DEVELOPMENTS IN RUMANIAN COAL, PETROLEUM, METALLURGICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRIES, 1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700190246-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 246
• Publication Date: July 21, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDII~'TIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM ~
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY Rumania DATE OF
SUBJECT Economic -Industry, production, coal, INFORMATION 1953
petroleum, metallurgy, machinery
HOW Sociological -Labor, housing DATE DfST. ~I Jul 1951+
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED Bucharest PJO. OF PAGES 12
DATE
PUBLISHED 4 Apr-22 Oct 1953
LANGUAGE Rumanian SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
DEVEIAPbtEIJ'i'S IN RUMANIrW COAL PEPROLEIRd MEPlQ,LiJRGICAL
Akx) 1?'NCHII3IItY INDUSTRIF~ 19 3
Cun?nary: The following report discusses sonm of the main develop-
ments in 1953 in four of Rumania's principal industries: coal, petro-
leum, metallurgy, turd machinery.
The section on coal describes the improvements in the miners' liv-
ing conditions and the resulting increase in production. The section
on petroleum discusses the latest improvements in drilling and extrac-
tion equipment and reports sor.:e of the progress made in the drilling
and extraction of petroleum. The sections on metallurgy and machine
building report achievements in principal plants in Rumania. These
factories are dealt ;with alphabetically.
1~umbers in parentheses refer to appended sources)
(Jith each passing month, new wori:ers' housing units are being constructed
for the miners of the Fetrosru~i, Petrila, Lonea, Anineasa, Vulcani, Uricani, and
Lupeni mines, and for all ma,Jor mSning localities in the Valea Jiului area. The
appearance of the Lonea mine area has been almos*. entirely changed by the rows
of ne?,r houses dotting entire mountain slopes (1) and Uricani has added the 267th
~,, apar+.ment tc its new housing developments for miners:(2) bore than 1,000 nex
~."?.?,~apFVt,~nents sere constructed in Va1ea Jiului from 1 January to 23 August 1953?(3)
A special construction cortm;ittee has been set up to control the progress of
building and to insure the utmost care in Lhe construction of these houses. The
following measures have been adpptcd by this committee: (a) l~gineers must
check the ground for any hidden water eprings under the foundation; (b) engineers
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must check to insure sufficient cement content in concrete; (c} workers must
avoid leaving large cracks between Sloor boards; (d) wall colors must harmonize
rather than clash; and (e) a regular check must be conducted after apartments
are occupied to prevent workers from abusing their new homes by wri*,ing on wails,
marring the fixtures, etc.(1)
mother improvement for the miners of Rumania is the opening of several new
medical units at the Vales Jiului mines. Dispensaries and health clinics, each
having 15-20 beds, have been set, up at most of the mires cf that reE'~r., besides
the three hospitals already in existence. Petrosani and Lupeni have set up den-
tal clinics for miners, and Lupeni and Lonea have established night dispensaries
crhere ,pipers can rehabilitate themselves temporarily. Moreover, the number of
underground first-aid stations and dietetic canteens has increased. About 200
full-time doctors are employed in the mines of the Vales Jiului region.(4)
Because of these improved living conditions, production of most coal mines
has showed satisfactory progress. Approximately 64 percent of the miners in the
Comeaesti coal mines are Lpplying advanced methods oP labor, and the number of
miners applying the cycl+c ~ aph method has increased by 23 percent. Miners of
the Leorda mine have fu1Zi31ed their norms 102.62 percent, and those of the Asau
mine have fulfilled their norms 110.14 percent. Some individual brigades have
surpassed their individual norms by ].2_14 percent. Important achievei:ents have
also beer. noted a?. the Rai'ira mine, xhere the workers are successfully applying
the cyclic graph method.(5)
The Jieti-Icnea mine celebrated its biggest victory in 1953, inasmuch as
one of its brigades completed its Five-Year plan, This is the first brigade to
have completed the Five-year Plan in 4 years. The success of this and other
brigades was made possible by the intensive aid given by the Soviet Union.(6)
Early ir. 1953, the miners of the Lupac mine asked that their norms be in-
creased by 20 percent, without having their salaries increased snd without having
any additional equipment. Ail pledges of these miners xere fulfilled, because
they made full use of their worY?ing time and applied the latest available Soviet
methods. At the same time, their labor productivity increased 23 percent.(7)
Their labors were rewarded by the awru?d of the Red Banner of Production for the
first quarter of 1953, which xas (ranted for their 120.41 percent plan fulfill-
ment, their 16.45 percent drop in costs, and their 11 percent increase in
quality of workmanship, compared with the 1952 figures.(8)
Miners of the Lupeni mine adopted the cyclic graph method, as a result of
which each brigade produced 800 tons oi' coral above the Augu,t production plan,
ei, ~ " '?~~inning of September, some miners surpassed their norms by as much as
180 percent.(9) u~,:easing numbers are surpassing their production norms b~ as
much as 105 percent. Some brigades are completing ter. cycles above the plan
each month.(10) Almost a71 workers at this mine are engaged in socialist compe-
titions.(11)
rliners in the Petrila mines are striving to produce more and more coal.
