ-
ization, Marchuk named the MNTK
"Svetovod" for development of fiber
optics, MNTK "Biogen" for biotech-
nology, and ones called "Nadezhnost'
mashin" (machine reliability) and
"Katalizator" (catalyst). Among
complexes with an industry institute
at the top, he named MNTK "Robot",
which is being created in the Ministry
2 (continued next page)
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of the Machine Tool. and. Tool Indus-
try, with the ctrl: organization be-
ing the min-ie?tr*s Experimental Scien-
tific Research Institute of Metal-
Cutting Machines. Some MNTK's are
being created by two agencies. For
example, the USSR Academy of Sciences
and the Ministry of the Electrical
Equipment Industry are organizing
MNTK "Lazernaya tekhnologiya", whose
chief organization will be the acad-
emy's Scientific Research Cneter for
Industrial Lasers and its experiment-
al production facility. The ministry
will make available an experimental
plant and a design bureau. This
complex is to develop robot-equipped
laser technological complexes for
various industries.
Initially, 16 MNTK's are being
created. Among others mentioned by
Marchuk are MNTK "Personal'nyye EVM"
(personal computers), MNTK "Rotor",
which will work on rotary and rotary-
conveyor production lines, an.d the
MNTK based at the Ukrainian Academy
of Sciences' Institute of Electric
Welding imeni Paton, which will de-
velop equipment and processes for
welding, soldering, applying coat-
ings, and special electrometallurgy..
Author: Sidorov, M.
Title: SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS MONI-
TORING OF STEEL-MELTING PARAMETERS
Primary source: NTR: problemy i re-
sheniya, December 3-16, 1985, No. 14,
p. 2, cols. 1-3
Extract: The first system for pre-
cise, continuous monitoring of steel-
melting parameters has been intro-
duced at the "Azovstal'" complex.
This system, the "FTIAN-3", was
developed and produced at the spe-
cial design bureau of the USSR Acade-
my of Sciences' Physical-Technical
Institute imeni'Io.ffe. The system
continuously determines the carbon
content in melts of metal and the
metal's temperature at the comple-
tion of melting, with high precision.
This has been a problem up until
now. Its solution promises the suc-
cessful elimination of one of the
main technological difficulties for
converter operators: melting steel
of a prescribed chemical composition
and temperature in the time allotted
by the process.
(continued next column) 3
...It was October of 1985. In
the oxygen-converter shop of the
"Azovstal'" metallurgical complex,
all was in readiness for industrial
trials of the "FTIAN-3" system.
Present in the shop were academician
V. M. Tuchkevich, head of the group
of scientists which developed the
system; Doctor of Technical Sciences
P. I. Yugov, representing a group of
metallurgy researchers; and person-
nel of the complex.
The melt was finished. "They
passed the analysis," said the op-
erator, glancing at, the screen of a
video terminal. This meant that the
chemical. composition and temperature
of the melted steel met the specifi-
cations of the brand that.-had been
ordered.
Petr Ivanovich Yugov, head of a
laboratory of the Central Scientific
Research Institute of Ferrous Metal-
lurgy,. commented briefly:
"By facilitating the work of ope-
rators, the system permits consider-
able savings of energy resources,
more precise observance of the com-
position of brands of steel, and
more complete filling of metal users'
orders."
Enterprises of the Ministry of
Instrument Building, Means of Auto-
mation and Control Systems which
have received the assignment of pro-
ducing the "FTIAN-3" system will be-
gin supplying the systems to con-
verter shops of ferrous- and nonfer-
rous-metallurgy enterprises early in
the next 5-year plan.
Author: Rasskazov, V., Candidate of
Biological Sciences, deputy director
of the Pacific Institute of Bioor-
ganic Chemistry
Title: WORK ON OBTAINING MEDICAL
PREPARATIONS FROM MARINE LIFE
Primary source: NTR: problemy i re-
sheniya, December 3-16, 1985, No. 14,
p. 4, cols. 2-4
Extract: The Pacific Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry (TIBOKH) of the
USSR Academy of Sciences' Far East
Research Center is one of the insti-
tutions in whose laboratories stud-
ies are being made of compounds ob-
tained from marine animals and plants.
(continued next page)
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MSGNO 125-(FBXX) *01/27/86* *22:32:07.3.2*
ZCZC 03'28:22Z (FB)
EMI DTG : 86012720353704
UNCLASSIFIED
RTTUZYUW RUDOMKA3091 0272238 MTMS-UUUU--RUEBHAA.
R 271852Z JAN 86
FM FBIS LONDON UK
TO RUTLAAA/FBIS WASHINGTON DC
RUCLAKA/CDR4THPSYOPGP FT BRAGG NC//SB//
RUDOMKB/FBIS LONDON UK//BBC//
RUEBHAA/STORAGE CENTER FBIS WASHINGTON DC
RUEKJCS/DEFINTAGNCY WASH DC
RUFHVOA/VOA MUNICH GE
ACCT FBLD-EWDK
BT'
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UNCLAS 3R 8J
EZ2:
ATTN BBC PRESS
COPY TO UD
SUBJ FAX
REF LD202357 MOSCOW DOMESTIC RUSSIAN 201600 -- MOSCOW: COUNCIL OF
MINISTERS FORMS MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
REF LD201536 MOSCOW DOMESTIC RUSSIAN 201500 -- USSR: CPSU CENTRAL
COMMITTEE CREATES SCIENTIFIC COMPLEXES
TAKE 1 OF 3 -- IZVESTIYA CITES VARIOUS GOVERNMENT RESOLUTIONS
PM271852.
