INCREASED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION URGED IN RUMANIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700160343-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 343
• Publication Date: March 3, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/08: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700160343-2
HOW
PUBLISHED
SUBJECT Economic y3 Agriculture, harvest, financial aid
COUNTRY Rumania
CLASSIFICATION 2211IUT2ITIAI,
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
Daily newspapers
Bucharest
1-30 Aug 1953
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
NO. OF PAGES 15
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
INCREASED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION URGED IiR RUMANIA
I
fomment: This report was compile: from Auwst 1953 is
sues of
the Bucharest daily newspapers Viatu Capitalei, Romania Libera, and
Scanteia. It includes the following information:
Premier Gheorrhe Gheorghiu-Dej admitted that the insufficient
attention and support given to agriculture and the food industry had
resulted in acute food shortages and near famine in the country.
The state has promised large credits to state farms, collectives,
TOE, and individual peasants. In return, the state expects in-
creased production in grain, cotton, sunflower seeds, sugar beets,
potatoes, vegetables and fruit, bovines, sheep, and hogs.
Extensive criticism of negligence and complacency by regiune,
raion, and commune people's councils has been voiced by volunteer
local. correspondents and by the special investigating correspondents
of the newspapers. It is significant to note that even a number of
state farms neglected their duties and consequently did not fulfill
their quotas. Bucharest Regiune, with many state farms and large
collectives, is a special target for criticism. The criticisms of
threshing and other late summer activities are countrywide, however.
These complaints are far more numerous and extensive then in 1952,
when the crop was a very poor one. The very number of complaints
may suggest the possibility that the errors were due to more than
negligence.
Information is given by regiunes, arranged in alphabetical
order.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources-.7
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General
Agricultural workers have an ir.;portunt role in the plans of the party and
the government of the Rurmtnion Pca l-'u Reiublic. Our present regime has given
peasants an opportunity to till their sail user better conditions than ever
before, Peasants have beer,;iven selected seeds, they have been exempt from
taxes, and they i?? ve r,-n ._ .u.1 credits to increase :r?r_cultural production
rd livestock it:?rcr,t>r;::;,
Peasants !c:v- b-?-ome more and more convinced of the advantages of col-
lecti;?e tillinrr of large areas of land with state-owned machines. Consequently,
cl?;'-? en r0n,000 pea-?:nt fealties united of their own free will to form 1,980
C, ? I!rh 1 t of 77'2,000 hectares, and close to 2,000 TOZ with a
1it'"1 %t,000 beet-,.rer In 2ttch.r_?re iteciune alone, there are more than .190
o
r: mre t` n 0 ^r..; Thy t.cesses obtained by collectives and
rrr r?_ - tt r?trt '1 ' ; ui%1-rc y
.,ants. In 1953, large numbers of
ant t n l_% itvre ?lo n l c: t tan toll ..t,ives and TOZ, and others have asked'
nC r?r.?:...,.:n:. rc :-n ne?.t ..:,ll--,' >..
iad e::ecutionr:Lly Jorge hr,rvcstc of good quality and set a: good
for collectives, TOZ, and individual _nsants in or~anizin; labor.
!.cam : I ' t: , - , , ~ t a0 r._tL_1 t,; Lie plenary session of the d
:t Co,??naitte;e of ?r, ,i:; or rs Party, held 19-20 August ca
1953, , revealed a
r of cch r'co t . stns in -.hr economic policy of Rumania. The
-t allowed that state Ina:err an had not been fairly distributed in proportion
:.o the C,xpnndinr neerls of t'r.e national cconor?. La
,.,, y. rr?e investments were rrantcd to
-,,y 1*:.Just,r;, :::d to larfge construction projects, while agriculture and the con-
s,w.ur -an-Jo in(luctr? !,,al been granted entirely inadequate inventr.ents. This lack
of funds rot-.ri d both agriculture and the consumer goods industry, and conse-
ge'atly the standard of living of the working people and the notional. economy
.u::" real.
The ref-)rt nointud out r. 1'urt!:er si:ortcorain?. Independent peasants have
ven :arlficient attention even thot,r!, they turn over to the state 75
r.f their agricultur:1 arcdur_e. These resents did not get enough credits
L, buy selected seed:, to buy rich treed animals, etc. Insufficient assistance
t . c.. Locttvec cans another point wider discussion it the plenary session. Col-
. :? ? not been ad?.aquc:tcly subsidized.
Therefore, they have not become
n..ru?t n;at ;u;:r,licrs .,. , ?icuLturaa Pr'ducts.
-
Co ove conditions, the state will place some 6 billion lei at the dis-
ye :.l ni' ceatculture during 1953-1955. This is twice the amount allotted to
;r'.:uttu;?c for tee years 1950-1952, Cheap credits will be ,ranted to individual
ncasante in. 19; -1;55 to buy livestock and agricultural implements. The ner.sants
erred assistance by veterinary experts to improve and increase
r ''?-rc.t1 :.r.?r]:? lndividw,l. Cause will enjoy the help of MTS to increase nro-
:,Lic6 o: ecesant:.,
iu- l..Ion, ,._., will to 1educerl.