The leading brigade is that of Stakhanovite Iuliu Haidu; this brigade started
working on the November 1954 quota as early as April 1
been daily surpassing its norms b 80 953? Another brigade l,ss
September 1 4 Y percent, end thus it began working on tt+~
95 quota as early as the spring oi' 1953. Other brigades have ex-
ceeded their norms 25-96 percent.(12) In September 1953, some workers of the
Petrila coal mines surpassed production norms 104 percent, whereas other brigades
surpassed the plan 20-50 percent.(13)
Miners throughout ti,e Vales Jiului mines are continually engaged in compe-
titions. lJith the help of party organizations, the miners are putting Soviet
methods of labor to eacellant use. The Jntest such rx thod is that using the
mixed brigad?= system of Soviet 3takhanovite Novgorodtsev, used for the first time
in Rumania at the Petrila mine. Severn brigades have obtained daily advances
of 18 meters above the plan by using this method.
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Mother Soviet method meeting with success is the cyclic 6z?aph method, pt
has beennusingethisOmethodfi with thesresultdthatisome9bri-ades Petrila mine else
daily norms 60_105 percent. Other Soviet methods in use are the VoroshineiZhan-
darova, Kotlyar, and Rardin metY.ods. The Minoasg mine has 290 miners using the
Kotlyar method, In all, some 6,000 miners in the Valea Jiului ^:ines are using
one or more Soviet methods of labor.(14) Throughout this region, productions
quotes for the first quarter of 1953 were fulfilled 103.3 percent. The leading
mine was Minoasa, where the miners produced 7,500 tons of coal above the plan
during the firs. 3 moat};, of 1953? One brigade pra}uced 616 tons of coal over
the plan d'arino N.:sch 1y53.(15)
Keeping in step with the increase in the activity of coal mines, mining-
equipment.factoiies have also been Producing new types of equipment and perfect-
ing existing models. The Petrosani mining-equipment factory carried out improve-
ments on former types and developed a new type of scraper, the TP-1, which is
st~u?dier and can be assembled and dismantled with greater speed. The result
was a 30-40 percent increase in the speed of coal transportatien.(16)
To aid the expansion of the petroleum industry, petroleum-equipment factories
are increasing their productl~on. For example, workers :^rom the Energopetrol fac-
tory in Camping completed the 1953 production plan 3 months and 2 days ahead of
schedule and started working on the 1954 Plan on 23 September 1953? Some of these
workers are working on the last norms of the Five-year plan, i'hus, the electrical
repair section is working on its 14 September 1.
