ECONOMIC - COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 171
• Publication Date: February 1, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5 -1
US OFFICIALS ONLY CLASSIFICATION 5-E--R-T
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
COUNTRY GDR
SUBJECT Economic - Communications organisation
111. amp
!I Tam! w'Ves TIT!!. B14ttlp Cal/YC~Y Iq} 01 TIitB 11. ;lCT1B.9 T*I
Iqi} CO,, BI Ti.! Y.B. s*IB. .B ,11Ufa1Bl.. APt Yll PlatsllBi MP N Ntl!?
B.PIq. eP ITI C"rCBTO h O. "CB10T OT PPI Y};y.}01240 NC}Bb 11
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1953
e& /9S"'/
NO. OF. PAGES '6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
QHGAHI7.ATIC3AL IV `(.1~I I 4060(}
'20 GDR fD1fI8'3'AI OF POSTAL A1~AYR8 A6D f (ECATI06S
This report contains the foliovin.3:
A. Regulation Concerning the, Re?rganization ofStthe heePostal
lEZirk
Telecommunications Systems, undated and unsigned.
directt:atea referred to in this regulation have been established
(see Der Verkehr, Eisenbahn -- Railroad--Edition, Berlin, February
1953), it may be assumed that the entire regulation went into effect.
B. List of Rezirk Directorates and Subordinate Telecommunica-
tions Offices for the Main Administration for Telecommunications
Under the Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telecommunications, unde.' d.
C. Decree Concerning the EstabllshLen.t of a People-Owned Radio
Installations Planning and Assembly Enterprise for Radio, Trantnittio.3,
and Receiving Installations, dated 8 January 1953 and signed by
Friedrich Burmeister, Minister of Postal Affairs and Telecommuni-
cations.
D. Decree Concerning the Establishment of the GDR Central Insti-
tute for Radio Engineering, dated 24 January 1953 and signed by
Dr Karl Wilhelm Schroeder, State Secretary in the Ministry of Postal
Affairs and Te1e^osaiunications?
The tern Bezirk as used in this report refers to th. CDR adminis-
trative units replacing the former Laender.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5 I
c TB XUQWXILATIO.OF
S-s-C-R --T
1. The following main administrations are to be established in the Ministry
p - ostcal. affairs and by a state secretary for the management, of teleco~aemunications
a) Main Administration for Postal Affairs
b) Main Administration for Telecommunications
1_ Efraetiee 1 January 1953, Bezirk directorates for postal affairs and
the Bezirk directoratea, are co ,ssle esbaaaadaa~ ~,. ti,.~ ?? ~?d-
-"in evficnsfor postal affairs Ond telecas ications, subordindte to
3. The local postal affai:'fi and telecommunications offices, insofar as they
are not directly responsible to the ministry, are to be subordi.ated to the ap-
propriate Lreie offices for postal affairs and telecawmuaications.
The Pwtal Savings-Bank Office is to be subordinated to the Ministry of
Finance.
1. To attain a un-form clearing system, the postal cheeking?o?ficea in
Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Magdeburg, and Erfurt are to be transferred by 30 June
1953 from the administration of the Deutsche Post (GIs Post Office) to that of
the Deutsche Aotenbank ((PR Bank of Issue).
2. The inclusion of the existing postal checking operations in the clear-
ing system of the Deutsche Rotenhank is to be organised by the Deutsche Doten-
bank.
At the time vhen the postal checking offices are transferred to the
Deutsche Notenbank, a control office is to be set up to check on the money trans-
fers made by the enterprises of the Deutsche Post.
1. The funct?.on of transporting passengers by buses of the Deutsche Post
has been transferred to the Ministry of Transportation's Directorate-0enerml for
Motor Transport and Roads ,~so+n State Secretariat for Motor Transport and Roads] ,
insofar as such buses have been replmced by sail trucks of the Deutsche Post.
_~ .... 1 ~?: YIP}'. ['W K(? ~~ r.::.'~-'~v~'I~~i['
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
8-4-C-8-E-T
2. The main and Bezirk motor-vehicle repair shops are to be transferred to
the Directorate-General for Motor Transport and Roads' of the Ministry of Trans-
portation,. However, the operations repair shops for smaller repairs will remain
subordinate to the Deutsche Post.
1. To achieve uniform control over all technical services for the tele-
communications lines, all offices of that service are to be consolidated under
an Office for the Telecommunications Network.
2. To control the construction and asseaebly operations of wire communi-
cations of the De*ta lbst,a YMB (People-Owned Enterprise) for C ications
Installations of the Deutsche Post is to be established. This `WEB is to be
directly responsible to the Ministry of Postal Affairs and hiecosm mications
and is to be oat up on the-basis of the existing V for the Construction of
The Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telecommunications will issue the
necessary regulations to carry out this reorganimtion, in cooperation with the
State Planning Commission and the appropriate ministries and state secretariats.
