CIA AND THE UNIVERSITY - DDI SPEECH AT THE JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 13 FEBRUARY 1986

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP89G00720R000600610022-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2011
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: February 13, 1986
• Content Type: MISC

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
STAT
CIA AND THE UNIVERSITY
ROBERT M. GATES
DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR INTELLIGENCE
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SPFFCH AT THE
JOHN F. KENNEDY SCHOOL OF (OVFRNMFNT
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
13 FFPRUARY 19R6
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
CIA AND THE UNIVERSITY
I WELCOME THIS OPPORTUNITY TO COME TO HARVARD AND SPEAK
ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY,
ESPECIALLY ITS ANALYTICAL/RESEARCH ARM, AND THE ACADEMIC
COMMUNITY. RECENT EVENTS HERE HAVE AGAIN SPARKED BROAD
DISCUSSION OF BOTH THE PROPRIETY AND WISDOM OF UNIVERSITY
SCHOLARS COOPERATING IN ANY WAY WITH AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE. ON
DECEMBER 3RD OF LAST YEAR THE BOSTON GLOBE STATED "THE SCHOLAR
WHO WORKS FOR A GOVERNMENT INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CEASES TO BE AN
INDEPENDENT SPIRIT, A TRUF SCHOLAR-" THESE ARE STRONG WORDS- IN
MY VIEW THEY ARE ABSOLUTELY WRONG- NONETHELESS, THERE ARE REAL
CONCERNS THAT SHOULD BE ADDRESSED-
MY REMARKS TONIGHT CENTER ON TWO SIMPLE PROPOSITIONS:
-- FIRST, PRESERVING THE LIBERTY OF THIS NATION IS
FUNDAMENTAL TO AND PREREQUISITE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
ACADFMIC FREEDOM; THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY CANNOT
PROSPER AND PROTECT FREEDOM OF INQUIRY OBLIVIOUS TO THE
FORTUNES OF THE NATION-
SECOND, IN DEFENDING THE NATION AND OUR LIBERTIES, THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT NEEDS TO HAVE RECOURSE TO THE REST
MINDS IN THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING THOSE IN THE ACADEMIC
COMMUNITY. TENSIONS INEVITABLY ACCOMPANY THE
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEFENSE, INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEME,
BUT MUTUAL NEED AND BENEFIT REOUIRE RECONCILIATION OR
ELIMINATION OF SUCH TENSIONS.
THE HISTORY OF CIA-UNIVERSITY RELATIONS
IN DISCUSSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ACADEMIC
COMMUNITY AND AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE, AND SPECIFICALLY THE
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS SIDE OF INTELLIGENCE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO GO
RACK TO ANTECEDENTS WHICH, COINCIDENTALLY, HAVE IMPORTANT LINKS
TO HARVARD. IN THE SUMMER OF 1941., WILLIAM J. DONOVAN PERSUADED
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT OF THE NEED TO ORGANIZE A COORDINATED FOREIGN
INTFLLIGENCE SERVICE TO INFORM THE GOVERNMENT ABOUT FAST MOVING
WORLD EVENTS. HE PROPOSED THAT THE SERVICE "DRAW ON THE
UNIVERSITIES FOR EXPERTS WITH LONG FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND
SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE OF THE HISTORY, LANGUAGES AND GENERAL
CONDITIONS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIFS?" PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AGREED AND
CREATED THE OFFICE OF THE COORDINATOR OF INFORMATION, LATER
RENAMED THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL SERVICES, UNDER DONOVAN'S
LEADERSHIP. THE PROMINENT HARVARD HISTORIAN, WILLIAM L. LANGER,
WAS RFCRUITED AS THE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND HE IN TURN,
RECRUITED SOME OF THE FINEST SCHOLARS IN AMERICA FOR THE OSS,
MANY OF THEM FROM HARVARD, YALE AND COLUMBIA UNIVERSITIES.
