ACHIEVEMENTS AND ERRORS OF HUMANIAN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700070009-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 18, 2011
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 9, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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rLASSIFIC~ATIONIiEii.ii~. VD If ~Qf SCI'
CENTRALS ELLIGENCE AGENCY / REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY Rumania
SUBJECT Economic - Industry, electrical equipment,
HOW planning
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Bucharest
DATE
PUBLISHED Sep 1951
LANGUAGE
TNII OOCONINT CONTAIN[ IN,ONNNnoN NTPICTIN. TM, NATIONNC OVdNI
or TxI uxntN FlAir ?ITNI.I :-NN NIUUI or If nONIII .n NO
N. N. C.. II .NL ILNN .NINOU. In n.NNNINNION ON TN, NITIyTION
OP In CONTINn IN ANT N.NNIN TO IN NN.NTNONIIIO PINION n PNO?
MIIITIO NT 4N. NNPIOONC?ION OP TMIN PAIN IN PNONINITIO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1951
DATE DIST. I Jun 1952
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ACHIEVEMENTS AND ERRORS OF RUMANIAN ELECTRiICAL EQUIPMFDjp INDUSTRY
Oh. Soon
R. Lazar,: Engineer
The Rumanian People's Republic has undertaken a program to increase domestic
production of electrical equipment since Rumanian production has never been able
to satisfy the demand. Before World War II, the percentage of domestic supply
for individual items was as follows:
1931 1935 1937
Electric motors 13.2 2
Electric bulbs _ 6 5 15
Household equipment 6.2 47
Batteries 17.7 26.8
Entire industry 93.3 83 96
13.8 19.4 24.8
In 1937, 40 percent of the raw materials, by value, were imported for the
production of electrical equipment. Nationalization of the 75 electrical equip-
ment enterprises, and their reduction to 12 in 1948 created a basis for increased
and more efficient domestic production.
Output in 1950 - 1951 was considerably higher than the prewar level. The
variety of products greatly increased. Domestic production satisfied 65 percent
of the demand. By the end of the Five-Year Plan it is expected that production
will fulfill approximately 90 percent on the average needs and 100 percent for
ameeitem_. in fe:t, it is arpected that telepbone centrals, electrical. ma-
chinery of some ?ynes, _4:_1_sebs_j equipment, and batteries --i'_i be exported.
STATE
ARMY
17r
tji~ g~,?Ea,:-s iV
DISTRIBUTION
NSRB
FBI
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Rowevnr, toe increased level of production has created new problems. Pres-
ent facilities must be expanded and new plants must be built. This process it,
already under way. The Sovrommetal (Soviet-Rumanian Metallurgical Enterprise)
will supervise construction of a number of electrical equipment plants in Resita.
These plants will produce steam turbines, hydroelectric turbines, and electric
generators. The Vulkan Factory in Bucharest will be developed and expanded to
produce steam boilers for thermoelectric station and mechanical equipment such
as sluices, pressure equipment, and sluice valves for hydroelectric stations.
The Electra-hrtere Uzina (Electro-Putere Electrical Equipment Plant) in Craiova
has begun the output of transformers necessary for distribution stations, high-
tension equipment for central power plants, and electric motors rated at 50 to
2,000 kilowatts
Other plants which will undergo expansion are as follows: the Electro-
Precizia Fabrics (Electrical Instrument Plant) in Datulung, which will produce
induction and fractional horsepower motors; Electro-Motor (Electric Motor) in
Timisoara, which will produce induction motors of 7.5 to 30 kilowatts; and the
Dinamo Uzina (Dinamo Cotroceni Electric Plant) in Bucharest which will produce
special motors, large induction motors, direct current machinery, and genera-
tors for rural electrification. The Electro-Magnetica Uzina, formerly the
Vestitonl Telephone Equipment Factory, in Bucharest, is being expanded for
the manufacture of measuring instruments, relays, automatic telephones, auto-
matic telephone centrals, and other items.
