TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84-00893R000100180001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 5, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 9, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

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Directorate of
Intelligence
T ~~Y
Terrorism
Review
GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
475
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Secret
Review
Does Fatah Rebellion
Mean More Terrorism?
(OGI)
3 South Africa:
New Stage of ANC Terrorism?
(~Il
5 Group Profile:
West Germany's Kexel-Hepp Group
(OCRJ
7 Special Analysis:
Rightist Terrorism in West German}
(EURA)
Chronology
Comments and queries regarding this publication may be directed to the Deputy
Director, Instability and Insurgency Center, OJ~ce of Global Issues, telephone
i Secret
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Arafat will probably want to avoid a total return to
international terrorism and keep a PLO hand in any
terrorist attacks hidden, for fear the adverse effects on
the PLO's image would outweigh any gains. We
believe, however, that at this time he is less able to
influence the actions of Palestinian radicals. We judge
that there is an increased likelihood that some of the
pro-Syrian radicals may undertake terrorist opera-
tions to embarrass Arafat and frustrate US diplomacy
in Lebanon, especially if Syria feels that its interests
in the Golan Heights are not being addressed. Fur- .
thermore, there is always a substantial risk that
individual terrorists, with or without Syrian or formal
PLO approval, will stage terrorist attacks.
Secret
GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
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Does Fatah Rebellion
Mean More Terrorism?
We believe that the recent mutiny of Fatah dissidents
in the Bekaa Valley, which has helped to weaken
Arafat's political position, and the enhanced influence
of Palestinian radicals, supported by Syria and Libya,
increase the possibility of Palestinian terrorism.
There is fragmentary evidence that a Fatah operative
was responsible for a grenade attack on US Marines
in Lebanon and that Fatah elements may be planning
more attacks on the Multinational Force (MNF). We
cannot determine whether these activities-if con-
ducted by Fatah operatives-have been countenanced
by Arafat or are the work of renegades acting unilat-
erally.
Some of the radical Palestinians may press for further
attacks against the MNF, but the MNF's ability to
provide at least some protection for Palestinian civil-
ians in Lebanon may restrain Palestinian guerrillas
from launching a concerted campaign.
Arafat may be under pressure to appease leftists and
militarists by permitting attacks against non-Israeli
targets. He may hope that limited attacks would serve
to placate radical forces and help ensure his continued
leadership of Fatah and the PLO. Terrorism would
therefore be designed to help improve PLO morale
and to demonstrate that the organization, despite its
weakened position, is still a factor to be reckoned with
and has the potential to play a spoiler role in any
peace process. Arafat may also be forced to give tacit
.. approval to Fatah-sponsored terrorism to protect him-
self from being branded as insufficiently militant.
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South Africa:
New Stage of ANC Terrorism?
The car bombing in Pretoria on 20 May 1983, which
killed 19 and injured 217, may signal a change in
terrorist strategy by the African National Congress
(ANC). The car bomb exploded adjacent to the
headquarters of the South African Air Force and
across the street from the Directorate of Military
Intelligence just before rush hour. The explosion
razed 15 shops, damaged 35, and destroyed at least 30
cars. The ANC issued a statement claiming "Spear of
the Nation," its military wing, carried out the opera-
tion. The authorities have been unable to apprehend
the perpetrators and believe that they left the country
within 48 hours of the attack
This was the first car bomb used in South Africa.
Forensic analysis indicates that 30 to 50 kilograms of
RDX plastic explosives was welded into a .panel in. the
trunk of the stolen car. The timing device was more
sophisticated than normally used; ANC bombs are
usually either Soviet-made limpets or amateurish.
The motor number of the stolen car had been removed
in an effort to hinder indentification.
The timing of the blast and the type of bomb used
indicates that the ANC was willing to accept heavy
civilian casualties, despite its claims that the attack
was directed against a military target-Air Force
Headquarters. The massive destruction of windows in
the area, due to suction caused by the explosion and
not the force of the bomb, created the same effect as
lethal shrapnel. The ANC has for years attempted to
avoid injuring civilians in its attacks. Communiques in
the wake of the 20 May operation, however, have
stated that guerrillas now will concentrate on inflict-
ing heavy casualties on government security forces.
The Pretoria bombing could indicate that younger,
more radical members of the ANC have gained a
decisive influence over more cautious veterans, or the
young militants mi ht have acted inde endently.
he explosion
may have been the work of foreign terrorists hired by
LJ/~ I
The South African Government decided to retaliate.
In the first use of their Air Force for across-border
attack on suspected ANC installations, the South
Africans on 23 May bombed a section of Maputo in
which they alleged the following targets were located:
? A house where terrorist acts in the Transvaal were
planned.
? Two logistic headquarters for supplying weapon
.and explosives. 25X1
? An ANC command headquarters where final brief-
ings were given to trained members before infiltrat-
ing South Africa.
? "Main Camp," where terrorists were housed in
transit.
? "September House," where rural terrorism for the
Transvaal was planned.
According to the US Embassy in Maputo, however,
tours by the diplomatic corps of the five targets
suggest South African intelligence may have been
dated. According to their report, all targets had been
vacated by the ANC some time ago or were civilian.