WHEN CIA WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF
1.947, THIS PATTERN WAS REPEATED. LANGER RETURNED TO ESTABLISH
THE BOARD OF NATIONAL ESTIMATES. ROBERT AMORY OF THE HARVARD LAW
SCHOOL FACULTY WAS NAMED CIA's DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR INTELLIGENCE
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
IN 1952, AND SERVED IN THAT CAPACITY FOR NEARLY TEN YEARS- OTHER
ACADEMICIANS WHO JOINED INCLUDED: HISTORIANS SUCH AS LUDWELL
MONTAGUF, SHERMAN KENT, JOSEPH STRAYER AND DEFORREST VAN SLYCK;
ECONOMIST MAX MILLIKAN, WHO ORGANIZED THE ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE
EFFORT; ECONOMIST RICHARD BISSELL, WHO LATER HEADED THE
CLANDESTINE SERVICE; AND EVEN WILLIAM SLOANF COFFIN WHO LEFT THE
UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY TO JOIN CIA FOR THE DURATION OF THE
KOREAN WAR BEFORE BECOMING CHAPLAIN AT YALE- HE IS QUOTED AS
RECALLING THAT HE JOINED THE AGENCY BECAUSE "STALIN MADE HITLER
LOOK LIKE A ROY SCOUT-" IT WAS A COMMON REASON FOR ACADEMICIANS
TO JOIN THE AGENCY IN THE EARLY YEARS-
RELATIONS BFTWEEN THE SCHOLARLY COMMUNITY AND CIA WFRF
CORDIAL THROUGHOUT THE 1950s. THE COLD WAR WAS AT ITS HEIGHT AND
FACULTY OR STUDENTS RARELY QUESTIONED THE NATIONS NEED FOR THE
AGENCY AND ITS ACTIVITIES- SOME OF THE MOST NOTED UNIVERSITY
PROFESSORS OF THE TIME SERVED ON A REGULAR BASIS AS UNPAID
CONSULTANTS, HELPING CIA TO FORM ITS ESTIMATES OF PROBABLE TRENDS
IN WORLD POLITICS-
THESE HALCYON DAYS WERE SOON TO CHANGE. THERE WAS SOME
CRITICISM ON CAMPUSES OVER CIA's INVOLVEMENT IN THE RAY OF PIGS
EXPEDITION IN 1961. BUT THE REAL DETERIORATION IN RELATIONS
BETWEEN CIA AND THE ACADEME PARALLELED THE WRENCHING DIVISIONS IN
THE COUNTRY OVER THE VIETNAM WAR, DESPITE CONTINUING ACADEMIC
COOPERATION WITH THE DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE. THE DECLINE IN
CIA-ACADEMIA TIES ACCELERATED WITH THE FEBRUARY 1967 DISCLOSURE
IN RAMPARTS MAGAZINE THAT CIA HAD BEEN FUNDING THE FOREIGN
ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL STUDENT ASSOCIATION FOR A NUMBER OF
YEARS.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
SENSATIONAL ALLEGATIONS OF WRONGDOING BY CIA BECAME MORE
FREQUENT IN THE MEDIA IN THE EARLY 1970s, CULMINATING IN THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROCKEFELLER COMMISSION AND SUBSEQUENTLY BOTH
THE CHURCH COMMITTEE IN THE SENATE AND THE PIKE COMMITTEE IN THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-
EVEN THE CHURCH COMMITTEE, HOWEVER, SO CRITICAL OF OTHER
INTFLLIGENCE ACTIVITIES, RECOGNIZED THAT CIA "MUST HAVE
UNFETTFRED ACCESS TO THE BEST ADVICE AND JUDGMENT OUR
UNIVERSITIES CAN PRODUCE-" THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDED THAT
ACADEMIC ADVICE AND JUDGMENT OF ACADEMICS BE OPENLY SOUGHT. THE
COMMITTEE CONCLUDED THAT THE PRINCIPAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR SETTING
THE TERMS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIA AND ACADEME SHOULD REST
WITH COLLEGE ADMINISTRATORS AND OTHER ACADEMIC OFFICIALS- "THE
COMMITTEE BELIEVES THAT IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF ??? THE
AMERICAN ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TO SET THE PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS OF ITS MEMBERS-"
THIS PARALLELED CONSIDERABLE DEBATE WITHIN ACADEMIC RANKS
AND NUMEROUS ARTICLES ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
UNIVERSITIES AND CIA. IN RESPONSE TO A LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT
OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS, THEN CIA
DIRECTOR GEORGE BUSH REPLIED THAT THE AGENCY SOUGHT "ONLY THE
VOLUNTARY AND WITTING COOPERATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHO CAN HELP THE
FOREIGN POLICY PROCESSES OF THE UNITED STATES." THE DIRECTOR
STATED THAT WHERE RELATIONSHIPS ARF CONFIDENTIAL THEY ARF USUALLY
SO AT THE REQUEST OF THE SCHOLARS, RATHER THAN THE AGENCY, AND HE
REFUSED TO ISOLATE THE AGENCY FROM "THE GOOD COUNSEL OF THE BEST
SCHOLARS IN OUR COUNTRY-"
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
ADOPTING THIS APPROACH, DIRECTOR STANSFIELD TURNER ENGAGED
IN A LONG AND EVENTUALLY UNSUCCESSFUL EFFORT TO REACH AGREEMENT
WITH PRESIDENT BOK OF HARVARD ON RELATIONS BETWEEN THIS
UNIVERSITY AND THE AGENCY- (IRONICALLY, AT THIS TIME, ANOTHER
HARVARD PROFESSOR, ROBERT BOWIE, WAS MY PREDECESSOR AS HEAD OF
THE ANALYTICAL ELEMENT OF THE AGENCY-) SOME ACADEMIC
INSTITUTIONS ADOPTED GUIDELINES SIMILAR TO THE RESTRICTIVE
REGULATIONS ESTABLISHED AT HARVARD; IN MOST CASES LESS SEVERE
GUIDELINES WERE PROPOSED- IN A GREAT MAJORITY OF SCHOOLS WHERE
THE ISSUE AROSE, HOWEVER, THE FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATION REJECTED
ANY GUIDELINES, USUALLY ON THE GROUNDS THAT EXISTING REGULATIONS
OR PRACTICES WERE ADEOUATE TO PROTECT ROTH THE INSTITUTION AND
INDIVIDUALS-
THE AGENCY'S RELATIONS WITH THE ACADEMIC WORLD HAVE IMPROVED
IN RECENT YEARS FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS, INCLUDING DEVELOPMENTS
ABROAD AND RECOGNITION IN THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY THAT CIA,
TOGETHER WITH THE DEPARTMENTS OF STATE AND DEFENSE, HAS PEEN AN
IMPORTANT AND USEFUL SUPPORTER OF AREA AND REGIONAL STUDIES AND
FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES IN THE UNITED STATES. THE AGENCIES OF
THE AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AS WELL AS THE DEPARTMENT OF
STATE HAVE LONG BEEN A PRIMARY SOIIRCE OF EMPLOYMENT FOR
SPECIALISTS IN THESE AREAS. THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY ALSO
CONSULTED CLOSELY WITH SENIOR OFFICIALS OF THE INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY IN THEIR SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGN TO WIN SUPPORT FOR A
CONGRESSIONAL-APPROVED ENDOWMENT OF SOVIET STUDIES- INTELLIGENCE
AGENCIES INFORMALLY STRONGLY SUPPORTED THIS ENDEAVOR-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
IN SOME AREAS OF RESEARCH, SUCH AS ON THE SOVIET UNION, OUR
COOPERATION FOR NEARLY 4O YEARS HAS REMAINED BOTH CLOSE AND
CONSTANT. THIS ALSO HAS BEEN THE CASE OFTEN IN THE FIELDS OF
ECONOMICS AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES. ON THE OTHER HAND, THERE HAVE
BEEN MUCH MORE PRONOUNCED UPS AND DOWNS IN OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH
POLITICAL SCIENTISTS AND ALLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES, PARTICULARLY
AMONG THOSE WITH EXPERTISE IN THE THIRD WORLD.