This reorganization is to be carried out by the Ministry of Postal Affairs
and Telecommunications by 31 December 1953. The transfer of assets and lia-
T,bilitiecv of the foyer rwceri is to be carried out on the basis e; the balance
sheets as of 31 December 195?, and in .he case of Kreis offices for postal
affairs and telecommunications, on the basis of those of 31 December 1953-
B. LIST OF IRK DIHECTORATBS
AM) SUBORDIIIA E TEMOMINICAT'IOAS OFFICES
FOR THE MAIN PI*U ] 3TRATIOb FOR TKL.BCC*UNICATIORS
Bezirk Directorate Subordinate Teleceeswnications Offices
Dresden Pirna
Goerlitz Meiseen
Bautzen Loebau/Sachsen
Cheemitz Auerbach/Yogtland
Freiberg/Bacbaen Aue
Zwickau Annaberg
Pl.auen/VuAtland
-3-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Leipzig
Erfurt
Gera
Cottbus
Frankfurt/Oder
Potsdam
Sonneberg/ hhueringen
Ralle/sual.e ilw4erhausen
Potadnm Zossen
)randeaburg Special tele-
Neuruppin ccmunicationa
office in
Luckenvalde
Purleberg Wi3mar
Stralsund. Greifavald
C. DECREE CO IbG ?S6 Bb`RAffiISHMOT OF A PSOPLE-M D
RADIO " NSTALLA T S PLAEInG AND ASSL T MfIMMR SE FOR RADIO,
TRA1lMITTIEfl, AM RU"T ''!3' i'a~~"'. Al TIOMS
1. Effective 1 January 1953, the People-Owned Radio Installations- Planning
and Assembly Enterprise for Radio, Transmitting, and Receiving Installations is
to be established. The enterprise has its headquarters in $erlin.
2. This enterprise is responsible to the apprepafate min admir stratf.on
of the Ministry of Postal Pffairs and Telecommunications.
3. The duties of the enterprise con.erning the rroduction and erection of
radio installations are:
a, Preparing projects 'with cost estimates and technological projects
with cost plans for radio installations.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
b. Setting up uniform drafting norms, which can be declared generally
binding by the appropriate sinister or ministers.
c. Performing technical evaluations upon request.
In addition to the above duties, this enterprise may perform designing work,
assembly work, and construction management.
The enterprise has the right to inspect radio installations being produced
by other enterprises.
Only this enterprise is authorized to give final approval for the transfer
of completed installations
For purposes of coordination and guidance in the field of radio engineering,
=4 to promoto research and technical development in this field, the Council of
Ministers iaas decreed the following:
1. The Central Institute for Radio Engineering is established, effective
1 January 1953-
2. The Central Institute for Radio Engineering is a legal entity and
situated in Berlin. It is under tha supervision of the appropriate
tration in the Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telecoasnunications.
d activities of the Central Institute for Radio
The orization, duties, an
Engineering will be determined by a statute to be issued by the Finistry of
statute requires confirmation by the
Th
e
postal Affairs and Telecommuications.
director of the Central Office for Research and Technology in the State Planning
III
With the approval of the director of the Central Office for Research and
Technology, the Ministry of Postal Affairs and Telecoamunications will appoint a
organ-
bosrd of
antrustees for t Central d functions of this beard of Institute
trustees arei to be stated gin th
ization bylaws
of the institute.
-
The orgemzaziun -L y...?. ~~ ~?.
& hs and 4 of the regu-
to be drawn ttp and confirmed in accordance with paragr p 3
lation of 12 July 1951 concerning rules for organizational planning (Legal.
Gazette, page 689).
8-1-C4-2-T
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
S a-C-E -T
The Central Inatitute for Radio gineering is a budget organizetion, and
its budget is an integral Part of the budget of the Ministry of Postal Affairs
and ?elecoatakficu-tious .
2. The Central Institute for Radio I sneering urill take over from the
Nadia itap t~ of the a3antrasl Office for I rruuaefltand 5 vehich cmu be a used for re-
for Postal and fielecc nnmicati eri r ng
central Institute for Radio leiree
VI
the Rsd~So Y)epartment of the Central office
1. Rffectiure 1 Jy 9 -5'53, i ) is to be transferred to the
3. It is agreed that the State Radio Committee will retain equipment and
personnel essential to the radio and television studio operations.
2. By 31 karch 1953, an agrees nt' is to be reached with the State Radio
Committee concerning the transfer of personnel and equipment for television
development
1. Iffective I Jexm&ry 1953, personnel "4 egau,ipamatnt useful for radio
dasvelopaaut work are to be transfer, aadQfrom the State Radio Comittoe to the
VII
Th:.s decree tskes effect upon its prcmulgation.(2)
S-4-C44 l
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600150171-5
S-I -C-H-K-T
IRON AND S'6 EL
the world, but
US, 102 million tons; Prance, 31; Soviet Union, 25; Great Britain, 18;
In the record year 19843, the world production of iron ore: was 236 mil-
lion tons, divided as follows among the most important prckc:uciag countries:
In 1940, iron-ore production in the U SO amounted to about 28 million
maining 2 million tons from mines in the Moscow area, on the Crin:c,an Peninsula,
in western Siberia especially the Kuzbass -- and from other, ::naller mines.
tons. Of this production, about 18 million tons (two thirds of the produc-
tion) cane from the Krivoy Rog mines in the Ukraine; about 3 million tons
from mines in the Urals, especially in the Magnitogorsk area; and the re-
The deposits in the Crimea are estimated to contAin reserves of about
3 billion tons of ore. This ore, however, is of considerably poorer gs,ality
than the Krivoy Rog ore, containing only a little over 33 percent iron, and
muca phosphorus.
