USSR COAL INDUSTRY EXPERIMENTS WITH GASIFICATION OF COAL

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• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2011
• Sequence Number: 353
• Publication Date: July 19, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CE!'~TRAL' I~JTELLIG~'e AGENCY REpOR'
INFORMATION OM
FOREIGN pOOUMENTS OR RADIO BR0.IDCASTS CD t~0.
CLASSIFICATION S-E-C,?,R_-E-T
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
Economic -Coal
Monthly periodical, daily newspaper
Moscow; Tbilisi
10 Mar, Apr 1951
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1951
DATE DIST. !9 Ju1,1951
N0. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
or rxr YIIIT~D auto nrru rra ......? ~. ???.--^-- --- --
r, t. e.. r ~ ~rD r~. u ~nrrrD. m nerrrus~Dr ar rxr rarunor
ioino iiriii iiiioovmoi o/ iwu r0~i ire nroMU~aD. ~f rro?
USSR COAL INDUSTRY E70'ERIMENTS WITH GASIFICATION OF COAL
K. V. Malikov, P. F. Moiseyeva ..
? Moscow, Za Ekotwmiyu Topliva, No 4, Apr 51
The Pirst attempts to gasify Pechora basin coals in ordinary semimecha-
nized gs~ generators were unsuccessful because the coals used for the experi-
ments had highly caking properties. Abetter acquaintanceship with the coals
of the region led to the discovery of certain ones among them which were well
adapted to gasification. ~nese included long-flame coal. Supporting evidence
has been assembled as a result of experiments performed in VNIIT (p11-Union
Scientific kesearch Institute of Fuel Utilization) in an enlarged laboratory
installation.
This installation consisted of a gas generator and a condensation system
to lYepaxate out and determine the moisture and resin content of the gas. The
gas generator was a well insulated shaft with an inner diameter of 200 milli-
meters. The condensation system consisted of two independently operating lines,
each with a cyclone, the first having a tubular cooler to bring the tempera-
ture of the.gea down to 50-60 degrees Centigrade and an electric filter to
separate out the resin, and the second having a tubular cooler to reduce the
temperature of the gas to 15-18 degrees 'Centigrade. At the start of opera-
tions in the gas generator, the products of gasification were conducted along
one line of the condensation system cad then, when a steady rate of operation
had been achieved, the gas was directed along the second line.
Samples oY coal taken from five different sections were selected for tests
in the .laboratory gas generator. These sections were 1^cate3 as follows: Seam
XI, Mine No 1; Seam X, same minewelghing~ebout P tonssewas~electedNfrSom cures-.
VIII, Mine No 10. ach sample,
rent mining; in aTl cases, the coal taken consisted of lumps more than 15-20
millimeters in size.
ARMY
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Y NsRa DISTRIBUTION ~;;,,~~~"`.?.'?? '
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A. techni~e?: ~t?~1Y9is' ~ the coal sacord~ng :ta -dif2~ereAto rodnea and et~m~
i~}~.g1yeA,,~n Table 1. t~tesial from other sources is apQ~iRC~ltd~d~?~gx Dom'
pa~a4;,9t ,cq~pi~iisou. The coal ,yelected for the experimentQ r+as in no Tray. ddS-
Y~xe~~, ,~roo~ ordinpry, ;CPal shipped to consumers... All estip~to~ indla~ted::A.
high sah contrpt in the ,coril..? ~ _ ~`"
Sea~,Yl, Beim xy~,+!
1
N
Min
N
Coel fro^
g~.y,
Mine No 2
Seam VIII, Seam IX,
Mine PIo 10 Mine No
o
e
o 1
Mine
Technical analysis
of coal
Based on samples
taken during ex-
periments, ,~
48
7.34
8.08
8.45 7.9
Ashsture
30.9
31.6
20.4
22.9
25.5 2
7
sulfur
3.64
3.98
1.79
3.63 3.
Volatile sub-
stances
37.9
39.6
8
37?
