SECOND ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE OF DISINFECTION SERVICE WORKERS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700180079-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 79
• Publication Date: May 5, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
HOW
DATE OF
Scientific - Medicine, disinfection, organization 1NFORi ATIOii
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
FUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Jun 1953
LANGUAGE Russian
DATE DIST. S May 1954
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE 7.hurnsl Mikrohiologii Esidemiolo ii i Immunoblolo i , No 6, 1953,
pp 90=93
M,?SECOND ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE OF
DISINFECTION SERVICE WORKERS
The Second All-Russian Conference of Disinfection Service Workers took
place in Moscow, 17-19 November 1952. About 400 persons took part in the con-
ference: the principal officials of the republic, kray, oblast, and city sani-
tary-epidemiological stations, the heads of the disinfection divisions and
prophylactic disinfection departments of these stations, and the chief phy-
sicians of the city disinfection stations.
Eighteen reports were presented at the conference. The first report, on
the status and current tasks of disinfection work in the RSFSR, was given by
Ogloblina, chief of the Main Sanitary-Epidemiological Administration, Ministry
of Public Health RSFSR.
In her report, Ogloblina pointed out that (1) the unification and re-
organization of the sanitary-antiepidemic service have made possible the strength-
ening and development of disipfection work in the RSFSR, and (2) the extension
of the network of disinfection 'Institutions within the system of sanitary-
epidemiological stations has improved medical supervision of local disinfection
work. At present, the disinfection service network of the RSFSR includes disin-
fection stations, disinfection divisions of the republic, kray, oblast, and
city sanitary-epidemiological stations, and the cost-accounting departments of
prophylactic disinfection at the latter.
The number of workers in the disinfection s-rvice has increased by eight
times since 1940. The turnover in the medical cadres has been sharply cur-
tailed. Medical cadres of prophylactic disinfection departments have been
reinforced to a significant degree. Finally, considerable work has been done
to raise the qualifications for physicians engaged in disinfection work.
DISTRIBUTION
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CONFIDENTIAL
wura 01 ene aisinrec-
tion service. A fundamental defect is that some leaders of public health organ-
izations underestimate the enormous importance of the disinfection service in
the over-all complex of antiepidemic measures, and thus that these leaders do
not have a proper concern for the'selection, placement, and training of-cadres.
In the Stalingrad and Ulyanovsk Oblast sanitary-eipdemiological stations, the
present heads of disinfection divisions have has no medical education; and in
the Kuybyshev, Chelyabinsk, Kalinin, and Bryansk Oblast stations, the heads of
the prophylactic disinfection departments are not physicians. Furthermore, not
all the positions for disinfection workers are filled. Thus it Kaluga, Kursk,
Ulyanovsk, and Vladimir oblasts only one out of 3-4 official physicians' po-
sitions are filled, while some rural medical districts have no disinfectors at
all, i.e., in Arkangel'sk, Kemerovo, and'Ul'yanovsk oblasts; the Buryat-Mongol,
Yakut, and Udmurt ASSRs; and Krasnodar Kray.
The leadership has not given proper attention to the preparation if local
cadres. In Stalingrad, Kuybyshev, Molotov, and Sverdlovsk oblasts, azsignments
to institutes for advanced training of physicians have not been utilized.
Vologda Oblast and the North Osetian ASSR, fel'dshers and not physicians were
sent to these institutes.
The problems of training intermediate workers in the disinfection service
still have not been decisively resolved. A great number of disinfectors and
disinfection instructors have had no specialized preparation. An inquiry into
the qualifications of su_h workers in some oblasts causes serious alarm. Thus
25% of the disinfectors in Kurran Oblast and 42% of the disinfectors in Tambov
Oblast have had no specialized training; in the Udmurt ASSR none of the disin-
fection instructors has attended courses; and in the Dagestan ASSR there has
been no preparation whatsoever for disinfectors and disinfection instructors
for the past 2 years. As a result of the inadequate qualification of inter-
mediate disinfection workers, work instructions have sometimes been contravened,
for example, in connection with the application of hexachlorane preparations.
The quality of disinfection work in cases of infectious illnesses has not
reached the desired level. In most oblasts, (disinfection] treatment is applied
after the deadlines specified by the Ministry of rublic Health USSR.' Thus, in
Yaroslav and Irkutsk oblasts treatment is applied within the first 3 hours only
in 50% of cases and, in the Yakut ASSR, only in 27% of cases. In the Mariy ASSR,
a thorough disinfection at the time of the patient's hospitalization was carried
out in only 9% of the cases; in 21% of the cases, disinfection was performed
ire than 24 hours later. In Kurg,.n, Vladimir, and Sverdlovsk oblasts and in
the Chuvash ASSR, chamber disinfection is not adequately applied in cases of
intestinal and air-borne droplet infections or tuberculosis even when the ma-
terial and technical means are available.
