ECONOMIC - MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600250534-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 1, 2011
• Sequence Number: 534
• Publication Date: September 20, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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DATE OF
INFORMATION 1949
DATE DIST')Q Se 1949
NO, OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
MACHINE TOOL BUILDING IN THE USSR
The following article from the Swiss newspaper, Techniuche
Rund.schau, on the Soviet machine-tool industry included informa-
tiuu obviously drawn from .he Soviet periodical, Stanki J instru-
ment, ilo 11, November 1947. Since information from this Soviet
periodical was previously published, items reappearing in the
Sw1ae newspaper were omitted from this report. Special atten-
tion is called to $he explanation of "Aggregate Maahines.I"
In the course of annual machine-tool. exhibitions and numerous con.
ferencee in the USSR, a lively exnhange of experience and a standardiza-
tion of conrtruction and development aims have been accomplished. The
development stages can be chronologically enumerated as follows:
1. At first, production of the best possible copies of ?oreiun
models, including the processes and the tools used. E.g., tie fuel
Maag thread chasers were built in the USSR In 1111^.
2. Search for original models. This campaign started in 1930:
with the government directive to accelerate the construction of the
modern domestic DIP lathe.
3. Increase of the number of models produced. In 1941. thA nT,mber?
of the mass-produced types of machine mole was aroundz450, but plans
called for an increase of this number to 800 by 1942. The trend was
alvaye toward the design of large machines and machines for special pur-
poses at the expense of smaller models and of all-purpose machines.
4. Increase of the average driving power. In connection with
concentrating on the construction of larga-size machines the average
driving power was also increased from 5.3 horsepower in 1933 to li horse-
power in 1937 per machine.
1 C,GNr101E]1AI
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
SUBJECT Economic - Nachtne tool industry
HOW
PUBLISHED
Swiea newt-paper
11 F'eb 1949
LANGUAGE German
DATE
PUB; (SHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED Bern, STaitzerland
THIN 000UREHI CONTAINS INFORMATION ASTLCTINN THE NATIONAL DEFERSI
of TAR UNITED STATES WITHIN THIN MESSIAH OF RITIONAOT ACT SO
U. S. C.. SI AND A1. AI ANRN OYU. ITS IPAR RMIS-ION OR TNR SNVNLATION
OR ITS CONTENTS IN ANT MASERS TO AN UM AUTHORIAR0 ?ARSOH 12 PRO'
NIRITID NT LAW. RRF0ODUCTIO1 OF THIS TON. I5 SNOHIRITRO
STATE iNAVY NSfiE
ARMY AIR ral
D:SrRIDUTION
_77 -
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CONFIDENTIAL
LIt
extremely ieteiled and all-encompassing sta:rdardizat?oil of the Soviet
machlno-br^!r.ng industry, the machine-tool industry vas also standard-
1 zed. This etaridardization riot only includes constantly roclurring
leverd, oeariiic=, disks,
mees r;nr, Sauget, flanges, etc., but also whole machine paste, 5ach on
spiridle ]rend stocks, cutter heads, gear boxes, Norton gears, chuc,`ca, tool
posts, etc. These parts developed in due time to ;standardized unite,
which co~did even be made interchangeable for machines of different types.
In the course of this development, Soviet machine tools have gradually
resumed the nature of "construction kit" assemblies. .Indications are that
within the near future individual plants will construct only certain i.ndivid-
aal ,-rts, which will then be assembled at other State plants into single-
purpose machines. Even tole'. some plants devote tnemselves exclusively to
the manufacture of m1140$94610 otter heads - `ch are used iu assembly-
line raacb% inf. Ic the u6M, machines of this type, built of standardized
--!rte according to the "construction kit" principle, are called "A,-gregate
Mae'rinee" (Aggregat-Banke). This trend che.racterizes the present Soviet
machine-tool industry. The reason for this trend, which is eo different
from that of the Western countries, is probably the leek of competition
and the urgent necessity for mass production. This method of construction
of machine tools with interchangeable parts has been officially presc:ribed,
for the purpr-se of reducing the necessary stock of spare parts and con-
struction costs to a minimum and for achieving a maximum degree of economy
and production.