34.8 32.6
Based on data from
other sources (in-
c lud ing OTIC* data) ,
`~
3
28.1
24.5
28.5 25.5
44
Sulfur
3.34
3.16
1.67
2.53 3.
Volatile sub-
stances
41.4
40.6
38.4
3g?7
39.5
Element content of coal
(disregarding sulfur),
g
`~
5
07
4.88
4.93
5.20 5.38
g
.
73.7
76.2
75.7
74.5 76
9
~
2
34
2.06
1.94
.
0
1.93
g
.
89
18
16.86
17.43
18.37 16.32
o
ob, kcal/kg
.
7,325?
7,440.00
7,168.00
7,455.00 7,617.00
r , kcal/kg
4,365.00
4,406.00
4,952.00
4,759.00 5,063.00
Content of dry mass, `~
7 78.8
81
oke
i
S
81.0
80.0
81.0
.
c
em
7.75
7.3
8.1
10.1 10.7
Resin
ture
M
i
4.3
6
5.5
5.72
5.21 3.0
6
s
o
cas, fit/kg
45.06
61.36
52.06
.37
51.0 5
Analysi.R of gas, $
66
1
17 25.53
27
CO
28,49
30.45
.
2
.
c
2
C~~
2.96
9.46
2.85
9.25
2.75
12.71
2.95 10.32
9.84
06
89
10
11.45
13.71
10.46 11.
.
39.35
38.65
40.71
37.51 39.74
~
6.49
7.14
7.31
8.48 7.93
88
6
@? kcal/kg
1,36
5,339.00
0.21
5,367.00
1.15
5,712.00
3.59 1.
5,479.00 5,671.00
Mineral content of
eah, ~
4
2 51.8
52
45.9
46.72
47.3
.
8
6
o2
11.5
11.5
12.0
.
5.32
1
ca
M
o
1.93
1.66
1.86
.53
1.89
8
g
11:66
13.69
9?i8
13.9
14.49
Fe203
16
99
18.11
22.12
21.35 19.14
s 203
.
11.32
7.87
7.17
4.53 4.95
3
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$ E C $ E T
. ,
8
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Table 1 (Co~'..1)
l;ocl Y;.om
>eam XT, Seem X, :-?eflan Vy S=am V1II, Scam TIC,
Mine No 1 Mf_ne_No 1 Mine No 2? Mine No 10 Mine No
Fusibility of ash 1 075
1 050 7.; Oy0 1.110 1,1:L5 ~
~j? '~ 1.180 l,.-~~0 1,210 1,185
~'2 1J 8' 1,210 1,200 1;2:15 1,2?5
3
Technical Tests Dieisi.on [of Pechora Basin Mine Ad_~ninistrationJ
Thr types of coal rectivad f?ar the axperir~ent:s did not differ very much in
sulfur content Yrom commercial coal shipped by the mined. The volatile substance
content of the samples ranged from 3005 to 40,0 percent. The moisture content of
the coa'_ u_?sd f^' ?.h,e Arno,-iymnts was actually' less than that of r_eWly mined coal
since more the!: 20 days had elapsed between the mining of the coal acid the tests
in the laborato;.y gas genere.t.er, ani+. it was at that ti~!e that the moisLire content
was determined. In these *?ests, the moisture conte,at ranged from 6,7 to 9.05 per-
cent, whereas data from other chemical laboratories give the moisture content of
tae coal in question as 11-?15 percent.
