REVIEW 1951 ACCOMPLISHMENTS, 1952 PLANS FOR RADIOFICATION IN USSR; EMPHASIZE RURAL AREAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060437-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 30, 2011
• Sequence Number: 437
• Publication Date: May 23, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Economic - Radio facilities
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers; monthly periodicals
WHERE
PUBLISHED MM
DATE
PUBLISHED 21 NOV 1951 - 26 Feb 1952
LANGUAGE
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REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
SUPPLEMEPIT TO
REPORT NO.
SOURCE Newspapers and periodicals as indicated.
REVIEW 1951 ACCOMPLISBN NTS, 1952 PLANS FOR
RADIOFICATION IN-USSR:IZE RURAL AREAS
(umbers in parentheses refer to appended sources .7
Communications workers sought to fulfill and to exceed the 1951 plan, par-
ticularly in the countryside. The plan for installing wired radio speakers was
not fulfilled in a number of oblasts chiefly because of an unsatisfactory sup-
ply of materials and apparatus. Much of the equipment arrived unevenly in a
number of places. (1)
In Moscow Oblast, the chief of the oblast administration for communica-
tions and the DRTS (Directorate of the Radio Relay Network) have been charged
with giving insufficient attention to providing villages with radio facil-
ities.(1) The complete radiofication of Solnechnogorekiy Rayon was promised
for 1 January 1952. Some 800 new wired radio spea'sera were installed in the
homes of kolkhoz workers, clubs, etc., in the rayon.(2)
In Leningrad Oblast, the 1951 state plan for providing the countryside
with radio facilities was fulfilled successfully by equipping six times more
wired radio relay centers, and installing two times more wired radio speakers
than in 1950. The network of radio receivers grew at the same time, so that
a majority of the kolkhoz homes in the oblast now have receivers or wired radio
speakers. Wide use is made of wired radio relay center types KRU-2 with wind
motors, and MG-SRTU-100. At 40 points in the oblast, radio installations per-
mit the transmission of radio broadcasts over infra-rayon telephone lines.(1)
In Kalinin Oblast, three wired radio relay centers, with which 200 kolkhoz
houses have been connected, were built in Kamenskiy Rayon. In 1951, in this
rayon more than 350 radio receivers were installed in kolkhozes and 327 kol-
khoz workers' homes were connected with a wired radio relay center. Plans called
for bringing radio entertainment' to more than 100 houses from-kolkhoz and
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rayon wired radio relay centers, and for building one more wired radio relay
center by the end of 1951. By November 1951, 20 kilometers of wire had been
laid and the equipment for the conatruc:
had been prepared.(3) ion of the wired radio relay center
The chiefs of the oblast administrations for communications and the DRTS
for Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Tula, and other oblasts have been charged with devot-
ing insufficient time to the expansion of radio facilities in the country-
side.(1)
Before 1950, 371 wired radio relay centers, belonging to different ad-
ministrations and organizations, operated in Krasnodar ICray. More than 160
new wired relay centers were built and about 50,000 wired radio speakers were
installed in 1950 - 1951. The 1951 plan for the construction of kolkhoz wired
radio relay centers and the installation of wired speakers in homes of kolkhoz
workers was Fulfilled successfully. Some difficulties arose in the allocation
of materials. The Ministry of Communications supplied an inadequate amount
ff cable insulated with polyvinyl chloride, which is best suited for the tree-
less rayons of Krasnodar Kray. Its use is cheaper than building overhead lines.
Many of the wired radio relay centers are used inadequately because no wired
speakers are on sale. In 1951, industry supplied a considerable number of
cheap radio receivers, but they are used ineffectively because no batteries are
on sale. The 1952 plan calls for complete radiofication of the kray with the
installation of no less than 30;000 wired radio speakers.(4)
In expanding radio facilities in Stavropol' Kray, communications workers
took into consideration the peculiarities of the Northern Caucasus where popu-
lated points are large villages of 200 to 2,000 houses and more. They installed
powerful wired radio relay centers and connected nearby popuiatiion centers
with them. For example, the powerful wired radio center of the Kolkhoz imeni
Leni in Cherkesskiy Rayon of Cherkessk Autonomous Oblast was used to relay
broadcasts to 11 populated points with the aid of feeders. The basic type of
relay line used in the treeless Stavropol' Kray is the underground cable.(l)
A new wired radio relay center with a 500-watt amplifier has been installed
in the new rayon center of Tsimlyanskaya. In a short time communications
workers built 18 kilometers of radio relay lines and suspended 46 kilometers of
wires. The radio relay lines in )Crasnoyerskly Settlement have been built anew.