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The ANC denied responsibility for a bomb that
exploded under a car in downtown Bloemfontein two
days after the airstrike. This bomb was relatively
unsophisticated, and damage was limited. Although
there were no injuries, the blast occurred at midday
near an employment office for blacks. The ANC
accused an extreme rightwing white group of perpe-
trating the incident to tarnish the ANC's image with
blacks.~~ 25X1
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GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
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Group., Profile:
West Germany's Kexel-Hepp Group ~~ ~ 25X1
The. Kexel-Hepp Group (named .for its founders,
Walther Kexel, 21, and Odfried Hepp, 25) is a
rightwing West German terrorist group.that West
German authorities believe was responsible for sophis-
ticated bomb attacks in December 1982 against LJS
military personnel near Frankfurt in which two
American soldiers were severely injured. These were
the first.incidents, German authorities say, in which
Americans were the~targets of rightwing terrorists. A
tip from a Frankfurt resident led police to an apart
ment hideout, where three members of the Kexe1-
Hepp Group (not including either Kexel or Hepp) .,
were arrested in February 1983. Those arrested later
confessed to the bombings. The police also suspect the
group of staging a bank robbery in Ortenberg, Hesse,
in November 1982. 25X1
Later in February, British police arrested Kexel
southwest of London. Hepp, once a resident of West
Berlin, remains at large; police confiscated his pass-
port in December from a West Berlin apartment.
belonging to another known neo-Nazi, Andreas Ha-
gen. German authorities most recently have speculat-
ed that he has escaped to the Near East. Since Kexel's
arrest, the West German police have discovered sever-
al of the group's caches of money and ammunition; at
those sites, solar igniters similar to those used in the
Frankfurt-area attacks were found.
Background 25X1
Kexel and Hepp weie originally associated with sepa-
rate rightwing terrorist organizations-Kexel with the
People's Socialist Movement of Germany/Workers
Party (VSBD/PdA) and Hepp with the Viking Youth,
the VSBD/PdA, the Relief Organization for National
Political Prisoners, the Black Forest Militant Unit;
and the Hoffmann Military Sport Group. According
to West German authorities, hardcore members of
both the VSBD/PdA and the Sport Group received
training from Fatah in Lebanon in the use of infantry
weapons, explosives, and guerrilla tactics during 25X1
1980-81._Hepp had fled West Germany in October
1980 to train with the Sport Group just before he was
t;o be brought to trial for neo-Nazi activities.
he later became disillusioned
with the Sport Group's leader, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann,
who he claimed punished and even tortured members
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GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
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Federal Criminal Office in July 1982, Kexel and
Hepp:.
? Declared their "farewell to Hitlerism" and "all
bourgeois forms of national socialism," especially the
"fetishists of the so-called Nazi Movement."
? Stated their goal of carrying out an undogmatic
liberation struggle that will ensure a continuation of
the German people.
? Condemned those they called bourgeois nationalists
for "flirting with the capitalistic West."
? Labeled the United States the enemy and accused it
of occupying West Germany and mentally and spiri-
tually suffocating the German people.
? Claimed to belong to neither the right nor the left
and to be willing to welcome all supporters of their
cause, even non-Germans.
? Declared that although they "accepted the power of
Bolshevism," they want neither aSoviet-style German
republic nor a US-style federal state, but a neutral
Germany that would live in peace and friendship with
the Soviet Union
in a~criminal organization and of spreading Nazi
ny. Hepp was subsequently convicted of membership
of the group. In June 1981 Hepp appealed to the
German Embassy in Beirut to be returned to Germa-
propaganda and was sentenced to 16 months in iail.
He was released from prison on probation
In June 1982 Kexel and Hepp founded the Kexel-
Hepp Group, with headquarters initiall in Offenbach
and later in Frankfurt
exel was the
leader of the group and Hepp was second in com-
mand. In a lengthy letter sent to the West German
Despite the apparent ideological neutrality of some of
their stated goals, all members of the Kexel-Hepp
Group arrested so far have been known to the police
as rightwing extremists and have maintained contact
with former members of the now banned neo-Nazi '
Sport Group.
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Special Analysis
Rightist terrorism;in West Germany is a direct
descendant of Hitler's.National Socialist Party, but it
reemerged somewhat later than in Italy, where major
postwar terrorism dates from 1969, and is less of a
problem..The especially odious legacy of the Nazis
has'served to limit the appeal of neo-Nazi groups. The
lack of significant Communist party activity in the
Federal Republic has also deprived rightists of a
traditional rallying point.
Extreme. rightists vilify the Bonn government for its
presumed acquiescence in the. postwar division of
Germany and for its toleration of "LJS occupation
forces.?' They also attempt to portray Nazi concentra-
tion camps and the Holocaust as malicious fiction
invented ~to .discredit the Hitler regime. Like. the'
Nazis, they strike against Jews and, more recently,
"guestworker". groups like the Turks, all. of whom ,
they regard as threats to Germanic culture. Several
terrorist groups posing as political movements have
achieved a~small degree of success in some quarters by
exploiting slogans for the expulsion of foreigners from
the country. In 1981 the West German security
service reported almost 2,000 violations of the law and
92 incidents of violence by rightist groups.
