REGULATION OF THE HUAI HO, 1951, WITH A GRAPHICS SUPPLEMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700120288-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 288
• Publication Date: July 27, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATaON ~R~` U`F,i~~~~LILI~y E"Er~`
HOW
PUBLISHED Book
WHERE.
PUBLISHED Shanghai
DATE
PUBLISHED Jun 1952
LANGUAGE Chinese
('F.NTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
SUBJECT Sconamic -Agriculture, aster conservation
I;~OUNTRY
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1951
DATE DIST. 02 Jul 1953
CFYTRA( IsTFt
S1.16d'.Oy ..
Canc-uel N0. OF PAGES 32
,o ,... o. ,. .. ~oo~.. W~.o.e. ~? ..., .~ . ..~.~.
REGZII.ATICN OF THE HUAI HO 1951
WITH A GRAPBIC3 SUPPLEMENT
~ommeat: This report gives information from the illustrated
YAOOk, Chih Huai (Regulation of the Huai Ho), compiled by the Prop-
ageada Unit, Political Section, Huai Ho Conservancy Co~l,osion, and
published by the Hua-tong Jen-min Ch'u-pan She (East China Publish-
ing Company). The report discusses the engineering and conaerva-
tioa protects in progress or to be undertaken to control the Huai Ho..
- 1 - ~~~i ~-3af ~ t'I
TATE
ARMY
Regulation of the Huai Ho
In 1950, when the Government Administration Council of the People's Re-
public of China decided to undertake the radical reg~ilation of the Huai Ho, it
adopted the principle of prcviding for both storage and drainage Yor all sections
of the river system. The primary ob,7ective was to eliminate the causes of floods,
but, at the seine time, it was planned to provide irrigation, to improve inland
waterway navigation, to develop hydroelectric power, and thus step by step cork
toward improvement of the whole area.
Aa a standard operating procedure, it was laid down that work moat be .carried
out according to approved plans, and that plans must be based upon ae full and '
accurate data and information as could be gained from all available references, as
well as through fresh surveys and from expert advisers.
I4sin Features of the Ccnservation PicQI'am
The plans called for the construction of reservoirs and the use of natural
or artificial retention basins to retain flood waters at least temporarily. In-
stead of permitting fleod waters to rush to the sea, they are to be made available
over an extended period for such useful purposes as irrigation, improvement of
SUPP~.EMENT TJ
REPO~tT N0.
THIS I$ UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
Chih Huai, published by Hus-tong Jen-min Ch'u-pas She.
NSRB
FBI
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DISTRIBUTION
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COhJi=IDEPdTIAL
navigability of streams, and generation of power,. It was calculated that reaer-
voira sad retention basins on the upper and middle sections of the Huai Ho sys-
t~ should have a capacity of not less than 12 billion cubic a~hera.
The channels of the main and tributary streams are to be improved by dredg-
ing, straightening, and protection against harmful scouring and erosion to en-
sure unimpeded drainage and boat traffic.
The main stream of the Huai Ho is to be separated from its present direct
connection with Hung_tse Hu, and given other channels for its access to the sea.
Calculations Barad on Hydro~aphic Data
According to hydrographic data available Sur the years of worst floods of
recent times, 1921, 1931, and 1950, the greatest volume of water which in those
years flowed through the Hung-tee Hu outl?t within e period of 150 days, was
76 billion cubic meters. This figure was taken ns a basis Yor the development
of plans. In consideration oY the tentative estimates es to the capacities of
the various features to be consummated, the conclusion was reached that disastrous
floods could be averted by carrying out the following measures;
1. Reservoirs and Retention Basins
On the upper ~~aches of the Huai Ho tributaries., to Ronan, construct
reservoirs and basins having an effective storage capacity of 3~ billion cubic
meters. In the middle section, in Anhwei, construct reaervoira and basins haying
an effective storage capacity of 8~ billion cubic meters.
IY this is done, the maximum rate oP flow to pass Cheng-yang-kuan would
be not more than 5,500 cubic meters per second; that peat the mouth of the Tung-
fei Ho would be not more than 5,000 cubic mete:a per second. After the coaYlu-
ence with the Ko Ho, the rate of Ylow past Pang_fou xonld be not more than 7,000
cubic meters per second. After receiving the waters of the tributaries is the
Su-balsa 0117 04, 33 3QT Special Administrative District, the rate oY flow past
Fou-ehan approximately 118 07, 33 o8J should not be more than 8,700 cubic meters
per second.