A 100-watt village wired radio relay center is under construction in Khoroskov-
okaya Stanitsa.(3)
On the Volga-Don canal, 500-watt amplifying equipment was iL ;alled at
the Martynovskiy wired radio relay center. New feeder and subscribers' lines
have been installed at the construction site of the Stalingrad GES, and radio
facilities have been extended to the workers' settlement near the construction
site of the dam. it temporary wired radio relay center with an Mu-500 ampli-
fier is being installed at the site of the large town of builders.(5)
Communications workers of Kuybyshev Oblast laid more than 550 kilometers
of new radio relay lines. Underground cables, which are cheaper to install,
have been used extensively. Radiofication now includes more than 500 kol-
khozes. In 1951, 25 new inter-kolkhoz wired radio relay centers were built.(6)
In Sverdlovsk Oblast, the radiofication of 639 kolkhozes has been ac-
complished; 234 village and kolkhoz wired radio relay centers served more than
17,000 wired radio speakers.(7)
The 1951 plan for radiofication was successfully fulfilled in Omsk and
Tomsk oblasts.(l) In Omsk Oblast, nine out of ten kolkhoz households now have
wired radio speakers.(8)
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In Novosibirsk Oblast, 31 wired radio relay centers and 10,000 wired radio
speakers were Installed in the houses of kolkhoz and sovkhoz workers and of the
rural intelligentsia in 1951.(9)
More than 200 kolkhozes in Altay have wired radio relay centers. The com-
plete radiofication of Zav'yalovskiy and Troytskiy rayons has been finished,
and more than 10,000 wired radio speakers were installed in the villages. The
1952 plan calls for building 135 wired relay centers in Altay Kray.(10)
The first rayon in Buryat-Mongol ASSR to be completely radiofipr.l was Severo-
Baykal'skiy Rayon, where seven consolidated kolkhozes operate 11 wired radio
relay centers. The complete radiofication of Bichurskiy Rayon was finished re-
cently, and in 1952 the complete radiofication of Selenginskiy, Pribaykal'skiy,
Khorinskiy, and Yeravninskiy rayons is planned. Some 300 wired radio relay
centers now operated in kolkhoz villages, in large livestock raising and field
brigades, at logging centers, and at fiaheriea.(1l)
Karelo - Finnish SSR
Wired radio relay centers were set up in ll kolkhozes in 1951. In January
1952, more than 250 wired radio speakers were installed in the Gumarinc lumber
settlement in Segozerskiy Rayon. Wired radio relay centers have also been in-
stalled in the lumber settlement of Man'ga and Syandeoa in Pryazhinskiy and Olo-
netskiy rayons, as well as in the workers' settlement of the Naysten'yarvskiy
lumber mill. The 1952 plan calls for the radiofication of 55 kolkhozes and.20
lumber settlements-in the republic; two inter-kolkhoz wired radio relay centers
are also to be built, equipped with the n-west radio apperatus.(j.2)
Estonian SSR
In November and December 1951,136 new wired radio speakers were installed
in the growing radio relay network of Narva. Communications workers furnished
the workers' quarters in the new houses along ulitsa imeni I.V. Stalina and
ulitsa imeni A.S. Pushkina with radio facilities. When the installation of
radio relay lines to the Vayvara railroad station is finished, railroad work-
ers and inhabitants of nearby population centers will be able to hear Moscow,
Tallin, and other places.(13)
Latvian SSR
B. Statut, head of the Latvian DRTR, reveals that there are 100,000 radio
rece'vers in the Latvian SSR. His report continues:
Since the war, wired radiofication, a new branch of engineering communica-
tions, has been developed. More than 200 wired radio relay centers now relay
broadcasts to 67,000 wired radio speakers. Plans for the future include the
complete radiofication of Latvian towns and villages in the next few years. The
radio relay and receiving network is to be more than doubled by 1955, and the
number of radio points in the country increased eight times.
A number of engineers have initiated the bold experiment of combining
radio, telegraph, and telephone operations for reasons of economy. They in-
clude engineers A. Alekaandrov, N. Naumov, and N. Mikheyev and technicians
C. Starchikov, E. Dzintars, and A. Pribochenok. In the past, the usual method
of radiofying a population center, kolkhoz, and rayon center was to build a
wired radio relay center of small and medium capacity, from 5 to 500 watt,
serving 50 to 800 wired radio speakers. Usually, such a wired radio relay cen-
ter was built away from telegraph and telephone buildings to prevent mutual
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interference. Latvian communications workers have overcome the problems as-
sociated with putting wired radio relay centers beside telephone stations so
that they can be operated simultaneously.