Terrorist Groups .
While several West German. political groups support
rightist terrorism? or engage in syoradic acts of politi-
cal violence
only three,groups as pre omtnant y terrorist organiza-
tions: the Hoffmann Military Sport Group (WSGH),
the National: Socialist Action .Front (ANS), and the
West Germany:
Rightwing Terrorist Groups/Organizations
WSGH Hoffmann Military Sport Group (Wehrsportgruppe-
Hoffmann)
AKON Action for German Unity (Aktion Oder Neisse/Bund
fuer Deutsche Einheit)
DBI German Citizens Initiative (Deutsche 25X1
Buergerinitiative)
ANS .Action Community of National Socialists (Aktions-
front Nationaler Sozialisten)
HNG Relief Organization for National Political Prisoners
(Hilfsorganisation fuer Nationale Politische .
Gefangene)
KNS National Socialist Combat League (Kampfbund Na-
tionaler Sozialisten)
WJ Viking Youth (Wiking Jugend)
NDAP National German Workers Party (Nationale Deut-
sche Arbeiterpartei) '
VSBD/ People's Socialist Movement of Germany/Labor Par-
PdA ty (Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Par-
iei der Arbeit)
DVU German People's Union (Deutsche Volksunion)
IfA.. Initiative for Restricting Foreigners (Initiative fuer,
Auslaenderbegrenzung)
BBI Citizens and Farmers Initiative (Buerger- and 25X1
Bauerinitiative) '
NSDAP/ National Socialist German Workers Party/Foreign
AO and Construction Organization (Nationalsozialis-
tische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei/Ausland- and Auf- 25X1
bau-Organisation)
KDS German Soldiers' Combat League (Kampfbund
'
?
Deutscher Soldaten)
Kexel-Hepp Group
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GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
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Victims q/'Oktoberfest bomb
blast, September 1980, lie in
The Sport Group, to date West Germany's most
violent rightist terrorist group, was founded in 1973
by Karl-Heinz Hoffmann as a paramilitary organiza-
tion. Hoffmann wrote in the Group's newsletter,
Kommando, that his organization wanted to liberate
Germany from both Russian and US forces and that
he hoped to establish contact with anti-Israeli forces
in the Middle East. We believe the Sport Group
received some of its funds from former SS members,
but it may also have raised money by selling used
military equipment to the Palestine Liberation Orga-
nization (PLO)
In January 1980 the West German Government
banned Hoffmann's organization on the grounds that
it was hostile to the constitutional order of the state.
When the Munich Oktoberfest was bombed in Sep-
tember 1980, causing several deaths and many inju-
ries, however, West German investigative authorities
readily traced responsibility for the act to Sport
Group member Gundolf Kohler, who was killed in the
explosion. In raids on Sport Group targets in 1980,
West German police uncovered large quantities of
neo-Nazi and antisemitic propaganda as well as ex-
plosives, weapons, and ammunition. Documents also
revealed that the Group was planning attacks on US
military facilities in West Germany and on UN
targets in Lebanon
In 1981 several former Sport Group members con-
fessed that in 1980 Hoffmann sought to reestablish
the group in the Middle East throu h contacts estab-
lished earlier with the PLO.'
the Sport Group had about 400
members at the time it was banned and that some 15
or 20 hardcore members went to Lebanon in 1'980
with Hoffmann. The unifying link between Hoff-
mann's followers and leftist Palestinians was antise=
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mitism and hostility to Israel~~ 25X1
In early 1981 several Sport Group members who `
escaped from the Bir Hassan camp near Beirut
contacted the West German Embassy in Lebanon
asking for repatriation. They told of mistreatment at
' Udo Albrecht, a West German national with neo-Nazi leanings
but no known affiliation introduced Hoffmann to Abu Ayyad of
the PLO. Albrecht as a
freelance figure who drifted into criminal activities to support
himself and who is thought to with
Palestinians in the early 1960s lbrecht
fought in Jordan with Fatah an tat ~e may ave een in contact
with Arab groups in West Germany at the time of the Munich
Olympics massacre. He was arrested by West German authorities
in the late 1970s but esca ed to East German
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the hands of Hoffmann. and violent disagreements
between him and one other Sport Group member who
died as a result of torture. Another who had tried to
escape, they reported, committed suicide. From infor-
mation provided by these defectors, West German
authorities learned that Hoffmann himself was in
West Germany. He was apprehended at Frankfurt
airport in June 1981 while boarding a flight for
Damascus. Further defector information led West
German authorities to charge Hoffmann and his
longtime companion, Franziska Birkman, with the
murder of a Jewish publisher and a woman friend in
Erlangen in December 1980.2
According to confessions of the former Sport Group
members, Hoffmann planned an "armed battle"
against FRG targets. and US interests in West Ger-
many. He intended to carry this out with Sport Group
members as well as foreign neo-Nazis he hoped to
recruit. the Sport Group's
core disintegrated as a result of Hoffmann's own
brutality toward his followers in Lebanon.
