STRIVE FOR WIDER APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC-SPARK, HIGH-SPEED METHODS, MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATIZATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010269-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 21, 2011
• Sequence Number: 269
• Publication Date: September 17, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY USSR
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
SUBJECT
HOW
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPOR1
Ift
CLASSIFICATION S-E-C-R-E-T SECRET
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1949 - 1951
Eco..omic; Technological - Machine ctsools)
park methods N
DATE DIST. / 7 Sep 1951
PiJBUSHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED USSR
DATE
PUBLISHED 1 - 11 Apr 1951
LANGUAGE
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
C. SI LAND 5!T AS AM ENOLD. T ITS TRANSMISSION COR THE REVELATION
U. THE
OF 115 CONTENTS IN AMY MAN SER TO AN ..AUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO'
NIRITED LS LAN REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS IRO NIRITL D.
Newspapers as indicatr-d,
NO. OF PAGES 4
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
STRIVE FOR WIDER APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC-SPARK,
ffE SPEED METHODS MECHANIZATION AND AUTOMATIZATION
INSTITUTE HELPS METALWORKING PLANTS DEVELOP NEW METHODS, DEVICES -- Minsk,
Sovetskaya Belorussiya, 11 Apr 51
Scientists and scientific workers of the Physicotechnical Institute of the
Academy of Sciences Belorussian SSR have joined forces with workers of a number
of plants of the metalworking industry to solve scientific problems having an
important bearing on the technical progress of the republic's enterprises.
Under the leadership of S. I. Gubkin, director of the institute, a very
important project on the introduction of transverse rolling (poperechnaya
prokatka) in the production of forgings for the manufacture of automobile and
tractor parts is.being conducted at the Minsk Tractor Plant. Solving this
problem will transform forging technology and pave the way for iIs further de-
velopment. Gubkin also vent to the Mogilev Medtal Combine t colp setrhe ec
ical P0LIshi pprcakplishnadd n 'h
pl ctricall poolishin_ ma it pbidsible for the combine e to save more
placation on of el
than 900,000rilbles per. ;;e?.r.
I. G. Nekrashevich, candidate of physicoma hematical sciences; N. V. Afanas'-
yev, senior scientific associate; A. V. Yushkov, candidate of technical sciences;
and S. P. Mitkevich and M. K. Mitskevich, junior scientific associates, in co-
operation with leading engineers and Stakhanovites at Minsk metalworking plants
carried out an important project on the perfection and introduction of electric-
spark methods of metalworking and electrical hardening of cutting tools and dies.
Electric-spark hardening of cutting tools has been introduced at the Minsk
Automobile Plant, Tractor and Bicycle plants, plants imeni Voroshilov, imeni
Chkalov, imeni Molotov, and other enterprises.
Electric-spark removal of broken tools (drillp, tape, reamers) from metal
has proved a big help at the Minsk Automobile Plant.
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N 1 KarpovA, a scientific associate at the institute's laboratory, has
mastered the production of three-dimensional (ob'yemnyy) dies by the electric-
spark method and has developed the technology of their manufacture. This method
has been recommended to Minsk plants by the institute, since it hardens cutting
surfaces of dies and has great advantages over the conventional method of manu-
facturing dies, The electric-spark method eliminates the need for complex metal-
working machine tools aid expensive cutting too13; it also eliminates the drop in
quality of dies after heat treatment.
On request of the Minsk Tractor Plant, a very important study was conducted
by I, G. Nekrashevich and M. K. Mi.`skevich on the possibility and expediency of
using the.electric-spark method in finishing the inside surface of small-diameter
jig bushings.
The research conducted showed that electric-spark finishing of jig bushings
gives a bigt; quality finish and that its use in production is fully possible and
expedient,
A great deal of work was done by M. M. Svirshchevskaya, senior scientific
associate, and M, M. Galkovskaya, scientific associate, on the introduction of
a magnetic defect detecter for checking the quality of products manufactured by
plants of the metalworking industry.. A number of magnetic defect detecters were
designed at the institute's magnetics laboratory.. They are simple in structure
and can be manufactured at any plant, A magnetic defect detecter has been in-
troduced at the Minsk Bicycle Plant for checking bicycle parts, and at the Minsk
Tractor Plant for checking tractor cranksha:ts and other parts.
Workers at the Minsk Machine-Tool-Building Plant imeni Kirov have asked the
scientific workers of the institutes magnetics laboratory to develop a magnetic
defect detecter for checking the quality of 25- to 30-centimeter-diameter pipes
required in machine-tool building. At present, hidden and difficult-to-determine
defects in pipes are costing the plant large material losses which are reflected
in labor productivity. The?magnetics laboratory of the Physicotechnical Insti-
tute will develop a method for checking pipes by means of a magnetic defect de-
tector and suggest plans for its manufacture,
DISCUSS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH-SPEED METHODS -- Moskovskaya Pravda,
6 Apr 51
Although the application of high-speed methods has expanded tremendously dur-
ing the past 3-4 years, many prob].em3 in this field still remain to be solved.
For example, labor productivity at the Moscow Krasny proletariy Plant has more
than doubled during the past 2 years, yet it is difficult to evaluate the economic
significance of this fact,
High-speed cutting at machine-building enterprises is far from being fully
utilized. For the most part, this method .S5 applied in lathe operations. Other
types of operations continue as before. This naturally creates disproportion
in production among machdne shops, Such a candition is not economically de-
sira'~le.
It would appear from this "one-sided" introduction of high-speed methods
that chief technolg$,l.sts at various plants are deeply involved in individual
production problem0l"and are losing eight of the plant's operation as a whole.