Comparatively powerful wired radio relay centers of 500-1,000 watts have
been combined with other means of communications in the 3ame building. In the
place of two technicians, one for the radio and one for the telephone work,
only one has to be on duty for both. The inspection and installation sections
for radio relay and telephone lines are :lso comb-ned.
Great economies have resulted. The first 30 wired radio relay center sta-
tions were combined with telephone stations in 1946, leading to a yearly saving
of 63,000 rubles. In 1947, 55 wired radio relay center stations were combined,
and in 1949, 157 stations. On the completion of the combining of telegraph and
telephone with radiofication in 1950, 251 specialists were released for the op-
eration of wired radio relay centers. In the period 1946 - 1951, 6.5 million
rubles were saved and 3,530 square meters of productive space freed.
Further progress toward the close combination of electric means of com-
munication has been made. In 1951, a group of engineer-technical communica-
tions workers, including B. Savnonenko, P. Ziemelis, I. Potemkin, and E.
Kalevits, introduced a technique for the simultaneous use of telephone wires
for telephone communication and relaying radio broadcasts. Their work fol-
lowed a number of practical experiments based on the theoretical elaborations
of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Communications. A simple re-
ceiving-amplifying device which allows telephone lines to transmit radio
broadcasts without interference is installed at one telephone subscriber. It
is controlled by the rayon center, requires no maintenance personnel, and can
drive up to 100 speakers in a kolkhoz relay network.
The experimental work conducted in Tukumskiy Rayon confirmed the general
applicability of a method for the radiofication of kolkhozes. Some 400 families
of kolkhoz workers of Tukumskiy Rayon listen to radio broadcasts relayed by
telephone lines. This method is to be expanded widely in the future.(14)
Belorussian SSR
In 1951, agricultural cooperatives' of the Belorussian SSR built 174 wired
radio relay centers which served about 400 population centers. Many agricul-
tural cooperatives in Poles'ye, Bobruyek, and Vitebsk oblasts have been pro-
vided with radio facilities.(15) In Pales'ye Oblast, 50 agricultural cooper-
atives have wired radio relay centers, and more than'15,000 wired radio speak-
ers and radio receivers have been installed in farmers' houses. The complete
radiofication of all rayon centers and worker's settlement has been finished;
it is nearing completion in the population centers of Mozyrskiy and Khoynikskiy
rayons. The 1952 plan for Poles 'ye Oblast calls for the construction of 20 new
wired radio relay centers and for the radiofication of more than 3,000 houses
of kolkhoz workers.(16)
The number of kolkhoz wired radio relay centers in Baranovichi Oblast was
tripled in 1951. The complete radiofication of Luninetskiy Rayon in Pinsk
Oblast, and of Minskiy Rayon in Minsk Oblast was accomplished. Some 300 new
wired radio relay centers are planned for the Belorussian SSR in 1952. The new
relay lines are to extend more than 2,500 kilometers. Radiofication of all
kolkhozes is planned for Byda-Koshelevskiy Rayon of Gomel' Oblast, Khotimskiy
Rayon of Mogilev Oblast, and several other rayons.(17)
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Ukrainian SSR
In the first 9 months of 1951, 5,543 kilometers of overhead lines, 3,466
%'tlometers of underground lines, and several hundred new kolkhoz wired radio
relay centers were built in the Ukrainian SSR. Around 20,000 wired radio speak-
ers were installed and 50,000 repaired.(1)
The 1951 plan for the radiofication of the villages of Kiev Oblast was
exceeded. The radiofication of 85 population centers, and the installation
of 40 wired radio relay centers, the majority of them with reserve power sources
and of 6,000 wired radio speakers were accomplished. The construction of
680 kilometers of overhead radio lines and 380 kilometers of underground cable
radio lines was also completed. There are 130 kolkhoz wired radio relay centers
with a power ranging from 50 to 500 watts in the Oblast A 1,000-watt inter-kolkhoz
wired radio relay center is under construction in Cherkasskiy Rayon. The com-
plete radioficaUon of each rayon is planned on the basis of creating large
kolkhoz wired radio relay centers and connecting villages within a radius of
10-12 kilometers to a large wired radio relay center of the Ministry of Com-
munications by building underground and overhead feeders. The installation
of KRU-2 models is planned in the most distant villages.(18) The power of a
series of the largest wired radio relay centers in the rayon centers of Cher-
kassy, Zhazhkov, Borispol', Smela, Kanev, Pereyaslav-Khmel'nitskiy, and others
has been increased.