The National Socialist Action Front (ANS) is headed
by Michael Kuehnen, described by West German
officials in June 1982 as the FRG's leading neo-Nazi.
He founded the Action Front in 1974, but little is
known of its early activities beyond its dissemination
of propaganda praising Hitler, excoriating the Bonn
government, and preaching racial hatred. We have no
recent statistics on the group's size, but in 1978 a
Kuehnen lieutenant claimed the group had 150 mem-
bers.
Kuehnen was sentenced to 10 months in jail in early
1978 for public incitement to violence. In 1979 he and
five codefendants were tried in the first judicial
proceeding against a rightist organization in Germany
since the Nuremburg Trials after.. World War II.
Charges against them included fostering a terrorist
organization, bank robbery,? attacks against NATO
installations, and arms theft. Kuehnen drew afour-
year sentence and remained in prison until his release
on 30 November 1982.
According to West German press accounts, Kuehnen 25X1
has asserted that he will reorganize the ANS.
the Front decayed in his
absence. The group may indeed be having internal
difficulties; in May 1981 two of its members killed a
comrade accused of homosexuality and were given life
sentences. In our judgment, Front members could
either be regrouped by Kuehnen or absorbed by
another terrorist organization.' The Battle League of
National Socialists, a new group first identified in
September 1982, has already claimed to be the
Front's successor
the three men arrested in February 1983 in Frankfurt 25X1
for bomb attacks on US Army personnel in .West
Germany are members of the Kexel-Hepp Group, an
organization made up of former Sport Group mem- 25X1
tiers. Odfried Hepp escaped apprehension in Frank-
furt and is still at large. Walther Kexel and a comrade
were arrested in England in late February and are 25X1
awaiting extradition. Confessions made by the terror-
ists to the police and explosive materials found in their
Frankfurt apartment support
the Kexel-Hepp Group was responsible or a num er
of the recent attacks on US facilities in West Germa-
ny that had previously been attributed to leftwing 25X1
terrorists. One of the men apprehended in Frankfurt
told German officials the group had planned to bomb
playground facilities at American residential sites.
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three other possible
neo-Nazi groups about which little is known. The 25X1
Nazi Rockers Motorcycle Gang and the Foreign
Extermination Commando/Germany have attacked
Turkish workers. The German Workers' Youth
' A press report of late February 1983 asserted that Kuehnen and
two export Group members met secretly in Frankfurt in mid-
January to reorganize the neo-Nazi movement. Allegedly, 50
people were at the meeting and founded the Action Front of
National Socialists/National Activists "to unite neo-Nazi splinter
groups" throughout the FRG. 25X1
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staged a winter solstice celebration in Mainz in
December 1982, which was attended by ANS leader
Michael Kuehnen following his release from prison.
Political Party Links ~ . .
Despite a ban against neo-Nazi parties, splinter
groups espousing that ideology began to crop up in
West Germany in the 1950s. The most important far-
right party was founded in 1964 when several groups
merged to form the National Democratic Party. The
NPD never cleared the 5-percent-vote threshold re-
quired to gain a seat in the federal parliament,
peaking at 4.3 percent in the 1969 national election:
Since 1969 it has failed to retain even its state seats,
and in the 1980 and 1983 federal elections it got only
0.2 percent of the vote.
That the loss of the NPD's voice in representative
political institutions helped push extreme rightists into
extralegality is supported by West German security
service reports pointing out that neo-Nazi terrorist
groups grew in the 1970s just as .extreme right
political party activity declined. The West German
security officials now estimate the combined member-
ship of all rightist political organizations at only
20,000 people. By far the largest is the German
People's Union (DVU) with 10,000 members. The
NPD has dropped to only about 7,300. The remaining
members of rightist political groups are dispersed
among 70 or more organizations.
As with Italy, it is often difficult to draw a clear line
between West German rightist political and terrorist
groups. Some political groups appear to be politicized
street gangs, but we believe they also harbor individ-
uals who commit terrorist acts not always sanctioned
by; the organization. Only the NPD as a party appears
not to have been a terrorist front, although we believe
some of its members may have participated in vio-
lence. Most of the other far-right political organiza-
tions engage in illegal activity and some in actual
violence. The People's Union and another group, the
Citizens and Farmers Initiative (BBI), foster terrorism
indirectly through inflammatory propaganda praising
Nazism and attacking Jews and foreigners. A Union
subsidiary organization launched in 1980, the Initia-
tive for Restricting Foreigners (IfA), exploits growing
public resentment of foreign laborers. West German
security service officials state that Union publications
encourage ?violent attacks on foreign groups.
Several other purportedly political organizations-the
German Citizens' Initiative (DBI), the People's So- ?
cialist Movement of Germany/Workers' Party
(VSBD/PdA), the German Soldiers' Combat Union
(KDS), and the Viking Youth (WJ}-appear to be
more directly involved with terrorism. The~DBI is the
most important of the four.
its founder, Karl Roeder, as one of the
country eas l1 ding rightist terrorists. In September ?