WHY CIA NEEDS ACADEME
THERE IS, HOWEVER, ONE CONSTANT IN THE HISTORY OF THIS
RELATIONSHIP AND IN ITS FUTURE AS WELL: OUR NEED FOR YOUR HELP,
AND THE OPPORTUNITY YOU HAVE TO CONTRIBUTE TO A BETTER INFORMED
POLICYMAKING PROCESS BY COOPERATING WITH US. LET ME DESCRIBE HOW
AND WHY.
IN JUST THE LAST DOZEN YEARS, WE HAVE BEEN CONFRONTED WITH A
LARGE NUMBER OF NEW ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENTS AND ALSO HAVE HAD TO
PAY ATTENTION TO PROBLEMS TOO LONG NEGLECTED. THE OIL EMBARGO OF
1973, THE SUBSFOUENT SKYROCKETING OF OIL PRICES AND NOW THEIR
PLUNGE; THE RELATED DRAMATIC CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC SYSTEM, THE GROWTH OF DEBT IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES AND
NOW REPAYMENT PROBLEMS; REVOLUTIONS IN IRAN, ETHIOPIA, AND
NICARAGUA; THE FINAL PASSAGE OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM FROM AFRICA;
NEW SOVIET BEACHHEADS AND SURROGATES IN THE THIRD WORLD; CHANGING
PATTERNS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE; AND THE GROWTH OF TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER, INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS NETWORKS AND TERRORISM ALL HAVE
DEMONSTRATED VIVIDLY THAT OUR NATIONAL SECURITY IS GREATLY
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
AFFECTED BY DEVELOPMENTS AND EVENTS IN ADDITION TO THE NUMBER AND
CAPABILITIES OF SOVIET STRATEGIC WEAPONS-
ACCORDINGLY, THE SUBJECTS WE DEAL WITH TODAY ARE STAGGERING
IN THEIR DIVERSITY. THEY INCLUDE PROBLEMS SUCH AS THE
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENORMOUS INDEBTEDNESS OF KEY THIRD WORLD
COUNTRIES; PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY
AND HOW TO FORECAST THEM; HUMAN RIGHTS; NARCOTICS; THE ILLICIT
ARMS MARKET; THE IMPLICATIONS OF IMMIGRATION FLOWS IN VARIOUS
REGIONS OF THE WORLD; POPULATION TRENDS AND THEIR POLITICAL AND
SECURITY IMPLICATIONS; THE GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY; WATER RESOURCES;
ENERGY; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; TERRORISM; PROLIFERATION OF
CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS; CHANGING COMMODITY
MARKETS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES; AND
OTHERS TOO NUMEROUS TO RECOUNT.
RUT NEARLY ALL OF THESE PROBLEMS HAVE SOMETHING IN COMMON:
WHILE CIA HAS EXPERTS IN VIRTUALLY ALL SUBJECTS OF CONCERN, THFRE
IS A VAST RESERVOIR OF EXPERTISE, EXPERIENCE, AND INSIGHT IN THE
COMMUNITY OF UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS THAT CAN HELP US, AND THROUGH
US, THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT, BETTER UNDERSTAND THESE PROBLEMS AND
THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR US AND FOR INTERNATIONAL STABILITY.