The Krivoy Rog ore is mined underground, while the Crimean deposits= lie
near the surisnce, and may, to a large extent, be worked by open pit mining.
The largest of the mines in the Urals, which in 1939 produced 6 million
tons of iron ore, are at Gora Magnitnaya, near Magnitogorsk, at Vyso:.i&,va anti
Blagodatskc7A north of Sverdlovsk, at Bakal near Chelyabinsk, and at Khalilovo.
The orP from these deposits contaic 45 percent '-ran; mainly in the form of
magnetite. The Bakal ore is richer, -ontaining about 65 percent iron. Total
known ore reserves in the Urals are estimated at 1.6 billion tons.
Geophysical exploration some years ago led to the discovery of large ore
deposits in the Bogoslovsk region in the northern Urals. These deposits are
now being developed. Mining has begun at Ivdel', at Serov, and in the .rca
between Bogoslovsk and Krasnotur'insk. These deposits consist mostly of
titanium-bearing magnetite ores.
In the Kuzbass (the Stalinsk region) in western Siberia, large iron ore
deposits are found in the Shoriya Mountains, southeast of Stalinsk. In 1941
these deposits were heavily exploited.
During the war, mining was begun in large deposits in Kazakhstan, near
Karaganda, coal fields.
On the Kola Peninsula, iron ore deposits are known to occur at Koldorovo,
near the Finnish border, and in the Priimandra area. The Koldorovo deposit
is now being exploited, and probably has an annual production of about 500,000
tons of iron ore.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
F
93
,
type of iron ore occurs and, in ,
su
iron, and are of the a eat very great depths, and mining them wou
of these deposits, bmmlmr t City of Starpy' Oskol. the very costly. one small mine is in operation Rog sea At Kursk, a Tastier
Ores of a similar type occur also in the En y
E tons of iron ore were produced
1
8 900
In the area between Kursk and yoronezn an yes
to 35 pest
%itic iron ores are fob. These contain from 30
of poor, quart
s those found in ~srvaranger in Rorvay?
ld be
--
about 500,000
At Tula and at the scoal productions was
d its of iron ore. In 1938
most iiiecible~ tons of iron ore.
Disregprding the quartxitic iron ores Au -- ?-?--
the total known reserves of iron ore in the 1JS R amount tai about 11 billion
t is enough for several hundred years, even with a considerably larger
,
th
a
toes
,
production of iron are than at present. w '
for the present,
Reserves of eguartzitic iron ores in-tare tic
and
a
e
have been estimated at 22t) billion tom be exploited to any great extent.
After the German occupation of the Ukraine ~n
in the i~lae~nito
gre
, a l
19 1
production took place in the eastern iron ore mines, F
in the Urals, but also in the mines in the Kunbs,ss
d other mines
Norsk mines an
and other places.
Iron ore production in the period 1941 - 1945 was not significa",tly
smaller than formerly, despite the loss of the Krivoy Rog mines. During this
period, .he mines in the Urals probably produced from 15 to 20 million tons
of iron ore, and the mines in Kuzbass some millions of tons.
The Krivoy Rog mines were severely damaged during the German o-.cupaticxn,
but iG has been stated that the mines in 1945 were back to h0 percent of their
prey r production. It must be assumed that the mines in 1914 had reached the
pretirr level of production, that is, 18 million tons. If, at the came tine,
the capacity of the on are mineu of the Urals, Kuzbass, and other places are
fullyr utilized, the Ui3.. ? should now he able to prodsice 40 to 50 million tons
f iron ore annually.
o
The following table shows the probable distributioof cos.- 1950
production among the most important mines. For purposes duction figure for 1938 are given. Reserves of ore and iron content are also
given for the various deposits-
Estisaated
Known Reserves
e
o
Region
production
(million tons)
Iron Content
of ore )
r
of
(seillion ton-)
1938
l9
Krivoy Rog (a)
Ukraine
16
18
57
1,000
30.40
(20,000)
]Criw7 Bog (b)
Tula, yipetak
arav region
0,5
0.5
30-130
1,1300
300
Kursk (a)
Kursk
0.9
0.5
50
--
-
30-130
(200,000)
garek (b)
-3-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
a
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Prhtnand*a ^ -_ 30-40 300
Koldorovo Kola Peninsula -- 0.5 35-50 4000
Estimated. Known Reserves
Production Iron Content of Ore
&.egi0D (million tons of Ore (~) (million tons)
19L8 1950
lCerch' Crimes. 0.8 1 40 3,000
Vysoknya Gore Central Urals 1 3 30-40 1,
Kbalilovo Southern Urals 0.1 0.5 45-50
Gore Magnitnnya 6 8 45-50
Others 0.2 0.5 45-50
Bakal " 60
Iv'e1' Worth Urals 1 30-50
Leroy 11 1 30-50 500
J
Shoriys Moun- Kuzbass 0.3 2 40 300
taus
Tel'bes Ilim Angara -- 1 50 400
Karaganda Kazakhstan -- 0.5 40 300 i
Bareya and others Far East 0.1 2 50 300
Others Uzbekistan, 0.2 0.5 30-60 800
Blagodetskoye 11 1 0.4 1:5 30-40
Others It 30-40
etc.