1980, Roeder was accused of a bombing attack on a
Hamburg home for refugees in which two Vietnamese
were killed. Moreover, various reports link him to
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known terrorists. While we believe that Roeder is a 25X1
major supporter of and occasional participant in ?
rightist terrorism, he and the Initiative seek to retain
a facade of respectability and engage in violence
under cover names or through terrorist associates.
25X1
The People's Socialist Movement and- its subsidiary;
Youth Front (JF), were banned in January 1982.
Before that, several Socialist Movement members
were arrested and prosecuted for terrorist acts: The-
organization's leader, Friedhelm Busse, was arrested
in October 1981_, after he and several group members 25X1
threw a hand grenade at Munich police who were
trying to apprehend them for a holdup attempt
a number of VSBD/PdA
members were once political prisoners in East Germa-
ny and that at least one of them has admitted ?to
working as an East German intelligence agent before
coming to West Germany.
some o t ese ormer prisoners
may have been instructed by East German intelli-
Bence services to join rightist groups in the FRG to
foment destabilization activities from that quarter.
Kexel and
Hepp were active in VSBD/PdA activities after the
disintegration of the Hoffmann Sport Group.
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members of the People's Socialist Movement met
immediately after the group's banning to reform as
the Soldiers' Combat Union. We cannot determine
with certainty whether this is a continuation of the
People's Socialist Movement or represents an expan-
sion of the earlier Soldiers' Combat Union group
founded in the mid-1970s by Erwin Schoenborn. The
earlier Combat Union group
has been guilty of numerous attacks on
Jewish establishments. Schoenborn himself has been
charged with at least 90 criminal acts in Frankfurt
alone since 1970.
Viking Youth places more emphasis than other neo-
Nazi groups on old Germanic racial and cultural
concepts. It particularly venerates the Vikings as the
founding force of German ethnic unity, is anti-Chris-
tian, and reveres old Norse deities. Its Berlin group
appears to be particularly violent. West German
official and press reports recount various Viking
Youth beatings of individuals associated with leftwing
political causes. In 1980, four of its members were
sentenced in Berlin for assault and battery against
journalists participating in a television debate about
the US film Holocaust.
International Contacts
The major confirmed contact between West German
rightist terrorists and foreigners is the Sport Group's
arrangement with the PLO.
e exe - epp group con ac s m rance an
England. Beyond that,
foreign links are limited to liaison meetings,
supply of propaganda materials, small-scale passage
of weapons, and occasional funding.
neo-Nazi propaganda is regularly mailed
mto est Germany from the United States, and
French Government asylum policies make France an
easy haven for fleeing rightist terrorists.
We believe that West German rightist terrorists 25X1
periodically make contact with like-minded individ-
uals in other European countries, but we do not find
any pattern of coordinated activity. Although West
German authorities express concern over recent in-
creases in international contacts between neo-Nazis,
they do not foresee the creation of an international
network. Friedhelm Busse and his
Peoples' Socialist Movement had more contact than
any other West German group with terrorists outside
the FRG and that they were primarily in touch with
French counterparts. In November 1981 a French
radical rightist arrested in Switzerland admitted giv-
ing weapons to Socialist Movement members.
high unemployment and growing
resentment of foreign workers have increased the
potential for rightist violence in the FRG. Both
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political groups and terrorist organizations such as the
National Socialist Action Front have put "Stop the
Foreigners" ahead of their more usual antisemitism,
hatred of the Bonn government, and hostility to the
US presence. Recently published opinion polls indi-
cating increasing hostility to guest workers suggest
that-the pool of potential converts to rightist terrorism 25X1
may be growing. We believe that attacks on Turkish
workers will persist and may increase as long as the
West German economy remains stagnant. We suspect
that terrorist groups will also retain the capability and
fanaticism to launch large-scale attacks, such as the
1980 Oktoberfest bombing, despite their careful mon-
itoring by police and security services and the jailing
of several of their leaders.
rightist attacks on low-level US military person-
nel and their dependents may still occur in West
Germany. 25X1
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Statistical Overview
Type of Victim of International Terrorist Attacks, August 1982-May 1983 a
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Total 89 49 57 43 47 56 58
71
70
44
Government officials 5 1 0 2 2 6 2
3
5
4
Diplomats 46 29 35 20 22 27 33
35
34
21
Military 10 9 13 6 10 11 2
11
11
8
Business 13 4 2 11 8 1 9
7
7
6
Private parties, tourists, 2 5 3 2 4 7 9
missionaries, and students
6
8
2
Other 13 1 4 2 1 4 3
9
5
3
Geographic Distribution of International Terrorist Attacks, August 1982-May 1983 a
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Total 89 49 57 43 47 56 58
71
70
44
North America 8 2 7 0 4 3 5
5
2
7
Latin America 11 10 18 12 9 14 9
16
18
6
Western Europe 36 24 22 21 21 19 26
30
17
12
USSR/Eastern Europe 2 3 3 3 0 1 1
3
0
1
Sub-Saharan Africa 2 1 1 1 0 0 3
3
5
4
Middle East and North Africa 24 5 3 2 4 13 6
12
20
9
Asia/other 6 4 3 4 9 6 8
2
8
5
Deaths and Injuries Due to International Terrorist Attacks
1981 and 1982/83
Car bomb in Baghdad
killed 2. wounded 130;
Ankara airport attack
killed 9, wounded 70.