WITH THIS DIVERSITY OF ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN MIND, THE
DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE SEVERAL YEARS AGO INITIATED AN
INTENSIFIED EFFORT TO REACH OUT TO THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY, THINK
TANKS OF EVERY STRIPE, AND THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY FOR
INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND ADVICE.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
SENIOR MANAGERS IN CHARGE OF EACH OF OUR SUBSTANTIVE
AREAS WERE DIRECTED TO UNDERTAKE AN EXPANDED PROGRAM OF
SPONSORSHIP OF CONFERENCES ON SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES OF
CONCERN TO [IS AND TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION OF OUR
ANALYSTS IN SUCH CONFERENCES SPONSORED BY THE PRIVATE
SECTOR- SINCE 1982, CIA HAS SPONSORED MORE THAN 300
CONFERENCES, NEARLY ALL OF THEM INVOLVING CONSIDERABLE
PARTICIPATION BY THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY AND TOUCHING ON
MANY OF THE ISSUES I NOTED- IN ADDITION, WE HAVE
RECORDED MORE THAN 15fn INSTANCES OF OUR ANALYSTS
ATTENDING CONFERENCES SPONSORED BY THE PRIVATE SECTOR
AND DOING SO AS OPENLY ACKNOWLEDGED CIA EMPLOYEES-
WE HAVE INCREASINGLY TURNED TO THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TO
TEST OUR ASSFSSMFNTS IN WAYS CONSISTENT WITH PROTECTING
INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS- WE HAVE HELPED
SCHOLARS GET SECURITY CLEARANCES SO THAT THEY COULD
EXAMINE THE ACTUAL DRAFTS OF OUR STUDIES. A GROWING
PERCENTAGE OF OUR WORK IS REVIEWED BY SPECIALISTS
OUTSIDE THE GOVERNMENT -- IN THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY AND
VARIOUS THINK TANKS, AND BY RETIRED SENIOR MILITARY
OFFICERS, INDEPENDENT SPECIALISTS, AND OTHERS-
WE HAVE ESTABLISHED PANELS OF SECURITY CLEARED
SPECIALISTS FROM BUSINESS AND THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TO
MEET WITH US REGULARLY NOT ONLY TO HELP IMPROVE SPECIFIC
RESEARCH PAPERS RUT TO HELP DEVELOP NEW RESEARCH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
-- OUR ANALYSTS ARE REQUIRED TO REFRESH THEIR OWN
SUBSTANTIVE CREDENTIALS AND EXPAND THEIR HORIZONS BY
OBTAINING OUTSIDE TRAINING AT LEAST EVERY TWO YEARS-
THIS REQUIREMENT CAN BE MET THROUGH TAKING UNIVERSITY
COURSES, PARTICIPATING IN BUSINESS OR OTHER OUTSIDE
SPONSORED SEMINARS AND CONFFRFNCES, ATTENDING MILITARY
TRAINING COURSES, AND SO FORTH-
OUR INVOLVEMENT WITH THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY TAKES SEVERAL
-- CONSULTING: THIS IS THE MOST PREVALENT- IT CAN BE
FORMAL, UNDER A CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENT IN WHICH THE
INDIVIDUAL IS PAID A SET GOVERNMENT RATE, OR IT CAN BE
INFORMAL AND UNPAID -- AN EXCHANGE OF VIEWS BETWEEN
INTERESTED SPECIALISTS- WE ARE PARTICULARLY INTFRFSTFD
IN IDEAS THAT CHALLENGE. CONVENTIONAL WISDOM OR
ORTHODOXY- WE KNOW WHAT WE THINK, BUT WE NEFT) TO KNOW
WHAT OTHERS THINK ALSO-
SPONSORSHIP OF CONFERENCES: WE GENERALLY ORGANIZE OUR
OWN, BUT OCCASIONALLY WE CONTRACT WITH OTHERS TO
ORGANIZE A CONFERENCE FOR US. AND, OF COURSE, OUR
ANALYSTS ATTEND CONFERENCES SPONSORED BY BUSINESS,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
-- RESEARCH: IN SOME AREAS, SCHOLARS IN UNIVERSITIES HAVE
THE EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE TO CARRY OUT BASIC RESEARCH
FOR LIS, FOR EXAMPLE, ON DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC
SUBJECTS. THE RECENT CONTROVERSY AT HARVARD AND THE
MFDIA HAVE FOCUSED ON THIS AREA OF COOPERATION- IN
FACT, IT PRESENTLY IS A VERY MINOR ELEMENT IN OUR
OVERALL RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY- IT IS
HARDLY A PROGRAM, AS RECENTLY ALLEGED, OF "COVERT FEES
AND FELLOWSHIPS" WITH WHICH WE CAN "BUY SCHOLASTIC
PRIORITIFS?"
-- SCHOLARS IN RESIDENCE: WE HAVE HAD A SCHOLARS-IN-
RESIDENCE PROGRAM FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS UNDER WHICH
INDIVIDUALS FROM THE ACADEMIC WORLD CAN SPEND A YEAR OR
TWO WORKING WITH US, WITH FULL SECURITY CLEARANCES, ON
TOPICS OF INTEREST TO THEM AND US-
-- INFORMATION: FINALLY, WE ARE INTERESTED IN TALKING WITH
SCHOLARS WHO ARE WILLING TO SHARE WITH US THEIR
IMPRESSIONS AFTER TRAVFLING TO PLACES OF INTEREST OR
PARTICIPATING IN EVENTS OF INTEREST ABROAD-
A PRINCIPAL FACTOR IN OUR PURSUIT OF CONTACT WITH SCHOLARS
1(1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
OF ISSUES WITH WHICH WE MUST COPE REOUIRES NOT ONLY DOGGED
RESEARCH BUT ALSO IMAGINATION, CREATIVITY, AND INSIGHT- LARGE
ORGANIZATIONS, AND PARTICULARLY GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACIES, ARE NOT
FAMOUS FOR THEIR ENCOURAGEMENT OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS--ALTHOUGH
THERE IS SURPRISINGLY MORE THAN YOU MIGHT THINK- SIMILARLY, TO
RELY SOLELY ON INFORMATION FUNNELED THROUGH GOVERNMENT CHANNELS
INEVITABLY WOULD CONSTRICT THE RANGE OF VIEWS AND INFORMATION
NEEDED- WE ARE LOOKING FOR PEOPLE TO CHALLENGE OUR VIEWS, TO
ARGUE WITH US, TO CRITICIZF OUR ASSESSMENTS CONSTRUCTIVELY, TO
MAKE US THINK AND DEFEND AND TO GO BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD WHEN
WE HAVE MISSED SOMETHING IMPORTANT- IN SHORT, WE DON'T WANT
SCHOLARS TO TELL IIS WHAT THEY THINK WE WANT TO HEAR. THAT WOULD
MAKE OUR ENTIRE EFFORT POINTLESS-
FINALLY, THIS RELATIONSHIP IS NOT NECESSARILY A ONE-WAY
STREET- JUST AS WE ARE CONSCIOUS OF OUR NEED FOR THE INJECTION
OF IDEAS AND INFORMATION FROM OUTSIDE GOVERNMENT CHANNELS, I
RELIEVE YOU SHOULD CONCEDE THAT THERE IS AT LEAST THE POSSIBILITY
THAT YOU MIGHT LEARN SOMETHING FROM DISCUSSIONS WITH US-
YOUR CONCERNS
LET ME NOW ADDRESS SOME OF THE MAJOR CONCERNS THAT HAVE BEEN
RAISED BY SCHOLARS, DEANS, AND INSTITUTIONS ABOUT DEALING WITH
US- I WOULD NOTE THAT CERTAIN OF THESE CONCERNS REACH WELL
RFYOND JUST CIA AND INVOLVE THE ENTIRE OIJESTION OF RELATIONS
BETWEEN OUTSIDE SOURCES OF FUNDS AND THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
1. DOESN'T RESEARCH OR ANALYSIS UNDER CIA AUSPICES OF EVENTS
ABROAD INEVITABLY COMPROMISE ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND THE
HONESTY OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH?
