ECONOMIC DATA FROM THE CHINESE PRESS AND PERIODICALS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190138-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 138
• Publication Date: June 29, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CC ^JO.
COUNTRY China
OW
agriculture, animal nusband'ry DATE DIST. a 9 Jun 1954
PUBLISHED Daily newspa era we kl
e
p
d
SUBJECT Economic -Consumer goods, chemicals, INFORMATION
electric power, transportation,
trade, finance, cooperatives
H
Y an
semunonthly
'
periodicals
WHERE
PUBLISHED China
DATE
PU6LISHED 4 Dec 1952-4 Apr 1;54
LANGUAGE
N0. OF ^.4GES cs~o~
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
ECONOMIC DATA FROM THE CRINFSE PRESS AND PERIODICALS
FAVORABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN CONSUMER GOODS PRODUCTION IN STAN AND MUImEN --
Peiping, Kung-,jen Jih-pao, 10 Feb 54
The M~ilcden Textile Mill, Mukden Paper Manufacturing Plant, and Mukden
Rubber Factory No 7 completed their January 1951+ production quotas 2-4 days
ahead of schedule.
As n result of a ne?.~ly devised simple and shcrter method of vulcanizing
tires, the Ffukden Rubber Factory No 7 increased its monthly tare production by
more thnn 9,000 tires during January.
During January the Sian state-operated cott,~n mills exceeded yarn produc-
tion quotas by 117 units [amount not given) and cotton cloth quotns by more than
411,000 meters. The Sian Pnint Factory and the Sian Textile Mill exceeded Janu-
ary production quotas by 5 to 10 percent. O?her enterprises iu Sian which more
than me: production quotas were the dyeing, enamelware, and flour Sndustries.
DEVELOPhfEMPS IN LOCAL CONSUMER GOOll PRODUCTION IN SOUTRWEST ADMINISTRATIVE ARF,A -
Peiping, Kung-Jen Jih-pao, 5 Feb 51+ -
According to n preliminary survey, the 1953 industrial production of the
Southwest Administrative Area was 38.'jl percent more +,han 1952. The output goals
of the following products were either fulfilled or exceeded in 1953: cement,
cotton yarn, cotton cloth, cigarettes, sugar, salt, rubber shoes, stationery,
leather, and soap.
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CONFIDENTIAL
i During 1953, 31 local state-operated industries in Chungking remodeled or
rebuilt their factories and warehouses. Also during 1953 a tannic acid plastic
factory to produce plastics and an office supply manufacturing plant engaged in
the manufacture of stationery, fountain pens, and steel pens [points] were built
in the southwest area.
The public-private ,Jointly operated Chinese Woolen Mill, which is directly
under the Chungking Municipal Industrial Bureau, improved its woolen materials,
serges, material.Cor.aoolen uniforms, and rug materials during the past year.
About 40 percent of the Industrial construction investment made by the
Kweichow Provincial Government lr. the past year was expended for remodeling
plants or for transferring plants to more favorable locations.
About 90 percent of the finished products of the Yunnan Cement Company met
quality standards in 1553 as contrasted with only 70 percent in lyy2.
A paper factory directly under the Southwest Department of Industry de-
creased its production costs 5.6 percent, and the Yunnan Tobacco Factory, 30
percent.
The Southwest Administrative Area supplies ice skates, balls [type not
specified], sulfuric acids, and woolens to the Northwest Ad~si~istrative Area,
Shanghai, Chia-mu-ssu, Canton, and Chang-sha.
TIENTSIN PLANTS REPORT FAVORABLE RESULTS FROM PRODUCTION ECONOMY DRIVE -- Peiping,
Jen-min Jih-Pao, 9 Jan 54
Under the leadership of the local committees of ttie increase production,
practice economy drive, 242 Tientsin paper mills and carpentry shops saved more
than 150 million Yuan during the fourth quarter of 1953?
During the fourth quarter of 1953, 24 dyeing plants dyed some one million
bolts of cloth as compared to the previous high of 750,000 bolts.
The Shou-feng Flour Mill extracted an additional 2 catties of flour per
100 catties of wheat Suring 0^_tober 1y53, for a total production of 210,000
catties.
TIENTSIN FACTORIES COMPLETE JANUARY PRODUCTION PLAN -- Peiping, Kung-,Jen Jih-Pao,
4 Feb 54
A total of f30 Tientsin state-operated, l.oca). state-operated, and privately
operated factories successfully completed their January production goals.
There are 5y factories under the Tientsin Industrial Bureau. They produce
1c'O different products.
TIENTSIN STATE-OPERATID COTTON TEXTILE MTT.iG AND PAPER MILL 1NSURE FULFILLMENT
OF NATIONAL PLAN -- Tientsin, Ta Kung Pao, 8 Nov 53
To meet the requirements of the increase production, practice economy drive,
Tientsin state-operated Cotton Textile Mill No 1 drafted 11A new technical plans,
of which 48 have already been carried out. In September 1y53, State-Operated
Cotton Textile Mill No 5 installed an automatic mechanism which stops the machines
whenever there is a thread breakage. This increased the efficiency of the machine
from 91.99 percent to about 93 percent.
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coNr_ ID~~,~,
State-Operated Tientsin Paper Mill No 3 ha; made
mm~agement, and operations which have increased the dail
mill from 260 to improvements in technical
340 rolls. Y
a
p
per out
put of this
SHANGHAI STATE-OpERA~ T~,~ MII,IS SET NEW PRODUCTION
Kung-Jon .7ih-pao, 4 Apr 54
RECORDS -- Pei
in
p
g,
As of 25 March 1954
cotton yarn production of 19 Shanghai sta.te-
crease of 64?n2 pounds ?Perated textile mills had
more than ~.4 Pow^.ds over avers Per 1,000 spindle-hours which an average
5 pounds of cotton cloth areubeinn of 1953? In these textiles an in-
B produced per loom-hour in lmi~ls,
During the first quarter 1954 the 954
cottony of 1953 production by 7,600 units Yarn r
, cotton p educed exceeded first
cloth, by 7 million meters. (exact amount not s
of 1954 are almost a The production ti Pecified] and the
woolen goods has P to those of the fourth quarter ofres for the first
axceeded the plan for the first 1953? The 4uarter
,~0 meters, and the Production of
production of silks b quarter of 1954 by more than
Y 59 percent.
in maknggstar hical improvements during 1954
decreased the has been adopted b , a method of usin
amount of flour necessarotton mills No 9 and No 12,~Odium silicate
percent, and when put into o Y to starch one bolt of This new
East China Textile Peration material b Process
Control for one year in ali textile mills unde~ the
valued at 370 00p Bureau, saved 62,
4,150,000,000 wan' ?nd lowered the annualOcos~s of flour, fats
Yvan' the whole b~ and oil
ureau by about
PRIVATE FACTORIES P?ECEtVE M~1'ING CONTRACTS FR06f STATE
Ta Kung Pao, 15 Dec 53
ENTERPRISE -- Tientsin,
During 1y53, the Tientsin
Merchandise Company ~rchasing and Su
in the granted marketing contracts PP1Y Office of the China
Tientsin area, Among these Sndustries more than General
condensed milk, powdered milk match, 350 private industries
metals , tooth are the enameiwa_
an3 the textile Paste, stationer 'e, rubber,
industries. Y, ferrous and nonferrous
In the grantin
noted. B of these marketing contracts: the following results can be
1? The Great China
the Ssu-ts Ink Factor Rubber Factor, the North China Enamelware Factor
y have reduced advertising expenses.