Total 26.5 41
About 11,000
220,000
The production figures given for the various mines are very uncertain.
The Fourt'i Five-Year Plan called for a pig iron production of ,-bont 19,500,000
tons in 1950. Tbrs.co:responds to an isan ore production of stout 40 million
tons, depending on the iron content of the mined ore. The production
figures for the various mines are estimated on the basis of various data on
development, etc. Statistical material for the postwar years is not avail-
able. However, it It known that the L:ivoy Rog mines before the war produced
1C million toes.annual]y, and that she Ural nines -- mainly those at *gnito-
gorek -- produced about 8 million tons. Further, it is known that the mines
in the Urals have been greatly expanded, and that mines are in operation in the
Kuzbass, Kankhstan, Angara, the Far East, and on the Kola Peninsula.
The figures given for reae_rvea of ore Iii the deposits in the Ukraine and
in the Urals are probably quite accurate. The figures for the deposits In
eastern Russia are more uncertain.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Crude Iron and Steel
The most isportant iron and steel works in the Ukraine are located at
Dnepropetrovsk, Dneprodzerzhinsk, Krivoy Rog, Zaporozh'ye, Zhdanov (formerly
Mariupol,'), and 11Mkeyevka. I the part of the Donets Basin which lies east
of the Ukrainne, the most important works are at Rostov. Farther east, steel-
works are located In Stalingrad. Maganitogorak has the largest iron and steel
industry in the Urals (and in the ). Western Siberia's iron and steel
industry is concentrated In Stalinak. In the central European part of the
USSR, iron and steel works are located in a belt which extends northeast from
Sr'ansk to Gor"kiy on the Volga. The most important centers of production
are Moscow, Voronezh, Tuba, Gor'kiy, and Kiev. Leningrad also has a steel
plant. In the Par East, the steelworks in Komsoenol'sk has an annual capacity
of &)0,000 tons.
It is not possible, with any degree of certainty, to give figures for
the distribution among the various steelworks of the planned production for
1950 -- 25 aillion tons. With all possible reservations, it y be aur-
aised that the picture is about as follows (production figures for 1938 are
included for comparison).
Cor' kiy
Tuba
Kirov
Vorrrnezh
Moscow
Others
Leningrad
Dnepropetrovsk
Dneprodzerzhinsk
Krivoy Rog
,sporozh'ye
Zhdanov
Makeyevka
Kerch'
R1aganrog
Rost;w
Stalingrad
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Kbalilovo southern Urals
Magni togorsk
Chelyabinsk
Sverdlovsk
Zlatoust
Nizhniy Tagil
Stalirsk Kuzbass
vetrovsk 2abaykai' Angara
Khabarovsk
Others
Manchuria produces 7 to 8 million tons of iron ore annually, Korea 3 to 4
million tons, Poland 700,000 tons, Hungary about 6o0, O o tons. Rumania 200,000
tons, and Yugoslavia 500,000 tons.
The annual pig iron production of these countries is as follows: Man-
churia about 2 million tons, Korea 500,000 tons, Poland about one million tons,
Hungary about 400,000 torts, Pumania about 200,000 tons, and Yugoslavia about
100,000 tons.
Steel production in these countries is proport{onal to the raw iron pro-
duction.
The USSR has the world's largest known deposits of manganese ore, and has
for a long time been the world's leading producer of manganese. The normal
annual production amounts to 2,800,000 tors, that is, one half of the world
production. (Most of the USSR'a manganese ore contains about 45 percent manga-
nese.)
Most Important Deposits
The most important manganese producing regions in the Soviet Union are
Chiature in. Georgia, and (2) Iikopol' in the Ukraine, on the lover course
o ..he Dnepr, about 150 kilometers frost the Odesskiy Zaliv. Other producing
regions are: the northern and central Urals, the Bashkir area ii, the snuthern
Urals, the Kracno*arsk area in western Siberia, and Kazakhstan.
-6-
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
The Chiatura mines are located around the Kvirila River, about 70
kilometers east of the city of Kutaisi, in the Kutaisakaya Oblast in Georgia.
The manganese deposits occur within an area 30 kilometers long and 10 kilo-
meters wide. The Kvirila River divides the area, into two parts of equal
size.
The deposits consist of horizontal layers of manganese, 1 to 2 meters
thick. The ore is obtained from underground mines. There are about 300 mines
within the Chiatura region. The ore generally contains about 40 percent ma.nga-
steelworks; but much of it is washed, and a concentrate containing about 50
percent manganese is obtained. The washing takes place at the various mines,
Most of the mnganese ore which is exported originates in the Chiatura
mines. Exports in 1938 amounted to 400,000 tons. The ore from Aikopol' -- the
other large manganese region -- is used mainly in the domestic steel industry.