MOSCOW IZVESTIYA IN RUSSIAN 23 JAN 86 MORNING EDITION P 2
((TASS REPORT: "OFFICIAL SECTION"))
((TEXT)) INTERSECTOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES
((SUBHEAD))
THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE AND THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
HAVE ADOPTED A RESOLUTION "ON THE CREATION OF INTERSECTOR
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES.AND MEASURES TO BACK UP. THEIR
ACTIVITY." '
THE RESOLUTION DEEMS IT NECESSARY TO CREATE INTERSECTOR
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES IN THE MAIN AVENUES OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS ORIENTED TOWARD THE PERFORMANCE
OF THE ENTIRE CYCLE OF WORK ON THE CREATION AND THE ASSIMILATION IN
PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT TYPES OF EQUIPMENT AND NEW
GENERATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS. THESE COMPLEXES SHOULD
CONSIST OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY
ORGANIZATIONS, AND EXPERIMENTAL ENTERPRISES.
IT IS DETERMINED THAT THE INTERSECTOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
COMPLEXES ARE NATIONAL UMBRELLA ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE RESOLUTION OF
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TASKS ASSIGNED TO THESE COMPLEXES. THEY
ENSURE: THE IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF NATIONAL
FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN, AND
TECHNOLOGICAL WORK ON THE CREATION OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT TYPES OF
EMI DTG : 86012720353704
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EMI DTG : 86012720353704
EQUIPMENT, T8MWLOGY, AND MATERIALS; THE MANUFACTURE OF
EXPERIME2, PROTOTYPES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR SERIES
PRODUCTIO JOINTLY WITH MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS; THE PREPARATION
OF DRAFT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRAMS FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT
NATIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS AND ALSO OF 5-YEAR AND ANNUAL PLANS FOR
THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK;
COOPERATION BY MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS IN THE HIGHLY EFFICIENT
UTILIZATION AND FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF THE TYPES OF EQUIPMENT,
TECHNOLOGY, AND MATERIALS DEVELOPED BY THE COMPLEXES; AND THE
IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF NATIONAL RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT ON RELEVANT TARGETS SET BY THE COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM
FOR CEMA COUNTRIES' SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS THROUGH THE
YEAR 2000.
WITH A VIEW TO PROMOTING THE LARGE-SCALE INTRODUCTION OF HIGHLY
EFFICIENT TYPES OF EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGY, AND MATERIALS IN THE
NATIONAL ECONOMY, IT HAS BEEN DEEMED EXPEDIENT TO SET UP
ENGINEERING CENTERS AS DONE BY THE UKRAINIAN SSR ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES, INCLUDING, WHENEVER NECESSARY, AS PART OF INTERSECTOR
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES.
THE USSR GOSPLAN, USSR MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS, AND UNION
REPUBLIC COUNCILS OF MINISTERS HAVE BEEN INSTRUCTED WHEN DRAWING UP
5-YEAR AND ANNUAL PLANS TO MAKE PROVISION FOR THE BROAD UTILIZATION
OF NEW TYPES OF EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGY, AND MATERIALS DEVELOPED BY
INTERSECTOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES IN THE NATIONAL
ECONOMY.
ON MEASURES TO RETAIN CADRES IN LIGHT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
((SUBHEAD))
THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS HAS ADOPTED A RESOLUTION ON
ADDITIONAL MEASURES FOR THE RETENTION OF CADRES IN PRODUCTION
ASSOCIATIONS AND ENTERPRISES OF THE TAILORING, FOOTWEAR, LEATHER,
AND KNITWEAR INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE USSR MINISTRY OF LIGHT INDUSTRY
SYSTEM.
(MORE) 23 JAN AZ/BENNETT/JW 27/2243Z JAN
BT
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III. 20 Dec 85
rt31S- 5cQ-6T-Z,tS S"1"C. 02-71-
The new, more sophisticated management methods tested in
industry have helped to improve the economic indicators of the
sectors' work, particularly in the second half of this year. The
question of making the transition from the experiment to the
extensive practical application of the new management methods,
which have justified themselves in practice, is now on the agenda.
From as early as 1987, the whole of the country's industry will
operate under the new conditions, and during the 12th 5-Year
Plan period other sectors of the economy will join in.
Resolving the socioeconomic tasks that the party has assigned to
the Soviet people requires of every Communist and every Soviet
person a thorough, thoughtful approach to economic matters, a
new perception of problems, and an awareness of his great
personal responsibility for the sector entrusted to him. Party
organizations are expected to cultivate in economic leaders such
qualities as competence and the ability to truthfully and critically
evaluate what has been achieved, fulfill plans not at any price but
with the least possible expenditure of resources, everywhere
inculcate the Leninist style. of economic management, and
reorient economic thinking.
The CPSU Central Committee April (1985) Plenum noted the
necessity to introduce the financial autonomy system more
widely and to bring it to all primary work cells and every work
place. It is important to work out effective measures to purge the
distributive mechanism of wage-levelling, unearned income, and
everything at variance with the economic norms and moral ideals
of our society, and also to ensure the direct dependence of every
worker's and every collective's material position on the results of
their work.
During the nationwide discussion of precongress documents, with
every passing day socialist competition to speed up production
growth rates and to worthily greet the 27th CPSU congress is
spreading. In the conditions of able management and its constant,
rapid improvement, Soviet people will achieve new success in
economic development and further growth in their well-being.
Marchuk Describes New Intersecter Complexes
AV 181241 Moscow !ZVEST!YA in Russian 17 Dec 85
Morning Edition p 3
[Interview with Academician Guriy Ivanovich Marchuk, deputy
chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers and chairman of the
USSR State Committee for Science and technology, by B.
Konovalov, under the rubric "IZVESTI'YA interview":
"Highways of Progress" - date, place of interview not given]
[Text] [Konovalov] The CPSU Central Committee and USSR
Council of Ministers have adopted a resolution on creating
intersector scientific and technical complexes and on measures
to provide for their activity. Guriy Ivanovich, what has given rise
to the need to create this new form of scientific and technical
oranizations? What is their main task?