A number of new plants will be built. They include a factory to be set up
in Bucharest for the production of low-tension equipment: a factory for the pro-
duction of electric cables and conduits, which at present are being manufactured
at Electro-Cablul (Electro-Caolul Electrical Equipment Plant) and at industria
farmei (Sarmel Industrial Wire Factory) in Campi 2urzii; a radio manufacturing
plant, to be built with materials from the USSR; and a modern factory for elect-
rical insulation material Plans for this latter factory were drawn up in the
USSR, The USSR is making all necessary processes available to it. Additional
planned constructions include a factory for ceramic insulation. Plans for this
factory were drawn up in the USSR. Equipment will come from Electro-Ceramica
of Turda.. A new inetitute for research and testing will be established. The
institute will be equipped with a laboratory fo- the development of new types
of products and facilities for research for the development of new construc-
tions,.
In accordance with provision; of the Five-Year Plan, a production shop has
begun operations at Electro-Aparataj (Electrical Equipment), a new shop has been
added at Electro-Precizia; a new lathe shop has opened in Dinamo, and shops are
being placed in operation in Electro-Putere These additions have contributed
greatly to increased production in these enterprises.
At the same time, the social welfare of workers has been furthered by the
opening of canteens, baths, and recreation halls at Electro-Motor in Timisoara,
Di.namo, the Electro-Precizia Electric Plant in Stalin, at the electrical equip-
ment plant in Sacele, and in others. A number of day nurseries have also been
established.
The electrical equipment industry achieved marked successes in the first 2
years of planned management. The 1949 plan was fulfilled 122.5 percent, the 1950
plan was fulfilled 102 percent, the plan for the first half of 1951 was fulfilled
108.5 percent
'i!:e 'sac, _-tore :ow trc lat-s :ate' .:nde'.arv_r, ___-'rte
a. L7E=i"eYy and
?QU:pment _ror n- min_o -_- eo?nt ? S "_?_5 plan esun, -arge
units suc_. as 7 C^.1',-k:-.-1a-t :. rverters. K:iovttt r.nc ors for the cement in-
3ustr_, >'z-ki:ctia for the pecroleuw iudustry,motors of 520 kilowatts
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and 1,000 kilowatts for furnaces and turboblowers, as well as transformers of
5,000 kilovolt-amperes were produced. In addition, a number of new products are
being manufactured by mass production for the first time. These include alter-
nating current meters, polyphase alternating current meters produced by Electr:,-
Magnetica, telecommunications equipment by the Radio Popular Factory, dial mra s-
ures, ueasuring instruments of various types, switches, automatic protection
devices, elevator motors, motors for cranes, street cars, new types of generators
for the electrification of villages and SMT (machine and tractor stations), high-
tension insulators, radio sets, hiusehold electrical equipment, and other items.
In 1950 and 1951, almost the entire demand for machines and tools for the petrol-
eum, cement, and machine tool industries can he met domestically.
To maintain this rate of production, specialists were trained for the main'
tenance of machines and equipment, and skilled workers were developed. They in-
clude winders, machine tool specialists, operators of fraising machines, lathes,
and die equipment.
Production costs have been progreFaively cut. In 1950, the cost -f electrical
equipment items was 13.5 percent lower than in 1949. In the first quarter 1951.
priceshad declined 12 percent, and in the second quarter they were an additional
2 percent lower,
The car?aign for the conservation of scarce raw materials was successful.
Copper wa_ replaced by aluminum or sheet Iron in machines and equipment. Plastics
were used for insulation instead of rubber.
A campaign was instituted to produce domestically materials which were for-
merly imported. Thus production began on magnets for telerhones, telephone
chords, and precision mechanisms for electric and telephone meters. This cam-
paign was led by Electro-Motor and Electro-precizia which adopted new methods
and created a series of standardized products. Electro-Motor reduced cost
prices 34 percent from 1950 to 1951. The two plants fulfilled their 1951
plans in only 8 months.
Competitions achieved great success in the field of electrical equipment
production, attracting 71.3 percent of all workers in the second quarter of
1951. In addition to individual competitions, ',here were 110 teams which par-
ticipated in group competitions. Technicians, innovators, and rationalizers
produced new methods and techniques. For exarple, C. Ionescu of the Acumatorul
(Battery) Plant developed a method for the simultaneous production of many
plates. This resulted in a saving of 1,404,4Po lei, Dan loan of Electro-
Aparata+, developed adjustable induction coils for polyphase alternating cur-
rent, which led to an annual saving of 1,352,962 lei, Stoenescu (fnu) and I.
