USSR DEVELOPS NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, METHODS, MACHINERY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600280682-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 28, 2011
• Sequence Number: 682
• Publication Date: February 2, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMi,_.L' FR C7,,
FOf3L.;3N "OCUMENTG OR RAD . iD NO.
SUBJECT
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
11:. ..CO N[.' COTTA!NC IN TOW. A"OW AAI[CTINN THE NATI...L ANTI!,!
OF THE UNITAP STATIC WITHIN TN[ THAWING 01 ^SPIONAG[ ACT [.
I. S C.. I I ANT NI, I.N A.... J.. ITS TWAN[WI[_ION OP TH[ a[HALATIIIT
111 PWOH NITNO. ~S PWO IT$
N NIIGOC NTTL AW. IN &MY
W[POOP0ci110W CI THIf 'O 'M
DATE DIST. Feb 1950
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
USSR DEVELOPS NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALO
METROIS, MACRINERV
LNumbers in parentheses refer to the appended sourceaj
N ew Building Materi_%7s
A nrnbor of institutes under the fur tsdiction of the Academy of Sciences
Estonian SSR are engaged in research on the natural resources of the republic
with' a view to t sir practical exploitatior. Problems cf construction tech-
nique are concentrated in the Inst_tute -f Coan:xuction and A-L.hitecture, Acad-
emy of Sciences Estonian SSR. under director O. Maddison. This institute is
dedicated rrimarily to research on new construction materials, including rall-
building and cementing materials, and to planning construction designs corre-
sponding to these materials and the conditions characteristic of Estonia. At
the same time, the institute specializes in ~cheoretical research or ey'TIfad
mechanics and other construction sciences. A special department is working
on hydrology in connection with the study of water conditions in Estonia.
The institute has given particular attention to the possibilities of
using mineral waste obtained in the process of shale-oil mining and burring.
Primary consideration is given to the use of ohale-oil ash in the production
of various construction materials. Great progress has been made in this di-
rection. First, production of the shale-ash cementing material, "kukerait,"
is now being organized. The institute has worked out technical norms for this
new building material, as well as instructions for its use in construction.
These norm) and instructions are now ready for approval by the Committee for
Stand3L-rtization. The institute has prepared for publication a pamphlet, "The
Cementing Construction Material, Kukermit," in Russian and Estonian. This
new and inexpensive cementing material is gradually becoming more popular and
will without doubt be used extensively in the -Estonian SSE, as well as in
Leningrad, as a cement substitute.
Daily, weekly newspapers
USSR
18 Aug - 20 Nov 1949
SECRET L6,1& I
R
50X1-HUM
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Another use of shale ash i> _,: the production ci;!_,le?aeh blocks, which
provide a suitable wall-building material in this region. The Institute of
Construction and Architecture is investigating tl.e production of application
In addition, the institute is studying the application of shale lime
obtained from seams of gangue, a more or less bituminous limestone, which is
found in connection with shale. It was found that this material is superior
A group of scientific workers of the Institute of Construction Materials,
Ministry of Construction Materials Industry Belorussian SSR, has worked out a
method for producing artificial marble from Portland cement and alumina cement.
The new type of artificial marble is r highly effective material for decorat-
ing interior and exterior walls of buildings. Artificial marble plates have
high mechanical resistance and are lightproof and frost-resistant.
Compared to other types of artificial marble (made of gypsum, lime, etc.),
Portland cement marble is easy to produce ana can be given different shades
and designs. A smooth; shiny surface is achieved without polishing or grin'-
ing. Production of artificial marble can be organized at any construction
nroje't. (2)
The Orgeyev City Industrial Co'`dne, Moldavian SSR, nas mastered the pro-
duction of a new type of roof tiles made of "lfotelets," a shell-rock material.
The Council if Ministers Moldavian SSR has assigned 200,000 rubles for organiz-
ing mass production of this roofing material at the location of the shell-rock
deposits, in the quarries of Braneshty village. Engineers from Kiev, Odessa,
and Vinnitsa stayed in Orgeyev to study the production of kottletsroofing
tiles. (3)
cement, is also a worthwhile project. (1)
characteristics of dolomites (Saare marble and others), to be used as a poten-
tial source of materials for tiles and other decorative construction parts,
is of particular interest. Research on dolomitic marl suitable for the pro-
Another important problem is the study of local construction materials
available in the Estonian SSR in the form of rich deposits of dolomites. Con-
structional qualities of these dolomites have not yet been sufficiently in-
vestigated, although they have long been used for building purposes in Estonia,
promising, may be introduced into inCustry during 1950.
