CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS OF NEW SOVIET FARM MACHINES AND IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR PRODUCTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600400069-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2011
• Sequence Number: 69
• Publication Date: June 27, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION S-E-C-i -E-T SECRET
CENTRAL IkT LL IGENCE AGENCY. REPORT
INF0RMA11dN FROM ,
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
Monthly periodical
Moscow
Mar 1951
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CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS OF NEW SOVIET FARM MACHINES
AND IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR PRODUJTION
In 1950, the scientific-research and planning organizations of the Minis-
try of Agricultural-Machine Building, VISKhOM (All-Union Institute of Agricul-
tural-Machine Building); GSKB (State Special-Design Bureau), and SKB (Special-
Design Bureau) conducted work in plants on the construction of a number of new
machines for mechanizing labor-consuming processes in agriculture. During the
year, experimental models of 165 new machines and tools were developed, and a
considerable number of them successfully passed tests under farming conditions.
Some machines for mechanizing work coinected with the new irrigation system
were put in production in 1950.
The Machine-Expe t Stations gave a good rating to the new Stalinets-8
trailer grain combine developed. by the
Special-Design Bureau at the Rostsel'mash Rostov-on-Don Agricultural-Machine-
Building) Plant. This combine is considerably more productive and has better
technical indexes than the Stalinets-6, although it weighs the same. The first
small series of Stalinets-8 combines will be produced in 1951 for extensive ec-
onomic-efficiency tests under field conditions. Designers at the Rostsel'mash
Plant, aided by VISKhOM workers, have also constructed a corn-harvesting com-
bine.
The State Special-Design Bureau achieved remarkable success in developing
machines for picking cotton in nonirrig3ted cotton-growing regions. Cleaning
devices have been installed in pneumatic pickers, considerably reducing the.
amount of impurities in the raw cotton gathered. 'tests snowed that the self-
propelled, pneumatic. three-row cotton picker could be recommended for series
production. The bureau also developed the UPKh-1.5 field boll cleaner (vorokh-
oochistitel') and th& SGN machine for picking stalks end bolls.
STATE
ARMY
DATE OF 1951
INFORMATION
DATE _IST. A7 Jun 1951
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VISKhOM and SIB personnel, working at the Gomsel'mash (Gomel' Agricultural-
Machine-Building) Plant and the Lyubertsy Pgricultural-Machine-Building Plant
imeni Ukhtomskiy, have developed and tested combines for harvesting ensilage
crops, motor and tractor hay stackers, automatic pumping stations, a well-dig-
ging machine, and machines for fodder preparation and cattle-farm work.
In 1951, a series of seeders for sowing kok-sagyz in mineral soils will
be put out for extensive economic-efficiency testing. For horticulture and
truck farming, VISKhOM and SKB personnel working at the Odessa Plant imeni Ok-
tyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya have developed a one-way-suspension plow, a cultiva-
tor hiller, and a sugar-beet lifter for the KhTZ tractor.
Several problems, some of which have been included in the work plan for
several years, have not yet been satisfactorily solved. A square-nest seeder
which deposits fertilizer in the nests and a seeder for the dotted sowing of
sugar beets are being worked out by SKB at the Kirovograd Krasnaya Zvezda
Plant; a potato-digging combine, by VISKhOM and SKB at the Ryazsel'mash (Ryazan
Agricultural-Machine-Building) Plant; and a sunflower-harve:;~irg combine, by
SKB at the Rostsel'mash Plant. The construction of these machines has been
held up mainly because the scientific research to determine the physical and
mechanical characteristics of crops and to evolve efficient working parts for
new machines has not been conducted on a sufficiently broad scale. These un-
completed projects will be continued in 1951, and corrections will be intro-
duced in several models tested in 1950.
New machines will be developed for the mechanization of labor-consuming
work and the complex mechanization of work in various branches of agriculture.
The most important objectives are the following:
1. Machines for work in electrified regionL. a side-hill trailer plow,
a cultivator ripper and other machines for electric tractors, and an electric
combine for grain crops.
2. Machines for planting and digging potatoes: a potato-digging combine
for hard soils, a two-row potato planter for vernalized potatoes, a potato
planter which simultaneously deposits fertilizer, and a potato grader.