2. Y, and
The market for the rugs and sheets
has Leen expanded. Now these manufactured b
as Chungking, K'un-min Products are bean Y the H,ing-y? Factory
Branch of B, Inner Mongolia g sold in places as far distant
the Ssu-ta Ink Factory sold itsand Sinkiang? Formerly, the Tientsi
Yellow River but now its goods are be, Products onl
y in the area n
-ng sold in Hankow, ~ north of the
3. Duran Ch ang-sha, and Nanking.
factories g October 1953, the number of sheets manufactured
the syae in Tientsin was 11C percent greater than the
hi her. P`'riod of 1952, and the number in the cotton
B quantity of .rugs manufacturedmeas 300ured during
4 percent
to 820 In 1953, the value of the everyday enamelware
P
during October, wan during August. 1,150,000,000 during September and eltoin
amounted
90,000,000
-3-
CONFIDEtiTIAL
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5? The ligitimate profits of the factories 'iave increased as follows; by
end of third quarter 1951, Kuang Ta Aluminum Flnnt 150 million yuan; and Ch'eng
Chi Aluminum plant more than 40 mil'. ion yuan.
Drugs, Chemicals Fertilizer
DEVELOPI~NT OF DRUG INDUSTRY DURING 4 YEARS -- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 28 Jan 54
('hina esn now produce about 70 types of raw materials used in the manufacture
of drugs. During 1953, 30 new products were put into production. Production of
penicillir. increased tenfold in 1953 over 1952. It is planned to double the 1953
production in 1954? Production of sulfathiazole (S.T.) in 1953 was twice that of
1952, and will rise another 150 percent during 1954? Ephedrin=, giycyrrhizaic
ointment and antimony compounds are now produced in quantities that not only
meet China's needy but are also sufficient to permit their expert. In 1953,
production of the state-operated and local state-operated drug firms rose 83 and
100 percent, respectively, over 1952. In 1954, state-operated drug industries
will triple production and local state-operated industries will more thsn triple
their 1952 production. New plants ha cc beer. constructed to manufacture penicillin,
stre_tomycin, sulfonamide, and phenacetin. Seme of these plants are among the
141 plants built or renovated with Soviet aid.
DRUG PURCAASES INCREASES Ili CAP7TON -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung pao, 1 Feb 54
The Canton Phanne ~utical Purchase and Supply Company has increased its
orders for drugs from the following plants; Tang-shih-i, Hsing-ch'un, Ho-chi-kung,
Ou-chia-ch'uan, Ling-chih, P'u-chi, Hsin-lien, and three others. Over 8110,000
articles of nil kinds were purchased during January 1);4.
NANKING PLANT OF 'LUNG-LI CHEMICAL COMPANY RAISES PUW QUOTAS -- Peiping, Kung-,jen
Jih-pao, 13 Feb 51+
The Nanking Plant of the Yung-li Chemical Company plans to raise the output
of the following cheml^_als during 1j5?+: -ulfuric arid, 42.27 percent; liquid
ammonia, 25.81 percent; ammonium sulfate (fert.ilizer) 24.41 percent.
The weakest. link 1n *-he plant's production vas the synthetic ammonia shop's
production of liquid ammonia T`+e problem was mei by r. hanging the catalyst ahead
of schedule during the first part of January and overhauling the compressor.
Throughout the rest of the plant, mechanization of various processes was carried
ottt with the object of raising the productivity of the workers and decreasing
their physical labor. A conveyor was installed to dispose of ashes from the ore
furnace and another wns installed for the hauling of coke and coal. Whereas
formerly 28 men were required to haul ashes, at present 16 men suffice. Automatic
machinery has been installed for many packaging and loading operations, and
various safety measures have been taken throughout the plant.
TSUN-I FERTILIZER PLANT BEGINS PRODUCTION -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 13 Feb 54
The local state-operated Tsun-i Phosphate Fertilizer Plant, the constructiot.
of which was smarted during August 1953, began production the latter part oP
January 1954. Tne plant was established in Tsun-1 because of a deposit of
phosphate rock located there which is estimated to be 20-30 million tons in
size. At present, approximately 10 tons of apatite powder as produced daily.
It is planned to produce over 10,000 tons of apatite within one year.
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VALUE OF PRODUCTION OF ELECTROCHEMICAI. AND NITROGEN PLANTS INCREASES -- Hong Kong,
'i~ Kung Pao, 14 Feb 54
The value of production of the public-private ,jointl; operated Tien-yuan
Electrochemical Plant and Tien-li Nitrogen Plant has tripled within the past
3 years. If the 1952 currency evaluation figure of the National Bureau of
Statistics is used, the total value of production for the two plants in 1953
was 5.898 times that of 1950. The number of working employed by the plants
was tripled during the past 3 years. Homes have been built for 300 single
workers; 4,000 square meters more living space is to be constructed this year.
Electric Power
DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY IN CHINA MANS PROGRESS -- Peiping, Jen-
9in Tih-pao, 24 Jan 54
Very noticeehle ,?rogress has already been made in the development of the
electric power industry in Communist China during the first year of the 5-year
plan.
In 1y53, was the first year since liberation Sn which there were more
construction of new power plants than the restoration of old plants. More
than 50 percent of the work concerning to the development of the electric
power industry consisted of new constructions; such as construction of power
plants at Sian, Urumch:, Cheng-chou, Chungking, and T'ai-yuan, and a 369-
kilometer high-tension transmission line in the Northeast. Construction of the
thermal electric power plants in Sian, Urumchi, and Cheng-chou was completed
during 1953. The construction of a power plant in T'ai-yuan is expected to be
completed during 1954, and the No 507 Power Plant in Chungking is expected to
be completed 1n April 1954. The high-tension transmission line in the Northeast
is expected to be completed in the spring of 1y54.
HIGH-TENSION POWER TRANSMISSION LI17E COMPLETED IN NORTHEAST -- Peiping, Jen-min
JSh-pao, 4 Feb 54
Mukden, 1 February .- Construction of a 220-kilovol?, transmission line in
the Northeast was completed on 23 January 1~i54, and the line was put into
operation on 27 January 1954_
This transmission line is 36y.25 kilometers long and is supported by y19
steel towers. The completion of this line will assure the adequate supply of
electricity for the plants and mines in An-shorn, Fu-shun, Mukden, Dsiren, Pen-
chi, and Fou-hsin.
FENG-MAN AND FOUR OTHER POWER PLANTS PEGIN OPERATION -- Feiping, Jen-mir. Jih-pso,
2 Feb 54
Tao hydroelectric generators at the Feng-man Hydroelectric Power Plant in
the Northeast, and thermal electric generators at the Sian, Fu-shun, Cheng-chou,
and U_~umchi power plants began operation during 1953? The operation of these
plants has not only increased the total generating capacity of the power plants
in Communist China, but has nlso met the need for electricity '.n their respective
areas.
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The two generators at the Feng-man Hydroelectric Power PLint began operation
during 1953, one in April and one in August. Now the electricit
this plant is combined with the electricity generated at the Fou-
and is being sent to the lar Y generated at
Feng-man power ge area of the Northeast. The two hsin Power Plant,
total plant an3 the one at the Fou-hsin Power Plant havenarcombined the
generating capacity equivalent to the amount of electricit
manufacture 870,000 tons of electric furnace steel, or to
of coal, or to manufacture 1 0 Y needed to
7 million bolts of fabrics. mine 5~ million tons
The Sian Power Plant began operation in October 1953? Its
equals 50 percent of the total generating capacity of all the
iPorthxest? The new generating capacity
old ower power Plant, together kith the electricit Power plants in the
electricityloftthe Northwest Aonlrand 2nou +
Bh electricity to satgsferuted at the
Sian Cotton Spinning and Weavin Cotton Spinnln Y the need for
west No 3 Cotton Spinning and W~ vina~Mi11 wh+c g and Weaving Mills, the
during the first, half of y`ing and finishing mill, the North-
ly5l+, and man h is Expected to begin operation
the Northwest during 1y54. Y other new plants whtr_h will be built in
The new Cheng-chou Thermal Electric Power Plant
plant in Cheng-chou, esn supply all the electricit
Plants in Chen ~ together with the old power
and when g-ohou. The ?=w nowe Y needed by the industrial
it is installed, the total? Pant is planning to install another
plants x111 equal 16 tines the totalggenerati~ capcait of generator,
or three times the Y the new and oid power
present generating ca aci' g capacityy in Cheng-chou in 1y48,
P may.