At present, the institute is beginning research on the use of shale in
the produ+tion o- silica bricks. The results of this research, which looks
The Combine of Production Enterprises of the Construction Trust, Ministry
of Petroleum Industry USSR, has begun tests of a new type of hollow reinforced-
concrete roofing tile, developed by the trust's engineers under the direction
of Voskanyan. Wooden roofing materials are now used extensively in congtruc-
tion. Reinforced-concrete tiles with round apertures had been developed to
replace wooden materials, but were found to weigh considerably more than tech-
nical conditions permitted. The new tile weighs no more than 125 kilograms
per square meter (maximum permissible weight is 150 kilograms per square meter).
Production of the tiles consumes 35 k rcent less metal and reinforcement than
is usually required. A special process for producing the tiles has been de-
veloped. (1)
I
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The Institute of Construr.tiu:. Technique, .:, a ... of Architecture USSR,
has developed a method for producing "Ke.~amzit" (a porous clay filler), a
new construction material. It will be used in the construction of walls of
multistoried buildings, for light concrete construction parts, and also as
insulation for outer walls. Keramzit is a good insulator and is extremely
light and c rable. Keramzit bricks are four to five times lighter than
The "Krasnyy khimik" Plant in Novo-Belitsa,.Gomel' Oblast, Belorussian
SSR, is producing a special heat-insulating material, "sovr1it," The plant
fulfilled the 1949 year plan fur sovelit production in 7 months and accumu-
lated '.50,000 rubles above plan. (6)
Plants of the Ministry of Construction of Heavy Industry Enterprises
USSR have begun mass productior of cement-"fibrolit," a valuable building
material made of fine wood shavings and cement. (7)
During the past 2 years, the Institute of Geological Sciences, Academy
of SciencesArmenian SSR, discovered a new raw material for the glass industry,
quartz-pumice sand. Scientific research work has been organized to study all
possibilities of using this type of sand in the production of glass by
machinery, and to work out formulas for a number of glass products, especially
giase industry have developed in the Armenian SSR, including an electri;--light-bulb plant and a glass-jar plant which are now under -onstruction.
Window glass is produced at he Mullite Plant of the Ministry of Construction
Materials Industry USSR, and glassware is produced at the chemical plant of
th- Mini-try of Local Industry Araenian SSS;. These branches of production
require an ample supply of raw material. (8)
New Production Methods
The "Avtosteklo" Glass Plant in Konstantinovka, Stalino Oblast, has in-
troduced a continuous method of rolling reinforced glass. With a special
machine the plant manufactures glass for mirror showcase:, art glass, and
reinforced glass for building and industrial purposes.
The Konstantinorka glassworkers have improved prod,ctionmethods and
achieved outstanding results. By changing the temperature conditions, the
glass-rolling workers have doubled the rate for the output of a glass. strip.
The fi-r`, batch of glass with a thickness of 12-13 millimeters left the
machine at the rate of 24.5 meters per hour. By using high-speed rolling
methods, production was increased to 52 meters of glass strip per hour.
High-speed workers achieved a production of reinforced glass at 120 meters
per hour, and production of art glass reached the record speed of 220 meters,
as against the standard of 90 meters. High-speed rolling methods helped to
save 800,000 rubles and to fulfill the year plan ahead of schedule. (9)
Engineer Berezin of the "'iagilstroy" Trust has developed a new method
of plastering. He suggested that the mixed. cement-sand plaster mass be
diluted with a chlorinated mixture, instead of using water as before. This
makes it possible to perform exterior finishing work at a temperature of
25 degrees below zero.
By using the chlorinated plaster mixture, 120,000 square meters of out-
side walls were finished during the past winter. The plaster is remarkable
for its resistance and durability. The new method will enable the "Tagilstroy"
Trust to save up to 2 million rubles. (10)
I
e~1
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competition for the best suggestion for mechanized pressure chill-casting
of grinding cylinders (diameter 16, length 21L millimeters; and diameter
20, length 30 millimeters), or other improved methods eliminating the use
of foundry loam. A first prize of 10,000 rubles and two second prizes of
5,000 rubles each will be awarded for the best suggestions. Suggestions
must be submitted by 15 October 1949. Materials should be sent to the
USSR,, ;`'')scow, D'yakovskiy pereulok It. (11)
interetory floors in high buildings. The use of Jarge, hollow, .reinforced
concrete blocks, as compared with floors of two-layer slabs, makes it possi-
floor girders are 70 percent hollow. (12)
siderably ahead of foreign countries in this field. In this connection Georgia
has made a number of valuable new suggestions. Several years ago Professor
V. Z. Vlasov developed a theory underlying the computation of surface cover-
Stalin Prize. .Scientific associates of the institute of Construction, Academy
of Sciences Georgian SSR; including 0. D. Oniasbvili, V. N. Shayshmelashvili.
and others, further developed the statements made by Professor Vlasov. 1. N.