[Marchuk] Attention to scientific and technical progress is now
becoming increasingly keen. This progress must be the main
"motive force" along the path of intensification. At the same time
we often see how the implementation of promising ideas from
fundamental science and the development of fundamentally new
avenues give rise to technology which does not fit comfortably
into the established framework of ministries and departments.
This causes tremendous difficulties in the development of new
avenues, because ministries devote most attention to those devel-
opments which entirely serve only their own sectors. And the
state suffers major losses because of delays in the development
of operations which could produce huge savings in many sectors
of the national economy. Intersector scientific and technical
complexes (ISTV's) are intended to eliminate these difficulties
and ensure accelerated development of the most important ave-
nues at a leading world level.
In the first instance, 16 intersector scientific and technical com-
plexes have been set up. Thus, for instance, an ISTC has been
organized based on the well-known Ye.O. Paton Electric Weld-
ing Institute of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. It is
set the task of developing technology and equipment for welding,
surfacing, soldering, the application of coatings, and specialized
electrometallurgy. As early as the 12th 5-Year Plan, the country
should see a saving of millions of tons of ferrous metals and the
national release of tens of thousands of workers through the
introduction of developments.
Our country's own inventions of rotary and rotary conveyor
production lines created under the leadership of Academician
L.N. Koshkin are very promising for the mass production of
many types of output by automated methods. Rotary lines ensure
the comprehensive mechanization of manufacturing processes.
By this means at least half the production area is saved compared
with conventional technology, while labor productivity increases
at least fourfold. And the creation of the "Toro" ISTC will give
a powerful impetus to the development of technology which is
important for many sectors.
There are avenues which need special attention and the speedy
unification of the separate efforts of individual institutes and
design bureaus. This task, for instance, is set for the "Personal
Computers" ISTC. It is necessary rapidly to create a range of
modern microcomputers up to a high world standard so that
industry can begin producing them for mass use in the 12th
5-Year Plan.
These examples show that the first 16 ISTC's cover a relatively
wide range of problems. The most important thing is that the
priority avenues are being signaled out, avenues where a
"breakthrough" should ensure a rapid advance along the entire
national economic "front."
[Konovalov] Will the ISTC'd be autonomous organizations, or
will they form part of some department? Who is to monitor their
activity and who will determine the need for the creation of new
organizations of this kind?
[Marchuk] The new organizations are to operate within the
established framework of ministries and departments. The nuclei
of the majority of them - or more precisely the organizations in
charge [golovnyye], - will be institutes of the USSR Academy
of Sciences, because it is here that new intersector avenues which
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need to be.accelerated most-frequently : arise. ISTC's being set up
under the USSR Academyoof Sciences include, for instance, the
"Svetovod" for the rapid development of fiber optics, "Biogen,"
which is to deal with the problems of bioengineering, "Machine
Reliability," "Catalyst," and others. .
But sector institutes could also serve as the nuclei of ISTC's: In
that case not the Academy of Sciences, but the relevant ministry
would be responsible for the complex, although, of course, work
would be done- in the interests of all sectors. Foctinstance, the
"Robot" ISTC is being set up under the Ministry of the Machine
Tool and Tool Building Industry. The organization in charge of
this ISTC will be the Ministry of.the Machine Tool and Tool
Building Industry's Experimental Scientific Research Institute
of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools. It is to head all work in the
country on the creation of robotized complexes and flexible
.automated -systems for the modernization of mechanical
proceesing and assembly, work which promises a 50-150 percent
increase in labor productivity. The possibility is also opened up,
on the basis of this technology, of changing rapidly from the
production of one type of output to another, which is of tremen-
dous significance today.
An ISTC organized by a ministry will have its own specific
features as compared with an "academy".ISTC. For-instance,
the "Nefteotdacha" ISTC of the Ministry of the Petroleum
Industry must not only create improved systems for the exploita-
tion of oil deposits and efficient techniques for working.produc-
tive deposits so as to ensure the fuller recovery of oil and gas; it
must also. make use of them immediately in experiments at
existing oilfields.
Certain ISTC's are being set up by two departments. For
instance, the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of
the Electrical Equipment Industry are together organizing the
"Laser Technology" ISTC. The organization in charge will be
the USSR Academy of Sciences scientific research center for
industrial lasers with experimental production facilities, while
the Ministry of the Electrical Equipment Industry will be repre-
sented by as experimiental plant with a design bureau. Their
joint task is the creation of laser robotized manufacturing com-
plexes and processes and their application in the processing of
materials in various sectors of industry.
Coordination of the work of the USSR Academy of Sciences and
ministries and departments in the creation and effective activity
of ISTC's is entrusted to the USSR State Committee for Science
and Technology. It must define those highly efficient types of
technology, processes, and materials whose creation could be
accelerated through the formation of an ISTC.
It has been determined that JSTC's are to be created and
reorganized by the USSR Council of Ministers. They are to work
to 5-year and 1-year plans which will be integrated for all the
organizations belonging to an ISTC. Every year they will report
to the government.
The ISTC is entrusted with the coordination of all work in its
sphere in the country, and it will fulfill the role of organization
in charge. In addition, the ISTC is to carry out and coordinate
fundamental research and development work in accordance with
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
the relevant targets of the comprehensive program for scientific
and technical progress of the CEMA countries.
Other very important innovations are also planned, which will be
given their final, detailed form in the standrad provisions govern-
ing ISTC's. All the departments concerned will begin work on
this at once.
[Konovalov] All the same,.one of the chief bottlenecks for existing
scientific research organizations is the weakness of the experi-
mental base. Because of this, they are often unable to bring their
developments up to a standard acceptable to industry That' is
why the June conference at the CPSU Central Committee on
questions of accelerating scientific and technical progress raised
the question of merging isntitutes which industrial enterprises.
How is this problem resolved within the framework of ISTC's?