percent and economies rose to 229,651+ lei. 955 nom' Costs were reduced 3.6
pected to reach the 15 February 1954 norms.(~)7 November 1953, xorkers were ex-
Some 35 lathe operators from the Sovrom-utilaJ-Petrolifer (Soviet-Rumanian
petroleum equipment) factory in Camping have started to work according to the
Kolesov method, At the Poiana enteri,rises, for example, Stn};}~unovite Ion Man-
doianu has reduced the time required for lathing n piece of steel from
to 10 minutes. Similarly, there are n number of other workers who can work g
stee'_ pipe in 16 minutes rgther then the 45 minutes required in the pasts( 8,utes
The Sovrom-utiln~_petrolifer factory in Resita has adopted sound technical_
organizational measures to assist lathe operators, (raising-machine operators,
and other workers to meet th, .r newly established norms. As a result of these
efforts, norms have been surpassed.(ly) ;Jorhers of all sections of the factory
are engabing in socialist competitions to reduce the dead time and to increase
Production. During AuTust, the production plgn for the entire shops was surpassed
each?5andreent. Tl:us, four pumping units, three compressors of ..5 cubic meters
other important pieces of equipment wer= produced above the p).an. Some
workers are surpassing their individugl norms by as much as "(0 percent. During
ehuifinent,7 months of 1953, the shop saved 1,j62,915 lei worth of materials and
q P (^S a result of these and other improvements, the T`^?-
sul local industr,~ enterprises completed the 153 nraluction plan as early a;,
9 September 1953, at the same time reducing costs by 5 perceat.(24)
Some lathe operators at the Vulcan metallurgical enterprises in Bucharest
have discovered a method for reducing by 20 minute the time required to polish
the track for overhead cranes. Dbreovcr, by using the special Vidia 5-1 blade,
at a speed of EAO rather than 400 revolutions per minute, an advance of 0.2 milli-
meter per minute can be ruched. By this method, one worker can polish three to
four such tracks above the plan per day.(4)
The 23 August factory in Bucharest is now paying more attention to the full
use of its iaterral reserves.. The light machinery section wA,g recently pro-
vided with hiGh-quality machinery and tools from the USSR "During august 1953,
factoxv workers suggested 50 innovations, 34 of :which have been adopted ^,uccess-
full;,. );conomies amounted to 500,000 iei.
However, since the use of machines in the lil;lrt nachincrJ section has been
poorly planned, insufficient use t.~ being made of this n?rchinery. Some machines
work only 50-60 percent of their capacity. and otk:ers are overloaded all the time.
Some machines are left completely idle during an entire shift. inus, ten machines
in the (raising-machine shop were left idle Burin; the entire second shift.
Another fault of this section is that the repair time for machinery sa,d tools has
not been reduced. For example, a lathe remained idle for more than a ucek for
lac]: of a simple bearing on the a:Qe. Durinl; this time both n.achine and operator
were left idle. Materials are not delivered on time, an;; workers do not make full
use of their 1+80 minutes of working time per day.(1;~)
The adtninistration of the 23 ,^~ugus'~~'actory, as :roll cs trade unions and
party organs, have been chiefly conceFued with the _rroblem of adequate protection
for workers engaged in hazardous ' arias. T::a 23 ,~uguat factory ir. -Fhrrharest is one
c.f the lamest in the nation; as such, it allocated x,100,000 lei in 1953 for the
purcaaae of equipment for ?.ro-rl:ers' protection. ;his step reduced accidents by as
much ns 300-400 percent.
A special weli'nre -a?cgrar, i:aslbcan set u.; for tiro :rorl?~r?o p
This program covers vacations, emnlo nt ri t :''ctor,~.
day, working conditions of women and minors ghts, length of the working
accident-prevention devices, ant r.:zny other~inprovementucloOfinQocuile~iotemistthe
attermt to elir :ate the n:actice of usin^ 12-hour sh'fts followed b;; 24 hourr, of
rent; this practice has been rcduce;i b? uG ne
3 rcert at the 23 August factories.