6. Automatization. Automatization to the utmost is being carried
out for mass and series production. A few semiautomatic and f'? 'y auto-
matic types had been developed before the war. The imperative wartime
necessity of rapidly increasing production of armaments, with a great
reduction in available manpower, gave rise to the previously mentioned
assembly-line machining process (called "automatic lines" in Rusaiar>].
These assembly lines consist of two rove of standardized machine tools,
up to 50 in number, with the work running through between the two lines
on a conveyor while it is machined aimultanoo:)ely from all sides. The
most recent fully automatic assembly lines also provide full mechanization
not only of the machining processes but also of all. auxiliary operations,
such as placing the work in the machine, setting it up and fastening it,
removing it after the process has been finished, and transferring it to
the next machine.
These are the six main characteristics, but emphasis on special
branches of industry and wartime necessity have led to the creation of a
number of upecial types, sizes, control mechanisms, and other peculiari-
ties of Soviet machine tools. Thus, fo_ instance, the "Kraenyy Proletarir"
Plant developed an original design of a heavy-duty multiple tool lathe for
the machining of airplane crankshaft, and camebafts, and heavy drilling
machines for the production of gun barrels, while eirgie-purpose multiple
tool lathes for the machining of caterpillar track rsllers were developed
ct the "Ordzhonikidze" Plant, and those for tank turrets at the "Stankokon-
etrukteiya" Plant.
In 1932, the value of the machine tools produced in the USSR was
only approximately 2 percent of the total value of machinery produced; by
1937 this figure had risen to 3.2 percent.
!van at its inception, Soviet industrial planning was confronted
with the task of specializing the existing plants and those under construc-
tion for sharply defined spheres of machine-tool building, while giving
special consideration to the mass-production of certain models. The reali-
zation of this plan could not be started until 1939, since the carrying out
of the project was delayod by initial difficulties, such as the rebuilding
E~~i~iflwa.3i 9
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of designs, and the introduction of the acv, unfamiliar production methods.
Even if the existing, badly obsolete plants had been thorouihly mod-
nrei?nti nn " ulA have t! been i
ncd a^tc for acconplle:i;:,g L'
lie hicrasa.u
production provided for In the Gosplan.
Probably the most difficult tee., for Soviet designers is t,r develop-
meat of the special machine tools required by the rapidly exowi.; automobile
rod tractor industry. The problem was finally solved by the creation of the
above-mentioned '-,onstruction 'cit" machines and finally by the introduction
of assembly-line machining. In 1934, the "Sta..ohonstruktsiy." Plant built
the first machine tools assembled from standardized parts, with technical
advice being supplied by the Experimental Scientific Research Institute for
Cutting Machine Tools and Tools (ENIM$) which is the eurrervisory and adminis-
trative authority of the plant.
Completely new designs have also been developed, in addition to, or.
main feature is also the trend toward making most of the operation automatic.
Oddly enough, the Russians seem to pay little attention to the goes-
tion of precision, The very voluminous periodical lite.eture concerns it-
self with all kinds of problems, such as rigidity, vibrations, deformations
of all kinds, etc., but the matter of precision is not considered of primary
interest, either in literature, practice, or in the frequent conferences of
experts. Schlesinger's Standards are considered fully adequate in most places.
Thus, all the Soviet machine tools can hardly be called high-precision equip-
ment, and the same goes for their gauges, but only as far as the most com-
monly used ones are concerned. It must be borne in mind that special measur-
ing instruments of the highest precision are being made in the USSR far sci-
cntific and laboratory purposes. The "Kalibr" Plant in Moscow produces hun-
dreds of types of measuring instruments and also makes automatic sorters
for balls and rollers, apparatus for automatic control of hollow grinders,
and a special apparatus for the fine polishing of measuring plates.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the Russians have done a remark-
able amount of research work. It was carried out by the various research
institutions in the field of machine-tool building, metalworking, and allied
fields, mainly by the END Inrtitttte mentioned previously. The develop-
ment of assembly-line machining by this institute has already been discussed.
It can b, "iQ, conclusion, that Soviet machine-tool building has
succeeded, despite its late start, in finding a trend which fits the indus-
trial conditions of the country and has gone through a development which
rppeare very promising.