3. Machines and tools for mechanizing forest cultivation: nest seeders
for sowing tree seeds by T.D. Lysenko's method, a tree-planting aggregate for
flat land, a forest cultivator, a plow, a cultivator ripper, tree planters for
steep slopes and for sandy soil, and a rotary forest tiller for a 12-horsepower
tractor.
4. Machines to mechanize rubber-plant cultivation: completion of horse
and tractor seeders for sowing kok-sagyz in peaty soil and machines for plant-
ing the cuttings and for gathering the seed and roots of kok-sagyz.
5. Machines for n_icktna cotton in irrigated and nonirrigated cotton -e-
gions: development of a design for a three-row self-propelled pneumatic cotton
picker for nonirrigated regions, to be series produced; continuation of work on
the construction of two-row horizontal-spindle and vertical-spindle pickerp and
of a machine for uprooting stalks and bolls and binding them in sheaves; and
construction of an experimental cotton picker with electric drive.
6. Machines for mechanizing fodder-raising and cattle-raising farms:
stackers for hay and straw, well-digging machines, a roll-press pickup for hay,
an ensilage unloader, and a mobile milking machine.
7. Machines for gathering and intitial processing of flax, hemp, and bast
(novolubyanaya) crops: a bast combine for cutting green jute, hemp (kenaf),
'!nd chingma (kanatnik) stalks and separating the fibrous layer from them; a
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mobile braking-scutching aggregate for hemp; a braking-scutching machine for
processing freshly cut hemp (kenai'), chingma, and jute stalks; a machine for
gathering Indian hemp; and a flax puller with a binding apparatus.
A number of machines are being constructed for mechanizing the cultiva-
tion of sugar beets, corn, tea, and other crops.
Scientific research and experimental work should also be conducted on ma-
chines needed to apply the new methods of land cultivation, crop care, and
harvesting, including:
1. Machines for stage plowing of black earth and podsolic soils to in-
crease the productivity of farm crops.
2. Cultivators for simultaneous between-row i.,. between-nest tilling.
Machines of this type will greatly reduce labor consumption in weeding plowed
crops.
3. An aggregate of machines for mountainous regions, including machines
and tools for operation with special tractors and cable traction from a winch.
4. A tea-picking machine.
To construct these new machines successfully, the organization and work
methods of institutes and design bureaus must be improved.
Until recently, in some sp..:ial-design bureaus, work on the construction
of a new machine began with construction of the machine as a whole, without
exhaustive preparatory laboratory and field testing of the working parts and
individual units. Since machines were often planned without consideration of
the technological capabilities of the producing plant, there were delays in
putting new models in series production. Insufficient attention has been giv'n
to basing designs on sound technological principles, and to giving parts and
units the form that will insure the lowest possible consumption of labor and
materials.
The 1951 plan provides for further improvement of processes in all enter-
prises, a wider application of high-speed cutting, electric annealing, and
other progressive methods, adoption of continuous production and complex mech-
anization, and a broader mechanization of auxiliary operations and of heavy
and labor-consuming tasks.
The most important objective is the expansion of comple. mechanization,
inclur'tng its application in the production processes of the bulkiest agri-
cultural-machine parts.
Mechanized continuous-production lines for shares and moldboards of tractor
plows will be put in operation at n a--g-1 the _ nltay.,,1'. aeh t~Cl~tay Aoricul' ure1-Machi.ne-
.....-..1. -,, -v---------- - .
Building) and Odessa Oktyabr'skayaURevolyutsiya Plants. They will include mech-
anized aggregates for annealing shares by high-frequency current, special ro-
tating furnaces for annealing moldboards, and highly productive bending-harden-
ing presses. c,,nveyers carry the parts from one operation to the next. Organ-
ization of such lines will greatly increase the output of shares and moldboards
from existing production space, lower their labor consumption, and considerably
iiiipl!VVC t11 ~-C1 ir ?` I: the :`turn these lines will prnduce shares and mold-
boards automatically, and such labor-consuming operations as grinding and pol-
ishing external surfaces will be mechanized. Utilizing the experience of the
Taganrog Plant in the continuous mechanized production of stamped hook-link
chains, workers of the industry should put such a line in operation at another
combine plant. The line at the Taganrog Plant has reduced the production cost
of the chains arl improved their quality. It turns out several million links
yearly,with an approximate yearly saving of 6 million rubles.