-- FIRST OF ALL, WHEN WE CONTRACT FOR RESEARCH, WE INSIST
ON HONEST WORK- WE DO NOT PERMIT OUR ANALYSTS TO COOK
THE ROOKS AND WE WOULD NEVFR CONSULT OR CONTRACT WITH A
SCHOLAR A SECOND TIME WHO DID THAT. OUR RESEARCH AND
ANALYSIS MUST STAND UP TO CLOSE SCRUTINY, NOT ONLY BY
OTHER INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES, BUT BY OTHER ELEMENTS OF
THE EXECIITIVF BRANCH, THE OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES OF THE
CONGRESS, THE CONGRESS AS A WHOLE, THE PRESIDENT'S
FOREIGN INTELLIENCE ADVISORY BOARD, AND A VARIETY OF
OTHER PANELS AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO OUR
INFORMATION- WHILE WE ACKNOWLEDGE WE CAN BE AND HAVE
BEEN WRONG IN THE PAST, OUR VERY EXISTENCE DEPENDS ON
OUR REPUTATION FOR INTEGRITY AND FOR RELIABLE AND
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS. ANY RESEARCH WE USE SHOULD HAVE
THE SAME QUALITIES-
SECOND, IT SEEMS TO ME THAT ACADEMIC FREEDOM DEPENDS ON
A SCHOLAR NOT BEING BEHOLDEN TO ANY OUTSIDE INFLUENCE OR
RIGID IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONS PUT ONLY TO THE PURSUIT OF
TRUTH. THE SCHOLAR SHOULD RE FREE TO SEARCH WHERE HE OR
SHE WISHES AND SHOULD NOT RE CONSTRAINED BY ANY IMPROPER
INFLUENCES, INCLUDING THE PREFERENCES OF COLLEAGUES OR
PREVAILING CULTURAL WINDS. ACTUALLY, IMPROPER INFLUENCE
12
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
POTENTIALLY CAN BE EXERTED ON A SCHOLAR IN A NUMBER OF
WAYS: FUNDING FROM CONTRACTS AND CONSULTANTSHIPS WITH
BUSINESS, FOUNDATIONS AND FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS -- OR EVEN
THE THREAT OF WITHHOLDING TENURE. AMERICAN ACADEMICS
HAVE LONG CONSULTED WITH OFFICIALS OF FOREIGN
GOVERNMENTS OF ALL STRIPES- IN LIGHT OF THIS, SINGLING
OUT A US GOVERNMENT AGENCY AS A PARTICULAR THREAT TO
HONEST INQUIRY REPRESENTS A DOUBLE STANDARD IF NOT
OUTRIGHT HYPOCRISY- IF A UNIVERSITY REQUIRES PUBLIC
EXPOSURE OF ANY RELATIONSHIP WITH CIA, THEN SURELY LOGIC
AND EQUITY REQUIRE A SIMILAR PRACTICE FOR RELATIONSHIPS
WITH FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS AND, IN FACT, ALL OTHER OUTSIDE
RELATIONSHIPS. AND, INDEED, IF OUR FUNDING SHOULD BE
OPENLY ACKNOWLEDGED, SHOULD NOT ALL OUTSIDE FUNDING, OF
WHATEVER SOURCE, BE OPENLY ACKNOWLEDGED? YOU ARE
RIGHTLY PROUD OF YOUR ABILITY TO DO OBJECTIVE
RESEARCH. CIA DOES NOT THREATEN IT-
-- THIRD, I AGREE WITH THE PROPOSITION THAT IT IS THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE UNIVERSITY ITSELF TO ESTABLISH AND
MONITOR THE RULES GOVERNING ALL THESE RELATIONSHIPS. IT
IS BOTH FOOLISH AND IRRESPONSIBLE TO DO SO BY ISOLATING
THE SCHOLAR FROM ANY OUTSIDE CONTACT UNDER THE GUISE OF
PROTECTING ACADEMIC FREEDOM-
2. WONT PUBLICLY ACKNOWLEDGED CONTACTS WITH CIA HINDER A
SCHOLAR'S ACCESS AND FREEDOM OF INQUIRY OVERSEAS? I
]3
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
ACKNOWLEDGE THIS MIGHT RE A PROBLEM FOR SOME INDIVIDUALS-
INDEED, IN SOME PLACES AROUND THE WORLD, ALL AMERICANS ARE
SUSPECTED OF WORKING FOR CIA. HOWEVER, MANY WHO HAVE WORKED
WITH US FOR YEARS HAVE NOT HAD ANY DIFFICULTY-
3? CAN'T A COLLEAGUE'S CONTACTS EVEN WITH CIA ANALYSTS
COMPROMISE AN ENTIRE DEPARTMENT? I HAVE BEEN ASKED BEFORE
ABOUT THE DANGER OF ONE SCHOLARS ASSOCIATION WITH US
INVOLVING HIS OR HER FACULTY COLLEAGUES THROUGH SOME SORT OF
GUILT BY ASSOCIATION- I WOULD SIMPLY OFFER TWO
OBSERVATIONS. FIRST, THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY IS A