Regardia?g the =lenwnts entering into the compositionjnYnthe D coeltof thygen
content of lb-lt3 oe.*'cz~t flrouses the chief interest since .:YP
Kuzbass, Siberia, ~3.n3 tl;e Doz:baae, th:: o_eyge-^ content .9ece aor, exceed 12.5?-13.0
percent;, In i:hi.sT.?PU.pect, t>!e: c~~al must be? assigno:d 'io a younger coe.l type than
.long-f1amA coal, to o:LB. ?.igc!it,?; cr, more s:.c:curately, to z, *.raesitional. type of
coal, very clc?se to l.tgnite. ChelyabiY:.sk i.igiite, for exrnnale, has ati oxygen con-
tent ranging :'rom 18.5 to 2!.._i pe*'ce:rt? Anot?^er point in support of tkie above
classificat:ton of Pechora coals is xne fact that sarupi.es distilled i.n a.t aluminum
retort yiel.dc-d 30.45 percent C02. Gae fraw Chelyabinsk coal contains 32-33 per-
cent C02, livt long-i'lar:~ roa7.3 of t}se .'..hurinskiy or tfd.nusSrsk types yie3.d gas
with on'_y 14-? i-7 ~~crr~:nc CU~a
When P?~chora coal iN left expos.d to ti,e open air, it has a mzt!~ked tendency
to loss its !uPChanica:L toughness. A:s it dries out, cracks appear in the coal
lumps and fines are formeii. Experiments made it possible to give an approximate
estimate of the mechanical toughness of thi.~ coal, s:Lthough more than 12 months
had elapsed between the mining of the coal at?d the test. The experiments were
carried out with j kiiograu~s of coat in a VNIIT dru:e. Tb.e d:?ura was rniated, and
the amount of coal remaining i:n it after rotation eSpressed in percent of ache
amount put ixtto ?tne: _aa~ teas ~..ek?n as the i::dex~ of r,~c}~+sical toughness.
Table 2 gives the mechanical 'GOUgs'.lnP..iS of Pechora basin D coal in compari-
son with other coals;
Tab 1e '~'
Resid
ue in Drum
Source of_C_oal ;ind_x
of toughness
Mine f' ~ 2
Seam V
51
,
~~
Seam IX, Mina No 5
'~
Seam VZII, Mine No 10
Seam X, Mine No i
c5
70
Seam XI, Mine Nc 1.
Krasnoarmeyskiy (Donbass, Type G coa'1)
7~
73
Zhurinskiy (Kuzbass, Type D coal)
75
Grodovka (Donbass, Type G coa'1)
75
Bogoslovskiy (Urals; lignite)
76
Cheremkovo (East Siberie, Type D coal)
8
8
~
Chernogorsk (Khakassiya, Type D coal,
2
7
-
82-82
Nesvetayevskiy anthracite fDonbass)
S-E-C-R-E-?T
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From this data it is evident that Pechora Type D coals haae even less me-
chani~el toughness than the s?elatively unstable ICi~asnoarmeyskiy, Zhurinskiy,
and other coals. This characterization of the mechanical toughness of Pechora
coals is, of course, only a preliminary one; detailed teats on freshly mined
Pechora coal are necessary to verify it.
l+J.though the Pechora coal examined shows some similarity to lignite of the
Chelyabinsk type, nevertheless it behaves differently when heated. Saparate
pieces of coal do not show a tendency to cake when heated, but each lump of coal
forms a rather tough lump of coke.
The mineral content of the ash ~.nd its fusibility are indicated in Table 1.
There was a little different in the ash content of individual coal seams, but,
regardless of differences, the temperature at which the ash is fusible is prac-
tically uniform for all the coals in question.
With the five samples cf Pechora basin coal, 17 experiments in gasifica-
tion were carried out, leading to the following resultse
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Table 3 (Contd)
,9GV~~i
S-E-C-R-E i
Seam XI, Seam X, Seam V, Seam ~;I:CI, Seam IX,
Mine No 1 Mine No 1 Mine No 2 Mine No 10 Mine No
of dust (residue in
screen), `~
6
10
9.12
18.63
17.30
No 6
h
1?.0
.
9
8,53
11.16
8.86
No 12
8.66
9.3
0
]
54
12.39
12.57
10.17
10.39
.
?
86
10
10.33
No 30
9.22
1
8
42
.