The Urumchl Power Plant is the first automatically controlled thermal
is eltliic power P1PSQsentSrnkiarg. The generating capacity of this
times the
Since this power generating capscity of all the Power plant
products in U Plar:t began operating, the mnnufact.uringocostpofnts in Sinkiang
rumchl decreased by 4G percent, and the the industrial
decreased by 33 percent. Cn the other hand, cost of
has been made available, the "One Jul." because the new so~rlcenotbelectricity
Urumchi was able to increase the n l Cotton Spinning and Weavin
the production capacity of the r 'unber of spindles and looms h g Mill in
and the Urumchi lour mills in Urimchi was Y 87.5 percent;
Much machiner? C?ment, plant is exlecting to double t increased by 300 percent;
been operated manual P. plants and mines :n and .round Ueimchi whiPhtheretofore5had
works in U .~ are now being ~peratPd elect.^icn1~
became available has purchased an d-foot lathe since *h~-yu The Chien-
hsin Iron-
tion Com an was' and the cperation of chi s PP1Y of electricity
P Y improved with the use of rePa:r shop c. the Sinkian
electricity. g Transporta-
Besides industrial use of electricity, the new source of electricity has
made~;he people of Ununchi extremely hsnpy because now the
radio programs more then ever before.
y can liste^ Lo verious
FO-TZU-LING POWER PLAINT UNDER CONSTBUCT:OPi -- Peiping, Jen_,nin Jih-pao, 4 Feb 5!;
The Fo-tzu-ling Hydroelectric Po~~er punt, the first hydroelectric power
plant on the Huai Ho, is under construction. According to plans
will have five generators, having a total generating capacity of 8 00!i
The plans also call f , the power plant
or construction of concrete foundations for the generai:orss
the installation of tun generators of 1,000 kiloaat~~s each Burin
construction ~*' a transmission lins from Fo-tzu-lin
g 1954, and
g to Ho-fei during 1955?
The generators for the power plant are being manufactured b
machinery plants in Mukden and Harbin, while the water
by the East China Iron and Steel Construction Mar, Y the electrical
Pipes are being manufactured
erfal Ylant.
CONFIDENTIAi.
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HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT U1'mER CONSTRUCTION NEAR CHUNGKINC -- Peiping, Kung-Jen
Jih-Aso, 27 Mar 54
Chungking, 25 March -- A new hydroelectric power plant is being constructed
on the Lung-chi Ho, near Chungking. Preliminary plans have already been completed.
Construction of this power plant involves many heavy engineering works. The
principal portion of the entire pro,Ject consists of the construction of a reservoir,
atone dikes, water tunnels, a steel-reinforced concrete building for the generators,
and several kilometers of transmission ]tn... t+ ~.. ..
At present, construction of temporary warehouses and dwellings is in progress
The first stage of the protect is sr},aA?~ e,, +.. ,.__. _
-~~~, 77 ~ecnnica: workers and technical cadres
we:?e trained by the plant. Since liberation, 520 workers dormitories have been
buil+?
-~ ----- ~~?.~~,~1?g cne amount of coal consumption, and
conserving the use of electricity in the plant. The efficiency rate of electrical
generating equipment for 1957 vac Sn ..e__,._+ __.__.
The Electric Power Control Rureru ct' the Ministry of Fuel Industry re
that in the period from January 1y52 to August 1y53, the Tang-shan Electr
Power Ceneratinu Plant ~~m?~o+~a _, ..
1953 F.ESULTS I1J RR COISTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS ?- ?eiping, ,Ien
3J Jan 54 -
--- -?? - ~ ^~p. Uesiae.?. that, some 400 kilometers
purposes were also laid.
and operation have been realizedn~ A11aofM1tl:emplan~forscon
Peiping, (Hsin-hue She) -- In 1y53, the first year of t
Government'- F1 t
Tien-chu Tibetan People`s AutonomousjAres ~lOC~chin L? 'i?a-ch'ou-kou, in the
of wool would.."rb' ~ chin equal one kilogram)
~''0 pieces of brick tea, but now the same amount of wool will
purchase 40 pieces of t,rt,.o- +?e
for basic construction pro,Jects~whileLthejotherlhalf is stil~iundertconstxvetion.
range; and trains have begun to carry_Yu-men oilvby ;ailf~from thisapointgtohthe
heart of the Country. Tn +,.e m.. ~. .
- - - -'-- - ??~, ^?,l~?+ is co connect the railways of the
Northwest with those of the Southwest, the tracks have been la!d from Ch'eng-tu
as far as Chung-pa. On the T,~.,_,.r,,,,,__~~..~....__ ,.
min Jih-pao,
OPERATION OF TANG SHAN ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING PLAt7T -_ Peiping, Jen-min T
yeh, 30 Dec 53
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As regards operations, the volume of car-loading planned for iy53 was exceeded
by 8.3 Percent; which was 15.7 percent greater than the actual performance in 1952.
The ton-kilometrage Manned for iy53 tras surpassed by 12.y percent, which was
20 percent uetter than in 195-'. The transportation in iy53 exceeded that of 1952,
by 41.3 percent in the case of iron and steel, by 20.9 percent in the case of
lumber, and by 79.6 percent in the case of mineral building rreterials. Improved
loading practices increased the average load of lumber by 2.1 tons per car,
while in the matter of coal, sandstone, earth, bricks, and tile, by heaping up
the cargo from 3 to }+ tons mere per car were carried. The average net load per
car carried in 1953 was one ton greater t}uin in 1952?
The 1953 ob,jectiv? in all three phases of the campaign for heavier loading
of cars, heavier hauls per trait., and longer daily average kilometrage per
locomctive was attained.. While ton-kilometrage in iy53 exceeded that of 1y52,
there was a market decrease i.-. locomotive coal consumption. Cross-hauling and
indirect shipments were decreased. The actual cost of the railways of the whole
country for 1953 was 20.8~~ percent below the estimated cost. Due to the efforts
toward greater output and better economy in railway operations, the net estimated
profit of 4.1 trillion yuan accruing to the benefits of the government for the
year 1953 was exceede3.
DEVELOPMENT CF TRANSPORT FACILITIES IN SOCTHiJEST - - Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao,
16 Feb 51+
ChungY.ing, 14 February, (Hain-hue She) -- With existing facilities as a
foundation, constructing '.rnnsportation facilities will continue in 1y54. In
1953, government expenditures for transportation developments in the Southwest
region amounted to 30 percent oP the government's economic investments of all
kinds in 1952. In 1954, the percentage will. be over 30 percent.
Track has bee:: laid for 195 kilometers on t:he Pao-r_h'eng railway, the
continuation of this project will be prey-ed in 1y5~+- '
The surveys will be continued in 1y54 on the Ch'erg-to--Kan-wing railway
line..
Tne building o_? the Sikang--Tibet hig};way has been accomplished to a
point 41~: kilometers west of Chang-tu. At the western end of the highway,
half oi' the work on the section between I:hasa and T ui-shao has been done. In
1954, work will be rushNd from both ends to finish the highway as early as
possible.