REMARKABLY DIVERSE ONE AND I AM SURE THAT IN MANY
DEPARTMENTS THERE ARE SCHOLARS WHO ARE INVOLVED IN SOME SORT
OF ACTIVITY WITH WHICH THEIR COLLEAGUES DISAGREE OR WHICH
THEY DO NOT SUPPORT- So, AGAIN, THIS PROBLEM IS NOT LIMITED
JUST TO CIA. SOME FORM OF REPORTING TO THE UNIVERSITY ON
SUCH RELATIONSHIPS THAT COULD BE KEPT CONFIDENTIAL WOULD
SEEM TO ME AN APPROPRIATE WAY TO MINIMIZE THIS PROBLEM- MY
SECOND OBSERVATION, HOWEVER, IS THAT AT SOME POINT SOME
COURAGE IS CALLED FOR. THE FREEDOM OF THOSE WHO DO WISH TO
CONSULT WITH US CAN BE INFRINGED UPON BY OF THE FEARS OF
THEIR COLLEAGUES- WE DO NOT BELIEVE THAT WORKING WITH YOUR
GOVERNMENT TO HELP BRING ABOUT BETTER INFORMED POLICY IS
SHAMEFUL; INDEED, IT SHOULD BE A SOURCE OF PRIDE AND
SATISFACTION- CONTRIBUTING TO A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF
SOME OF THE MOST DIFFICULT AND OCCASIONALLY DANGEROUS
PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD, IN MY VIEW, IS RESPONSIVE TO THE
SCHOLARS HIGHEST CALLING-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
4? ISN'T PREPUBLICATION REVIEW TANTAMOUNT TO CIA CENSORSHIP OF
INDEPENDENT IDEAS, OPINIONS AND JUDGMENTS? No. OUR REVIEW
IS ONLY TO INSURE THAT NO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IS INCLUDED
IN A BOOK OR ARTICLE AND THAT THE TEXT DOES NOT RFVEAL
INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS- WE HAVE NO INTEREST IN
ALTERING THE SUBSTANCE OR CONCLUSIONS OF WRITINGS WE REVIEW
AND TAKE GREAT CARE TO AVOID ASKING FOR SUCH CHANGES. AND
THE FACT IS: WE DON'T- WHERE A CONSULTANT HAS NO ACCESS TO
CLASSIFIED INFORMATION, THERE IS NO PREPUBLICATION REVIEW-
5. WHAT ABOUT THE VIEW THAT CIA ENGAGES IN COVERT ACTION AS
WELL AS COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS AND A VARIETY OF "IMMORAL-
ACTS AND THEREFORE ASSOCIATION WITH ANY PART OF CIA IS
UNACCEPTABLE? ACTIVITIES AT CIA ARE CARRIED OUT WITHIN THE
LAW, WITH THE APPROVAL OF APPROPRIATE AUTHORITIES, AND WITH
THE OVERSIGHT OF THE CONGRESS. THEY ARE ACTIVITIES MANDATED
BY THE DECISIONS OF ELECTED OFFICIALS IN ROTH THE EXECUTIVE
AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES. AS WE HAVE SEEN RECENTLY CONGRESS
CAN AND DOES DENY FUNDS FOR LEGAL INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES
WITH WHICH THEY DISAGREE, THEREBY TERMINATING SUCH
ACTIVITIES-
-- THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY IS A FOREIGN POLICY
INSTRUMENT OF THE ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES OF THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE, JUST LIKE THE MILITARY, USIA OR THE
DEPARTMENT OF STATE- IF YOU FIND SOME ELEMENT OF THE
1.5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
GOVERNMENTS FOREIGN POLICY OR ACTIVITY INCONSISTENT
WITH YOUR PROFFSSIONAL JUDGMENT, I WOULD ENCOURAGE YOU
FIRST TO DO ALL YOU CAN TO TEST THE VALIDITY OF YOUR
POSITION- YOU ALSO CAN DECLINE TO HAVE ANY ASSOCIATION
WITH US AT ALL. BUT IN THE LATTER CASE, THE DECISION
WHETHER TO ASSOCIATE WITH US SHOULD BE LEFT TO THE
INDIVIDUAL- ONE INDIVIDUALS FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION
SHOULD NOT BE DENIED BECAUSE OF ANOTHER'S PERSONAL POINT
OF VIEW. A UNIVERSITY STEPS ON PRECARIOUS GROUND AND
ITSELF ENDANGERS ACADEMIC FREEDOM IF IT STARTS MAKING
ARBITRARY RULES ABOUT WHICH ORGANIZATIONS A SCHOLAR MAY
PARTICIPATE IN OR TALK WITH -- AND, I WOULD ADD,
ESPECIALLY IF ONE OF THOSE ORGANIZATIONS IS A BRANCH OF
OUR SOCIETY IS OWN DEMOCRATICALLY CHOSEN GOVERNMENT.