What will their structure be?
[Marchuk] There is no single, standard solution. In the first
instance we tried to select as the organization in charge a
sufficiently powerful institute with its own design bureau and
experimental production facilities To some extent the prototype
ISTC was the Ye.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute. In
essence, it had already become an intersector complex. In addi-
tion to its scientific subunits, it had an experimental design and
technological bureau, an experimental production facility, trial
plants for welding equipment and specialized metallurgy, and
also a specialized design and 'technological bureau for metal-
working by explosives, with an experimental production facility.
This institute complex will now be reinforced by the fact that a
whole series of additional scientific and production subunits of
various ministries and departments will be taking part in its-work.
We tried to form other ISTC's on the same principle. In principle,
the complexes must without fail include scientific research,
planning, and design organizations and experimental production
facilities (which will be strengthened in every way). The ISTC is
permitted to organize engineering centers for preparing the
models of machinery which are being developed for mass intro-
duction, as well as regional scientific and technical centers.
Certain academic institutes have raised the question of the
transfer to their jurisdiction of existing mass production plants
to carry out experimental work and organize not only small
series, but mass production of new technology. After discussions,
it was deemed inexpedient to entrust to the Academy of Sciences
economic tasks not appropriate to it associated with the organiza-
tion of mass production and the fulfillment of the national
eocnomic plan for series production and with the complex
restructuring of enterprises to produce new output.
[Konovalov] Guriy Ivanovich, there are many examples where
intersector academic developments have been brought up to a
good standard; but nevertheless, industry does not take them up
for mass production. If ministries display such inertia now, why
should they suddenly lose it and start actively taking up the
developments put forward by the ISTC's?
[Marchuk] Intersector complexes are a fundamentally new form
of integration of science and industry. The process of their
interaction will be placed on a compulsory basis. The USSR
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Council of Ministers not only determines, but also approves the
list of organizations of 'carious ministries and departments taking
part in the work of the ISTC's on a compulsory basis.
On the submission of the State Committee for Science and
Technology, the USSR Gosplan will incorporate in the state plan
for those organizations the production of output on the basis of
the documentation of the ISTC's. This could mean experimental
models or small series of new machines, equipment, or materials.
At the same time, industrial enterprises will prepare for the mass
production of new technology or materials if they do well in the-
tests on the small series.
The USSR Gosplan, receiving annual information on the degree
of readiness of a new development of importance to the country,
will determine which enterprises will take the "baton of introduc-
tion into practice" from the ISTC's and start mass production on
the scale the country needs.
We are aware that not everything will go smoothly at once. But
this way of organizing intersector developments, whereby the
coworkers remain, so to speak, where they are, is simpler than a
complicated organizational restructuring. For instance, the
development of new, highly selective polymer membranes which
filter new types of elements and of technologies for the membrane
separation of liquid and gaseous media is entrusted to the "Mem-
branes" ISTC of the Ministry of the Chemical Industry. This is
a progressive new avenue; and its successful development
requires the involvement of organizations of the Ministry of
Chemical and Petroleum Machine Building, the Ministry of the
Timber, Pulp and Paper, and Wood processing Industry, the
Ministry of Light Industry, and the Ministry of Higher and
Secondary Specialized Education. If they were all to be assem-
bled under "one roof," it would take a great deal of time and
effort. But with the help of the ISTC, it will be possible even
without that to carry out work relatively efficiently, in coordina-
tion.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
Let us add that the director of the ISTC will have considerable
administrative rights. It is envisaged, for instance, that the USSR
Gossnab will receive from him not only long-term, but also
immediate claims for the provision of the necessary material and
technical resources for the ISTC.
(Konovalovj One last question. New technology needs trained
cadres; otherwise the most sophisticated machine can be discred-
ited because of unskilled use. And the specialist training cycle in
VUZes take 5-6 years. How can this contradiction be elimi-
nated?
[Marchuk) VUZes are already becoming part of many ISTC's.
They will certainly train specialists for new scientific and tech-
nical avenues. The ISTC itself, as the main coordinator of work
in its sphere, is to define the demands which will be made on the
specialists who will have to work with the new technology. Its
task is to work out a kind of "profile" of the necessary specialists.
On the basis of this, the USSR Ministry of Higher and Secondary
Specialized Education will organize new student training speci-
alities.
As developments come closer to series production, since they will
always be under the control of state organs, it is relatively easy
to provide for the reorientation of the relevant VUZes, technical
colleges, and vocational and technical schools.
It is clear that the chain must be complete: scientific research,
experimental design development, testing, mass production, and
cadre training. We can and must make full use of the advantages
of the planning system to ensure the rapid introduction into
practice of technology, techniques, and materials of an intersec-
tor nature which are important to the country.
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HI. 24 Feb N
" . 031 0 3q
SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS U I
Maneuver Corrects Orbit of `Mist' Station
LD241106 Moscow TASS In Eng+ifab 1103 GMT 24 Feb 86
[Text] Moscow, February 24 TASS -The flight of the scientific
station "Mir" is going on. The station was launched into a
near-earth orbit on February 20, 1986.
In accordance. with the planned program, control check-ups of
on-board systems and plants are being carried out in various
conditions of controlled flight.
A maneuver to correct the orbit of the station "Mir" was effected
in the past days. The parameters of the orbit after the maneuver
are as follows: the maximum distance from the earth's surface
- 352 km, the minimum distance from the earth's surface -
324 km, orbital period - 91.6 minutes, inclination - 51.6
degrees.
According to telemetric data, the on-board systems of the orbital
station "Mir" are functioning normally.
Velikhov Opens New Laser Research Center
LD230250 Moscow Television Service in Russian 1530 GMT 22
Feb 86
[T. Komarova report; from the "Vremya" newscast]
[Excerpts] The first scientific research center for technological
lasers belonging to the USSR Academy of Sciences has opened
in the town of Shatura in Moscow Oblast.
