IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROBLEMS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 17, 2011
• Sequence Number: 449
• Publication Date: October 29, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
CLASSIFICATION ""WrID8JTIlL
CENTRAL ONTELL'IGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
SUBJECT Irrigati n and Drainage Problems
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED
... ? It.. . ....? . ..1. t.. ~,\.......1.\. 1.. ....1... 1i,
... f... .. t .,.... ....? .....1..1. '1.. ..~.N1..11. 1.?.11.?
..1.... ft. ...1.... .... 1..~11t .. \. x....1.1.1. ...... 'I.
NMnnu S. u6? ,t..,mf..NYa.. a nu'Wn. n' nuu.dlil
NO. OF ENCLS.
IUST[0 etLom
SUPPLEMENT TO 50X1-HUM
REPORT NO.. I ..
1. The development of modern irrigation in Tngoslavia is just in its
beginning. In the past four decades some irrigation 'works have been
constructed but they are now entirely inadequate and are only of minor
irportance.
2. Because of the salinity of underground water in the plains, rivers and
streams are the only sources of irrigation rate'. In this past no
important efforts have been minds to provide trriation water- on a !urge
scale. The government, througp the Dspartmsat of Irrigation, has
recently wbarhad upon the creation of-a mmtber of.largi irri#tion
projects in the plains along the Dower, Lva, Drava, 'Lisa, Norava, and
Vardar Rivers.
Mud 110q
3. Of the 25 million bsctares of land in Jugoslavia, about seven and one-
half aillioa hectares an he cossidsred-croy-land. Of the crop-land
about ,lave-fiourtha requires irrigtion, =d of'the total land area
about too-fifths is not raitable floe irrivtioa. -Abort 50'ttionaM
becterss of 3mid Sr. irriftsI, and of this vacant about 90% depends on
gravity tier irrigation gsteas and on3y w% gsse irrigation rater that
has been psgsd. Of the 15 minima acres at Lead' vbieh are now dry
ry4ar of ra ? :: '- nd
fyat d about 1$ should be irrigated 01rw6
is ex*eptiomaliy risky. Abort five par eat of the total land area is
used for graining.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
4. production figures for dry-farmed land average about as follows:
Wheat
1,200 kilos per hectare
Cora
1,700
Potatoes
5,000
Bay
3,000
Under adequate irrip6tion and proper drainage, it is estimated that
production will be increased from 65% to75 .
landsbiv..
About ?250 of &IL'the iaad-is owned by the state or by farmers' coopera-
tives. The balance is held under private ownership. The average
privately owned farm consists of about three to seven hectares. The
maxima amount of land that can be held under private ownership is 10
hectares.
6. Them are a=rous cooperatives for farming which have been formed by
the voluntary association of many farmers in an M-61. Under this system
sdvance4 ii gng peoesdutbe eon be better fol owed, expensive. equipment
him be easily purchased, amid marketing advantages can be secured. These
farms are much larger then any other farms in Yugoslavia.
7. The government has outlined a- progrim' to wow 's 'better system of - land
distribution and ownership that the oue adw in use, bfit-.as such matters
&eft&Vt&@,'VeLT mats. of the national life, all aspects must be
thoroughly studied before the plan is put, into operation.
8. The goveremsnt guartntees loans fo/ the ac ui_ isitlon oZt eq t,
aachiaary, and various materials by farmer
lnstedlmsats.
9. POWs pipei, tubing, and other irrioattem equupment needed are produced
la' YbgOSLvia. ? on'- :'=''Ot7???,' ~,??,..r~..r mhf ah -woof be - IMMEted AS
10. The pwos~lmt hr a aectioa, tin Directics ion' Mater assources, which
is devoted to irriptios sttsrs and those task it is to solve all
pt+mb]ir selatimg to ester.
11. NOW. aoi~ easy am '!rMe' *ie&?hlv& tun-.dsv5lsped
*LUens de's"'Mle of the
b e
12. reAit* iMwmret 8mw7~a/ndhe`ts tls JM4 was balm *esl~d 1a e .
flaalmie p s. wll~: Mb 1"e" ."d asp. - -I.4 in '1 ~.1qs will
s2Z'bs aniil w :!!rra aLMsie!!I. sNN . ter
' it~imt.ibe. lleeL. aaatrol?
]$. !'Jets era M1M'!'qPWa& fm the eosstrmatiem of a greet ira'iI-lion system
in tin W&J OLlay go 3ca llafs in arisen Te slswl. 'life peoject,
to be es11 4 'esal am & ys1 060 viii pessids 1rTI-
PUM "M! fre ?" in *__es i"Ite+Ou at fAm best e s -]sod In
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
 ?
+;I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/08/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600060449-8
OOIAy
-3-
the country. The high water table of saline rater in this area presents
the greatest problem in connection with this proposed project as water is
encountered at 1.5 to 2.5 meters below the surface of the ground. All
canals in connection with this project smst be lined and the we of
water for irrtotion vill have to be very carefully managed. Irriga-
tion practices meat be moved to a point of great efficiency before
irrigation will become feasible in this area.
14. The full details of the goveraeat's proposed plan to increase irri-
gation facilities have not yet been worked out and only broad Abases of
the plan_Laiebeen conceived. The governeent hope. to bring 800 thousand
acres of land under irrigation in the next 10 years, and eventually six
ailltoa acres will be under irrigation in YagcsLvia,, When all pro
posed irrigation iaprovaaentsaare completed, it is estimated that
production of agricultural products will be increased Iron 60% to 75%.
Dmlnw
15;r Drainage of underground rater is aLoet as great a problem as provision
of?rater z_e irriition. Precipitation is not evenly distributed.
thro out. the seasons nor in various areas of the country. Spring
rains, coupled with melting snore, cause severe floods 'nd uncontroZlld
r'usoffa rhieh, coursing over Us chalk formation areas of much of the
mountain land, rain s? ghat deal of productive soils. The for-lying
rimer valleys are in May instances o2]7 alum* above sea level, and
due to 101proper drainage the 'ter tables In these valleys are often so
that the pond is waterlogged coat of'tbe year. As a result, it
. been determined that storage of 'ter can be?dbse only in the upper
river basins.
16. Drainage of rose of the closed mountain R11sys is a difficult problem
as t he o 1 feasible method is to construct drainage tunnels. In the
] w-]yiig river valleys, dikus and levees have been built in order to
reclaim soar of the lands and protect the from floods.
17. Organisations created to provide a facilities are amierous in 50X1-HUM
Yugoslavia, and sons of the o;ganisat are veil over 100 years old.
An of thaw orgaaisationa are supervii.d* by the gover'soent. 0
about two and one-half million hectares of.]as( baav
been drained in TuSosLvia. In areas .bias draisa$o bas beam feasible, 50X1-HUM
about 70% of the'land bas barn drained. Construction of drainage
facilities is financed by the government.
- end