The 1951 plan was also fulfilled successfully in Dnepropetrovsk and Khar-
kov oblasts.(1)
In 1951, radio broadcasts were brought to 9,326 houses of kolkhoz workers,
and to clubs and reading rooms in Odessa Oblast.(9) The radio network of Kotovsk
has been expanded in the last few years. The wired radio relay center has been
equipped with an apparatus for driving 10,000 wired radio speakers, and radio-
fication has been extended in five villages.(19)
Moldavian SSR
A decree of the Council of Ministers Moldavian SSR of 15 March 1952 con-
cerning measures for the mass radiofication of the republic in 1952 stated that
the progress of radiofication had been unsatisfactory. Only 1.9 million rubles
of the 3.5 million allotted for the construction of wired radio relay centers
were spent, and only 851,000 rubles of the 1.5-million credit allowed to kol-
khozes for radiofication were absorbed. The existing power of wired radio
relay centers was used only 65 percent, and of radio lines only 85 percent. Rayon
committees were accused of not giving the required help to communications or-
gans and to kolkhozes in the construction of new wired radio relay centers and
in the expansion of old ones. The basic reason for lack of fulfillment of the
radiofication plan and for the poor work of kolkhoz and inter-kolkhoz wired
radio relay centers was said t- be the poor leadership provided by Krivdenko,
the authorized representative of the Ministry of Communications for the Mol-
davian SSR, Vladimirov, chief engineer of Upolminsvyan fffice of the Author-
ized Representative of the Ministry of Communications USSR?7, and Garash, chief
of DRTS. The Moldavian Construction and Installation Administration for Radio-
f{.cation, headed by Shaparov, has been in existence for a year, but, according
to the decree, nothing good can be said of its activities. Its radio tech-
nicians often visit the kolkhozes, but do not give the help necessary for proper
operation of wired radio relay centers by local cadres.
The decree called for the following changes in the radiofication picture:
The plan for training of cadres of radio technicians is to be improved and their
classification raised. The number of vacuum tube receivers, as well as the
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wired radio relay network, are to be expanded. Trading organizations are to
cooperate in this, and perform their functions more effectively. The network
of radio repair shops is to be expanded not only in towns and rayon centers,
but also in large villages.(29)
The 1952 plan calls for the installation of 15,000 wired radio speakers
and 15 wired radio relay centers. Such centers have already been put into oper-
ation in Kazmina village of Kamenskiy Rayon, and in Shibka village of Grigorio-
pol skiy Rayon. Wired radio relay centers were to be put into operation in
Perescheno village of Kryulyanskiy Rayon, and Pererita village in Lipkanskiy
Rayon on 5 February 1952.(20) The radiofication of the villages of Skylyanski
Rayon is being carried out successfully.(21)
Kazakh SSR
In 1951, 22 kolkhoz wired radio relay centers were built in Severo-Kazakh-
stan.. Oblast instead of the 14 planned; five kolkhozes installed feeders from
wired radio relay centers of the Ministry of Communications. In addition, 723
radio receivers have been installed, and the radiofication of 47 clubs, reading
rooms, and libraries, 142 schools, all children's homes, and almost half of all
boarding schools wen accomplished.
In half a year, eight kolkhoz wired radio relay centers were built in Pet-
ropavlovakiy Rayon, where the radiofication of all villages is planned for 1952.