\ Car bomb in Pretoria, S.A.
killed 18, wounded 217.
Bombing of US Embassy
in Lebanon killed 57,
wounded 120.
1981/82
1982/83
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Chronology
unless new information has been received.
This chronology includes sign cant events, incidents, and trends in international
terrorism. It provides commentary on their background, importance, and wider
implications. It does not treat events listed in previous editions ojthe chronology
24 April 1983 France: Bombing by Direct Action Subgroup
In Paris, the "Autonomous Wing" of the radical leftist group Direct Action
claimed responsibility for the bombing of a police union office.~25X1
been abetted by Iranian Government supporters.
probably cause M-19 to splinter. 25X1
M-19 leader Jaime Bateman was aboard s25X
Late April 1983 Iraq: Sbia Terrorist Campaign
Two car bombs that exploded near Iraqi Government offices in Baghdad on 21
April may signal the beginning of an increased Shia terrorist campaign against the
government. the Iraqi Shia organization
behind the attacks has claimed credit for several anti-Iraqi and anti-French 25X1
attacks in Iraq and Pakistan in the past nine months. These operations may have
9 May 1983
groups.
Lebanon: Fatah Executes BJO Operatives
Five Black June operatives en route to assassinate several moderate PLO leaders
were arrested by Fatah Security in.the Bekaa Valley and executed in early May:
Abu Nidal's office in Damascus has issued threats against Arafat, Wazir, and
Khalaf in retaliation. The five carried PFLP-General Command documentation
that suggests operational cooperation, under Syrian sponsorship, between the two
the successful bombing of the US Embassy in Beirut.
Jordan: Attacks on US Interests
Bombs exploded at buildings housing two private US facilities in Amman-
AMID-East, a volunteer organization, and the American Insurance Company.
Despite substantial damage to the buildings, no casualties were sustained. The
explosives, which detonated after office hours, were apparently set to avoid
injuries. An unknown group, the Military and Revolutionary Committee of
Jordan, claimed credit. We are unable to connect these attacks with any organized
campaign against US interests in the Middle East. Low-level incidents claimed by
unknown elements such as these possibly represent imitative attacks generated by
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GI TR 83-012
9 June 1983
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in the UAE by the Abu Nidal group.
between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Syria whereby the UAE has agreed
to expel all members of the Syrian Muslim~Brotherhood and other Syrian
opposition groups in the UAE' in exchange for Syria preventing terrorist operations
West Germany: Surveillance of
US/NATO Ammunitions Ships
In Handelshafen, two individuals riding a motorcycle bearing antinuclear and' '~_
anti-Frankfurt-runway slogans were observed conducting surveillance on an
ammunition ship in the harbor. We have had previous information that individuals
aligned with grass-roots antinuclear and environmentalist groups have been
involved in surveilling US/NATO installations in preparation for future demon-
10 May 1983. UAE-Syria: Agreement Reached on Abu Nidal '
an agreement was reached in early May
responsibility for at least 10 letter-bombs sent to British Government offices.
United Kingdom: Arrests of SNLA Members ,
In Glasgow, three people were arrested as a result of police investigations into the
letter-bomb attacks of the Scottish National Liberation Army (SNLA), a Scottish
separatist group opposed to British rule. Since March 1982 the SNLA has claimed
15 May 1983 FRG-Libya: "Gentlemen's Agreement" on Terrorism
The West German Government released two Libyan citizens detained for
threatening anti-Qadhafi dissidents in exchange for eight Germans held hostage
by Tripoli. FRG officials suggested that the action was part of an informal
agreement between the two governments, which included verbal assurances of no
further illegal Libyan activities in West Germany. A Libyan convicted in the FRG
in 1979 for murder was earlier freed on 9 May in an exchange that involved the re-
lease of four other Germans imprisoned in Libya. The German Government has iri
the past quietly expelled foreign agents to avoid larger~political problems, as in the
case of at least two Syrian assassination squads in 1980 and 1982. We doubt that
Qadhafi would feel constrained by any understandings should he decide to attack
exiled dissidents in Germany.
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16 May 1983 Jordan: Threat Letter Received by US Embassy. in: Amman r.' s?.-~ ~~ ::~_; t ~' S, ~;
. On .16 May. the' US Embassy received a threatening letter from an unidentified
group, the Arab DemocratiaYouth. The 'handwritten letter, mailed from Irbid, .
_ . _ Jordan, outlined no specific actions to betaken, but did reference two recent
bombings against US targets in Amman and: attributed events in Lebanon, such as
the Sabra and Shatila massacres, to "American-Zionist terrorism." Although the
letter may have been.an.isolated act by frustrated individuals, the bombings in
' Amman, bombings. against Jordanian targets in Irbid.in November and February,
.. ~ ~ and widespread anti-American feelings in the Middle East suggest a heightened
threat.to US. interests 25X1
17 May 1983 Greece: Explosive Attacks Aimed at Middle East Targets
In Athens, two bombs exploded within 10 minutes; one.destroyed a Syrian
Embassy car and the other exploded outside a school attended by Libyan;student?;:?;
At least two groups-The Group of Martyrs. of Issam Sartawi and the Army for 25X1
? Iran's National Liberation-have claimed' credit? forthe attacks. We believe the
unsophisticated nature of the attacks points to a relatively obscure group.