A significant improvement is likewise needed in day-to-day disinfection
work. In a number of ASSRs, krays, and oblasts, a close scrutiny of the disin-
fection systems in hospitals for contagious diseases and tuberculosis institu-
tions reveals gross negligence in carrying out continuous disinfection. For
example, in Kuybyshev Oblast disinfection is completely entrusted to junior
personnel, and the physicians and medical nurses of the departments exercise
no guidance or control. The chief physicians of several sanitary-epidemiol-
ogical stations (those of Irkutsk and Vladimir oblasts and of the Dagestan
and Udmurut ASSRs) have assigned day-to-day disinfection to their own workers,
whereas such disinfection would seem to be the direct responsibility of the
workers in the medical.propb: actic network. As a result, the methodical
guidance and control of the. epidemiological system in hospitals for contagious
diseases and tuberculosis institutions have been weakened. Furthermore, labo-
ratory control over the quality of disinfection procedures is poor.
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In his report. Kudrinskly, chief physician of the Moscow City Disinfection
Station, discussed the organization of thorough disinfection and control of the
effectiveness of disinfection procedures. The characteristic of the work of the
Moscow City Disinfection Station is that final disinfection is carried out by
the brigade method (two disinfectors under the direction of a physician or disin-
fection instructor). Furthermore, for all infectious illnesses except dysentery,
chamber disinfection is used. In the case of dysentery, chamber disinfection is
applied only when bedclothes and objects which cannot be disinfected on the spot
by soaking have been soiled by matter eliminated by the sick person. In prac-
tice, the city disinfection station makes wide use of activated solutions of
chloramine.
Ignat'yev,chief physician of the Voronezh City Disinfection Station, gave
an account of the organization of the disinfection service in Voronezh. A whole
complex of antiepidemic measures is applied in Voronezh: timely hospitalization
of the ill, disinfection, and the isolation and obligatory treatment of carziers
until they are harmless from the standpoint. of contagion. The collective of the
station is working out scientific problems of great practical significance.
Important work has already been done in the search for new disinfection agents.
The production of pure hexachlorane, possessing high insecticidal properties,
has beccme well known. The station has become an instruction base for training
intermediate medical personnel and a genuine consultation center in the oblast
where the latest, methods may be learned.
Skvortsov, director of the Fryanovo Medical District of Shchelkovo Rayon
of Moscow Oblast, reported that all the conditions necessary for the timely
liquidation of infectious illnesses and for the carrying out of wide-scale pro-
phylactic disinfection work have been established. The hospital has two disin-
fection chambers (formalin combined with steam and dry heat), portable pump-
type disinfectant sprayers, disinfection apparatus, and a permanent reserve of
disinfection materials. Also, the bathhouse has a dry-heat disinfection chamber.
A sanitation unit of 118 men has been treated to help the medical workers carry
out extensive prophylactic measures.
In a report on the role of the isolation ward in the general complex of
antiepidemic measures, Grigor'yeva, chief physician of the Leningrad City Disin-
fection Station, analyzed the work done by this ward over a period of years.
The function of the ward changed in accordance with the epidemiological situa-
tion. In recent years, the ward has been used for treating diphtheria carriers
and those recovering from scarlet fever and dysentery until they are no longer
a threat. The physicians at the station, in conjunction with the scientific
workers of the institutes, are studying the effectiveness of new methods a^d
means for treating carriers.
Chief physicians Kushnikova, of the Tula Sanitary-Epidemiological Station,
and Mikheyeva. of the Sochi City Station, recounted their experiences in the
organization of antifly work. Planned antifly measures have been carried out
in Sochi and populated points in Tula Oblast since 1949. The treatment has
utilized preparations of DDT and hexachlorane. Breeding places were treated
with black carbolic acid. Special attention was given to removing both solid
and liquid refuse from inhabited places. As a result of these measures, the
number of flies decreased sharply, and thus the number of cases of a.:ute in-
testinal infections decreasel.
tvanova? chief
physician of the Saratov City Disinfection Station; re-
ported-on the organization of a rat-elimination program on a continuous basis.
A special resolution of the Executive Committee of the city soviet requires all
organizations, enterprises, and institutions to enter into contracts for rat
elimination, or to carry it out themselves, using the forces of the departmental
disinfection service. The interdepartmental committees play a large part in
this work. The public sector has embraced the rat-elimination measures 100%;
t' private sector 80%. The work is carried out mainly by means of poisoned
food bait and mechanical methods. As a zesult, 61.6% of the objectives have
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been rid of rodents, and the degree of infestation of the remaining objectives
has declined sharply.
In his report on the basic trends in scientific-investigative work, Prof.
Vashkov, deputy director of the Central Scientific Research Disinfection In-
stitute, Ministry of Public Health USSR, discussed in detail the successful
search for new disinfection preparations and means of applying them in the ob-
lasts. Thus, in 1950 the Moscow City Disinfection Station worked out and put
into practice a method of applying a hexach.vrane preparation to destroy fly
larvae in the cesspools of toilets without plumbing. The Moscow and Leningrad
stations have developed a method of controlling the effectiveness of disin-
fection in instances of intestinal infection by the detection of B. coli. The
Voronezh station is working on the problem of personal hygiene for medical
personnel during treatment of ill persons at home. In 1952, 21 projects were
worked on at the Moscow station, 14 at the Leningrad station, and 18 at the
Voronezh station. However, far from all the disinfection stations were in-
volved in this work, and the results of completed work are only slowly intro-
duced into wide practice.
