SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING NEWS FROM SOVIET TECHNICAL PERIODICALS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600280251-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 21, 2011
• Sequence Number: 251
• Publication Date: January 20, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/22 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000600280251-2
INFORMATION FROM
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
Montnly periodical
Moscow
May 19)48
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SCIENCE PND ENGINEERING NEWS
FROM SOVIET TECHNICAL PERIODICALS
Uzbekenergo has become the heavy-duty power system of Central Asia. In the
production of electric power, the Uzbek SSR now ranks fourth after the RSFSR, the
Ukrainian SSR, and the Azerbaydzhan SHE. After World War I, the largest electric
power station iro the whole Central Asia was a DC Diesel station with a capacity of
1,475 kilowatts.
In April 1926, the Bozsujsk Hydrostation began opera*ton. This provider the
first hydroelectric power in Uzbekistan, where at present 11 hydroelectric stations
are in 'p:eration. Five of these were built during World War TT.
The electrification of Uzbekistan is being carried out on a high technical
level.
In May 1946, the Burdzharsk Hydrostation was made completely automatic. In
the same year, the Uzbekenergo system was enlarged by the addition of a new auto-
matic remote-control hydrostation. The remote control panel is located 7 kilo-
meters from t h. station.
kilowatt-hours above the quota.
Works?of the central industrial research laboratory and the mechanical repair
plant of Uzbekenergo are manufacturing automatic station apparatus, such as auto-
matic synchronizers, automatic frequency regulators, flow relays, float relays,
pressure relays, zero-rotation relays, remote control indicators of water level, etc.
During the first postwar Five-Year Plan, all hydrostations of Uzhekenergo will
be automatized. Work on the remote control of the Ryatem'w hyAroatntinne r,..._ the
main stations and central control point of Uzbekenergo will be completed in 1950.
Up to ,.he beginning of World War I, electric power in Armenia consisted of ten
smal.L electric power stations with a total capactiy of 3,100 kilowatts. The yearly
outga'C of 1a11 these station was 5olrsillion kilowatt hours. But in 1947, the b9q4neers
of Soviet Armenia, successfully completing their obligation for the 30th anniversary
'ei.ebration of the Great October Devolution, supplied their country with 20 million
CLAS`.''FICATION CONF1D!rnlAL f~
VINUL UMFIUL UTARL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
1 CREDENTIAL
fPCONFIDENTIAL 11_*~?
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FBI I =-F I II ~1
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Procesetng the feed water for locomotives with boiler compound (an antisediment
compound composed of phosphates, alkalis, and organic'co:loids) proved to be a very
important measure in increasing locomotive mileage between bollsr flusn.Lngs.
Locomotive mileage on the roads in 1935, was, on the average, from 1,200 to
2,500 kilometers L par ronth?J ; and in l )!O, 5,800 kilometers.
In addition, this processing of the feed water made it possible to achieve
cleaner boiler operation, which fact contribu:.ed to a reduction in costs for heating
and locomotive repair.
CCNFiDENTI J
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are some 400 engineering-technical workers in the field of power engineering.
For its successful work in wartime, the collective of the Kashirski?? Rlectr'r.
Power Statiou, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, was
awarded the Second Order of the Labor Red Banner.
reduced to 0.45 kilograms per ki:'.owatt-hour if electric power.
In a relatively short period, this station has achieved Ligh economic indices
for its work in spit, of a number of very difficult conditions, in particular, the
great moisture and ash content of this low-grade coal. Where, in 1922, specific
fuel consumption war over 1.5 kilogras per kilowatt-hour of electric power pro-
duced, in 1940 it had been reduced to 0.52 kilograms. By 1947, the specific con-
grade Moscow coal on a :ride scale, has played a special role in the history of
power engineering in the USSR.
During the years of Soviet authority, large heat and power plants to supply
neat to industrial and residential cousw1 B have been built in Moecc::, L-e !ngad
Kharkov, Kiev, Rostov, Novosibirsk, and many 'tier ci.ties. In 1947, the capacity
of central-heating turbines had been increased 6.5 times in relation to 1932,
In the locomotive with a chamber superheater, such a3 the one suggested by
inventor I. V. Pirin, a constant superheating tcperature of _p to 500 degrees
can be obtained in the same time that a conventional boiler with a fire-tube super-
heater reaches a moderate ouperheating temperature. Moreover, the latter depends
on forcing. The capacity of such a locomotive exceeds that of the conventional
type by 25-50 percent, and its efficiency is increased by 30 percent.
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The capacity of the locomotive fleet of a ist Russia the c.e of World
War I^ was 10 million horsepower, while up to 1941 one group of new FD, IS, and
SO locomot-ves, constituting only a small part of the national locomotive fleet,
by itself totaled 13 million horsepower.
During the current Five-Year Plan, the railroads will receive 6,165 Joco--
motives. The leael of locomotive constrnctio, in the USSR in 1950 will be twice
In July 1926, traffic was opened on the first electric railroad in the USSR,
linking Baku with the Petroleum industries in Saburchi and Surakhany. In 1926,
the total extent of electric railroads ryas 20.5 kilometers. In 20 years it has
increased 100 times.
The length of electric railroad lines in o oration in the USSR will be 7,500
kilometers by 1950.
In one year alone, the introduction of electrification on lines with freight
traffic was responsible for a saving of 430,000 tons of fuel. and 26 million rubles.
In t'?e Moscow-7Agorsk district each -notor coach section hau replaced an average
of 14 coat=e_` of the 1=L rJ r, `,Ji r.