18 May 1983
?. Kuwait: US Embassy Threatened . ; .. ~ ; ,
The US Embassy in Kuwait received information indicating that planning for an
attack, on the Embassy or its personnel was possibly under way. Without ?
specifically mentioning Kuwait; a SUS; demarche subsequently was'made on'; 21;'~ i:4:.
May to the chief aide of Syrian security chief: Rifaat Assad stating knowledge of a
Syrian threat to US interests in the ~Middle.East:.The aide reiterated Damascus's
intention to protect US personnel within Syria, .but promised to pass the
information on to Assad. 25X1
19 May 1983. Netherlands: Onkruit Publication of Classified Documents
The radical antimilitary group Onkruit published classified excerpts from civil
defense and. military. documents stolen: from unguarded military bunkers near The
Hague the night of 26 April. Legal attempts by Dutch authorities to block 25X1
publication proved unsuccessful. We note a continuing radicalization of Onkruit
over recent months.as more moderate.;members.are.pushed out of thegroup
20. May ? 1983 ; France: Release of Suspected Irish Terrorists ? ? - , .
In Paris, three members of the Irish ^Republican Socialist Party-wanted for
aerrorist-related, offenses in Northerm Ireland;-were ;released from custody after
? _ . , . defense attorneys alleged French police employed improper warrant and arrest
procedures in August 1982. The arrest of the three:_individuals, for possession of
arms and explosives, was touted in the Frerich media as the opening salvo in a na-
tional antiterrorist campaign.
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21 May 1983 West Berlin: Bombing by Revolutionary Cells
In West Berlin, the Revolutionary Cells (RZ) claimed responsibility for an early
morning explosion behind VIP reviewing stands that had been set up for the
annual Allied Forces Day parade. The explosion caused minor damage and no
injuries.
Italy: Firebombing of Papal Altar
In Milan, a Molotov cocktail destroyed the rostrum from which Pope John Paul II
was scheduled to celebrate mass during a visit to Northern Italy. Although no one
claimed credit for the attack, the authorities suspect the authors of a leaflet
distributed throughout the city protesting the amount of money spent on the Pope's
22-23 May 1983 Corsica: Upsurge in' FLNC Violence .
In major cities throughout the island, the separatist group Front for the Liberation
of Corsica (FLNC) conducted- 50 bomb attacks against mainland French-owned
properties. The attacks caused serious property damage. The attacks occurred
three weeks prior to a scheduled visit by French President Mitterrand and appear
to represent a direct challenge to French Commissaire Broussard who has been
charged with eliminating the terrorism problem in Corsica. 25X1
23-24 May 1983 Corsica: More Bombings
In Bastia, five bombs exploded, causing property damage but no injuries. No group
. has claimed responsibility, and police suspect the FLNC or feuding families
carrying out vendettas.
parades and displays, were probably the work of Basque terrorists
23 May 1983 Spain: Terrorist Bombings Mar Annual Military Show
In Burgos, two~bombs at telephone installations severed communications but
caused no injuries. The bombings, coinciding with the beginning of annual military
24 May 1983 Northern Ireland: Terrorist Car. Bomb
In Belfast, a 700-pound car bomb exploded in front of a police station, injuring 15
people and damaging more than 100 homes and offices. Police have reported that
gunmen hijacked a van and forced its owner to drive the bomb to the station under
threat of death. Although no group has claimed responsibility for the attack, Irish
nationalist terrorists are stepping up operations, we believe, in connection with the
British election campaign. British security forces in Northern Ireland are on full
. ,alert. 25X1
Belgium: Bombings Claimed by ASALA
In Brussels, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA)
claimed credit for two bombing attacks against Turkish tourism targets. No one
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25 May 1983
could well result in the FPL pursuing secondary but more vulnerable targets.
El Salvador: US Adviser.Murdered ... a ~ ~:-
Lt: Commander Albert Schaufelberger was assassinated on the grounds of the
Central American University. The.Popular Liberation Forces (FPL) claimed
credit. Schaufelberger, we believe; had been under discreet surveillance for some
time, and his.killing.was professionally:executed. The terrorists used a stolen
vehicle~ne gunman maintaining controlyof passersby, another holding Schaufel-
berger's fiancee, while a third did the shooting. The.assassin, according to
accounts, then cooly turned off the ignition of the victim's car and stole his
weapon. The three gunmen reentered their vehicle and left the scene at a moderate
rate of speed. ~ ~ - `25X1
An FPL pronouncement of a.continued assassination campaign against US
military advisers publicly commits the organization to further attacks or a loss of
credibility. Increased security measures taken to protect US military personnel
Navarre Province as part of the Basque national homeland.