The ore from the other mange.oese mines is used domestically or. y.
The ore in this region occurs in quite flat layers, averaging 2 meters
in thickness. The ore is obtained from underground mines, as in the Chiatura
region. Alcst of the mines ir? the region are from 50 to 100 meters deep.
The ore contains .n average of about 30 percent mangganese. The raw ore
is concentrated by means of washing or flotation into a concentrate containing
40 to 50 percent manganese.
In 1935, the Hikopol' mines produced a little over one million tons of
manganese ore. Since then, the annual production has amounted to from one
million to 1.5 million tons.
The mines were in operation daring the German occupation of the Ukraine.
However, the Germans destroyed what they could before retreating. The Russians
immediately bega:i putting the aloes back into operating condition. As early as
1945 the mines had a significant production. At present, the mines are probably
back at full capacity -- about one million tons of manganese ore annually.
The Hikopol' deposits are the largest known deposits of manganese in
the USSB, and in the world.
The llazu:' manganese mine delivers manganese are to the Staiinak steel
plant ftalinsk Ferrosi.loy PLnnt in the Kusbass region. The mine is located
on the lbsal.' River, about 12 kites ters southwest of the city of Achinsk, 100
kilometers vest of Krasnoyarsk. This ore contains, as a rule, not mom than
15 to 20 percent manganese. me iron content of the ore is about the same.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
1ar-
required by the ratans sir steel plan..
.. ~ouevar, up to l940 i t, was the third
.,....,,.,,
C
The 1935 productiOr. eras 130,0001 toms of oorl ears
at that time, ss punted to only 1,600,000 tons -- not even erougkl for 10 y
of operation at that annual rate of procl~acti.on. In ].940, reserves of ore were the estimated at 14 million. ;;(ens. The dtposIL moswitht Ch laturaganese ore
NikopOL' ,
The ore is enxiched into a concentrate contain r, L'- `'
rtrate. Known reserves oi' Ore,
Chelyabinsk-?JVC'rc_OV k
area
Mangyshiak
2,750,000 i,2uJJ,000 69C,00cc,000
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
: o, L 'i J
significant prods_?ior to 100.01X1 torts annually.
dep0aIT. of -!.1-j0t.lt to.
the T' _
~: iII:aiL mit.ir. 71E?I'at~-Or:;
teen at f ut 0 CIa111o 7.0
Urals have _T, i ut producfi i. waS
were carriea out h.rr. t f'or:r S:or . 1 P`
during t e i.er, hn.?:1e1, tee is [c2 t th Folul h e
ry rPEro rr, iken
posit at I ;t. thl
were ovea uc_I'Y? T`j ots .. .r.lFe I'erl ;n iI:al: .. c:
200,00000 to??, a tDcl. ,:r
..~.. - p ~' ;1 ievsk e _e0 ir. t ue . : r ernl
over 200. ~'%vly
Fur or', ore a; T::` ..
-( lie: P 1. p.,.- _
tuti(r. ee:th i12',nt~t,. _ lee., ot.
ur,
ijkI'4' . c 55,000
oO
dent _.. uItOrelt c?5,.
;nutherr Ur i s ,100
;el, r..i Ur' .1e '
northern Lrals CTO 20,rh70,0:.(1
.._:.Gll
of the t : /
i CrU, 000 10, Ci00, C(,O
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Production in ei boring Status
Rumania and Hungary each has an annual production of about 1+0,000 tons of
manganese ore.
CHROMIUM
The USSR's total reserves of chromium ore were estimated in 1937 at 15
million tons -- enough for 50 years at an annual production rate of 300,000
tons. The now known reserves are probably considerably larger:,;
The largest deposits are in the Urals, contained in at belt reaching trom
Khalilovo in the south, northward past Sverdlovsk to Nizlu,iy Tagil, and farther
northwest toward Saratov. Other deposits occur in Kazakhstan, in the Caucasus,
and around Lake Baykal.
Practically the vhoie of the USSR's productioni aI i hros wn ore has thus
`far come from the Urals. Recently, rather small product1o:: has taken place
Kazakhstan.
NMost ImoctantDeposits
In the central Urals (especially the Sverdlovsk area), chromium ore jr;
mined at Sarat3v, Klyuchevsk; Utaert', Hi7hn.y Tagil, Goroblagodatskoye,
Kutuzovskiy, Gologorsk, Alapa evsk, hezhevskly, Sverdlovsk, Polevskoy, Serginsk-
Ufaleinsk, Miass, and Tunratarev. In the northern. Urals, chromium is mined
at Bogoslovsk.
Before World War Ti, the Saratov mine was the largest pro~ucer of chromium
ore in the USSR. Known reserves at thin mine amount to 7 million tons. Most
of the ore contains 30 percent chromium oxide-, but the best of it contains 40
percent and more. One half of the Saratov production (before the war, 50,0X'
tons arPrally) gee, to the narby Shayt:u.ki.y works, where chromium salts for
the chaaical industry, tanneries, etc., are produced.