More than 2,000 kilometers of local roads were madF passable in iy53? six
road:: in Kweichow were completed. The rebuilding of the Kuei-yang--Chin-ch'eng-
chiat;g highway will go forward in 1)511,
Ir. iy53, Sxechwar. boil', or rep;iired over 1,000 kilometers of highway, and
in 1}54 w'll continue work on certain roads. During the past few years, L2
new highways were built in Yunnan, In 1y54, work will continue on two or three
routes toward the south. The K'un--Lo (K'un-ming--Ta-lo) highway is in use
fr~~ Y.';ia-mirg ac f:r ac Ssu-mao. [Reports have been seen indicating that motor
traffic on this highway is In operation us far fls Ch'e-li.] The completion of
the highway from Wei-Wing to Shui-ch'eng, in Kweichow, has reduced the price of
salt in that area by 25 percent.
Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 1G rr^eb 54
Surveying for the railway line between Yin-ch'uan (Ning-hale) and Lan-c}iou,
began in March iy53? r
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CO;iFIDF.NTIAL
EXTENFION OF NORTIfEAST LOGGING LINES __ Hung Kong, Ta Kung Pao
, 1 Feb 54
Peiping, 19 January -_ By tl,e end of 1953 the Ministry of Railwa~~'
Surveying party had finished its surveys and preparation of
attar-tion of the 3~ 11th
T'u-li-ho to 50-kilmeter long T'u-Ken section of the Ya_Li~nline, t~Jmcon-
of the K'u-tuXen-ho. When this section is finished it will be an extension
lu-erh to T'u-li-ho section which is alreud
make a logging railroad over 100 kilometers long.
Y completed, and x111
This party Itas also made a prelLainary survey of another 150-kilometer
section from Ken-ho to Pei-er-ch'ih-ho, and the further surveying of this
section will be continued in 1954, paper work for the construction of the
T'u-Iten section is completed and the working parties are pushin
to begin construction as early as possible this
Jih- so) 8 preparations
"--~- Yeti- (Reprinted from ,7e_ ^__in
1.JRd PROGRESS ON NORTH SECTION PAO-CH'ENG RR -- Peiping, Jen-min .Iih-pao, 8 Mar 54
Work on the north section of the Pao-ch'eng Railway betweer, Pno-chi and
Lueh-yang is being actively .acilitated by the Shensi Provine
right of wa la1 Government, the
special commissioners, ar.~ the hsien officials, in the form of negotiations over
and carts, andutheosecurlnteof owned land and buildin s
ment has cons*, g Provisions and lumber.g Theecruitment of laborers
and Lueh-yang tucfacilitateilometer-1~nR strer,ch of hi wa Communications Depart-
now st w ^onst.ruction operations. ~ery between Mien-hsien
ork at the site of the Wei Ho rallwa 10,000 laborers are
summit of the Chin Ling, and on the roadbedyinrtheeFaohehlunTun through the
and Nittg_ch'iang._Lueh-ysrg sections.
g-ho-ch'iao,
IMPROVED COTTON BALTNG AND LOADING MF.TAODS AT ytt_TZ?[) ,_ pei in
2 APr 54
P 6, Kung-den Jih-pao,
Peiping -_ Seventy percent of the cotton raised in southern Shansi and
purchased by the government is shipped by rail to places like Tientsin and
Because of faulty packing, the bates are loose snd oversize, with the result that
railway cars carrying full volume are net able to Carr ful Shanghai.
Standard .gauge 30-tor, cars are able to carry onl i Y 1 loads b? w
Y -5 tons of cotton / eight.
In the successful sttempt to improve these uneconomical conditions, railway
men and cotton industry men at Yu-tr.'u have developed methods that when ut
general practice will save tlteiisands of dollars a
carry 28.,81 tons of cotton, and 18 tons csrs can cart 1 P into
Public Relations Office, Ministr of Yenr. Thirty-ton cars can
Y Railwsys Y 7.84y tons of cotton. --
JUTE LOADINGS INCREASID AT HSU'U1_RUA -_ peiping, Kung-Jen Jih-pao, 19 Feb 5!t
Peipin8 -- The station at Hsuau-hua, near Kalgan, on the Pei. in
Railway, handles 4U percent of the lute produced in this art
Jute is soft and loose snd when packed by hand P g-Suiyuan
to December 1 , the bales pare oversizer Pprevious
then, machine9packingthnscreplacedhhandpoxer cackind ?nly 18 tc ~- Since
carry a full load of 3C tons. - of t.te.
- Public Relat ons Uffi e,d Mtni tr Sof a able to
Y Railways
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CHINA-KOREA RR AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTED _- Peiping, Jen-m+n Jih-pao, 29 Tan 54
Feiping, 28 January `(Hsin-hua She) -- Pursuant to the international
through-traffic railway agreement previously executed between 11 Soviet bloc
countries, the representatives of the People's Republic 4f' China and of the
Democratic People's Republic of Korea conducted negotiations in Peiping, from
16 December 1953 to 25 January 1954 to arrange details affecting these two
countries, The agreement was signed on ?5 January 1954, for China by Wu Ching-
t?ien (1), Vice-Minister of Railways, and Por North Korea by Nam Kah-song
(2) Vice-Minister of Corrmrunlcations. The new China-Koren through-traffic agree-
ment is.to go into effect on 1 April 1954 for through-freight traffic, and on
1 June 1954 for through-passenger trsfflc.
CHINA-KOREA THROUGH TRAFFIC ARRANGEMENTS -? Peiping, Kung-den Jih-pao, 3 Apr 54
Pyongyang, 2 April (Rsin?hua She) ?- Pursuant to the negotiations of the
international convention for through rail *.raffic between 11 countries in the
USSR obit, North Korea became a psrticipant in this afire=went on 1 August 1953?
Through freight service between China and North Korea began 1 April 1954? The
North Korean authorities have designated Simri~u, Manp o,Nanyang, Pyongyang,
Hamhung, and Ch'ong,jin, and 22 other stations, as places where international
through traffic may be handled.
USSR THROUGH TRAIN OPERATORS REACH PEIPZNG ?- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 30 Jnn 54
Peiping, 29 January (Hsin-hua She) -- Eighteen train operators from USSR,
under the leadership of train conductor Ivan Balakirev, have reached Peiping.
They are to be responsible for the operation of the through express trains be-
tween Peiping and Moscow. The cars for the seven trains that will make these
r~s were built in the. Leningrad Car-Building Plant imeni Yegorov. This crew,
many of whom are veterans, have been carefully selected and trained, including
3 months instruction in oral Chinese.
FIRST THROUGH TRAIN LEAVES PEIPING FOR MOSCOW -- Ecng Korg, Ta ;+ing pao, 2 Feb 54
Peiping, 31 January ~Hsin hua Sha) -- ,+ large munber of Chinese and Soviet
officials took part to celebrating the departure from Feiping today st 1805 hours
of the first through passenger train to Moscow. The distance is y,050 kilometers;
the running time 215 hours. Only 2 hours ar?e to be spent at Man-chou-li, instead
of the 14 hours previously spent in cY,anging cars. Trains are ^,cheduled to leave
Peiping and Moscow at the same time, twice each week. The trains consist of
seven steel cars of a greenish color that are a 1i.ttle longer and a little wider
than cars generally used on Chinese railways. The cars are equipped with all
modern conveniences, including heating and air ~oadit.icning, hot. and cold running
+ater, toilets, cooking facilities, radio receivers, and the latest sai'ety
aopliances.
FLRS'f 'PiL'tOUGH PASSENGER TRAINS -- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 4 Feb 5>i
Mukden, 3 February (Hsir,-trua She) -- The first through passenger train from
Peiping bound for bloseow Left Peiping on 31 January, reached the last station on
the China side of the internaticnal boundary, Man-chou-li, at '515 hourA on
2 February, and left on time at 1715 1'or Otpur on 'he Siberian side of the bound-
ary. [According to a report. in the Moscow Gudok, of 10 February 1954, at Otpur the
cars have their trucks changed from standard !o wide gauge.) The conductor in
,~', charge of the train was Balakirev. The USSR consul at Man-chou-li, Osipov, was
f' at the station, and when the train passed Harbin, Kaneskirov, the chief oP the
group of USSR advisers at the Harbin Railway Bureau was among the railway officials
on hand to bid farewell to the departing travelers.