Morega introduced a new method for testing electrical machines. This led to
an annual saving of 1,065,750 lei. Thirty-eigh' inucvations~nd new methods
were introduced in electrical equipment enterprises in the second quarter of
1951.
The expansion of the industry may t..o seer, in the following investment and
production percentages-
Year 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
Increase 100 195 240 300 37 445 550 690
:!'ba percentage of annual tcc-enc' by these : .:.:re3 :s is follows:
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Year 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
195 123 125 123 120 124 125
These figures do not include the value of investments in the new turbo-
generator plant in Resita, nor of the electric cable division of Industria
sarmei.
Over-all production increase in the industry, on a constant price basis,
is as follows:
Year 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955
Production increase
100 '
171
238
320
435
550
695
-Rate of increase
--
171
139
134
136
126
126
The increase in production of principal items is as follows:
Year
1949
1950
1951
1952
1955
Motors
100
222
320
440
1025
Generators
100
117
242
374
1710
Transformers
100
123
248
282
510
Radio sets
100
215
218
326
545
Insulated wiring
100
106
119
131
161
Over-all production
100
176
302
Opp
685
Despite these achievements mistakes were made. There was a tendency to
fulfill the investment plan as rapidly as possible without regard for its true
purpose. Financial arrangements and expenditures were made without provision
for the material or equipment purchased and in spite of the inadequate labor
force available. On 1 January 1951, only 65 percent of production equipment
was in use. The situation was little better on 1 July 1951.
Machine tools acquired through import or domestic production remained un-
packed for long periods of time. At Electro-Precizia in Stalin, 12 semiauto-
matic lathes were not unpacked for a year.. At Electro-Putere in C:'aiova and
Electro-Aparataj in Bucharest, a number of machine tools lay idle for a long
period before they were placed i*+ nporation. This situation shows that enter-
prise managements are content to fulfill the investment plan on paper without
understanding that the rational use of tools is a basic duty. Managements did
not place equipment into immediate operation because the investment plan did
not specify immediate use. The production pier 1cllr;xi the o 'f .east re-
sist.sace.
;:,stalled machinery -aa improper-y :scd- Muc'. time :sa
Only the first shift in a Plant made ly 6,;0
ations in the labor force e Of Liie ce equipment, Fluctu-
and unauthorized absences further reduced the operating
time of machinery. Various excuses were made, Dinamo, Electro-Aparataj, and
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Electro-Magnetica, in June 1951 claimed ttut they lacked certain necessary
materials. However, when these materials w:re delivered, they remained unused
for so long a time that some were no longer in good condition. Most machines
work-only one shift; where two or three could be established. Electro-Magnetica
operates machines in one shift only, except for bakelite presses which operate
in two.
Certain machines are more used than others, for example, the parallel lathe
of Electro-Motor and the mechanical press of Electro-precizia. This creates
bottlenecks in production. At the same time, other machines stand unused. The
percentage of use of machines in each enterprise is as follows:
Ente
i
Parallel
Automatic
Vertical
Praising
Mechanical
Shaping
rpr
se
Lathe
lathe
Machine
Planer
Press
Machine
Dinamo
6o
43
--
35
29
54
Electro-Motor
71
--
35
35
59
33
Electro-Precizia
33
43
49
--
78
--
Electro-Aparata,j
36
4o
27
26
25
--
Vestitorul
29
26
23
28
51
--
AEG (Bucharest)
44
--
35
35
--
--
Entire industry
38
32
31
28
38
43
A better utilization of tools would overcome many difficulties and bottle-
necks in production. There is also a need for greater cooperation among elect-
rical equipment enterprises and between such enterprises and other industries.
Greater cooperation would elimimate errors such as the following: Electro-
Magnetics has unused automatic lathes while Electro-Aparata,j suffers from an
acute shortage of screws made by these lathes. IMB of Timisoara sent parts for
processing and repair to Bucharest. Electro-Motor in Timisoara is equipped to
do just such work and could have saved time and cost of transportation.