Vekua, active member of the Academy of Sciences Georgian SSR, is working on
the mathematical side of this problem.
Independent pr:c`.ical suggestions hare been made for the construction
of slanting roofs. The suggestion made by Ya. A. Gogoberidze is of special
interest. It concerns a slanting, very lightweight type of brick roof. The
design and construction methods have been used successfully on construction
projects of the Ministry of Food Industry. As a result, materials were saved
and the use of scerce materials vas cut down. (13)
The Ail-Union Scientific Technical-Engineering Society of Builders held
a competition for the best designs of earthquake-proof buildings in regions
s..Tject to earthquakes. Over 7C plans were eaccived from 20 cities of the
Sov,i.'.t Union. The authors of ten plans received money prizes, including Ye, A.
Izmaylov, engineer of Azgosstroytrest, S. Moetanzadc, engineer of BakproyekL,
and M. bisdatov, architect of Azgocarkhproyekt. (14)
New Machinery
The demand for products of the stone-quarrying indurtry is growing con-
stantly. However, the supply is still very inadequate, one of the main
reasons being the low level of mechanization in stone cutting. The quaz y-
izZ of marble and granite involves a great deal of manual labor. Soviet in-
ventors have developed a number of original designs for stone-cutting machines,
which have been approved for production. The mechanization of stone-cutting
has not been given sufficient attention by the "Nerudstenmaterialy" (Non-
metallic Wall Materials) Trust and "Uralnemetrud" (Ural Nonmetallic Ores)
Trust. The Glavnemetrud (Main Administration of Nonmetallic Ores) and the
Technical Administration of the Ministry of Construction Materials Industry
are indifferent to this situation. This explains +he fact that stone-cutting
machines are being put into production very slowly. (15)
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are operated by a steel spring. Water is fed through a pipe. A small skip
charges the lime into the container. With the help of a special device on
this slaker, two types of lime can be produced, regular and higher quality.
been put into operation at a construction project of Glavvoyenstroy (Main
Administration of Constructiop of Military Enterprises)? The machine con-
sists of a metal container with two guiding blades and special rollers which
The :;harkov Machine-Tocl-Building Plant imeni Molotov is producing
special machine tools for polishing large granite blocks, which are to
cutting. (1-7)
it greatly increases labor productivity and improves the quality of stone
cutting machine, designed by engineer Galanin. This machine cuts regular-
shaped atone blocks of standard dimensions and smooth surfaces from shell-
limestone deposits. The machine has great economic value for Moldavia, as
cutting machine designed by A. Stolyarov has been completed. This machine
completely replaces heavy manual labor and makes it possible to produce
- 11
Koyelga marble quarries in the Urals. The industr_'.-T.L test of a new marble
slaking process there is usually a loss of up to 30 percent. The new machine
operates without waste and the raw material is completely utilized. The
new slakes processes 25 tons of lime per shift and could handle an :ven
larger quantity. The entire production process has become much simpler and
cleaner.
The slaker was recently demonstrated before representatives of Moscow
construction organizations of various ministries and scientific institutes. (19)
A new electric welding machine 's used in the armature shop of the
"Stroydetall" Plant of Glavtsentrostroy (Main Administration of Central Con-
etrLc`ion). ibis machine can weld an iron armature at 20 points a.1.,r.ltaneously
and can handle 500 square meters of steel grating n one shift. IL is planner'
to feed the metal to the welding machine mecharLcally, and e conveyer for
automatic transfer of semifinished products is projected. (20)
A working model of a highly productive brick-cutting machine was testeL
in the Leninogorskiy Brick Plan. is Moscow befcr.: specialists of the Ministry
of Construction Materials Industry RSFSR. It was decided to put the machines
into series production. (21) -
A dry-brick pressing machine, designed by F. D. Ppzhkov before the war,
has been reconstructed. A commission of the Ministry of Construction Materials
Industry recently recommended that it be put into series production. The
press, built on a completely new structural principle, is simple to build and
operate and is remarkable fo.^ its light weight and low consrm