The number of servicing personnel has been reduced 24 percent, on thy-, average,
through the introduction of electrification.
Although the over-all length of electrified lines at the end of the Five-Rear
Plan will total only 6 percent of all the lines, in volume of work, the electric
railroads will carry 13?i percent of L__ total tonnage of the UGSR.
The number of passengers hauled by the electrified lines will be over 30 per-
cent of the total number of passengers hauled on all lines.
During the Five-Year Plan, along with the electrification of isolated sections
and lines, the large railroad trunk line from Belovo to Novosibirsk to Omsk to
Chelyabinsk to Dyema, a total distance of over 2,000 kilometers, will be electrified.
As -early as 1909, advanced Russian engineers, both in the Kolom_.-_ckiy Machine
Construction Plant. and on the Tashkent Railroad, almost simultaneously set out to
develop the constructiou of the first heavy-d?hty Diesel locomotives in the world.
001FIDENTIAL
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Therefore, i..issian engineers are the pioneers of Diesel locomotive con-
struction. However, under the conditions of Tearist Russia, the Diesel locomotive
of Diesel locomotives: The efficiency of the Diesel locomotive is 25 - 30 percent,
whereas the efficiency of a conventional steam locomotive is no more than 8 per-
cent. The consumption of fuel in the Diesel locomotive is 4-4.5 times lees than
in the steam locomotive.
The Kolouienskiy Plant imeni V. V. Kuybyshev, where the idea of a Diesel locomotive
as first born became one of the national bases for series construction of Diesel
The Diesel Locomotive can be used on railroads in arid regions and in dis-
tricts where the water is unsuitaule for supplying steam locomotive boilers.
It was only in 1924 that the first Diesel locomotive, the ShchEL?1, at that
time the first heavy-duty freight locomotive in the world, was Out ir. operation.
lines to Diesel locomotion, and also for the construction of 865 locomotives of
the new, improved TE type.
In 1937, Prof A. P. Gu].yayev established that treating steel at below-zero
temperatures, 70 below and lower, increased its hardness and durability. Engineer
I. B. Levin has constructed an apparatus for treating tools of high-speed steel
with the aid of liquid nitrogen at an initial temperature of minus 187 degrees.
ats show that viva tnis mathoa the durability of the tools is iuor,, i.iian
doubled. Thus, for example, one of the treated thread-milling cutters will ?.:ocess
62 parts instead of 29.
In the first Ural Tube-Rolling Plant, a method for rapid drawing,, of the tubes
on drums was used for the first time. This method made it possible to attain a
rolling speed up to 80 meters per minute for small-diameter tubes as contrasted
with the conventional 18-20 meters per minute with tte old technolomical process.
In this same plant, as a result of rationalizing production in one plant unit
for breaking billets, it was possible to decrease the staff of the section which
prepares the metal for rolling by 32 men. At the same time the quality of the
work improved.
The Molotov Hydroelectric Station will be the first spillway-type hydroele.;tric
station in the USSR. It has no conventional separate machine building; the units of
the plant are housed directly in the spillway dam, the basin feature of this type
al.abion.
CONF;QBITIAL
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a direct-flow unit with a capacity of 21,000 kilowatts (the turbine and generator
------------
are combined in a single construction unit and placed ilirectly.inside the.water
conduit of the hydrostation) and an operating wheel diameter of 5 meters will be
Great economy in construction operations is also being achieved on this
equipment designed for super-high parameters ( 60 - 180 atmospheres and 500 -
600 degrees) aecures a fuel saving of 10 - 15 percent in comparison with standard
shoo ma
kilowatts. Three fourths of the manufactured power equipment will have high steam
parameters (100 atmospheres and 500 degrees). The 100,000-kilowatt turbine put
out by the Leningrad Metal Plant imeni StL.lin holds the world record for high-
speed single-shaft turbines.
During the first postwar rice-Year Plan, the USSR steam-turbine industry
ld ufacture steam turbines wii;h a tetra] capacity of more than 9 million.
n
In 1947,. the ",-rasnyy kotel'shchik" Plant manufactured the first high-pressure
boiler (i0,) atmospheres and 500 degrees) in the USSR with natural circulation (with
forged drums).
The plant also mastered production of all auxiliary elements of the turbine
apparatus and high-pressure feed pumps rated at 270 cubic meters per hour at 150
atmospheres.
Up to 1941, a US-made water turbine with a capacity of 91,000 horsepower sad
an efficiency of 90.4 percent was used at Dneprogee. In 1947, the Leningrad Metal
Plant imeni Stalin .aanufactured, according to the specifications of Dneproges, a
water turbine of 102,000 horsepower and an efficiency of 93 percent.
Tye Tyrny-Auzskiy deposits are located in the Northern Caucasus, 3,000 meters
above sea level. Development of these deposits creates considerable technical
diffienlties. Mining engineers F. T. Kulik, E. K. I1'nitakiy, and V.. V. Kurteyev,
and others have suggested exploitation of the upper parts of the beds, :,y resorting
to blasting in the passages already worked.
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CONFIDENTIAL
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Productivity of the drillers has been increased more than four times while for
the miners, it has reen doubled. The consumption of ammonite has been reduced from
0.46 to 0.37 kilogrwas per ton of ore.
The Magnitogorsk Plant has mastered the production of terracing ploys. Intro-
duction of these plows in surface mining works is freeing a very large number of
workers usually employed on the terraces. One now replaces 50 men.
CONFIDE 9TiA1
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