,r.t:_te fans must not a good example for working peasants; they must produce
cheire seeds and. high breed cattle, which should be made available to collectives
and individual peasants. State farms must constantly strive to increase the
quantity end quality of grain, of vegetables, and of industrial plants.(1)
he above is taken from a speech by Gheorghe Gheorchiu-De j7
A tot--.l of 219 MTS have been set up, with an inventory of 9,680 tractors,
2,050 sowers, 1,4110 re: nor-binders, rind 2,970 cultivators. State
additional 4,400 farms own an
tractors rend other machines,
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The areas cultivated with industrial plants have also increased. Out-
standing results have been obtained in cotton growing, and more and more indi-
vidual peasants have started cotton cultivation.(2)
ofincthe country must
considerably exceed
the the prewar aof bread potatoes, vegetables, fodder, milk, and meat. Financial aide oagri-
culture in general will be three times as large in 1954 and 1955 as it was in
1953. Collectives and TOZ will be granted additional credits of 100 million
lei in 1954 and 200 million lei in 1955. State farms and MTS will be strength-
ened. New MTS will be set up and large numbers of new machines will be added
to existing inventories-0)
At the Congress of Agricultural Collective Leaders, C. Prisnea, Minister
of Agriculture, discussed the duties outlined by the party and the government
for agriculture in the future, as follows: in the next few years, agriculture
must produce 10 million tons of grain annually, as rgainst the present annual
production of 6-7 million tons. Cotton plantations must be extended to 300,000
hectares, A yield of 1,100-1,200 kilograms of cotton per hectare must be ob-
tained on irrigated plantations, and 600-700 kilograms of cotton per hectare on
nonirrigated land. Agriculture must produce annually about 2.5 million tons of
sugar beets, 450,000 tons of sunflower seeds, and 3.2 million tons of potatoes.
Grape and fruit production must also be increased considerably. The number of
bovines must be increased to 5.5 million head, that of sheep to 15-16 million,
and that of hogs to 4.5 million.
Individual peasants must also be assisted and guided. Individual peasants
who pirated cleaned and selected seeds had crops of up to 920 kilograms of wheat
from one half hectare of land, or about 150-200 kilograms more per h eetere than
the crop-, of individual peasants with similar parcels of land who did not follow
agricultural rules. If a village of 1,000 individual peasants used selected
seeds and followed agricultural rules, each peasant would have 150-200 kilograms
more per hectare, and 15-20 additional carloads of wheat could easily be obtained
by the village.
Individual peasants have the facilities to raise more animals than at pres-
ent. Experts in animal breeding must guide and teach these peasants to raise
high-breed cattle and to produce the best fcdder.
The executive committees of regiune, raion, and commune people's councils
have a great obligation in this drive. They must recruit engineers and tech-
nicians and must keep in close touch with them.
Sustained and constant attention must also be devoted to collectives and
TOZ, as they have great resources to increase agricultural production and animal
raising. Many leading collectives, such as those in Slobozia-Mandra, Bucharest
Regiune,ard in Vaida, Oradea Regiune, harvested 2,000-3,000 kilograms of wheat
per hectare, which was 800-1,000 kilograms per hectare more than individual
peasants obtained.
MTS must also be supervised and instructed more closely. Some MTS were
responsible for considerable losses of crops through faulty machine repairs and
lack of adequate mobile repair shops, Agricultural inspectors must call fre-
quently at MTS, collectives, and TOZ.
The Ministry of Agriculture will take measures to consolidate MTS and to im-
prove their guidance and control. Collectives, TOZ, and individual peasants will
be advised and instructed in agricultural methods. Courses and lectures will be
given regularly in villages.(4)
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Bacau F tune
In some regiunes, threshing; and shallow plowing was completed by 2 August
-'?
3 Tile day nut. the case in Borne F" ;tine, Imrortart surer work lagged
be:el:ied in this r:?giun?i, bec:n:se of the lack of g'll l'.ncc and supervision by the
executive coarrtttee of reg;iune people's council, Ti rturn, the raion execu-
ve committees did not do?:ote attention to the or;irilt-.tfon of labor and the
W-.' of mar l.ov.er. At ltinucl Raion, for example, threshin;- and plowing were far
behind. P.;-itr,;ors of Buhusi Onion were not sufficiently instructed. Conse-
quent-:y ommune peal ie's ' ounoils did not draw up plans for the r,,-u=er campaign,
and peaeinte were not advised on the application of agricultural methods and riles.
r: ?n: n r is threehin- and shallow nlowin,o Inured
t,. dl;y. A,, in a very unCati factory n_.nn