50X1-HUM
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Moscow, 31 January (Hain-hua She) ?- The first through passenger train frcm
Mosenw to Peiping left Platform No 1 of the Yaroslavskiy station today at 1750
Moscow Lime. The Minister of Railways, Beshchev, was among t;he Soviet officials
and friends at the station to see the train off. The statton master, Constantinov,
smilingly welcomed the persons who came to their friends off on this historic
train. Tne distance to be traveled by this train is over 9,OOG kilometers, the
longest run of any in the world. There were 3~5 passengers, of which 135 were
bound for Peiping. Among this number were Chinese students returning from study
in USSR, Soviet specialists proceeding to China to ass?st in constructive enter-
prises, a few Koreans, and some Roumanian workers. The train had thick expensive
carpets on the floor and fancy curtains hung of the wind;ws. Each stateroom
contai::.ed n radio rece wer, a soft sofa, and a table and letup. The train was
equipped with facilities for passengers to communicate by telephone with friends
in distant cities in USSR territory. The tram and cars are designed to travel
at the rate of 70 kilometers Ever Hour. The train conductor is Mikulich, tae
engineer is Fillipov. -- ii ;aan
FIRST THROUGH TRAIN FROM MOSCOW REACHES PEIFI!1G -- Hong Kong, T_n Kurg Pao, 10 Feb 54
Peiping, 9 February (Hain-hua She) ?- The !'trs+. through passenger train from
Moscow reached Pelpirg ;,n time today at 2009 hours. The trai^ '.eft bloscew on
31 January at 1750 hours Moscow time.
PEIPING'S SEVENTEEN RACEWAY STATIONS -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 8 Feb 54
Peiping -- The 17 busy railway stations of Peiping reflect the recent grown?
of the city. The Ch'i^r,-mer. station [of the Peiping-Shan-hai-ituan line] which
serves passenger traffic principally, in October i95c candled about 19,000 people
a day; in October 1953, the number had Sncreased to about 39,000 people. The
other stations handle largely freight. Among the hoer stations are the Yung-ting-
men station south r,i the city, the west Ch ien-m~_n station [terminus of the Peiping-
Hankow line], the Tung-chain station en the Nast side, and the Hsi-chih-men, Hsi-
pien-men, and Kuang-u r.-men stations on the uc'st y,de of the city.
Two thirds of Peiping tmportc, ?d}a ch are mush greater in volume that its ex-
portr, consist oi' building t.~terials. To cope with the rapidly increasing volume
of traffic, work was begun in the latter part cf f7ovember 1~~53 to a1y a double
track between Feng-t'ni and the Ch'ten-men stau?m? This work was finished on
29 December, and regular uper.+tior. of trams .:: both track:: begun on 1 January 1954.
Rr"F'RIGERA'fOR CARS NOW MEETING F.IG NELO -- Hong Korg, .'--a Kung Pao, 1 Feb 54
Wuhan, (Hain-hua She) ?- Duruig 1y53, the sta+,e-operated car building
factory at Wu-ch"sag bull*. 1.1 refrigerator cars .e meet the need for shipment
of perishable goods. These cars car. keep goods cold in hot weather and harm in
cold weather. The car bodies cons is? cf f nm ~ to '_i Ltyers of insulating
material, and contain equtpment for refrigeraticn, ventilation, and r.irculation
of warm or cold air. The temperature and humidity inside the cars can be
regulated to suit the nature of the cargo and the outsl3~ temperature so ss to
prevent decay or undesired freezing. Oranges, bananas, and pineapples produced
in Szechwan, eCwangtung, and Fu4-.ien, pork, chickens, ducks, and eggs produced in
Kiangsu, Shantung, Szechwan and Hunan, and various kinds of marine products from
the sea coast and main rivers, may now be shipped safely to any part of the
country, even such great distances as 4, ~0 kilometers from Canton to Man-^hou-li,
for which ,journey, it days and nights are required.
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FREIGHT CAR SPRINGS REPAIRED AT P'U-K'OU -- Peiping, Kung-jen J.Lh-Pao, 19 Feb 54
(Contributed item) -- Every day that a freight car is out c.P commission
awaiting repairs means a loss of 768,000 yuan. Since New Year's Day, 6 cars
were awaiting repair at P'u-k'uo, near Nanking, due to the need for replacement
of spiral compression springs. But none were available, and they were very
difficult to procure. Some workmen solved the problem by devising a machine to
coil discard springs. In a half day's operation, this machine turned out 29
springs that were suitable for use.
MAhY RAII.WAY BUREAUS TO SIGN COLLECTIVE CONTRACTS -- Peiping, Kung-jen, Jih-Pao,
28 Mar 54
Harbin -- The Harbin Railway Bureau has taken the lead in preparing for
collective agreements with ita employees to cover the operations Par 1954. In
conjunction xith the officials of the party and of the All-China Railway Labor
Union, draft copies of the proposed contracts, embudying a large numoer of
suggestions, have been prepared by s commission especially appointed for the
purpose, and are now undergoing study and revision by higher level officials
preparatory to approval and signature.
The railway bureaus Sn Ch'sng-ch'un, An-lung, Dairen, Mukden, Mu-tan-Chiang,
and Man-Chou-li are following close behind Harbin; and the bureaus in Peiping,
Tientsin, Shanghai, Canton, and Cheng-Chou are also planning to follow suit. -
Tuan Nei-te, Harbin Office, All-China Railway Labor Union
IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN TRADE 70 CHINA`S FIVE-YEAR PLAN __ Peiping, Jen-min Jih-Pao,
7 Feb 54
China must export agricultural products, special domestic products, and
mining products in order to import the modern industrtal equipment needed to
complete the 141 large-scale projects xhictt are the basis of China's first
Five-Year Plan. The following list gives the comparative exchange value of
s~e trade items.
Export
_~ Import
Item
Amount
.Item
Amount
Tea leaves
1 ton
Thick steel plate
10 tons
Sunflower
seeds
1 ton
Fertilizer
2 tons
Pork
1 ton
Thick steel plate
5 tons
Pork
10 tons
Tractor
1
Granges
ly tons
Truck, 12,000-catty
1
capacity
Dried eggs
2,000 catties
Ga~'oline
60,000 catties
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w
Sufficient to lay
track from Chungking
to Ch'eng-tu
(505 kilometer]
Domestic and foreign sales of these and other items must be coordinated in
order to satisfy the needs of both industry and the people. Comrade Stalin has
taught us the following: "We cannot say as in times past, 'I do not eat, yet
must export.' We cannot sa; this because the workers and the farmers must eat....
B'~Y, at the same time we must adopt a policy that will enable us to increase our
exports lnd to maintain a foreign exchange reserve."
`~:~ For commodities important to the national economy and the people's liveli-
~ hood, we must adopt measures to increase production and to provide an adequate
domestic supply. At the same time, we must devise methods to squeeze out a
portion of these commodities for export. For co~mnodities relatively unimportant
to the national economy and_the people's livelihood, we must adept an active
export prearam. Domestic consumption of some products (such as meats and peanuts)
can be properly reduced in order to satisi`y export requirements. If we fail to
implement this program, our industrlal construction mill be hindered. If, on the
other hand, we devote exclusive attention to foreign sales, our domestic supply
will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the reeds of both our
export, program and our domestic market.
