ECUADOR ATTEMPTING TO REVIVE BORDER DISPUTE WITH PERU

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP08C01297R000700120005-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 26, 2012
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: March 26, 1965
• Content Type: MISC

,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/09/26: CIA-RDP08C01297R000700120005-9
V V "
ECUADOR ATTEMPTING TO REVIVE
Western Hemisphere
BORDER DISPUTE WITH PERU
Ecuador has been preparing
diplomatically to try to bring be-
fore the Extraordinary Inter-Amer-
ican Conference scheduled to open
on 20 May its claim that the Rio
Protocol is void.
The Rio Protocol of 29 Janu-
ary 1942 established in detail the
boundaries between Ecuador and
Peru, disputed since 1822. These
reflected Peru's de facto control
of most of the upper Amazon basin,
its victory in a 1941 border war,
and its strong colonial titles.
Ecuadorean public opinion has been
so intensely committed for genera-
tions to unattainable aspirations
for territory on the Amazon-Mara-
non river system that the protocol
has been exploited by the politi-
cal opposition to embarrass suc-
cessive Ecuadorean governments.
Impotent to loosen the rul-
ing military junta's grip on power,
or to speed up its plans for tran-
sition to civilian rule, Ecuador's
political parties demanded in Feb-
ruary that the government use the
forthcoming OAS meeting to present
"just grievances." Ecuador has
claimed since 1960 that the jurid-
ical background of the protocol,
and a minor flaw in geographical
terms of reference of the stipu-
lated boundary, nullify the in-
strument.
Peru adamantly maintains that
the protocol is a valid, freely
ratified, unalterable instrument
whose execution should be com-
pleted. The Peruvian opposition,
which controls congress, has re-
peatedly demanded unilateral de-
marcation of the 78 kilometers of
frontier remaining open between
the last two border markers em-
placed, but President Belaunde
opposes this.
The agenda of the OAS meet-
ing was approved before the Ecua-
dorean junta was driven to action.
Should it belatedly raise the mat-
ter there as it has promised, Peru
would leave the meeting. Further-
more, the guarantors of the execu-
tion of the 1942 protocol--Chile,
Brazil, Argentina, and the US--
have no wish to permit the open-
ing of a Pandora's box of demands
for boundary revisions. Most gov-
ernments are unwilling to touch
this hot potato, and consequently
Ecuador has little hope of obtain-
ing the necessary two-thirds vote
to introduce its pleas at the OAS
meeting.
If the junta and Belaunde
are able to resist political and
public pressures, this episode in
the long dispute will probably
pass without diplomatic or fron-
tier incidents. The basically
friendly relations between the
two governments favor gradual dis-
sipation of the current storm.
Nevertheless, Ecuador reportedly
has added 90 days to draftees'
military service, and if nation-
alistic pressures in either na-
tion force strong actions, a
critical situation could develop
rapidly. The affair carries the
potential for wrecking the OAS
conference and, if the Ecuadorean
junta does not do enough to placate
its people, conceivably could be
the issue to bring about its fall.
3-greimz
26 Mar 65 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY
Page 19
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SECRET
Europe
SPANISH GOVERNMENT RISKS FURTHER STUDENT UNREST
Student demonstrations are
likely to resume following a vir-
tual turndown by the Council of
Ministers of demands for democratic
reforms in the Spanish University
Syndicate (SEU). Following a cab-
inet meeting on 18 March it was
officially announced that a study
of reforms must await a "normal
situation" and be carried on within
the existing syndicate structure.
Students will consider this a
disavowal of the commitment which
they felt they received from
Herrero Tejedor, under secretary
of the movement (the parent body
of the syndicates), on 7 March.
A further hint of some uncertainty
within the regime over the ques-
tion was the tone of editorial
comments in the controlled press.
The support it evidenced for re-
forms in the university syndicate
had suggested that some accommoda-
tion of student demands would be
forthcoming.
Police action against demon-
strators was mild when the current
round of student demonstrations
against the SEU first began in
Madrid on 29 January. A protest
march on 24 February was roughly
broken up, however, and the
faculties of medicine and of
philosophy in Madrid were closed
for several days and five profes-
sors who participated in a student
meeting were suspended. Herrero
Tejedor met with student leaders
and quieted the situation with
promises of reform. Students in-
dicated that a lull in demonstra-
tions would depend on the way the
government acted on Herrero's
promises and on the treatment ac-
corded to the five suspended pro-
fessors. Demonstrations at Bar-
celona and Bilbao led to closings
of faculties there.
The reversal of Herrero
Tejedor's commitment is not sur-
prising. While some elements
within the regime are sympathetic
to the students' demands, they
are much more responsive to the
dangers inherent in any liberal-
ization in the monolithic syndi-
cate organization. Any reforms
granted to students would quickly
bring new demands by workers for
reform of their syndicates. This
would undermine the government's
rigid control of labor, with at-
tendant political repercussions.
SECRET
26 Mar 65 CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY
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