Another problem facing the electrical equipment industry is the use of re-
serve capital equipment. At the end of 1949, more than 40 percent of such equip-
ment was in reserve. In 1950, the figure dropped to 35 percent. The situation
by enterprise at the end of 1950 was as follows.
Percentage of Unused Capital Goods
Enterprise
End of 1949
End of 1950
Electro-Putere, Craiova
66.5
50
Dinemo, Bucharest
10
22
Electro-Banat, Timisoara
20
11
Electro-Aparata , Bucharest
Ele,:trc-Casrica, ru:harssr:
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This is partly due to the fact that the General Directorate of Electrical
Equipment of the Ministry of Electrical Energy did not require enterprises to
place equipment into operation immediately. Therefore, unfinished and unmounted
equipment remained at F,lectro-Putere, Electro-Precizia, Dinamo, and other enter-
prises. In 1950 only 37 percent of all production paid for was actually de-
livered. Other delays were caused by the late termination of construction proj_
acts by the Ministry of Constructions at Electro-Aparataj, Dinamo, and Electro-
Precizia, and the late completion of a project by Tpromet (Institute for Metal-
lurgical Planning)?
In 1950 and 1951, there was not a sufficiently effective relationship be-
tween the developmental and the manufacturing process, A great number of proto-
types and models are prepared for a small variety of products? This necessi-
tates a great amount of study, planning, and tool changes,
The ng from
the numerous esupply to situation
respect schedulessandito maintain thelque of
of products, as has been the case with Otel Rosu (Red Steel), Patria, Munqlity
citorul
Liber Leather Plant, Laminorul Roll Frill, Electro-Ceramica, and others.
Electro-Aparataj, for example, could not fulfill the plan for April - May
1951, because of the failure of supplying enterprises, especially Muncitorul
Liber of Bacau which produced large size screws in order to fulfill its ton-
nage plan instead of the small ones that had been ordered. Muncitorul Liber
delivered only 10.3 percent of orders for May 1951. Other plants, such as
Fabrica de Scule (Tool and Equipment Factory) in Rasnov, Industria Sarmei in
Turda, Otelul Rosu, Laminorul of Bucharest, Electro-Ceramica, Electro-Izolan-
tul, and others, have caused bottlenecks and difficulties throughout the in-
dustry. They failed to deliver such products as commutators of various types,
circuit breakers, and others for lack of parts Otelul Rosu, Electro Ceramica,
and Laminorul failed to deliver parts of copper, ceramics, or steel.
There is a great need for properly trained and skilled personnel. To
satisfy this lack training, schools have been formed within enterprises. Three
intermediate professional schools and three electrical equipment schools have
been formed in Bucharest, Iasi, and Timisoara to prepare intermediate and ad-
vanced personnel for the electrical equipment industry Workers and techni-
cians have returned from the USSR with new m,.thods and techniques.
The plan for the training of personnel is not being followed, however,
and the
even the
greater attention to the problem, Ate Electro-Putererllns Julyt1951 devote
men in charge of the training school were not familiar with conditions within
the enterprise. They were unable to state how many students would complete
the course, and did not know how many new ones were expected to register for
the third quarter of 1951. Of the number of workers in the electrical equip-
ment industry, more than 35 percent lack training, The training plan for the
first half of 1951 was fulfilled only 50 percent, School statistics in per-
centages are as follows;
First Quarter Second Quarter
Took Finished Tcok Finished
Place of Training Plan Courses Courses Plan Courses . Courses
Place of work 100 61.5 4.7 100 57 oc 7
T_'airiiouraes ,
Advanced schec_,
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Some plants, such as Electro-Putere, are forced to use untrained' workers for
skilled jobs, and as a result the percentage of rejects and poor quality prod-
ilets is high.
However, some sectors of the electrical equipment industry succeeded in
fulfilling norms to an outstanding degree. For example, the machine ship of
Electro-Putere fulfilled norms 200 percent In July 1951. The plant fulfilled
the transport elan 300 percent in the same period. At Dinamo, the average
fu'ifillment was 193 ner=ent in July. Electro-Tehnica achieved 178 percent
in June. Electro-Motor attained 178 pe-cent in June.
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