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The continuous mechanized production of frame parts, tractor-plow axles,
rake teeth, wheels, seats, propeller shafts, and other bulky labor-consuming
parts will be organized in 1951.
The shops of agricultural-machine-building plants have received consider-
able quantities of highly productive specialized and aggregate equipment in the
last few years. In many plants complex units of a machine are completely ma-
chined on lines of aggregate machine tools. In 1951, the machining of parts
and units of combine motors, of the driving-wheel axle of self-propelled com-
bines, and of parts for cotton pickers and other complex agricultural machines
will be performed on such lines to a greater extent.
The disparity between mechanized, highly productive means of making and
machining parts, and hand methods of technical control which have prevailed
up to now in agricultural-machine building must be eliminated. In 1951, auto-
matic and semiautomatic machines and instruments for mechanized control of the
size and quality of combine parts, motors, and plows must be developed and put
into use. More than 20 plants are applying the statistical method of control,
using instruments for the complex mechanization of measui ng and computing.
Improvemert and mechanization of machining processes and technical control
will improve the assembly of units and machines by greatly reducing finishing
operations. They will also make possible the assembly of all machines on a
continuous linebasis and will lower the high labor consumption involved in as-
sembly. Wider use of mechanized, hand-operated fitting and assembling tools is
also provided for.
The improvement and complex mechanization of all painting and drying proc-
esses for agricultural machines, including the preparation of surfaces for
painting, is still a very serious problem for agricultural-machine builders.
Studies will be conducted in the use of aggregates for chemical and mechanical
cleaning, and of washing-drying aggregates. Preheated agricultural-machinery
enamels will be used more extensively.
Large-scale work will be carried on to mechanize auxiliary operations.
Intrashop conveyance, removal and breaking of chips, and setting up and removal
of parts from the machine tool by means of rapid-action clamping attachments
should be fully mechanized at the Rostsel'mash and Krasniy Aksay Plants. In
the press-forge shop of the Tula Plant and the frame shop of the Altaysel'maah
Plant, +`te storage of metals, the feeding of billets into the heating furnace,
the loac_.lg and unloading of forgings from furnaces, and the conveyance of bil-
lets to the storeroom are all being mechanized.
The loading and unloading of metal, coal, completed machines, and other
bulky articles will have to be mechanized at basic plants. The complex mecha-
nization of these tasks will be carried out at the Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya Re--
volyutsiya. at the Rostsel'mash Plant, and at the Kharkov Serp i Molot Plant.
Further expansion of the use of high-speed methods on metal-cutting
equipment has been provided for. During 1949 - 1950, agricultural-machine-
building plants converted a considerable number of machine tools that could
be adapted by simple modernization to high-speed metal-cutting methods. A more
complex preparation of equipment and fittings is necessary for further expansion
of high-speed cutting. This applies expecially to drills and turret lathes used
for machining hole and .al.. to automatic ni-chine tcol-s ri imnnrtunt
place in the plants' equipment park. Also to be introduced on a broad scale are
the use of hara-alloytitipped. tools for machining holes (drills, countersinks,
reamers), the brazing-on of hard alloy tips, and the grinding and finishin, of
such tools with special attachments. Practical aid will be given to plants in
making complex-shaped tools tipped with hard alloys, especially in shaping the
tool by the electrical erosion method, and in converting metal-cutting automatics
to high-speed methods.
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With the introduction of high-speed tool grinding, new highly productive
tools in which the hard alloy blade is mechanically secured to the tool, and
cutters with polyhedral hard alloy inserts will be used. These will make it
possible to shorten the time spent in auxiliary operations and decrease the con-
sumption of hard alloy in machining parts.
In 1951, centralized tool grinding and finishing, especially of hard-alloy-
tipped tools, will have to be organized in the majority of the plants. Techni-
cal supervision of the use of cutting tools and dies, attachments, ana other
kinds of fittings will have to be improved, and in some plants, reorganized.