OUR RULES
BEFORE I CLOSE, LET ME REVIEW THE RULES AND POLICIES OF THE
ANALYTICAL ARM OF CIA FOR DEALING WITH THE UNIVERSITY
COMMUNITY- WF CONTINUALLY REVIEW OUR REGULATIONS AND POLICIES IN
THE LIGHT OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES, NEW PROBLEMS AND NEW ISSUES. FOR
EXAMPLE, WELL BEFORE THE RECENT CONTROVERSY HERE AT HARVARD, WE
REVISED OUR CONTRACT LANGUAGE WITH RFSPFCT TO PREPUBLICATION
REVIEW, NARROWING THAT REVIEW -- WHICH AGAIN, IS SIMPLY TO AVOID
THE COMPROMISE OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION -- TO THE SPECIFIC
SUBJECT AREA IN WHICH A SCHOLAR HAD ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED
INFORMATION. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A SCHOLAR CONSULTS WITH US ABOUT
16
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND HAS ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION,
WRITINGS ON UNRELATED SUBJECTS NEED NOT BE SUBMITTED-
WE HAVE AGAIN LOOKED AT OUR RULES AND POLICIES AS A RESULT
OF THE CONTROVERSY HERE AT HARVARD, AND THIS TOO HAS PRODUCED
SOME MODIFICATIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE
NOW EXPLICITLY TELLS ANY ORGANIZATION OR INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZING A
CONFERENCE ON OUR BEHALF THAT THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONFERENCE
SHOULD BE INFORMED IN ADVANCE OF OUR SPONSORING ROLE- OUITE
FRANKLY, BECAUSE WE ORGANIZE THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF OUR
CONFERFNCES OURSELVES, THIS PROBLEM HAD NOT ARISEN BEFORE.
LET ME REVIEW THREE KEY POLICIES OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO
THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY:
-- FIRST, WHILE THE DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE PRESENTLY
HAS NO CONTRACTS FOR CLASSIFIED RESEARCH AT ANY ACADEMIC
INSTITUTION, WE CAN AND WILL LET CONTRACTS FOR
CLASSIFIED RESEARCH WHERE UNIVERSITY RULES PERMIT, WHERE
APPROPRIATE FACILITIES AND CIRCUMSTANCES ALLOW, AND WHEN
A GENUINE NEED EXISTS-
SECOND, WHEN WE CONTRACT FOR UNCLASSIFIED RESEARCH, WE
SPELL OUT EXPLICITLY FOR THE SCHOLAR THE CONDITIONS
GOVERNING USE OF THAT RESEARCH- IN SOME CASES, THE
RESEARCH WILL BE DONE STRICTLY FOR US, AND WE WILL RE
THE ONLY RECIPIENT- IN OTHER CASES, ONCE WE HAVE
RECEIVED THE RESEARCH AND ASSURED OURSELVES THAT THE
TERMS OF THE CONTRACT HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT, WE WILL
17
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
ACQUIESCE IN A SCHOLARS REQUEST TO PUBLISH A BOOK OR
ARTICLE DRAWING ON THAT RESEARCH- WE DO NOT COMMISSION
OR CONTRACT FOR BOOKS OR ARTICLES- WE ARE REALISTIC
ABOUT PRESSURES ON SCHOLARS TO PUBLISH, HOWEVER, AND, IN
ORDER TO ATTRACT SOME OF THE BEST PEOPLE TO WORK WITH
US, WF TRY TO ACCOMMODATE THEIR DESIRE TO DRAW ON
UNCLASSIFIED RESEARCH THEY HAVE DONE FOR US FOR
PUBLICATION FOR THEIR OWN PURPOSES- AND, FINALLY, THERE
ARE CASES WHERF WE ALLOW RESEARCH DONE FOR US LATER TO
BE PUBLISHED UNDER THE SCHOLARS NAME WITHOUT ANY
PREPUBLICATION REVIEW ON OUR PART-
RUT IN ANY OF THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, OUR REVIEW IS
SIMPLY TO ENSURE THAT THE WORK WE CONTRACTED TO BE DONE
HAS BEEN DONE, MEETS APPROPRIATE STANDARDS OF QUALITY
AND DOES NOT CONTAIN CLASSIFIED INFORMATION. TAXPAYERS
JUSTIFIABLY WOULD BE DISPLEASED IF WE WERE NOT TO ENSURE
THAT WE HAD RECEIVED TRUE VALUE FOR THEIR MONEY-
'_ THIRD, WE ALSO HAVE LOOKED AGAIN AT THE QUESTION OF
WHETHER OUR FUNDING OF RESEARCH THAT IS SUBSEQUENTLY
USED IN A PUBLICATION BY A SCHOLAR SHOULD BE OPENLY
ACKNOWLFDGED. THERE ARE SEVERAL GOOD REASONS THAT ARGUE
AGAINST SUCH AN APPROACH, INCLUDING THE POSSIBILITY OF
DIFFICULTY WITH A FOREIGN GOVERNMENT BY VIRTUF OF
ACKNOWLEDGED CIA INTEREST IN ITS INTERNAL AFFAIRS; THE
POSSIBILITY THAT ACKNOWLEDGED CIA INTEREST IN A SPECIFIC
1R
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
SUBJECT -- SUCH AS THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF A
PARTICULAR COUNTRY -- COULD AFFECT THE SITUATION ITSELF;
AND, FINALLY, CONCERN THAT READERS MIGHT ASSUME THE
SCHOLARS CONCLUSIONS WERE, IN FACT, CIA's.