It is poss;ble to increase commodity exports since they comprised only a
small percentage of total production during 1953? According to statistics, ex-
ports of frozen pork in 1953 amounted to ,Just 1.52 percent of the year's pig
production, and 2.15 percent of the total slaughter. Exports of chicken eggs
amounted to 7 percent and cured tobacco to 18.71 percent of production. quantities
of silk, tea leaves, peanuts, and other products were also exported, but these
exports did not exceed prewar figures.
,~~ ~F..
~ To promote national socialism and industrialization, it is necessary to in-
~'struct the people in the relationship of eacports to industrialization, in the
~ need to actively increase production during the first Five-Yeas Plan, and in the
reed to sell surplus production to the state. As far as the people are concerned,
current profits and future profits amount to the same thing. Both benefit the
~' individual and the state. The following figures will help explain this principle.
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Rau silk 500 tons Steel rails
Raw silk 1 ton Steel rails
2 kilometers
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In 1953, the farmers sold 1.8 trillion yuan's worth of pigs and more than
460 billion yuan's worth chicken eggs to state-operated companies. Also, 190
billion yuan'c worth of fruit was sold to state-operated companies. (This in-
localsstate-operatedocompaniesnanda
~
s
t
'~
l
t
ci
b
cooperatives
)
In
th
s
way
he
I' `.:
ncome
and
livelihood of the farmers wePe improved and there uas greater production activity. ~'~ ;
accomplished by active planning and-leadershicyl~n oz tnis program can only be "
p? -- Chang Wei-ch i and Hu Ming
SALES AND PRICE INFORMATION ON LIGHT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS -- Peiping, Jen-min
Jih-Pao, 27 Jan 54
It is estimated that production of important light industrial products in
China increased 31 percent and that sales increased 29 percent during 1953 over
1952. For example, the t,ation's demand for vehicle tires increased 65 percent ~
and the demand for paper for cement bags increased 15.4 percent. These increases
reflect the general improvement in light industrial production, transportation,
and the people s livelihood.
The improved quality of light industrial products is indicated by the
comparative performance of the Hung_ch'i-p'ai tire. This tire was of inferior
quality during 1952 and only lasted an average of 10,000 kilometers; some did
not even give service for S,000~kilometers. Since the quality of this tare was
improved, it has been used for an average of 18,000 kilometers on several different
types of road surfaces, and some have given service for 26,000 kilometers.
The Ministry of Light Industry togathEr with the Ministry of Commerce reduced
the prices of several items. On 5 January 1953, the official price for sugar
was reduced 8.8 percent, and national consumption of sugar in 1953 increased
124.8 percent over that of 1952? On 1 April 1953, the state-operate; paper mills
in North and Northeast China administrative areas reduced the factory price of
commercial paper 11.5 percent, and trade agencies correspondingly reduced the
official price 10 percent. On 1 August 1953, the factory again reduced the
price of commercial paper 5.75 percent. On 20 April 1953, the official price
of cigarettes in China proper was reduced an average of 5.6 percent, and national
consumption in 1953 increased 33.19 percent over that of 1952? These successive
price adjustments resulted in a reduction in the price differential between agri-
cultural and industrial products.
In 1953, the equivalent value of a roll of newsprint in Tientsin was 217.28
catties of mille`., compared to 238.98 catties of millet during 1y52. The price
of sugar in Canton was reduced from 6,400 yuan per catty in January 1952 (the
equivalent of 4.93 catties of rice) to 4,200 Yuan per catty in January 1953 (the
equivalent of 3.48 catties of lice).
Formerly, in T'uan-Pei Hsiang, Nan-hui Hsien, Kiangsu Province, one catty
of table salt was worth 3 catties of rice. In 1953, one catty of salt was worth
only one catty of rice. It is estimated that the 3,200 people of this hsiang
snnuslly consume an average of 15 catties of salt per person for a total oP
48,GOO catties. Whereas formerly 144,000 catties of rice were needed to buy
this salt, in 1953 the amount was reduced to 48,000 catties. The rice thus
saved will Peed all the people of this hsiang for one month. -- Li Sheng and
Wang Pao-lin
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COOPERATIVE SYSTEM FULFTI.TR 1953 SALES AND PURCHASING PLANS -- Peiping, Jen?min
Jih-pao, 14 Feb 54
The nation's system of supply and marketing and consumer cooperatives ex-
ceeded its 1953 retail sales plan and basically completed its purchasing plan.
The sales plan vas exceeded by 19 percent, for nn increase of nearly 63 percent
over the 1952 figure. Of this amount, cotton cloth sales increased 60 percent,
table salt increased 52 percent, and chemical fertilizers increased 24 percent.
The purchasing plan wcs 9g percent fulfilled, for an increase of 35 percent
over the 1952 figure.
During 1953, the government placed increased emphasis on the mobilization
of local sources of production. For this purpose, numerous commodity exchange
conferences were held. At a commodity exchange conference calved by the East
China Branch of the All-China Federation of Cooperative, the total amount ex-
changed reached 200 billion yunn in value, of which y9 percent consisted of
handicraft items, local products, and special products.
Th^ value of production of all the nation's handicraft producer cooperatives
in 1953 was 73.3 percent above that in 1952, and most of this production sold to
state-operated commercial enterprises and to supply and marketing cooperatives.
Taking April of 1953 as an example, the proportion of the nation's handicraft
producer cooperative products sold through the supply and marketing cooperatives
and the consumer cooperatives was 46 percent. In the East China Administrative
Area, it amounted to 50 percent, and in toe Northwest Administrative Area, it
was 63 percent.
Due to the improvement in business management, the ratio of cost to value
in the supply and marketing activities of the iill-China Federation of Co-
operatives was lower in the third quarter of last year than in the second
quarter. In the supply activities, the ratio dropped from 6.51 percent to
3.99 percent. In the marketing activities, it dropped 'rom 11.24 peroent to
11.07 percent. This has contributed to the successi'ul completion of the retail
sales plan and the purchasing plan.
HANDICRAFT PRODUCER COOPERATNES ADVANCE IN SOUTHWEST CHINA -- Peiping, Jen-min
Jih-pao, 22 Feb 54
There are now 281 handicraft producer cooperatives in the Southwest China
Administrative Area xith some 10,000 members. Of these, 49.82 percer_t belong to
cooperatives producing farm implements and lr>.j percent to cotton weaving and
knitting cooperatives. The total value of production in 1953 by handicraft
producer cooporatives in the Southwest was about 150 billion yuan.
MUKDEN'S HANDICRAFT PRODUCER COOPER4TNES SHCW GROWTH -- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao,
31 Jan 54
With the help and guidance of the people's government and the state-operated
economy, Mukden's 80 handicraft producer cooperatives have shown n remarkable
growth and have manifested a superlstive spirit of organization. More than lO,000
homes Sn Mukden a~-, engaged in handicraft production. By the end of 1953, a total
of 80 handicraft producer cooperatives had already been organized, with more than
5,000 members. This included the craftsmen in 28 shoe and garment enterprises,
making more than 400 types of handmade items, with a yearly total value of produc-
tion of more than 100 billion yuan.
CONFIDENTIAL
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agriculture and Animal=usban~
FIRS TO INCREASE GRAIN AND COTTON PRODUCTION -- peiping, Kung-,den Jih-pao,
28 Mar 54
Everywhere in the land there is increased understanding of how the nation's
theufarmersZresolutely tofplantincreasedsproductioneofral masses. This causes
producing crops. The planned increases over 1 Fain, cotton, and oil-
for different sections. 953 show the following percents.ges
Hunan
Px'ovlnee
Southwest
North
China
Northeast
Northwest
14.4
~9'
26.9
6.2
12.61
24
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NOATH CHINA PLANS INCREASED PRODUCTION -- Hong Kong, Tu Kung Pao, 19 Feb 54
According to a telegram from Peiping dated 17 February, North China
plans a considerable increase in the productia~ of grniu during ly~w. The plan
is to increase grain production by 14.4 percent, cotton by 29 percent, and all
oil-producing crops b;~ 48.8 percent.