The laser easily cuts out sheet steel. It performs precision oper-
ations on the eyes. It works on atoms and molecules, and it is
moving out of the field of scientific instruments and into the field
of production tools.
"Laser" is the name of the scientific and technical complex which
has just opened. The builders hand over the key to Comrade
Velikhov, vice president of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He,
in turn, hands it over to those who are to master production that
is new in principle. [Video shows opening ceremony with Velikhov
passing over a large imitation key]
[Begin Velikhov recording] This center is the main part of an
interdepartmental compleoc dealing with technological lasers.
Works, institutes, and design bureaus of the Ministry of the
Electrical Equipment Industry are participating in it. The center
is our center. We feel that through setting up of this kind of
complex we can increase the program for the output of lasers 1.5-
2 times over the 5-year plan period. But, at the same time, we
also must immediately achieve progress both in the technology
and in the science: We must, therefore, develop a new genera-
tion of lasers. [end recording]
Soil Probing Equipment-Odessa, February 19 TASS-The
builders of port and harbour facilities in the Soviet Yuzhnyy port
on the Black Sea will not have to as a research laboratory for
services. The necessary data about soil characteristics at a depth
of about 50 metres in the area of quays under construction is
given by statistic probing equipment designed by Soviet
Ukrainian scientists. The name of the equipment "Igla-I"
(Needle-1) corresponds to its appearance. A steel tip packed with
sensitive pick-ups goes down into the bottom of the shelf under
the pressure of a hydraulic press. When sinking, it sends signals
to registering instruments. Using that information, an expert
calculates the resistance of the soil and its ability to withstand
loads weighing many tons, gives recommendations about the
depth and design of the foundation. The small compact device
considerably accelerates and cuts the cost of research. It can be
speedily installed in any craft. [Text] [Moscow TASS in English
1034 GMT 19 Feb 86 LD]
Atomic Cargo Ship Launched - Kiev, February 20 TASS -
The world's first ocean-going lighter- and container-carrier
with an atomic power plant was launched today at a shipyard in
Kerch, a port in southern Ukraine. The first of a series of ships
intended for service in Arctic seas, it was named Sevmorput. This
atomic-powered ship has a specially reinforced hull and a ram to
cope with ice fields a metre thick. It will take on deck and into
its holds more than 70 lighters - barges without an engine
having a draught of up to 1.5 metres and capable of carrying 500
tons. The ship's crane will lower them overboard or lift them out
of the water at any point of the Siberian and Far Eastern coast.
The final construction stage of the ship has begun. After a
shakedown cruise Sevmorput will be handed over to the USSR
Ministry of the Merchant Marine already this year. [Text]
[Moscow TASS in English 2017 GMT 20 Feb 86 LD]
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Ill. 14 Feb 86
td. &34 ~?~~b3Z
AES, GES Units Butt at `Priority Rates'
LD131022 Moscow TASS In English 1001 GMT 13 Feb 86
[Text] Moscow, February 13 TASS - The bulk of the increment
in the Soviet Union's electricity generation this year will be
yielded by atomic and hydro-power stations, which are being
built at priority rates. While previously atomic power stations
were built from individual projects, now standardized designs are
used and serial equipment is installed. This helps to contract
considerably construction schedules.
Commenting on these trends, Stanislav Sadovskiy, first deputy
minister of power engineering and electrification, told TASS that
the total electricity generation of the USSR last year grew by
four per cent to reach 1,545 billion kilowatt hours. The share of
atomic power stations was 10 per cent and kept rapidly growing
as a I,000,000 kw reactor was put into operation at the Balakovo
atomic power station on the Volga river and. new generating units
went on stream at the Zaporozhye station in the Ukraine and at
the Smolensk atomic power plant in central Russia. The Cher-
nobyl and Kursk atomic power stations reached the capacity of
4 million kw each.
Six nuclear generating units with a capacity of 1,000,000 kw each
will go into operation this year. All in all, electricity generation
by the atomic power stations will grow by 19 per cent this year.
As for the construction of hydro-power stations, they are now
getting large 640,000 kw generating units. The Sayano-
Shushenskoye hydro-power station, the largest in Eurasia, has
reached its full capacity of 6.4 million kw. The energy generating
potential of the country has grown considerably as a result.
The guidelines for the economic and social development of the
USSR to the end of the century also attach priority to atomic
power and hydro-power stations. Electricity generation by the
atomic power stations alone is to grow by at least 400.600 per
cent by the year 2000.
The Soviet Union will save 80 million tons of valuable fossil fuel
thanks to the growth of power generation by the atomic and
hydro-power plants in the next five years. This is 20 per cent more
than the entire increment in oil and coal production in the country
during the period.
Fiber Optics Department Research Work Reported
LD 121402 [Editorial Report] Moscow Television Service in Rus-
sian at 1530 GMT on 9 February carries a 1.5 minute T.
Komarova video report from the USSR Academy of Sciences
General Physics Institute Fiber Optics Department. Komarova
opens her report by saying that the department is conducting
research work into improving the quality of glass fibers, with the
video showing a metal ring being held by a thin glass thread, and
a glass fiber being immersed in a vat of liquid nitrogen.
Komarova points out that glass fibers can retain their properties
at low temperatures, such as in liquid nitrogen, at a temperature
of minus 70 degrees, and that they retain their durability under
stress. The video shows a fiber conducting red light, and also fiber
being wound onto a drum. Komarova says that such qualities are
SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS
those demanded of glass fiber by industry so they can be laid
underground in cables to transmit a flow of information.