The application of high-speed cutting inevitably leads to the destruction
of norms which have been developed It does not simply decrease the time for
machining one part or another, but disrupts the very make-up of norms, since it
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:hinges the vatic bet+een machining time and time required for auxiliary opera-
tions Where the time required for hand operations at ordinn a speeds ccomp rised
30.50 percent of total time required for processing a Po
under high-speed conditions, it frequently reaches 65 or even 80 percent.
Let us assume that according to a norm, 60 minutes are requi d.forprocess-e 60 ing a part at a cutting speed of 40 meters
pper es inute. workT;enty-fThisivemeansof in
minutes comprise machining time and 35 minu, man,
the course of one shift, the machine will operate 200 minutes and 280 minutes , for will be for checking securing of partsofrom the machiineg,
speeds,
Now, supposing that this part is macul-++
only
SStr,*,r..e Ma_?nining tmpeceitnetimut fivTime e . for aaxil..iaryeoperationslremainsouny
r trn:.-??, c*." total tr g
According to tale example, the time for processing one part will not be
ti0 minutes, but 40 minutes Manual operations will t enwcomprise 87480 percent of
total time instead of 58 percent as formerly. In other , In a -6e
snift, the machine is in operation for only 63 minutes and stands Idle the rest
-f the time
a high-speed worier in such a case produces la times the
It i r,rue that
n.aber of parts produced by a lathe operator' working at conventional speeds.,
Scwever, this in no way justifies the low degree of machine-tool utilization.
Designers, technologists, machinists, innovators, inventers, and Stakhano-
vites are faced with the task of mechanizing and making automatic to the maximum
degree the technological servicing and control of ma^hine tools and checking of
pats being machined
This task boils down to the modernization of manually controlled machine
*ools, equipping them with. highly productive attachments, quick-acting (mechan-
ical, ;hydraulic., or electrical.) clamping devices, electric dials [lectric
c.omparator's?~, stops, mu.!ticutter heads, etc..
Toe introduction of highspeed methods of metalworking is not only a
technical problem but also an economic one.. At many enterprises the achieve-
ments of Stakhanovites and high-speed workers are not taken into account in
the compilation of technological data for general utilization,.
Enough material has been accumulated at plants to compile new handbooks
for technologists and norm setters.. Such handbooks should be printed. It is
pnasible that they might be short lived, since the rate of progress might out-
unsuitablesto
date them, in which case they must be reTiewediagainetaItiisaquite
be using a book written 20 years ago, _pr___
Handbook), for selecting the cutting speeds to be usedat present,.
INNOVATORS, AIM AT'NECHANIZATION, AUTOMATIZATION - Leningradskaya Pravda,
1 Apr 51
At present, 993 operations are performed on 520 machine tools by high--speed
methods. Of these, 326 machine tools and 645 operations have been converted to
high-speed methods during the past 2 years..
Simultaneously with the expansion of high-speed metalworking, attachments
and tools have been modernized, During 1950, 3,000 special fixtures,'600 cold-
stamping dies, and 7,200 various types of tools were designed. The following
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principles were incorporated into the designs of the fixtures: multiposition
machining and pneumatic, magnetic,and hydraulic clampingeofrparts. These to
fixtures practically eliminate physical
ten times,.
Engineers" and innovators' direction of thinking is toward mechanization
and automatization of manual labor.
The introduction of a machine tool develop-d by P. A. Zaychenko, a Stalin
Prize winner, in cooperation with Raldugin, technologist, has decreased labor
consumption in machining large parts five times. A gear-chamfering machine has
freed 12 workers from heavy manual labor. A. N. Somov designed a belt-grinding
machine for polishing not only outside surfaces but also internal curvilinear
surfaces. This decreased labor consumption from 16 to 2.5 man-hours per part.
Several instruments for automatic checking of parts during machining have
been designed and introduced at the plant.
Together with the modernization of cutting methods, other highly effective
methods are being introduced extensively; in particular, cold stamping of parts;
556 tractor parts are already being mmanufacturedd by this During 1950,
parts
the production of 263
At present, 92 conveyer lines for machining part=, are in operation at the
Leningrad Kirov Plant. The conveyer principle is also used in the assembly of
tractors and their mechanisms.
The struggle for improving new machines is not'weakening. Designers and
tractor builders headed by Stalin Prize winners L. Yea Sychev and N. V, Kurin
are constantly working on the improvement of the skidding tractor. Recently,
a modernized tractor with extended frame was dispatched for-field testing. This
work was accomplished together with students of the Leningrad Forestry Engineer-
ing Academy imeni S. M. Kirov, The new design not only increases the tractor's
productivity but also decreases the consumption of ferrous rolled stock by 162
kilograms per tractor, Seventeen fewer types of parts go into the tractor. De-
signers are striving to decrease the consumption of metal for each tractor by an
additional 500 kilograms and eliminate 38 more parts.
Metallurgists at the plant have set a goal for the production of a new in-
got for a high-quality Kirov steel and for the introduction of new grades of
steel in the production of for dtractor. ecreasing Trejec sginemeis on for tallurgicaleandtcasting n
o
of pressure e steel casting, ,
production, and for lowering labor consumption.
Technologists are striving also for expansion of high-speed cutting. Hun-
dreds cf new machine tools are slated for conversion to high-speed methods.
Electrical technology is assuming new positions in production. Electric-spark
broaching machines are being introduced. Grinding and polishing of parts are
being done by a new, highly productive method. Automatic control on lathes and
sandblast cleaning of cold rolled stock are being introduced. -- N. Smirnov,
director, Leningrad Kirov Plant
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