In her report, Timonich, Candidate of Medical Sciences, discussed the
problem of laboratory control of the quality of disinfection. She pointed out
that the method of laboratory control of the effectiveness of disinfection meas.
urea worked out in 1949 by the Central Scientific Research Disinfection Insti-
tute Ministry of Public Health USSR,and since'put into practice, has a number
of failings, i.e., there is a large percentage of negative results even when
the disinfection is performed carefully. Furthermore, the absence of a sudden
turning point'is also a disadvantage. She concluded by saying that it would
be necessary to work out a new, morn nearly perfect method..
i'olezhayev, Candidate of Biological Sciences, explained the basic practical
tasks encountered by the city disinfection service in carrying out the continuous
rat-elimination program. In his report, he devoted a great deal of attention to
organizational matters: the formulation of a plan for continuous rat elimination,
the preparation of resolutions to be passed by local soviets, and the creation of
interdepartmental committees. Also, he discussed in detail, the organization and
execution of practical measures under operating conditions.
The conference participants who took part in the discussions remarked that
the disinfection service of the RSFSR was still not fully provided with disin-
fection materials, apparatus, equipment, and transportation. They noted that
the Main Pharmacy Administration, Ministry of Public Health RSFSR, and its local
departments do not satisfactorily fulfill their obligations in regard to supplies
for local public-health organs, and that the local public-health officials do
not allot the necessary appropriations.
The participants likewise pointed out that, in some oblasts, the sale of
disinfection materials to the public through the pharmaceutical network is not
adequately organized, so that the public is deprived of the possibility of par-
ticipating in mass prophylactic disinfection measures. They brought out the fact
that some of the sanitary-antiepidemic and disinfection institutions are located
in unsuitable quarters. They emphasized the necessity of raising the level of
training for cadres of intermediate medical workers in the disinfection service.
Finally, they pointed out the insufficient participation of the therapeutic-
prophylactic [medical] network in carrying out sanitary-antiepidemic measures.
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above: Vyatkin, from the Gor'kiyOblast aSanitary_Rpidemialogl a St Station; 0 okine,
Khabarovsk City Disinfection Station; Kurzhiyamskiy, Kursk Oblast Sanitary
Epidemiological Station; Tret'yakov, Ryazan' Oblast Sanitary-Epidemiological
Station; Trofimova, Sverdlovsk City Disinfection Station; Nikayenko, Krasnodar
Kray Sanitary-Epidemiological Station; .Arfemov, Leningrad Oblast Sanitary-Epi-
demiological Station; and Ignat'ev, Voronezh City Disinfection Station.
The inadequate performance of the Central Scientific Research Disinfection
Institute, Ministry of Publ.tc Health USSR, in working out scientific problems
which have actual significance for practical antiepidemic work was discussed by
Sokolovskiy of the Moscow City Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Boyarinov of
the Leningrad City Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Voronin of the Gor'kiy City
Disinfe^t ion Station, and Tylyudina of the Chuvash ASSR Sanitary-Epidemiological
Station.
It was noted that methods for laboratory control of the quality of disin-
fection, and work on the writing of instruction bu?letins on methods to be used
in the -:ontinuous rat-elimination program are being developed extremely slowly.
The work plans of the institute make no mention of methods of disinfection for
such diseases as rabies, trachoma, or helminthiases. Apparatus and equipment
are being perfected too slowly and new types are not being developed fast enough.
The Disinfection Division, Ministry of Public Health RSFSR, was subjected
to justified criticism. Murav'yev, deputy chief of the Main Sanitary-Antiepi-
demic Administration, Ministry of Public Health USSR, emphasized that the sani-
tary-antiepidemic organizations,.in order to carry out the important tasks as-
signed to them by the party and the government in regard to the prevention of in-
fectious diseases, will need to change the direction and style of their work,
and will have to shift from "fire-extinguishing" methods to well planned work.
In regard to training cadres, which is one of the most important measures
for improving toe quality of disinfection work, Murav'yev pointed out that an
order of the Ministry 'of Public Health USSR will help to systematize the train-
ing and ad?'ancement of physicians specializi
field. ng in the sanitary-antiepidemic
Murav'yev emphasized that there is still no clear-cut structure in the
organization of prophylactic disinfection work and that there is discord be-
tween the disinfection divisions and the prophylactic disinfection departments.
Murav'yev stated that the chief physicians of the sanitation-epidemiological
stations have not taken control of disinfection work.
In regard to the importance of developing scientific work on subjects per-
taining to disinfection, Murav'yev remarked that there is still no satisfactory
connection between theory and practice. The Central Scientific Research Disin-
fection Institute, Ministry of Public Health USSR, he said, must soon make public
new methods and issue a single instruction plan for control.
The conference proposed a series of measures concerning the strengthening
and development of the disinfection service of the RSFSR.
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