Continuing her report, Komarova says that the research depart-
ment team, led by Professor (Dianin), the head of department,
has been testing the strength of glass fiber. It can take a strain
of 6 kilograms. The video shows Professor (Dianin) talking to
research workers, and a glass fiber being stretched, with a scale
showing a reading of 7.5 kilograms. Komarova says that a quartz
glass fiber thread with a diameter of 125 microns has been
installed in a multistorey building at a temperature chosen to
preserve the sterility of the installation, and that the light tube
[svetovod] satisfies the demands of industry. The video shows
pipes and tubes, followed by a brief shot of glass fiber thread
being installed, cutting to a visual display unit displaying the
word 'Svetovod' in green letters.
Komarova then conducts a video interview with -Academician
A.M. Prokhorov, the institute director. Komarova first notes that
vetov applies to an interindustrial complex which aims to
create a chain linking scientific processes from the basic research
stage down to the introduction of achievements into production.
She then asks Prokhorov why the institute's program falls outside
this complex, to which Prokhorov answers that the creation of
forefront technology is a complex process, with many ways to
solve it. Prokhorov goes on to say: We have our own ideas of
how this should be done. In the process of our work we are
creating optic fibers, which we pass to various establishments
making systems based on optic fibers - communication systems,
information systems, televisual systems. Prokhorov touches on
the links between research departments and industrial enter-
prises, pointing out that there is no real form of scientific com-
petition, and that competition such as it is, is minimal. Prokhorov
concludes by saying: There is no particularly acute competi-
tion, we simply go different ways. This is important in solving
problems to the maximum degree.
Comparison of Report on Tajik Earthquake .
Comparison of the item "Force 3-4 Earthquake Registered in
Tadzhikistan" which appeared in the Soviet Union DAILY
REPORT National Affairs Supplement on 12 February on page
U 1 with an unnamed TASS correspondent report carried by
Moscow KOMSOMOLSKAYA PRAVDA in Russian on 12
February on page 4 under the headline "Underground Tremor"
reveals the following variation:
Penultimate line, KOMSOMOLSKA YA PRA VDA reads "...was
at a depth of 180 km." (changing "distance" to "depth" and
deleting editorial notation)
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REF PM041616 MOSCOW PRAVDA RUSSIAN 3 MAR///HAS NOT HAPPENED.
TAKE 2 OF 4 -- USSR: NOVOSIBIRSK'S FILATOV ADDRESSES CPSU CONGRESS
PM061618
((TEXT)) AT THE END OF LAST YEAR THE SCIENTISTS OF THE USSR
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SIBERIAN DEPARTMENT SUCCEEDED, AS A RESULT OF
GREAT PERISTENCE, IN SECURING AN AGREEMENT ON THE INCLUSION IN THE
STATE AND SECTORIAL PLANS OF ABOUT 130 MAJOR COMPLETED PIECES OF
WORK WHICH, GIVEN WIDESPREAD INTRODUCTION, COULD ANNUALLY YIELD
SAVINGS OF HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF RUBLES. BUT FOR APPROXIMATELY A
SIMILAR NUMBER OF DEVELOPMENTS THE QUESTIONS OF THEIR
IMPLEMENTATION IN THE 12TH 5-YEAR PLAN PERIOD REMAIN FOR THE TIME
BEING ALTOGETHER OPEN.
SUCH INSTANCES MUST MAKE US SEEK WAYS MORE PERSISTENTLY FOR THE
EFFICIENT COOPERATION OF CENTRAL AND LOCAL ORGANS OF MANGEMENT,
ESPECIALLY ON QUESTIONS OF ACCELERATING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
PROGRESS AND OF ENHANCING THE ROLE OF PLANNING ORGANS. AT THE SAME
TIME NEW AND MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENCE
AND PRACTICAL WORK MUST BE SOUGHT AND FOUND. AND ALTHOUGH THE
OBLAST PARTY ORGANIZATION HAS ALREADY DISCOVERED MANY
ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS FOR IMPROVING THE MACHINERY OF LINKS BETWEEN
SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION WHICH HAVE PROVED THEIR WORTH, MANY PROBLEMS
REMAIN HERE. ABOVE ALL, NOT ALL SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIVES AND THEIR
PARTY ORGANIZATIONS ARE YET OPERATING WITH THE NECESSARY
EFFECTIVENESS NOR ARE THEY STRUGGLING SUFFICIENTLY PERSISTENTLY FOR
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THEIR PROPOSALS. THE DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL
PRODUCTION BASE -- AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF THE MATERIALIZATION OF
IDEAS AND FOR THE ACCELRATION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF SCIENTISTS'
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DEVELOPMENTS, ALL THE WAY THROUGH TO THEIR MASS DISSEMINATION -- IS
BEING BUILT UP ONLY SLOWLY.
THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY OF THE COUNTRY'S COLLECTIVES, AND ABOVE
ALL OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ATTESTS TO THE HIGH
EFFECTIVENESS OF UNIFYING SUBDIVISIONS WHICH CARRY OUT FUNDAMENTAL
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, THE DESIGN ANALYSIS OF NEW SOLUTIONS, AND THE
PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL BATCHES OF MATERIALS, INSTRUMENTS, AND
MACHINES. SUCH EXPERIENCE ALSO EXISTS IN NOVOSIBIRSK.
THE UTILIZATION IN NEW FLOWLINES AT ENTERPRISES OF THE
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY OF POWERFUL ELECTRON ACCELERATORS AND
OTHER UNIQUE ELECTROPHYSICAL EQUIPMENT DEVELOPED AND BUILT BY THE
USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SIBERIAN DEPARTMENT INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR
PHYSICS HAS YIELDED DURING THE YEARS OF THE 11TH 5-YEAR PLAN AN
ECONOMIC SAVING TOTALING MORE THAN R250 MILLION. BUT THIS SAVING
WOULD BE IMMEASURABLY GREATER IF THE AFOREMENTIONED EQUIPMENT WERE
TO BE PUT INTO SERIES PRODUCTION AND USED IN MANY SECTORS.