The following list of machine-tonl plants ehculd not be considered
complete:
Sterlitamak Semiautomatic drilling
machines with hy-
draulic feed, multi-
spindle diamond drill-
ing machines, deep
drilling machines,
vertical honii, ma-
chines
P DIF T, 71
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COBIFIDEgTL1L
L___ t Location
"Lenin" Machine-Tool Plant Odosja
Machine Tool Plant
Drilling machines,
diamond drilling
machines, honing
machines
Moe(ow Hydraulic broaching
machines up to 10
tone capacity, sur-
Leningrad Automatic lathed for
working from a wire
spool
"Kirov" Machine-Tool Plant
"Proletariy "Machine Plant
Staro-Hramatorsk Machine Tool
Plant
Cent?rless grinding
machines
Leningrad Universal tool grind-
ing machines, hollow
grinders for ball races
Moscow Cylinder drill1nL, ma-
Chipw tr 1e
Semiautomatic machines,
4-spindle automatic
bar lathes up to 90
mm die, automatic
transfer machines
Odessa Radial drilling machines
Universal thread-grinding
machines
Voronezh Forge presses, hammers
Kramatorsk Presses, hammers, punch
presses
Moscow lathes, including DIP
type, semiautomatic
multiple tool lathes,
wheel lathes
Moscow Involute milling machines,
`-Araulic broaching ma-
c:btms, special pipe-wrk-
inc. umchines, automatic
transfer machines, drill-
ing equipment
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"TeK Wehiiiostroyeniya" Plant
LocatioxI ... Procucte
"Kirov" Machinery Plant Minsk
Grinding Machine Plant Moscow
Keavy Machizie-Tool Plant Krenatorsk
"Gor'kiy" Machine-Tool Plant Kiev
"Kirov" Machine-Tool Plant Tbilisi
'7Yunze" Plant Penza
Machine-Tool Plant Chkalov
Machias-Tool Plant
Machine-Tool Plant
3 "9Kolotov" Plant
Slavgorod
Tmitrov
Kharkov
Surface grinding mach.iries,
6-spindle semiautomatic
lathes
Shaping machines
Forge presses
Milling machines
Vertiz?P' "rinding .me-
chiR*s for Ieavy roller
bearings, hydraulic
cylindrical grinding
machines, radial drill-
ing machines
"Sverdlov" Machine-Tool Plant Leningrad Parallel planing machines;
electric copy milling
machi.nee, vertical lathes,
semiautomatic profile copy
milling machines, drill-
ing machines (22 models)
"GZFS" Plant ;or'kiy Facing milling machines,
9-spindle horizontal.
milling machines, semi-
automatic Cylindrical
milling machines, heavy-
uty horizontal milling
machines, thread milling
machines without knee
tools, horizontal copy
milling machine
Machias-Tool Plant Izhevsk Lathes, turret lathes
C;ielyabiask Gauges, 0.002 graduations
CONFIDENTIAL
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"Pnevmatike" Plant
Plant for Heavy Machine Toole
Machine Tool Plant
"Dzherzhinsl:iy" Plant
"Kirov" Plant
"Konintern" Plant
"Zolts" Plant
"8 Let Oktyabr" Plant
Tool Plant
Abrasives Plant
Abrasives Plant
Abrasives Plant
Abrasives Plant
"Vverod" Plant
"16th Party Congress" Plant
Leningrad
ldovoeibirek
17ovocherkaeel:
Yereveii
vitebnh
Vitebsk
Serpukhov
Serpelchov
Voroshi lov
Mcscow
Teiebkant
Chelyabinsk
7J.atouet
Odessa
t.AJ UUCCS
Calipers, sup gauges,
boaches, gear wheel
::ympe, angle meaaur.-
irlg instruments
Lever-action measuring
5.natruzaente, paeuma'tic
r gear cuttiiig, spe-
cial automatic Yueasur-
Micrometers, vernier
calipers, meters, meaeur-
iug plates, angle meaeur-
ing instruments
Measuring and controlling
instruments of all types,
plug gauges, hall-sort-
ingmachines, meters,
inside measuring instru-
ments, etc.
b:illiiig machines, cutting
t pole, broaches
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"Stankopiatron" Plant
Gor'kiv Plant
Tool Plant
3tanok" Plant
"Tsentrol+_t" Foundry and
Machine Plant
le Plant
File Plant
CONFIDENTIAL
D$?u'om.
Trv..,L
Minek
Tbilisi
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