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aprons~randJfreetcarbonatedgwaterlont~oarersoin1sectaonsowherevthe~airJisgcogcon~
taminr.t^d that it may have a toxic effect receive free milk. Some sections,
noticeably the thermal treatment section, hatie special units for the purifica-
tion of contaminated air.(47)
Over 96 percent of the workers of the Bocsa Romans agricultural machinery
factor, in Resits are engaged in socialist competitions. Score are surpassing
their norms 126 percent and others at least 100 percent.(118)
The Ilia Pintilie factory is no:: producing n four-blade plcw which can be
adapted to the 1~-35 tractor. This plow is 120 centimeters wide. which is 30
centimeters more than the three-blade plow, and has a resistance of 40 kilograms
per square decimeter. ?'"Phe switch from a three-blade to a four-blade plow can be
readily made at the factory or, in the case of tractors already in use, at any
MI5 or state agricultural repair worY.shop.(17)
To inerPase agricultural output, workers of the Ihfi (agricultural ecuipment)
factory in Rome are striving to increase their production of agricultural equip-
went and spare parts. A recent meeting was held in the mechanical section of the
factory for the purpose of increasing its production and discovering ma,;or short-
comings. It was found that many internal reserves of the factory had been greatly
wasted in the post. The factory's production plan wns fulfilled ].64.08 percent
during the first quarter cf 1957 and 140.6 percent durinu August 153, Costs de-
clined as follows: in April by 7 percent, in May by 10 percent, in June by 12
percen+,, in July by 19 percer;t, and in Aur;ust by 20 percent. As compared with the
first quarter of 1953, the average worker's_
1953, 17 percent in Jul 1 0 ., ~'Y increased 10 percent in June
the internal reserves of theJfac`~ory arernow bcin~ utililedJmor~fu].lydicates that
The level of production can rise still higher. Pon e%:unnle, the fnetory's
machinery was utilized only 98 percent in June, 96 percent in July, and ;1: percent
in August. The duty oi' every worker is to use the internal reserves of the fac-
tory to the fullest possible c;acnt. o
(_,)
Workers at the Semanatoarea factory arc ccntinuallv striving to improve the
quality of the agricultural machinery which they produce. :;wring August 1953 the
cost plan was surpassed by 10 percent, while the production plan was surpassed by
3 percent. These good results were due to fire cauicr.~nt received from the i'SSR,
such ns parallel lathes, drills, and (raising and buffing machines. Idew proto-
types of agricultural machinery have been censtructeci en t!ac basis of Soviet ad-
vanced methods. The first agricultural machirc manufactured by l:he Semanatoarea
factory fell far ::hor,, of e::pecta+,ions because of lacl: of e,cricncc? Rowever,
improvements w, re made shortly thereater, and tl:e c_uality of machinery improved
greatly.(4~)
The Stalin tractor factory has also showed excellent results by using its in-
ternal reserves to the fullest. By mechanizing the less important steps in the
production processes anal by enlarging the supply stocks of the factory, the cost of
producing tractors has lx;en reduced by 7 percent.(4G) 'Phe collective of this _ae-
.ory pledged to surpass the i,rc;luction iamr by 15 percent, to reduce rejects by 20
percen~ as compared to the first quarter of 1~5~, to reduce costs by 2 pence:.t a5-
compared to August, a.nd to save 20,000 lei cn equipment, goods, and materials by
10 (ktaber1953-(30) The collective i:nc also sttu?ted a campaign to maY,e fullest use
of every piece o1' equipment. Prom tine material saved in ::his manner, it has been
possible to produce 2,!100 pocketknives, 1,3C0 cans, and many other consumer items
valued at 30,000 lei.
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The smelting section of this same factory held a meeting recently to deter-
mine possible measures fur eliminating defects in manufact~~^^ ~.nd for increasing
the use of equipment si.ct'ma~lpoxer.(2) Shortly thereafter, an econo~+ school was
organized at the Stalin factory. The school operates in the smelling section
and offers a course of 27 lessons on the socialist system of production, factory
organization, factors determining cost of goods, methods of reducing expenses,
^~ many other topics. Workers have taken a keen interest in, this school and its
teachings.(50)
The Stalin railroad car and locomotive workshops are engaged in intense prepa-
rations for the winter. One Stakhanovite has proposed that the walls of the shop
be painted white to increase visibility. Other workers have proposed increased
electric lights. Seventy percent of the repairs on the roof of the main locomotive
repair shop have been completed. Repairs on furnaces and other equipment of the
factory are also progressing according to schedule.(24)
The Tehnofrig factory in Clu,~ is one of the lending enterprises of the entire
regiune. As a result of the arrival of Soviet machinery, the factory's 1951 pro-
duction was 162 percent higher than in 1950 and the 1952 nx?oduction ~+aa 235 percent
higher than in 1950. This s;.eans an increased production of ammonia compressors,
cream separatcrs, refrigerated storage units, and centrifugal pumps. Over ten dif-
ferent types of food-sterilizing and food-preservation machines havr' been perfected.