During the war, exploitation of the liizhnriy-Tagil deposits was greatly
expanded, and they are now probably the largest producers of chromium -)re in
the USSR.
The Klyuchevsk mine lies 20 kilometers vest of Sverdlovsk. This ore is
of poor quality, containing only 17 percent chromium oxide, but it may be enriched
to a concentrate containing 48 percent chromium oxide. Known reserves at this
deposit amount to about 600,040 tons.
The Gologcrsk rains is 10 kilo?eter.. 'west of Sverdlovsk. Here the reserves
of ore amount u> about 500,900 tons, containing from 35 to 55 percent chromium
oxide.
In the Chelyabinsk region, south of Sverdlovsk, there is a small mine at
Verblyuzlwaya Gora, near Kartaly. In Bachart, 40 kilometers vest of Magnito-
gorsk, there is ar:other small mine.
The Khaliiovo area, in the Chkalov region, is an important ;:enter of pro-
duction. The ore from this deposit is uniformly good, containing about 50 per-
cent chromium oxide.
In northern Kazakhstan (just south of the Urals), a number of small de-
posits cf chromium are found around Aktyabinsk.
-9
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Near Lake Sevan, in the Tranacaucasus, a considerable deposit is known to
occur. No exploitation had taken place there up to 1939.
ise on tion ( togas) of -- -- it-")
(Ore containing 40 percent chromium oxide)
Saratov Central Urals
100,000
Nizhniy Tagil 11 "
150,000
Klyuchevsk
Gologorsk
7C,000
Others
Khalilevo area
Chkalov, sot.th-
70,000
ern Urals
Others Kazakhstan, Cau-
casus, and the
11'ransbaykal
Total
Neighboring States
Greece (production
capacity)
3,x,00)
2,000,.300
3,000,000
1,000,000
16,000,000
1,000,E
Tie?ore 1933, the USSR produced no nickel, The First Five-Year Plan
(1928 - 19321 calleck for a eaaell nickel produet!-r., but none was produced dur-
ing this period. Im 193e, U EM nickel production avounted to only 2,500 tons,
that is, 2,500 tons of nickel were produced from nickel ore aasine:l in the USSR.
Practically all of this production originated in aaaines in the Urals. In 1938,
the i, crted about 10,000 tons of nickel.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5 -,
in full production. After the war, the USSR purchased the Pechenga nickel
mines - - formerly in Finnish territory -- from the Canadian owners for 20 million
Some years before World War II, an important nickel deposit was developed
at Norilsk, at the mouth of the Yenisey River. By 1941, the production of
25,000 tong. Thus, the nickel situation in the USSR at present is significantly
better than before World War II. However, 25,000 tons annually is hardly suf-
Alori l' sk
Most Irkportant Deposits
the nickel content of the ore produced in the course of a normal production year
to be 10,000 tune, this would correspond to a crude ore production of 1,200,000
tons of one percent nickel ore. Norilsk has smelting and refining plants,
which probably refine all, or most nf, the production.
copper ore, of a type similar to the Pechenga ore. The content is about one
percent nickel, about 17 percent copper, and some platinum and gold. Assuming
Most of the Fechenga ore contains i.5 to 3 percent nickel, and I to
c. percent copper. Some of the ere contains over 5 percent nickel and almost as
isuch copper. Known reserves of ore are estimated at 5 million tons, corresponding
to about 120,000 tons of nickel. Possible reserves are larger.
The mines which existed in Pechenga in 1944, before they were des-
troyed by the Germaad, were capable of an 3nnval production of 400,000 tons of
crude ore, corresponding to about 10,0100 tons of nickel.
In 1943 -- the only year with a full. production in Pechenga while
it was still in Finnish territory -- are containing 9,000 tons of nickel and
4,000 tons of copper was produced. The ore was smelted in an electric smelter
at Kol'skiy, electric power being obtained from the power plant in Janislcoski,
which lies 70 kilometers southwest of Kol'skiy. The power plant was planned for
a full capacity of 40,0G0 kilovatts. The smelting produced nickel-copper matte,
containing about 60 percent nickel, as well as copper. There was no refinery
for further treatment of the matte in Fechenga. It may be assumed that the mines
are at present to full production, but it is improbable that the smelter will be
able to produce at fail capacity before 1950. It mast, therefore, be assumed
that part of the crude ore is being shipped to the nickel works at Monchegorsk
for further treatment. Refinement of the Pechenga matte will probably, under
any circumstances, take place in Unnchegorak, or possibly partly in the re-
fineries in the Urals.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
Monchegorsk
bnche tundry, and on the Volche tundra, farther vest. Toward the north and
the vest, other, little explored, nickel deposits are known on Losevaya tundra,
the Sal'naya tundra, and the Podas tundra. Deposits of nickel are also known
in the central part of the Kola Peninsula, east of Lake Lovozero, on the Fedorov
tundra, and on the Palmas tundra. Nickel ore in mined only on the Manche top.-,
dry; exploration is going forward or., the Volche tundra, with a a,vie?,, toward.