Including all water Plowing directly into the Hung-tse Hu, the rate is
estimated to be 11,400 cubic meters per second. Apart from the outP.low from
Hung-tae Hu at the rate of 700 cubic meters per second through the North Kiangsu
main irrigation canal, sa3 Prom the volume that vould be retained in the Hung-tae
Hu ae a retention basin, the rate of outflow by way of the San Ho on its way to
the sea is estimated to be a tsaximum of 7,000 cubic meters per second, According
to this volumetric schedule, it is believed that al.l danger of flood could be
averted. To etiaure this volumetric schedule of flow it was found necessary to
plan for the construction of the following control works:
To provide storage and retention capacity for 3~ billion cubic meters
in the hills acri valleys of Ronan, there should be constructed 13 reservoirs,
namely, (1) the Ta-p'o-ling Reservoir, on the hears waters of the main branch of
the Huai Ho; (2) the Nen-wan Reservoir (;) the Tu??shu-ts'un Reservoir, (4) th,
Lung-ahan Reservoir, on the Huang IIo ~ot to be conilised with the well-known
Yellow Rive]; {5) the Po-shan Reservoir; which will collect water from the
branches of the Hung Ho and the Ju Ho; {6) the Shih-man-t'an Reservoir; (7) the
Pan-ch'iao Reservoir; (8) the Sheng-chi.a-tien Reservoir, on the Kuan Ho; (9) the
Nien-yu-shan Reservoir; (10) the Hsia-yang Reservoir, for the branches of the
Ying Ho; (11) the Ts'so-lou Reservoir; (12) the Tzu-to-shan Reservoir; and (13)
the Pai-sha Reservoir. In addition, there should be four retention basins. namely,
(1) the Tung Hu basin, (2) the Wu-sung basin, (3) the Lao-waag_p'o basin, and
(4) the Chico-t'ing Hu basin. For these basins, existing lakes, marshes, and
other low-lying land will be utilized as Par as pre.cticable.
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To provide storage and retention basins in Anhwei. with a capacity of
8~ billion cubic meters there should be constructed three reservoirs, namely,
(1) the Mai-alma Reservoir, on the Shih Ho; (?) the Fo-tzu-ling Reservoir, on
the P'i Ho; end (3) the Chang-chu-yuan Reservoir; and tea mayor retention basins,
namely, (1) the Meng-ho-wa-ti basin, (2) the Jun-ho-wa-ti basin, (3) the Ch'eng-
hsi Hu basin, (4) the Ch'eng-tong Hu basin, {5) the Ch'iu-chic Hu basin, (6) the
Chiang-chin Hu basin, (7) the T'sng-to Hu basin, (8) the Meng-chic Hu basin, (9)
the Ch'iao-kaag $u basin, and (10) the Wa-fou Hu basin.
The largest of these is the Ch'eng-hsi Hu basin which can be constructed
to have a retention capacity of 2 3/4 billion cubic meters..
To control the floe in the mrsin Auai Ho and to utilize fully the stor-
age capacity of the Ch'eng-hsi Hu basin, ~.t was planned to construct on the
Huai Ho and Jun-ho-chi (116 09, 32 34), s ma:n~nr~th control structure. Thin con-
sisted of three parts, the fixed channel, the diversionary locks, and the ad-
mission control locks. The first of these is an '.wobatructed channel, open
throughout the year. Guided by reports of conditions upstream and downstream,
the locks may be opened and closed as required. If there is danger of too much
eater passing downstream, the diversionary locks may be closed and th.: locks
controlling admission to?the Ch'eng-hsi Hu basin can be opened to receive the
excess flow. These locks st Jun-ho-chi are the principal structural means for
controlling the flow of the main Huai Ho above the Hung-tae Hu.
In north Anhwei, not including Hung-tae Hu, ~f which only a portion
is in Anhwe~, the area of lakes and other loo-lying land containing water all
year round, amounts to approximately 3,000 square kilometers. The larger of
these lakes, etc., have direct connections with the main Huai Ho and thus nat-
urally have a regulating effect on the flow in some parts of the river. But,
since they were not aubJect to any control, they can not function usefully as
retention basins until control locks are installed. The control locks will pre-
vent entrance of water under ordinary conditions, but may be opened when it is
desired to admit and retain flood water. Thus, when not fully needed for de-
taiaing flood water, at least a portion of their area may be used for the pro-
duction of crops. The important role played by the retention baeina may be
fudged from the fact that their capacity is such that they are able to hold more
that. two thirds of all the water to be st.r.,red or detained.