Priishimskiy and Mamlyutekiy rayons offer a sharp contrast since not one
wired radio relay center has been built in either so far. A shortage of speak-
ers prevents full use of the wired radio relay center. Trading organizations
also failed to meet the demand for vacuum tube receivers.(8)
In Pavlodar Oblast, ten wired radio relay centers were put into operation
in kolkhozes, sovkhozes, and MTS in 1951. In 1952, the opening of 28 wired
radio relay centers is planned in the villages of the oblast. The successful
progress of radiofication is reported in the kolkhoz villages of Tozovskiy,
Tsyurupinskiy and Irtyshskiy rayons, with many kolkhoz workers acquiring radio
receivers.(22j
Uzbek SSR
There are 150,000 radio speakers in Uzbek SSR and their number grows from
month to month.(23)
The progress of radiofication in Andizhan Oblast has been criticized even
though the 1951 plan for kolkhozes and other organizations was exceeded. Ten
kolkhozes installed new wired radio relay centers which serve 10,000 - 12,000
kolkhoz households. Actually, it would be possible to install 20,000 wired
radio speakers if radiofication were handled properly and the power of wired
radio relay centers were used adequately instead of serving, on an average,
100-200 wired radio speakers. For example, the Stalinchi Kolkhoz in Leninskiy
Rgyunhas a wired radio relay center for 2,000 kolkhoz households, but in all
there are only 218 wired radio speakers on the territory of the kolkhoz. There
are a few more than 4,000 wired radio speakers in the oblast. The DRTS received
new equipment from the state for increasing the power of the oblast wired
radio relay center in Andizhan five times and for the radiofication of the city
and nearby kolkhozes. The absence of a building complicates in question of in-
stallation. The city committee of the party and oblast organizations promise
to take measures, but nothing has been done. (24)
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Turkmen SSR
In 1951, 80 kilometers of wires were suspended in Chardzhou Oblast; five
new kolkhoz wired radio relay centers of great power were also put into oper-
ation.(25)
The radiofication of the settlements of builders of the Main Turkmen Canal
was accomplished from existing wired radio relay centers in Kazandzhik, Kizii-
Arvat, and Kunya-Argench. A 50-watt wired radio relay center was installed for
thr radiofication of the support base of Lake Yaskhan, and another of 100-watts
for the settlement of builders in the Kolkhoz imeni Zhdanov.(5)
The Ministry of Communications USSR has confirmed the 1952 plan for the
radiofication of koikhozes in the Turkmen SSR, for which some 2 million rubles
have been allotted. The plan calls for the radiofication of 5,000 kolkhoz
workers' houses and the construction of 26 new wired radio relay centers with
the latest equipment. Less powerful equipment, supplied with power by a wind-
operated electric plant, will be installed in a few kolkhozes which are removed
from population centers. The realization of the plan will require the laying
of 400 kilometers of relay lines.(26) In Chardzhou Oblast communications work-
ers are to install 2,000 wired radio speakers which will be connected to state
and kolkhoz wired radio relay centera.(25)
Tadzhik SSR
Kolkhoz workers of Voroshilovabadakiy Rayon have acquired more than 200
radio receivers in a short time.(27)
Kirgiz SSR
The announcement on the necessity of registering radios in 1952 published
in Kirgiz SSR lists the following yearly rates for subscribers: 5 rubles for
crystal receivers; 36 rubles for vacuum tube radio receivers for individual use;
54 rubles for vacuum tube receivers in village reading rooms, "red corners,"
and radio auditoriums; 75 rubles for vacuum tube receivers installed in trading,
productive, and entertainment enterprises, in institutions and organizations,
in teaching institutes, on ships, airplanes, trains, and automobiles.(28)
SOURCES
1. Moscow, Radio, No 1, Jan 52
2. Moscow, Vechernyaya Moskva, 25 Dec 51
3. Moscow, Sovetskiy Svyazist, No 11, Nov 51
4. Radio, No 2, Feb 52
5. Sovetskiy Svyaziet, No 1, Jan 52
6. Moscow, Pravda, 17 Jan 52
7. Moscow, Izvestiya, 21 Nov 51
8. Alma-Ate, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 15 Feb 52
9. Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 17 Jan 52
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10. Pravda, 12 Feb 52
11. Pravda, 26 Feb 52
12. Petrozavodsk, Leninakoye Znemya, 24 Feb 52
13. Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 8 Jan 52
14. Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 21 Feb 52
15. Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiye, 4 Feb 52
16. Ibid., 7 Feb 52
17. Ibid., 4 Feb 52
18. Moscos, Sovetskiy Svyaziet, No 2, Feb 52
19. Ibid., 24 Jan 52
20. Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 2 Feb 52
21. Ibid., 24 Jan 52
22. Kaaakhetanskaya Pravda, 10 Feb 52
23. Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 20 Feb 50
24. Ibid., 12 Feb 52
25. Ashkhabad, Turkmenskaya Iekra, 13 Feb 52
26. Ibid.,.17 Feb 52
27. Stalinabad, Kcmmuniat Tadzhikistana, 8 Feb 52
28. Frunze, Sovetskaya Kirgiziya, 30 Dec 51; also 18 Jan 52
29. Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 26 Mar 52
50X1-HUM
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