(49)
A new oxygen factory has been in operation since 1953 in Rome. Its produc-
tion volume is not yet large, but the importance of oxygen to industry as a whole
is very great. Many enterprises from Moldova are receiving oxygen from the Roman
factory. On 20 September 195} the factory was working on the 28 November 1953'
norms.(1)
Workers and engineers of the Dinamo electric motor factory in Bucharest ful-
filled their norms 113.2 percent during the first quarter of 1953. They subse-
quently pledged to complete the work for the second quarter of 1953 by 22 June, to
increase ?heir productivity by 5 percent above the norms, and to reduce re~ec+.s by
8 percent. They further pledged to reduce costs by 3 percent and to achieve
economies of 100,000 lei.(51)
Workers of the Electroceramica factory in Turda are trying to increase their
professional and technical level. During 1953 some 82 corkers completed the first-
and. second-year courses, and many others are enrolled :n the Stakhanovite school
of the factory.(17) The 21 Decembrie brigade of the Eiectromotor factory in Timi-
so ar a completed its Five-Year Plan quota in April 1953. The brigade is now work-
ing bn its 1956 quotas. Some persons in the brigade have been working or. their
195a norms because they have been usir:g the latest Sovie*. methods.
The number of women in Rumania's industries is rising steadily. During 1952
and 1953, a total of 225 women were trained as lathe operators, electricians, orire
workers, metalworkers, etc. Also, 33 women are working as shaping machine operators
or welders and are surpassing their norms 30 percent, and more than 2C women are
employed as skilled polishers.(4k)
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1. Bucharest, Munca, 1 oct 53
2. Ibid., 19 Sep 53
3? Bucharest, Romania Libera, 8 Sen 53
4? Bucharest, Scanteia, 23 Sep 53
5"? Ibid., 21 Apr 53
6. ibid., 17 APr 53
7? Ibid., 23 APr 53
8? Munca, 3 SeP 53
9? Scanteia, 3 Sep 53
lo. Munca, 16 oct 53
11. Munca, 17 Oct 53
12. Ibid., 22 APr 53
13. Munca., 2 Oct 53
14. Scanteia, 24 Apr 53
15? Ibid., 4 Apr 53
16. Thid., 2~ Sep 53
17? , Munca, 14 Oct 53
18: Scanteia, 8 APr 53
19. Ibid., 2 Apr 53
20. Ibid., 9 Sep 53
21. Munca, 6 oct 53
22. Ibid., 9 Oct 53
23? Ibid., 13 Sep 53
24. Ibid., 23 SeP 53
25. Ibid., 10 Sep 53
26. Ibid., 20 Sep 53
27. Scanteia, 5 Sep 53
28. Munca, 17 Sep 53
29? Ibid., 4 Sep 53
30. Scanteis, 17 Sep 53
31. Ibid., 15 Apr 53
32? Munca, 3 Oct 53
33? Scanteia, 10 Apr 53
34? Munca, 5 Sep 53
35? Ibid., 21 Oct 53
36. Ibid., 16 SeP 53
37? Scaoteis, 13 Sep 53
38? Bucharest~Scanteia Tineretului 16 Sep 53
39? Munca~l0 oct 53
40. Scanteia, 10 Sep 53
41. Ibid., 27 SeP 53
42. Munca, 4 Oct 53
43? Scanteia, 20 SeF 53
44. Munca, 2 SeP 53
45? Ibid., 13 oct 53
46. Sranteia, 1C Sep 53
47. Bucharest, Informatia Hucurestiuiui, 8 Sep
48. Munca, 20 Oct 53
49? Ibid., 24 Sep 53
50. rnid., 22 oct 53
51. Scanteie, 9 Apr 53
50X1-HUM
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