UNFORTUNATELY NEGOTIATIONS OVER MANY YEARS WITH THE MINISTRY OF. THE
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY CONCERNING THE ORGANIZATION OF THE
SERIES PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ELECTRON ACCELERATORS AT ITS
ENTERPRISES LOCATED IN NOVOSIBIRSK HAVE SO FAR LED TO NOTHING.
SURELY THE DISCUSSION OF THE IMPERFECTION OF LINKS BETWEEN
SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION CANNOT BE CONDUCTED AD INFINITUM? AFTER
ALL, BECUASE OF A LACK OF VESTED INTEREST AND SOMETIMES BECAUSE OF
THE INDIFFERENCE OF CERTAIN ECONOMIC LEADERS AND PASSIVITY ON THE
PART OF SPECIALISTS, TOO MUCH EFFORT HAS TO BE SPENT ON "PUSHING
THROUGH" TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN
BROUGHT INTO BEING AND PROVEN IN PRACTICE.
WHILE INCREASING THE PARTY'S DEMANDS ON THE LEADERS OF
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS REGARDING
THE FRUITFULNESS OF THEIR WORK, IT IS , AT THE SAME TIME, OUR TASK
TO NURTURE A SENSE OF VERY GREAT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE UTILIZATION
OF THE LATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF SOVIET SCIENCE AMONG LEADERS OF ALL
RANKS.
THE PARTY CENTRAL COMMITTEE DECISION ON THE CREATION OF
INTERSE(TORIAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMPLEXES, WHICH WAS
MENTIONED IN THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE POLITICAL REPORT, IS AN
IMPORTANT STEP ALONG THE PATH OF INTEGRATING SCIENCE AND
PRODUCTION. ONE SUCH COMPLEX -- "KATALIZATOR" -- IS HEADED BY OUR
USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SIBERIAN DEPARTMENT INSTITUTE OF
CATALYSIS. AS APPLIED TO NOVOSIBIRSK, THIS FORM REVEALS THE
OPPORTUNITY TO SET UP INTERSECTORIASL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
COMPLEXES SUCH AS "RADIATSIYA," "MIKROFOTOELEKTRONIKA," "IMPULSNYYE
MASHINY," AND "AVTOMATIKA," FOR WHICH THE APPROPRIATE PROPOSALS
HAVE ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY, ON THE BASIS OF THE ACADEMY INSTITUTES AND WITH THE
INCLUSION IN THEM OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND DESIGN
BUREAUS OF THE SO-CALLED PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS "ZONE" (("POYAS"
VNEDRENIYA)) WHICH EXISTS HERE, AND ON THE BASIS OF CERTAIN
ENTERPRISES.
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SPEAKING OF THE PROBLEMS OF ACCELERATING SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNICAL PROGRESS WE, OF COURSE, ARE IN NO WAY INCLINED TO
MINIMIZE OUR SHORTCOMINGS AND OUR ROLE IN OVERCOMING SHORTCOMINGS.
WE FULLY SUPPORT THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE POLITICAL REPORT'S
PROPOSITONS THAT SUCCESS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAMS
OUTLINED, AND ABOVE ALL THE PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
PROGRESS, WILL LARGELY DEPEND ON THE CREATION OF AN ATMOSPHERE OF
CREATIVITY, DEMANDINGNESS, THE IMPROVEMENT OF CADRE TRAINING, AND
THE FURTHER ENHANCEMENT OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING AND OF THE
EVERYDAY LIFE OF OUR PEOPLE.
(MORE) 3 MAR JENNINGS/DP 04/1953Z MAR
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MOSCOW: ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VICE PRESIDENT ADDRESSES CONGRESS
LD031632
MOSCOW DOMESTIC SERVICE IN RUSSIAN 1030 GMT 3 MAR 86
((SPEECH BY K.V. FROLOV, VICE PRESIDENT OF THE USSR ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES, TO 27TH CPSU CONGRESS IN MOSCOW -- DATE NOT SPECIFIED;
RECORDED))
((TEXT)) A KEY ROLE IN FULFILLING THE TASK SET BY THE
PARTY -- TO INCREASE NATIONAL INCOME ALMOST TWOFOLD IN THE NEXT
15 YEARS -- BELONGS TO SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL PROGRESS.
NEVER BEFORE HAS THE ROLE OF SCIENCE BEEN SO PROMINENT AND
RESPONSIBLE AS TODAY. THE PRESTIGE OF SOVIET SCIENCE NOT ONLY
HELPS TO RAISE OUR COUNTRY'S INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY AND ITS
ECONOMIC MIGHT, BUT DEMONSTRATES IN PRACTICE THE ADVANTAGES OF
SOCIALISM AS THE MOST PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL SYSTEM.
THE CPSU CENTRAL COMMITTEE DEVOTES PARTICULAR ATTENTION IN
PRESENT-DAY CONDITIONS TO THE PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES, WHICH PLAY A LEADING ROLE IN ELABORATING
GENERAL CONCEPTS, DETERMINING COMMON LAWS AND DEFINING PHENOMENA
OF THE MATERIAL WORLD. THE RESULTS OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH SHOULD
BE EMBODIED MOST EFFICIENTLY IN THE ENGINEERING COMPLEX, SINCE,
AS THE REPORT NOTED, THIS COMPLEX PLAYS A DEFINITIVE ROLE IN RAISING
THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SOCIAL LABOR.
UNFORTUNATELY, IT HAS TO BE ADMITTED THAT THE LEADING POSITIONS
OF OUR SCIENCE IN THE FIELD OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ARE FAR FROM
ALWAYS BEING USED EFFECTIVELY IN PRACTICAL WORK. THE REASON FOR
THIS LIES, ABOVE ALL, IN THE ABSENCE OF A PRECISE SYSTEM AND
FLEXIBILITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS AND STRUCTURES, WHICH COULD
LINK SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITY AND ENSURE EFFECTIVE
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MUTUAL INFLUENCE OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. RECENTLY A NUMBER OF
SPECIFIC MEASURES WERE ADOTPED WITH THE AIM OF IMPROVING THE
ASSIMILATION AND UTILIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVMENTS.