0.5 percent nickel and 0.3 percent copper. Development of these deposit;: wn.;
ldittis and Kuarukhaa Varaka mountains in the W riche tundry, which were said to
contain over 4 percent nickel, that is, richer than thePechenga ore. Sia,cf
1.938, development has been concentrated on these deposits.
before they are treated in the smelter at Monchegorsk. The rich ores, on the
ather hand, are smelted directly -- an is the care with the Pechenga ores --
and a nickel-copper matte, containing about 60 percent nickel, as well as
copper, is obtained. Before the war, there was no refinery in Monchegorsk,
but a large plant had been planned, and is now probably completed. This
refinery will produce metallic nickel, metallic copper, and, as by-products,
some lead and cobalt. Some gold, silver, and platinum metals will also be
obtained.
In the year before
the
war, the annual production of Monche-
gorsk as hardly more than 1,000
t~iris
of nickel. The present production may
be &oout 4,000 tons manually, and
it
will probably be possible, in the near
future, to increase it to 10,000
tons
annually.
area in the central. Ural, and the Orsk -- Khalilovo -- Aktyubinsk -- Novo -7'ro its):
area in the southern Urals. One of the most productive nickel mires in the
Urals thus far is located near Ufalei, about midway between Chelyabinsk and
Sverdlovsk. These are sulfide ores, of a type similar to the Pechenga ore, but
with a lower nickel content -- about one percent. The ore of the Orsk-Khalitovo
area is lov-grade nickel silicate ore, of a type similar to that found in New
Before World War II, nickel F.roduction in the Uralc amounted to about
2,500 tons annually. During the wa: it increased, through forced expluitation,
to perhaps 4,000 tons annually. Known reserves of nickel in the Urals hardly
exceed 100,000 tons, and most probably they are considerably smaller. The
first nickel zefining plant in the Urals vss built in "th alei In 1934. It had
a production capacity of about 3,000 tons annually. Since then, nickel re-
fineries h?,ve been built in Rezh, east of Sverdlovsk, and in Orsk.
c? a # a^a` 'tl~so-a` 4~al;` yl .xi2yQ;'fj"}r'.&!r*~ .4
s? - --- `~~ --. _ _ , .. _ ~~ ~ a?yy , ~ ~ :: m s.~ ' ~,..~,,~.. ~: ~ ...._.. ass,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
known and probable reserves of ore of the various mines are also given, like-
vise as nickel content of the ore. Production figures for 1938 are given for
ous nickel mines in the USSR, expressed as nickel content of the ore. The
Rezh 500 2,000 4o,0Ca
Vale i Central Urals 1,5W ~'0, 000
Feehenga Kola Peninsula 9,000 120,000
(Metal content of ore, in tons)
1950
Noril'sk Yenisey -- 10-15,000 200,000 (7)
Khalilovo
and others
All cobalt produced in the USSR is obtained as a by-product of the smelt-
ing of nickel ores. Cobalt is extracted at smElteis in Norilsk, Ufalei, and
Orok. Cobalt may possibly be extracted in i4onchegorsk also.
The USSR's production of cobalt hardly exceeds 50 to 100 tons annually.
This is almost certainly insufficient to cover Soviet requirements.
The copper-bearing pyrite ores of the Urals contain small amounts of co-
),,,lt. By special treatment of these ores, it is possible; to obtain cobalt as
a by-product. So far as is known, this has not yet been done.
Before World War II, the U.%OR never figured in international statistics
as a producer of molybdenum and tungsten. In 1940, it was reported that a
molybdenum smelter had been put into operation in Kazakhstan -- near Kounradskiy
on Lake Dalkhash -- based upon a molybdenum concentrate obtained as a by-product
of the copper ore of Kounradskiy. At about the same tine, it was stated that
exploitation of a large deposit of tungsten had begun at Dizhinsk at the southern
end of Lake Baykal.
it may be assumed that since 1940 the USSR has produced certain amounts of
both molybdenum and tungsten. Soviet statistics state that the 1945 molybdenum
production was 309 percent of the 1940 production, and. thrt during the same period
tusgbten production increased 113 percent. The fourth rive-Year Plan calls fm
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600150171-5
an increase in molybdenum production of 110 percent and in tungsten production
of 340 percent, as compared to 1945. Msuaing a Molybdenum production of 100
tons in 1940, this means that in 1945 the production amounted to about 300 tons,
and that in 1950 the production will be about 600 tons. Likewise, assuming a
tungsten production of 100 tons in 1940, the 1945 production was about 200 tons,
In 1945, the USSR imported from the US 1,600 tons of molybdenum concentrate..
none was imported from the US. Since the war,
in 1946
)
it
d
,
e
;
en
(90 percent molyb
the USSR has obtained all of Norva.y'a production of molybdenite. In 1948 this
molybdenum and tungsten are concerned, but that it is doing everything possible
to increase the production of these metals.