COCONUT TREES AND }~ pLANfED ON HAINAN ISLAND -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 14 Feb 54
Canton, (Hsin-hua She) -- All over Hainan Island people are planting coconut
trees and hemp. These trees and plants will provide very important industrial
materials that are ?=arce in China.
tl.
One million and a half coconut trees will be planted within the next 5 years.
Coconut oil is not only good for food but also f'or use with machinery and furnishes
excellent ingredients for the making of soap.
The kind of hemp grown (chien ma) has an especially hard fiber. It is used
in belts for factory and mine machinery, for fish nets, and for ship }~awsers.
Hawsers made of this hemp will last for 8 years.
INCREASED GRAIN AND COTTON PRODUCTION IN SINKIANG -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung pao,
11 Feb 54
In Sinkiang Province in 1953 both grain production and cotton production
surpassed their original goa'_s. The whole area in the province under cultivation
amounted to 19,959,000 mou. The original estimate for grain production was 189
catties per mou. Actual production was better than 200 catties.
The cotton area under cultivation amounted to 760,000 mou. The estimated
production was 18 million catties but actually 25 million catties were produced.
!~.
NORTH AND NORTHWEST CHINA PREPARE FOR SPRING CULTIVATION -- Peiping, Jen-min
Jih-pao, 22 Feb 54
4
To increase the production of grain, cotton and oil bearing crops in 1954,
farmers of the Northwest, North China, Inner Mongolia, and Suiyuan are busily
preparing fur spring cultivation.
In North China, the production of grain and cotton will be increased 14.4
percent and 2.~ percent, respectively. Ropeh Province plans to increase grain
production 28.1 percent, cotton 39.7 percent; and peanuts 76.5 percent. The
Northwest plans production increases of 6.53 percent in grain, 7.25 percent !z
cotton, and 26.9 percent in oil seed crops. Shensi Province had 68 million mou
of grain in 1953 an3 yields cf more than 9.1 billion catties. The 1954 grain
Brea and production will remsin et the same level; the cotton area will be
maintained at the 4 million moo mark with yields upped 6.4 percent. Two million
moo of oil bearing crops are to be planted for an increased yield of 3 percent
over 1)53?
Measures are also being taken against the possible damage from natural
calamities in all areas. The Northwest, Inner Mongolia, and Suiyuan are carry-
ing out winter irrigation. The Iorthwest has expanded the irrigation of Sts
cultivated land by more than 50 percent. The area of land irrigated by the
Huang-yang, the Huang-hui, and three other state canals has increased 64 percent.
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coNF_ IDENTIAL
In Hopeh, the 3 million mou of land set aside for spring cultivation has already
been irrigated. In the K o-shah Special Administrative District of Sinkiang,
1,100,000 mou of wheat land, or over 90 percent of the total wheat aren,.haVe~
been irrigated. Thesfarmers of the Northwest estimate that more than 6,600,000
mou hsve undergone winter irrigation. In 1953, some itY~ea of North China, Inner
Mongolia and Sniyuan had relatively light snowfalls, and the farmers of these
areas, recognizing this fact, have carried out all types of antidrought measures.
In North China, the repsir and maintenance of water conse ation projects
xill expand the irrigated area by more than 1,400,000 mou. With the completion
of 5 million cubic meters of drainage projects in Hopeh, 3 million mou of land
are now free from calsmity damage, and it is planned that by spring b5 percent
of the nonirrigated land will be planted on schedule. In t?e Northwest, more
than 1,700,000 tons of "Sa-li-son" have been distributed in the rural areas to
fight wheat diseases. The farmers of Sinkiang have purchased more than 700,000
tons of "666" from Tientsin to fight. locusts.
Emphasis is being given to fertilizer, seeds, animals, =nd implements in all
areas. According to the statistics of 50 hsiens in Shansi and Hopeh, 20 billion
cstties of fertilizer have already been accumulated for spring planting. Ferti~izer
application has also increased in the 37 million mou wheat fields of Karsu, Ningsia,
and Tsinghai. The Tientsin Special Administrative District of Hopeh has shipped
5 million catties of seed wheat to calamity areas to ensure the carrying out of
spring planting in these areas. In addition, loans of 5 billion yuan have been
issued to needy Farmers to assist them in tite cultivation of one million mou of
spring,heat. Supply and marketing cooperatives have stressed the use of new
type farm implements. Feng-rhea Hsien, Suiyuan, has purchase3 more than 500
plows to meet the needs of the farmers. Seeders, presses, disk harrows, water
pumps, etc., are now being distributed throughout Inner Mongolia and Suiyuar.
Technical skill is also being increased everywhere. In 1954, Shensi Province
will use the close planting method and increase grain yields about 10 percent in
this manner. At present, over 1,000 skilled cadres have completed winter courses
and are already to assist the farmers in spring cultivation.
CENTRAL_SOUTH PLANS FOR 1954 PRODUCTION -- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-pao, 4 Feb 54
With the completion of grain purchasing and selling activities, the farmers
of the Central-South Administrative Area have entered the winter cultivation period
sad the time in xhich the further development of the mutual-aid cooperative
movement will be sought.
Based on the preliminary statistics of Hunan, Kiangsi, Honan, Kwangtung, and
Kwangsi, more than 145 million mou of land have been planted to wheat, oil-bearing
crops, green fertilizer crops, etc. Winter cultivation plans have already been
competed in Nan-ch'ang and Ping Hsiang hsiens of Xia.,gsi. Winter plowing, insect
extermination, fer?ilizer accumulation, and water conservation activities are
bein6 carrier out in all areas. In rung-hsiang Hsien, Kiangsi, plans call for an
accumulation of 7,3l~0,000 catties of sll types of fertilizer by the time of spring
cultivation. This would mean an average of 23 piculs of fertilizer per mou, an
increase oi' 6 piculs over the ~o,nparable period of 1953?
In Hupeh Prov+nrP, ever !f0 ;;~i~,_? i;ave itad water conservation movements under-
way. Based on the statistics of 320 hsiang in nine hsiens, including Sui Hsien,
Ching-men, and Yuan-an, more than 2,300 smrll-scale embarilnnents have been completed
recently. In eastern Kwangtung, xork has been in progress on trine large and
medium-size reservoirs, seven flood-prevention projects an3 many small-scale water
conservation projects. In Ch'eng-hai Hsien, the Chin-shah-hou lock, which can
irrigate 60,000 mou of land, has been completed after 45 days of work. Farmers
in all areas have been making regular deposits at peorle's banks for the purchase
of animals, implements, and fertilizer.
w 1q -
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At the end of December 1953, deposits for the purchase of animals in the
Central-South Administrative Area wer
6
6
e 7
.
percent higher than in the period
ending October 1952? Kiangsi Province had a 353.5 Percent increase in deposits
and Hupeh a 212.9 percent increase.
After undergoing general indoctrination, the political awareness of the
farmers has improved. They have come to recognize the advantages of organization
and the benefits of participation in mutual aid teams. According to the statistics
from 140 villages in Chun Hsien, Honan, 2,340 hcuseholds have recently been
incorporated into 388 year around mutual aid teams. Plans in Hupeh call foi? the
establishing of more than 520 agricultural production cooperatives in 1954; at
present, there are 200 set up tentatively. In Aunan, plans call for the organiza-
tion of 50 percent of the farmers to ,join all types of mut~ial aid activities with
emphasis on the establishment of 300 agricultural production cooperatives. Based
on the needs and cspabilities of the farmers, the Central-South area plans to
organize one half of the agricultural households in 1954.