The operation of plant tool shops must be improved in 1951, since they play
such an important part in current production and in preparations for the produc-
tion cf new machines. The tool shops should be completely fitted out with the
necessary equipment and attachments, and in the future, called on to do only the
work they are supposed to do (make and repair tools, sittings, and attachments).
The ministry will organize tool shops along modern lines and strengthen control
and management of tool-shop eration. The multiple reconditioning of worn-out
tools and hardening of tools by the electric-spark method will be adopted. The
continuous method will be introduced in the case of those tools, such as taps
and screw dies, which are produced in mass quantities. The new technological
processes of mechanical and heat procegsing of fittings will be adopted, and
substitutes for costly steels will be used more widely.
The improving and speeding up billet heating prior to forging or stampir_Z
hold an important place among the measures for perfecting technology.
In 1951, single zone and multizone electric-contact-heating units will be
set up in a number of plants for making frame parts, axle spokes, metalware,
and other parts needed in the production of tractor plows, shallow plows, and
combines.
Electrode welding with high-quality coating to improve the quality of
welded joints will be applied more widely at plants. Semiautomatic welding
under a layer of flux will be adopted at a number of plants. Experience in the
welding of flax-puller wheels has demonstrated the feasibility of automatic
welding in a number of agricultural machines.
Foundries must further increase the degree of mechanization of basic and
auxiliary processes, and organize production lines. In 1951, the casting of
the basic part of the tractor plow, the standard, which has been done completely
by hand until now, will be done by pneumatic machines at all plants. The core
for the standard rill be made by a sandblasting machine. The next step in mech-
anizing plow-standard making will be to cast this part in permanent metal molds.
The technolua~cal design bureau of bhe Plant ime-ni Oktyabr'skaya Re.rol-
yutsiya is working cc this problem. Casting in permanent molds (chill casting)
r a,nnnre
as 1.....,..A lab,."r vuvu=pv +i.,..:, . i..., .,........e ..u yew.. ly output of castings +ings p..e. -
meter, and increased wear resistance in parts like the sprocket wheels and gears.
Sections using specialized casting machinery, which mechanizes casting production
by means of permanent molds, will be created in plant foundries. The ministry's
planning organizations have been ordered to provide for such sections in working
out plans for now foundries and in remodeling old ones. TsITM (Central Institute
for the Organization of Gabor and Mechanization of Production) has been commis-
sioned to lon ma_1.inoa and de..elnn +e_hnningirnl de+oila Suuitable for specific
agricultural-macL_:ne parts.
Agricultural-machine-building plants will mechanize the mixing of mold and
core materials, the loading of charges, the knocking-out of castings from flasks,
and other heavy, labor-consuming tasks.
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In 1951, shot-blasting units should be put in operation, and work on the
mechanization of cleaning sections of the casting shops-at basic agricultural-
machine plants should be completed.
In casting tractor rakes, the use of hot-air blasts in the cupola furnace
raises the temperature of the pig iron to 1,450-1,470 degrees, increases the pro-
ductivity of the furnace, and cuts coke consumption. Units for preheating air
will be constructed in a number of foundries that produce modified pig iron and
wrought iron.
A new type of steel with increased carbon content will be used to raise
the output of Bessemer steel. This steel does not require much superheating
for pouring, making it possible to use a transfer ladle holding an entire charge
for pouring. This should considerably increase the Steel turnover of converters,
and in combination with an increase in the pig-iron temperature. should also in-
crease the temperature of tb blow. This will in turn make possible a consider-
able reduction in ferresilicon consumption in blowing and deoxidation.
The experience of the Kirovograd Krasnaya Zveyda Plant in the use of pig
iron with globular graphit-,., modified by magnesium, should find broad applica-
tion at other plants in the production of particularly important machine parts,
the more so since its use is possible in the ordinary pig-iron foundry without
special expenditure on equipment.
Measures taken in the enterprises in 1951 for expanding mechanization and
continuous production and for adopting new techniques will raise the technical
level of agricultural-machine building even higher, and will further 'quip all
branches of agriculture with highly productive machines for the complex mecha-
nization of processes.
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