THE USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES HEADS _~+FN SUCH PROMISING
DIRECTIONS AS PERSONAL COMPUTERS, FIBEROPTICS, RELIABILITY OF
MACHINERY, TECHNOLOGICAL LASERS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. THE
DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF THE WORK OF THE COMPLEXES CONSISTS IN
UNITING LEADING ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTES, SPECIAL
CONSTRUCTION BUREAUS AND FACTORIES AND ATTRACTING HIGHER EDUCATION
DEPARTMENTS. THIS IS A NEW IMPROVED FORM OF ORGANIZING THE
COLLECTIVE LABOR OF SCIENTISTS ACCORDING TO SINGLE; SPECIAL PURPOSE
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS.
(ENDALL) 031030 FRIEDFELD/JR 03/201OZ MAR
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 SU/W1377/i 14 Feb 86
I ? THE USSR
Explosive forming of aircraft components According to Kiev radio, the Aviation
Institute in Kharkov has developed a method of making aircraft components from metal
sheet by an explosive forming technique which replaces the conventional cutting
procedure.*
New icebreaking technique According to a home service report, the icebreaker, Mudyug
of the Northern Shipping Line is to be fitted with equipment which will cut the ice into
two broad strips which will then be pushed under the surrounding ice, leaving a clear
navigation channel. Trials have shown that a third less engine power is required for
cutting than for breaking ice, so the new technique brings considerable fuel savings.*
Personal computer studies In a home service report on work being done at the Institute
of Information Science Problems under the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician
Boris Naumov, its head, said that it is working on personal computers. It has set up an
tbt industrial scientific and carry out research into the mass
development and application of personal computers in various spheres of the national
economy.
Laser-beam record player On 2nd and 3rd February, Tass and the home service
reported that the RET radioelectronics production association in Tallinn had developed a
stereo record player which employed a laser beam instead of the traditional stylus. Series
production would be started next year.
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SWB SU/W1377/A/20
14 Feb 86
NEW AIRPORT FACILiTIiTIES Leningrad. - [SU/W1376/A/21] Pulkovo international
airport'in Leningrad can now operate under practically all weather conditions and has
been certificated to receive and dispatch aircraft when the weather falls under so-called
low meteorological minima, as provided for by the ICAO Category-2. This means that
planes will now land at Pulkovo even at times when the cloud is at an altitude of only
30 m and when visibility is no more than 400 in. This results from the latest phase of
modernisation, according to Yuriy Balakin, the airport manager. An automatic air traffic.
control system and an electronic system operating the runway lights have gone into
operation. Experts from Aeroflot have already installed computer facilities in the control
towers at Moscow, Kiev, Mineralnyye Vody and other major airports. (Tars in English
0925 gmt 6 Feb 86)
Minsk. A new runway has gone into service at Minsk and an 11-76 has made a test
landing on it. (Moscow 0004 gmt 10 Feb 86)
NEW AIRCRAFT COMPONENT MANUFACTURING METHOD Scientists at the
Aviation Institute in Kharkov have introduced a new method for manufacturing aircraft
components, instead of being cut out of metal
line with their invention
I
t
,
n
componen
s.
sheets,. are shaped by explosive forming. The aim was not only to reduce the amount of
. . _ _ _ . . _ - ( iev in
Ukrainian for abroad 2200 gmt 31 Jan 86) -
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KARA-BOGAZ-GOL PROBLEMS According to Babayev, President of the Turkmen
Academy of Sciences, the very valuable stores of salts on the bed of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol
became threatened after it dried up as a result of the dam, completed in March 1980,
sealing it off from the Caspian. The dam had been built to prevent the Caspian becoming
more shallow. Almost 20 organisations have been given the task of examining the
Kara-Bogaz-Gol problems but in practice only a few members of a local geological team
are working there. There ,is no organisation in charge there even though a lot of organisat-
ions are involved on paper. Somebody must be put in charge before it is too late.
(Moscow 0600 gmt 10 Feb 86)
ARCTIC SEVER-38 EXPEDITION The high-altitude Sever-38 airborne expedition will
soon begin work. According to Vladimir Kiselev, its leader, the expedition has three tasks
this year: (1) ensuring the change-over of personnel of the SP-27 drifting station which is
now 900 km from Zhukov base and is continuing to drift; "(2) closing the SP-26 drifting
station, which has been operating for three years but its ice-flow has been reduced to a
size when it is not suitable for continued operation; and (3) setting up a new drifting
station, SP-28. The setting up of the expedition is now being completed, the personnel
have been selected and a research programme has been drawn up for all the stations.
(Moscow 1600 gmt 4 Feb 86)
FIBRE OPTICS RESEARCH The fibre optics department of the Institute of General
Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences has been carrying out research into improving
the quality of glass fibres. Glass fibres can retain their properties at low temperatures, for
example in liquid nitrogen at minus 70 deg.C, and are durable. At the institute, glass
fibres have been obtained which can bear a stress of 7.5 kg. A glass fibre thread with a
diameter of 125 microns and made from quartz glass has been laid through several storeys
of a building. According to Academician A.M. Prokhorov, director of the institute, the
Svetovod (light guide) inter-industry complex, which aims to create a link between basic
research and production, lies outside the institute's research programme because there are
many ways of solving the problems of advanced technology and too many organisations
involved in fibre optics to link them all under one complex. This is not a form of
scientific competition since the latter is minimal, there is an exchange of results between
all organisations involved in work on fibre optics and they all assist each other. (Soviet
television 1530 gmt 9 Feb 86)
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/19: CIA-RDP05T0028OR000300380002-3