EAST KWANGTUiiG RICE YIkT.DS INCREASID 10 PERCENT Iii 1953 -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao,
19 Feb 54
Despite -.11 types of calamities in 1953, abundant rice yields amounting to
about a 10 percent increase over 1952 were obtained in eastern Kwangtung. It was
estimated that production was increased by more than 400 million catties. Based
on the statistics of 11 hsiens, the 1953 average rice yield per shih-mou (one
shih-mou equals .1647 acre] was 636 catties, a 10.6 percent increase over 1952?
In the coastal. hsiens of Hsi-feng, Lu-feng, Hui-lai, and Ch'eng-hai, all of which
were calamity areas, a 5 percent increase was obtained. There were also good
yields of wheat, mixed grains, soybeans, and oranges.
The fishing industry had an increase in catch of approximately 400,000 piculs,
an increase of 29.7 percent over 1952.
HSINO-HUO COLLrxTNE FARM PROSPERS __ Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao, 17 Feb 54
In 1953, the Hsing-huo Collective Farm in Hua-ch'uan Hsien, Sungkiang
Province, had a total paddy rice yield of over 2,400,000 catties. Fcr rach
worlEA9y.the income was 60,000 Yuan per member and the average annual income was
over 13 million Yuan per member. The personnel of this collective farm have
deposited more than 400 million Yuan in people's ban:cs and have subscribed for
15,500,000 Yuan of government bonds.
HANGCROW TEA READY FOR MARKS-i' -. Peiping, Kung-,jen Jih-Pao, 28 Mar 54
The famous Lung-china end Ch'-ch'ang teas cf the flangchow area of Chekiang
are ready for market. Some 184 purchasing stations have been established by supply
and marketing cooperatives, and over 720 personnel have been trsined for this
activity.
FUKIEN WINTER CROPS FLOURISHING -- Hong Kong, Ta KunR Pao, 17 Feb 54
Crops are flourishing and abundant yields are anticipated from the more that;
2 million mou of winter crops in Fukien. Barley, wheat, and oil-bearing crops
are all i.n excellent growth and harvesting should begin in late March or early
April. In 1953, the winter cultivation area in Fukien was increased by more
than 300,000 mou over that of 195f'? Much of this increased area was planted to
oil-bearing crops.
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CHEKIANG ORANGES TO REACA 54 MILLION CATTIES IN 1954 -- Peiping, Kun
28 Mar 54 6-.len Jih-pao,
In the Huang yen orange growing region of Chekiang Province, farmers have
begun insect extermination, fertilizing, and other activities in the hone of
the orchards arepin excellentlconditioneS Besidesgdomestic5distribution~mthP-e
are also exports of Huang yen oranges. It is estimated that the export of 19
tons of oranges would permit the purchase of one o-ton cargo truck. In 1854,
Huang-yen Hsien is attempting to increase yields by 4O percent by over 1953, and
also to expand orchard area by several hundred mou. In 1953, over 800 orange
trees were experimentslly planted in mountain areas first, then later transplanted,
with very good results.
.,LAUGRTERING CAPACITY ABATTOIR NO 1 IN CANTON -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung pao, 8 Feb 54
Work has been almost completed in the renovation of Abattoir No 1 in Li-wan-
hsiao-mei Ts'un to increase the supply of animals for meat and to improve the
sanitation of meat used for food. This abattoir, under the Canton Bureau of
Industrial i4anagement, is the main slsughterhouse for the trade and slsugliter of
ands. Work on the slaughterhouse was begun 25 January 195 by the Canton Build-
ing and Construction Company, employing 543 workmen full time. Early completion
has been guaranteed to insure meat for the Spring Festival period.
Constriction on this project includes one building to hold the animals, one
slaughterhouse and one building for meat inspection after it has been hung. With-
in the area are 28 pig sties, ~ slaughter prns, 6 water vats, 124 furnaces, 25
racks for hanging meat, 6 blood pools and 2 dung pools, Outside the buildings
there is a disinfected filtered watering place. This slaughterhouse, which can
handle over 2,900 pigs s day, is the largest and has the most sanitary equipment
~~in Canton.
WUHAN SLAUGHTERS 1,000 HOGS PER DAY __ Hong Kong, Ta Kung pao, 7 Feb 54
The recently constructed state-operated Wuhan r^rozen Meat Plant No 2 [Hupehj
has already begun production. The first batch of live hogs from Hupeh and Hunan
and other areas north aid south of the Yangtze River hss been slaughtered, packed,
frozen, and shipped to the front lines in Korea and to Inner Mongolia. These
shipments will enable the Chinese volunteers at the front lines to en~o; fresh
pork throughout the season.
The Wuhan ?rozen Meat Plant No 2 includes one slaughterhouse and two freezing
departments. The slaughterhouse is newly built and can handle 4,000-5,000 in its
pens while slaughtering about 1,400 head daily. The two freezin de
handle 100,000 catties of pork daily, and the cold storage capacgty is rfromt1,2~0,000
to 1,E00,000 cstties- These two freezing, departments were created last June by
remodeling an ice plant and an egg processing plant. The meat is processed and
frozen for from 16 to 24 hours insuring a supply of fresh meat even to warm climates.
Previously most of the 3 million head of hogs raised yearly in Central-South
China had been sent to Shsnghsi or Harbin foZe..slsughter, processing, and freezing.
This Frozen Meat Plant No 2 in Wuhan prevents the loss of many head in shipping .
due to heat, distance, and travel condlYions.
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FISH CATCH IN AUPEH LAKE EXCEIDS ALL PREVIOUS RECORDS -- Hong Kong, Ta Kung Pao,
17 Feb 54
Liang-+,zu Hu ie the biggest fresh water lake in Hupeh Province. The lake
' area includes the three hsien of 0-ch'eng, Wu-ch'arg, and Ta-yeh, c~?;ering a
. distance of 100 li, and more than 15,000 fishermen are actively taking part in
fishing on the lake. Zn 1953, the fish catch was 10 to 20 percent higher '~han
dur!.ng ~.ny one year since Che liberation and 2U to 30 percent higher than during
any preliberation year. The total production of fresh water fish between January
and October 1953 amounted to 600,000 catties.
' The Liang-tzu Fishermen's Supply and Marketing Cooperative takes care of
the needs oP the area as well as shipping fish to other districts. According to
incomplete statistics, in 1953 this cooperative shipped more than 200,000 catties
of bream and carp t~ Canton, Hainac Island, Mukden, and Peiping. At the same
time, from January to November c,f 1953, this same cooperative supplied 1,042,650,000
yn:an's worth of production and consumer goods to the fishermen.
EASTERN SEA CATCH OF HAIR-TAII. FISH EXCEID 500,000 PICQiS -- Peiping, Jen-min
Jih-pao, 25 Jan 54
The hair-tail fish, Trichiurus Chinensis, is the number one catch at Chou-
shan-ch'un-tao, one of the four largest fish-producing areas for China, located
in the East China Sea off the coast of Kiangsu. So far this year about 500,000,
piculs of this fish have been caught and shipped to Shanghai, Hangchow, Kwangtung,
Fukien, and North China. Most Fishing boats bring in about 1,000 catties of
fish a trip and some of the little boats bring in as much as 2,000 catties.
SHANGHAI MARINE PRODUCTS COt~Q'ANY CONSTRUCTS FISH PROCESSING MACHINE -- Chung-kuo
Kung-yeh, Mar 53
Since June 1952, the state-operated Shanghai Marine Prodgcts Company has
bean experimenting with a machine for making fish powder by a dry method. The
machine is now completed and ready to begin production. It is capable of
producing 450 catties of powder and extracting 15 kung-chin [one kung-chin equals
one kilogram) of oil from a ton of herring in 2 1/2 hours. The fish pcwder
retains a relatively large amount of protein end is used ~s fodder.
The fish oil produced is used for the processing of leather and in paint.
This machine is capable of producing 25 times as much as American made machines
which process fish powder by a wet method.
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