8.17
7.23
i1o 40
7'91
8.17
63
,
6.79
6.88
6.93
No 50
7.76
4
7,
76
28
21.96
14.36
16.23
No 70
25.
2
.
6
99
5.25
5.27
No 100
7.02
6.71
.
No loo going through
9.84
8.09
19.79
12.3
15'28
screen
Air consumption, cu m~kg
6
31
1
1.59
1.58
1.54
dry (compressed)
1.3
?
Gas yield, cu mlkB
d)
2.10
2.04
2.43
2.37
2.37
(compresse
Combustible material
'~
la
10.59
13.93
13.6
13.3
16.98
g,
content in s
Amount of air for b]_ast
410-525
io~_-po
+~- 7-
4.10-515
cu m/sq m/hr 418-656 418??520
Each experiment lasted !E hours except for one, which lasted only one hour.
and 25 minutes. The results of the experiments indicatF quite clearly the char-
acteristics of Pechora Type D coals As gas-generator fuel. The chief resu:_ts
are listed as follows:
1. Coal from all sampled seams is excellent Bas-genBratDrsiuglthe~pro~ess,
reaction capabilities and with adequate thermal toughn
the coal is not pulverized and it shows ro tendency to cake in a layer.
2. When the coal is gasified in lumps 15-20 millimeters in size, intensi-
fying the process from 266 to 492 kilogr8msisfobta~inedkwi~hfaeCO content~upr~m
,189 to 308 kilograms of standard fuel, g ercent. The calorific value of the dry
30 percent, and an H2 content up to 14.3 p
gas Qn is approximately 1,380-1,420. The average resin content of the gas is
37,8 grams per cubic meter (compressed and the average ~i.sture content is 97.8
grams per cubic meter (compressed).
Coal from Seam V, which had au ash content of 20.43 percent, was better
for gasification purposes than the other coals sampled? Some diff~~ulthie~sdceunsed
by the formation of slag were experienced with coal from Seam XI,
ash content of 30.9 percent, and from Seam X, with an ash content of 31.63 percent.
Evidently the chief rea~,.,e Por a different procedure in gasifying coai.from dif-?
ferent seams consists in their different ash content. It is possible that the dif-
ference in $roene atoriaud allerequired condit~onsfhaveibeen metrried out in an in-
dustrial ge B
4. The high sulfur content of these coals and,ercentrhydrogen sulfide con-
seams XI, X, IX, and VIII resulted in an up-to-0.7?-p accorc'iingly, the Bas
tent in the gas. Seam V contains consideercentlofshycsoBen sulfide.
from this coal contained only u?15-0,18 p
5, Pechora basin Type D coal should receive wideselesk uandiGbrakiy~ oblaste$
in a number of enterprises in Kirov, ?,eningrad, Ark]:ang ,
Udmurt pSSR, and other areas dependent on the Pecho~:a basin.
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Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, ],0 Mar 51
1Y lD cn~ .. ~..~-+.~ +"'C--~--- -
Georgian coals be used as extensively as possible. However, burning Georgian
These
ulties
diffi
.
c
coals, in particular Akhaltsikhe coal, presents a number of
dif~iculties could be solved by gasifying the coal.
tific work on the gasification of local fuels has been started by the
i
S
en
c
Chair of Thermotechnics of the Tbilisi Institute of Railroad Transport Engineers
_ ._ _a n_. _____ n.,......~D., CRR
~_ ,~i,~ +we ua..ie+,.,, of r.n~at industry Georgian SSR installed a special,
--
-
81TIlp117iea gas i3Ci1CL'64V1 eve=~++~.+ ^+~.` - "----- --
plant. Successful experiments xere made with i?0.th Akhe~tsikhe and Tkibuli coal in
__ ~__,.-.a.... ,.r +he r n~-vian Pn'Ivtech-
nical Institute. It was established that Akhaltsikhe coal with a high ash and
n.,,.....tn aD ..inh in tunes of local fuel that could be gasified and the Min-
own enterprises and assist enterprises of other industries in doing the same.
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