AS A RESULT OF THE CONTROVERSY HERE AT HARVARD AND
EXPRESSIONS OF CONCERN ABOUT THIS POLICY, WE REEXAMINED
THIS ISSUE WITH CONSIDERABLE CARE- IN THE FIRST PLACE,
THERE ARE CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH DISCLOSURE
OF OUR FUNDING OF RESEARCH MAY BE REOUIRFD, AND WE OF
COURSE COMPLY. BEYOND THIS, WE HAVE DECIDED THAT OUR
INTEREST IN OBTAINING THE COOPERATION OF THIS COUNTRY'S
SCHOLARS AND ALLAYING THE MISUNDERSTANDINGS AND
SUSPICIONS THAT HAVE GROWN OUT OF OUR EARLIER APPROACH
WARRANTS AT LEAST SOME CHANGE IN OUR POLICY-
ACCORDINGLY, CIA WILL HENCEFORTH PERMIT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF OUR FUNDING OF RESEARCH THAT IS LATER INDEPENDENTLY
PUBLISHED BY A SCHOLAR UNLESS (1) THE SCHOLAR REQUESTS
PRIVACY OR (2) WE DETERMINE THAT FORMAL, PUBLIC
ASSOCIATION OF CIA WITH A SPECIFIC TOPIC OR SUBJECT
WOULD PROVE DAMAGING TO THE UNITED STATES. ANY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF CIA FUNDING WOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY A
STATEMENT TO THE EFFECT THAT THE VIEWS EXPRESSED ARE
THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE
VIEWS OF CIA OR OF THE US GOVERNMENT- I ASSUME, OF
COURSE, THAT UNIVERSITIES ALSO WILL PRESS HARD FOR
PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF OTHER SOURCES OF FUNDING FOR
RESEARCH-
in
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
-- FOURTH, WE EXPECT ANY SCHOLAR OR INDIVIDUAL WHO CONSULTS
OR WORKS WITH US TO ABIDE FULLY BY THE RULES OF HIS OR
HER HOME INSTITUTION IN TERMS OF REPORTING THE
RELATIONSHIP WITH HS- BUT, IN OUR VIEW, IT IS, IN THE
FIRST INSTANCE, THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INSTITUTION TO
SET SUCH RULES AND TO ENFORCE THEM, AND THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SCHOLAR TO COMPLY-
CONCLUSIONS
THE WORLD IS INCREASINGLY COMPLEX. THE CHALLENGES TO THE
SECURITY AND WELL BEING OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE INCREASINGLY
DIVERSE AND SUBTLE. DIRECTOR CASEY AND I, AND OTHERS IN THE
EXECUTIVE BRANCH AND OUR CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT COMMITTEES
BELIEVE THAT CONTACTS WITH UNIVERSITIES AND OTHERS IN THE PRIVATE
SECTOR ARE IMPERATIVE IF WE ARE PROPERLY AND EFFECTIVELY TO CARRY
OUT OUR MISSION OF INFORMING, IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING, AND
WARNING THE GOVERNMENT ABOUT DEVELOPMENTS AROUND THE WORLD -- THE
SAME MISSION IDENTIFIED BY GENERAL DONOVAN AND PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT. OUR ABILITY TO CARRY OUT OUR MISSION, AS IN THE DAYS
OF LANGFR AND DONOVAN, DEPENDS ON VOLUNTARY COOPERATION BETWEEN
THOSE OF US WHO CARRY THIS RESPONSIBILITY IN INTELLIGENCE, AND
THOSE IN THE UNIVERSITY, BUSINESS, RETIRED MILITARY, AND OTHERS
WHO CAN HELP US UNDERSTAND THESE CHALLENGES BETTER AND FORECAST
THEM MORE ACCURATELY. OUR COUNTRY IS THE ULTIMATE BENEFICIARY.
20
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4
CONSULTATION AND COOPERATION WITH CIA ON THE PROBLEMS THIS
NATION FACES ABROAD DO NOT THREATEN ACADEMIC FREEDOM. HOWEVER, I
RELIEVF THAT FREEDOM OF INQUIRY IS LIMITED, A DESIRE TO RENDER
PUBLIC SERVICE SOMETIMES TRAGICALLY THWARTED, AND OUR NATION
DISADVANTAGED, BY THOSE WHO WOULD DENY A SCHOLARS WILLINGNESS TO
WORK WITH THE AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE IN ASSESSING THE
WORLD AROUND US-
THE GOVERNMENT CANNOT COERCE ANY SCHOLAR TO COOPERATE OR
WORK WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, OR
CIA. BY THE SAME TOKEN, NO SCHOLAR SHOULD BE PREVENTED BY
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS OR COLLEAGUES FROM DOING SO. AND NONE
SHOULD HAVE TO WORRY THAT HIS OR HER REPUTATION WILL SUFFER
BECAUSE OF A PUBLIC-SPIRITED, PATRIOTIC WILLINGNESS TO HELP US
RFTTER UNDERSTAND AND FORECAST DEVELOPMENTS ABROAD AFFECTING OUR
NATIONAL WELL-BEING AND THE FORCES THAT THREATEN OUR FREEDOM.
2.1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/25: CIA-RDP89GO072OR000600610022-4