Last Important Do alts
Very little is known concerning deposits of molybdenum and tungsten in the
USSR. In Soviet technical and scientific literature and in geological descrip-
mention is made of deposits of molybdenum and/or tungsten in
s of the USR
tio
,
n
various regions. In some cases, mention is made of the exploitation of certain.
Information con-
de
i
i
.
n maa
on
deposits, but as a rule no mention of exploitat
cerningthe size of the deposit or reserves of ore is , not available for a single
deposit. Everything indicates that the tungsten deposit at llizhinak, west of
Kyakhta at the southern end of Lake Baykal, and one deposit in the nearby Khalaan'
Mauntaius, are the most important producers of tungsten in the USSR. Molybdenum
is also produced here.
The Tashkent area in Uzbekistan has one deposit of molybdenum-tungsten.
The copper deposit at Koun^adskiy on Lake Balkhash is probably the largest
producer of molybdenum in the USSR. The Kounrad ore is of the same type as that
found in the large US molybdenum-bearing copper deposits. Similar ores are found
also at Agrrak in the Transeaucasus, and it Almalyk in the ~ashkent area.
A molybdenum deposit is supp;sed to exist at Verkhoyansk in northern Siberia.
A smaller molybdenum-tungsten deposit is fo.uad in the Kuzbass.
In the Urals, tungsten deposits are found in the Gumbeyka re&io:?, 40 kilo-
meters east of Magnitogorsk; 9clentific literature mentions deposits at Buryanovsk,
Navarinskiy, Trebyi, Arael.anbe.y, and Balk-any. The mineral in the ire is scheelite
in all deposits. Everything points to all these deposits being small, but some
of them are now probably being exploited.
On the. Kola Peninsula, 23 deposits of molybdenum have been described. Most
of these lie along the Kirov railroad -- from Wtrmansk to Kirovsk. With a couple
of exceptions, these are small deposits, which will hardly be exploited. The
Takhtavumchorskiy deposit on the Khibinskaya tundra is the only one which is owed
to be promising.
Production in Neighboring States
China is the world's largest producer of tungsten. O,'er 90'percent of China's
production originates in liangsi Provincz, in southern China, 320 kilometers from
Canton. All other deposits of tungsten are also located in southwestern China.
China's known reserves of tungsten, expressed as tungsten Letsl, are estimated at
5 million tons, that is, sufficient for several hundred years at the rate of pro-
duction which has thus far taken place.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600150171-5
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
whole of the production cane from the tasvaara mine in eastern Finland, near -'
the Soviet border. Production was discontinued after the war. However, reserves
of ore sufficient for many years of operation at the former rate of production
Hwaughae-do.
the Germans began developing a new, quite considerable deposit of .uolybdenum in
Itckatica in Serbia. The Yugoslavs took up the work again in 1949, and estimate
that the mine will be reauy for production in 1952. This mine will then pro-
bably be capable of producing about 1,000 tors of molybdenum concentrate annually.
In the USSR considerable deposits of ilmeni.te exist on the Kola Penin-
sula and in the Urals. The largest deposit on the Kola Peninsula is the Afri-
kanda deposit, which lies between the south end of Lake Imandra and Kandala.rsha.
Kn9vn reserves of ore here correr>ond to a titanium content of 50 million tcins.
Most of the ore contains 10 to 15 percent titanium oxide and about 50 percent iron.
Before World War II, the Afrikanda deposit was being developed for operation. Pro-
duction had not begun at the start of the war. The size of the planned production
capacity is not known. Production is now most probably under way At Afrikanda. It
is possible that the annual production here will be of the order of 100,000 tons
of ilmenite concentrate, but probably it will be considerable smaller. In Afrikanda,
and at other places on the Kola Peninsula, titanium minerals other than ilmenite
also occur; their exploitation has been considered.
Praccical1y all ilmenite deposits in solid rock contain considerable quanti-
ties of magnetite also. They are in reality iron-titanium deposits. In Afrikanda,
the iron content is 4 to 5 ties a.--t large .as the titanium content.
On the Khlbinskaya tundra on the Kola Peninsula, titanium-bearing magnetite
is obtained through the beneficiation of the apatite-nepheline ore of Kirovsk.
The annual production here amounts to about 50,000 tons of a titanium-magnetite
concentrate, containing about 15 percent titanium oxide.
In the Urals, especially in the Chelyabinsk region, there are several large
deposits of titanium-bearing iron, ore. The largest titanium mine in the Urals
is probably the Kusa deposit, which is located near Zlatoutst, vest of Chelyabinsk.
The ore is beneficiated and given further treatment at the Kusa works, 15 kilo-
meters east of the mine. The size of the ilmenite concentrate production in the
Urals is so' known.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
50X1-HUM
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
It is possible that the U M's total axxrrua1 production of ilheuite con-
centrate anon to to about 200,000 tans. With its kraWn ilienite deposits fully
developed, the i d have no difficulty in producing &iufficient titanium
for its aura rrequirejonts.
The t 'a$ production of rutile is not known. Neither is it known whether
deposits of rtxtile occur in the Ma.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/16: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600150171-5
50X1-HUM