In Berriz and Pamplona, bombs exploded outside four banks, causing serious
damage but no casualties. The choice of Pamplona~apital of Navarre-we
believe is linked to Basque independence goals,_which include the annexation of
Spain:, Basque Bank Bombings
26 May.1983 Northern Ireland:. Sectarian Violence Continues
In Belfast, gunmen. killed a policeman and seriously, wounded another man. We
believe Irish terrorists are responsible for the two attacks.
Italy: Terrorist Manifesto Marked_ by Anti-US/NATO Rhetoric 25X1
In Pisa, a 12-page manifesto signed by the military wing of the Red Brigades, the
Partito Communista Combattente (PCC), was placed at the entrance to a local
factory experiencing labor union problems..The manifesto attacked current US=
foreign policy and urged a "war against NATO." As a result of this manifesto and
other recent indications of, resurgent RB activity in the Tuscany area local
counterterrorist officials expect some Red Brigade-activity in the Pisa area in the
25X1
27 May;1983 . Spain: Bombing. of Government Offices ~ .
In San Sebastian, the radical Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) splinter
group, Autonomous Anticapitalist Command (CAA), claimed credit for bombing a
Social Security office. Two policemen and two office workers were injured. A
telephoned warning was too late to evacuate the building occupied by nearly 300
people. -
Spain: Basque Attacks on Banks Continue
In Hernani, the Basque terrorist-;group ETA claimed credit for the bombing of a
... bank,. which caused ~damage.but no injuries. Banks in the Basque country that
refuse to pay "revolutionary taxes" coritinue to be the target of ETA attacks.
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In Rome, Italian police arrested most-wanted Red Brigades (BR) terrorist
-Federica Meroni who had escaped in a spectacular prison break 17 months ago.
Documents found in the safehouse revealed the existence of a new BR splinter,
"Common Organization for the Liberation of Prisoners," whose aim appears
dedicated to freeing imprisoned terrorists. This group is led by imprisoned BR
leader Senzani and is composed of former BR and Prima Linea members. This
newly discovered splinter is another sign that imprisoned terrorists are able to
direct terrorist operations despite countermeasures by prison authorities.
against financial iristitutions~
Spain: Bombings at Spanish Resorts
In Marbella and Fuengirola, six bombs exploded, slightly injuring two people and
causing little damage. The explosions appeared timed to coincide with an
International Bankers -Conference .being held in Malaga, and we believe the
attacks were conducted- by ETA terrorists who continue their extortion attempts
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28 May 1983 Spain: CAA Attacks Continue
obtained from a recent successful kidnaping.
In Pamplona, tlie.Autonomous Anticapitalist Command (CAA) claimed responsi-
bility for the assassinations of two civil guardsmen on duty in the main post office
of the Navarre capital Two civilian postal employees were also injured in the
daylight attack,.which posed a clear risk to the nearly 60 innocent bystanders.
There has been a marked upsurge in the group's activity, probably fueled by funds
29 May 1983 Spain: Bombing of Petroleum Pipeline. ~ `~
Two small explosions ruptured the state-controlled petroleum company's pipeline
on its Bilbao-to-Valladolid leg. No group' claimed credit for the bombings, but we
suspect Basque terrorists.
Spain: Bombing of US Affiliate in Northern Spain
In Zaragoza, Rank Xerox was the target-for. the fourth time in recent months-
of abomb attack. No group has yet claimed credit for the attack, but we suspect
the anti-US group Iraultza may have been responsible because it has previously
claimed credit for attacks on this target.
Peru: State of Emergency Declared
Following several days of well-coordinated attacks in Lima and other areas in
Peru, President Belaunde declared a nationwide 60-day state of emergency: The
bombs blacked out power in several areas and damaged buildings, including a
Bayer chemical plant. Total damages from the attacks are expected to reach
several hundred million dollars. The attacks are evidence of the Shining Path's
continued ability to evade government forces.
1 June 1983 Italy: Arrest of Red Brigades Terrorist
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United Kingdom: SNLA Letter Firebombs,Continue
In London, a letter firebomb burst into flames at Conservative Party Headquarters
shortly before the arrival of British `Prime Minister Thatcher. No injuries or
damage resulted from the firebomb, which consisted of a small envelope contain-
ing abox of matches that acted .as a detonator and ignited the envelope when it .
was opened. The SNLA claimed credit for the attack in a communique to a press
5 June 1983 Lebanon: Assassination Attempt Against Libyan Diplomat
The Libyan Charge in Lebanon, Abdul-Kader Ghoga, was shot seven times at a
.Beirut Hotel by an individual claiming to be a member of the Syrian National So-
cial Party (SSNP). The Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners also
claimed responsibility. We believe it is unlikely that the SSNP was responsible,
,given close cooperation at present between~Syria and Libya. There is the possibility
that Fatah was involved as Fatah's internal fissures have -been abetted by Libya.
25X1
6 June 1983 Spain: Release of Kidnap Victim
In Madrid, Spanish aristocrat Diego Prado, kidnaped ,26 March by ETA
.guerrillas, was released unharmed. Although the Prado family refused any
. comment,.police sources believe a:ransom ?was paid for Prado's release but are
unsure if the family was able .to meet the $8 million figure demanded by the
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Secret
Secret
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