Adequate drainage of flood water required the reconditioning of river
channels in numerous places. A kncwledge of how much wa?.er is expected and its
anticipated rate of flow 11 make it possible to determine how large the river
bed should be. It may then be Pound. necessary ?o deepen or widen other channels,
to increase the distance between the dikes on either ban:c or to raise and
strepgthen them. One section of the river bed where enlargement was most urgent
was that part of the Huai Ho in Horan near ii.s confluence with the Hung Ho to
take care of the torrents of eater flowing in from the area of the Huang-ch'uan
[u5 09, 32 1~ Special Administrative District. The Hung Ho, Ju Ho, Ying Ho,
and the streams of the area that were in rile path of the Yellow River floods,
needed to be dredged, and the dikes made higher, wider and farther apart. Simi-
lar work was required on the Huai Ho between Chang-yang-kuan and Wu-ho, as well
as on sections o? streams in the Fou-yang and Su-haler districts.
s
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5? Separation of Main Huai Ho From Hung-tse Hu
The separation of the main Huai Ho from Hung-tse Hu is requiring at
least seven different types of projects and an immense amount of work. It was
decided that the ester carried by a number of streams draining the region of the
Su-hsien Special Administrative District, on the north side of the Huai Ho,
should be made to enter Hung-tse Hu directly via a new cutting leading to otte of
the arms of the lake ertendtng vestward,~d that it should be prevent?d from
~oiniag the Huai Ho by such dams or dikes as might be required. A diversionary
lock has to be built in the vicinity of Shuang-kou [118 1~, 33 1J to stop the
main stream from entering the lake by the new cutting, except when some of the
water might be needed to replenish the supply of irrigation water in the basin;
and a dam has to be built across the old channel below Shuang-kou to block flow
in either direction.
Of the new channel to the sea for the main Husi Ho, section one has to
be cut Prom a point between Wu-ho and Feng-ahan ~18 04, 33 38] to a point on
the old channel below the dam ~uat mentioned. Section 2 has to be cut fYom a
point near Hau-i [i8 34, 33 0~] eastward to the San Ho. North of Hsu-i a dam
hsa to be built to block the flow into or out of Hung-tae Hu. North of the
~uactioa of Section 2 of the San Ho, diversionary locks are to be built to pre-
vent main stream water from entering Hung-tse Hu, but permitting discharge from
Hung-tse IIu is case of high water. Section 3 is to be a short cut from the San
Ho, at a point near Li-ch'eng-chen ~19 04, 33 0~ across a neck of land into
the Kao-yu Hu and the Yun Ho.
These three cuttings, together with the connecting sections of the old
channel, and the two locks and two dams, will provide the new channel that per-
mits the Huai Ho to by-pass Hung-tse Hu.
Irrigation, Navigation, Hydraulic Power
The reservoirs and storage basins, with their installations for control of
Plow, will make it possible to supply irrigation water as needed, and water to
deepen the flow in rivers and streams used for Inland waterway transportation.
It is estimated that water stored in the upper reservoirs will be sufficient to
add from 6 to 9 million mow of wet land, that is, land suitable for growing rice.
It is estimated that water stored in the lower basins, if means are found to
utilize it, will be sufficient for about 10 million mov of rice fields.
After the separation. bf the Huai Hu from the Hung-tse Hu, the latter func-
tioning as a storage basin, with a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters, is to
discharge crater at the rate oP 700 cubic meters per second for the irrigation
of 25 million mow of wet fields in north Ktangsu through the new North Kiangau
Main Irrigation Canal which is to be built, as well ae through the existing net-
work of canals.
Formerly, the Huai Ho was an important inland waterway, but, because of
the interposition of the flung-tse Hu and the Grand Canal in recent years it has
become increasingly difficult for boats to pass directly from the Grand Canal
to the Huai Ho and vice verse. Under the new conditions which call for further
improvements of the channels, including ship locks, the largest of which will
be built at Huai-yin, the Huai Ho will again become an important link in a navi-
gable waterway between Shanghai and eastern Honan, and. one that will connect
points on the Tientsin -- P'u-k'ou and Feiping-Hankow railways with Anhwei and
$OIlaL.
Although there is but little pressure head to be found on the Huai Ho and
most of its tributaries, nevertheless a limite3 amount of hydroelectric power
may be developed eventually for pumping irrigation water and the lighting and
industrial needs of some small cities.
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Small-3cale Local Prolecta
Apart from the ma3or construction pro,~,ects described above, there is a long-
term program of Work to be done on innumerable small-scale pro~ecte by the pesa-
anta oa or near their own lands, ouch as soil conservation through afforestation,
the use of cover crops, contour cultivation, and barriers of various types to re-
tard the run-off and retain the soil. All of these measures x111 help ~iminiah
the effects of sudden heavy downpours and reduce the silting up of reservoirs,
channels of all kinds, sad retention basins.
This program x111 also include a planned system of ponds and ditches to
collect and retain water for farm and village use, sad the digging of numerous
subsidiary canals to distribute the rater oY the main irrigation canals. It is
estimated that the volume of earth to be moved in this program of small projects
x111 be equal that moved in the main program. Hy combining the motive of eelf-
intereat on the part of the rural people with the experience gained in the more
formal large pro~ecta it is expected that the secondary program can be carried
out by the peasant masses rapidly and on a wide scale. These plane x111 all
contribute greatly to the economic and industrial development and prosperity of
the whole country.
~'`~' ~~; (: ~ ('~ eft! T!_a J
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