LUMINESCENT ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL GLASSES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100120025-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 18, 2012
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: June 21, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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50X1-HUM
LUMMESCITIT ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL GLASSES USSR
E. MI Brumborc, Z, Svordloy, and T. V. Timofoyova.
sourco: Icvoctiya Akndomii Nauk SSSR, Soriya Yinichoftya, Vol XIII, 1To 2
(March/April 1949), pp 242-7.
CONFIDENTIAL
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4. *4 rioh stilroe short-wave ultm
7iolet r* s. rho seqrtotion rf ry:, tl-Jr;ler. of the sneotrum
viavmlenth abrt 260 elmw 31./..),),ftva.) for ti o ryJrnose o roduoing fluor-
esomnom is qttqinr,4 i.Le ust of t.2, slItlens monoohromAtor oonsintinr of
R luartZ ltrin L 'Intl a qilart prit P. ObserwAtion of phosphoretiqtnoe i8
mad. i-Abtr,,, by tho qt;1 of a spark phosphorosoope plaoed at the upper
part or the! apnuratqre in t}Itt. phosphorostirvl thf! voltale Is tranomed
to o ntationv,ry cl5Tflrod0 t wild to tilt) movable eleotrodes El,
6
f
4, osta
arid
7:hloh are rotatmd by mot0r M. no phosphoresoonot is observed by mee.n',1
of rirr'rc. hn4 S. The a.pertured dish Direvolvin on the axis of the
motor, screens the Plash of the spark tInd thm objeot A so illuminated
from the eye of the observer. Thus the observer views the objoct through
the ri.pertures of disk D only duriic. intervals between Plash68. This
permits observation of ohosphoresoenom for not less thaft 10-3 second
(()(\q-itlitiTIAL
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O4FlD$it Al
414rAtions Tho two Vokltur0?, th f4Proflotitivo ol4ervpr.1 PflAcf
Pl4Q1W004g0 4n0 phoPpho, AWOO tit1-4 !.1710Q-Aci thP powerf41 light
gotmot riohj.fl ,o,r 1.4ltv41Jo1et racii4tiono (rrom tho oondonfier npark
betwAen Lron oleoWloe), a4vftnrew4p1,y 4i rot* ' 4614.Qe
trri lie'atv4r4tqa Vor '.srfolino cptiul 41,45en by lvittfl000no4
rjo fluorephouhor000pe tried QLJt at 4 nimber of p1P;ato
1)0fli11-010 offloiont ifitJ rftpi(t incpeation of? thelatmo.n,J tmployed
in kow4taotorl:nr, lporo.tt
The 4.1arl, Vluorophoophor0000pm Otal 0,100 t'Llt1 1Ltt0no in minim
mw:ilea. It LI known that the vant iujcrLt rflnativ6 Inralfi are
fttural ph oophora
posuenuinG the proper4y Qf 010W1 upon OXp001.104,
to 141raviclot ray m rrokition of a :Jeoold 11t? to nevert41 hows.
iAbsorb nhort-wave ultraviolet ray6 iv!)re reqtaily
f
an thoy lo lor-o waNeri.1ii Lnt40 i',:nnt;t1111tly the luNiLleoaloo
inteuoiy oP
th0 01'.10rOphOOph.M0%)0 wonzilerIbly :;rmi.ter
ti!ol'I 11a otiv.tvitional apparo.hus loosistin ofLi, m roury lamp awl? a .Nool.
Vurithorw.m, allaysim by :'1 3C t[c $A44e4 !AtittRutm
%ot eliminati% oAtirely any bookround Lrtereftoe, sinoc the 6Iovm
objec4; ia observed ooly after the aoLiou of the axoil:ant sourod has
tlio spark Pluorophosphorosoopt hqs oae substantial lisalm
vapte: It la actAated by a dantorous hi01-voltal,:m condenser si)ark
(10,000 volts, trau,sforer oapRoity 0.2 . 0.25 kilowatts). Though prom
;tided vi h on outomaillo blcon system, the apptvratus can threfon! be
..r.00-limond#NI, -1)4ation only at 1 1).ratories staffed with adequb.tely
trained persolintl. Consequently it vas most desirable to develop, for
the luminTsceace tri ii of' optical 0.assts, appttratus usinL; a lowwvoltage
i:;'Ufc fexcitation.. To this errot PR1m2, PRE:m(1, and 8VD meroury
quartz lamps, :produced by domestic manufacturers, Aare tested. ,It was
fouad that lAmps PRK-2 and PR1m4 display sufficiently intense linarl it
the short-vow) roGion of the ultraitiolot spectrum (wave1en6th equals
(01s1fIDNIINt.
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17P 254ow 15 w&)
Is
weal quite iitai?faQtPry via 4 woo* or 1 min-
mem excitation of optical eilatio00, The Doi la Otigh the
rivon4nce li-no of morwAry (navolon4th eval4 204 Oftlp )1, 'tiy
wepitoned AO h rVault Qf ParmVIV?rdhl goulatralily tNitable
th'. tIrp
se, V ev fore, in Lao new vvp4r4tas PK-4 Neroury
quartz lamp 4 lives as the bell-ice or ultraviolet ifttion. FtwAre 2
Lu 'roV t:te Lii.dinoncope) flAQW4 nohemfttichlly tt.e luminonqope dovel-
oped by us, 4nd desloed tor crudinc: optical LJanses under pt
Aonn. Inthtftprittr4tus, the name as in the abovemodescribed eluorophos-
phorodoope, the 1umifocceace method tV4a4inG, q)laists colApRrins the
lmminesoecce t the spooimenti touted with th.flt t standarls mRde rrom op-
flit(AIJ
5f; A known uriety. A PK-4 114%044u1t, rcni'y lamp opera.
atinc unler 4vriaal condlti- o at 110 volts tld 4 aftpflets is the source
( L. ) or ultra violet rays.
.phosphate:glastrc,m lored?Hby..nickel.ad cobalt i ? Use0..an..tholicht?
filter (c). Iti transmittvince curve is shown in .10icure (Transmission
Cur. ', the Lilt niter).
tlo rue
a lirht fonden (K
or 1111;raviole Uit ovojected out( the tesfied specimens or epheK1
glass located on stage (E), Fluoresoence is observed visually with fil-
ter (S) in position. This filter hp.: a fairly hieji transmittance in the
405Mmllore6ion ('ic;ure 3). Therefore, When testing weakly luminescent
asass samples It is advcotageous to sulplement this filter with a liquid
filter consisting of an aqueous solution of niekel sulfate oontai-ned in
a planemparallel quartg cell. Such a liquid filter or 1 oentimeter thick-
ness, with a 15 percent conoentration of niokel sultate, transmits well
in the wave range of about 250 se 300M4k, and absorbs completely the
violet portion of the spectrum. If the glass being tested does not flu-
oresce in the bluemviolet position of the spectrum, then, to eliminate
the effect of dispersed violetruys, it is rouommanded to substitute for
the niokel sulfate solution a light yellow filter, placed in front of
the observer's oye.
Observation of phosphortacenee is Made by means of a phosphorosoope
(DO 6941 t At
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'
oonniatiq oV a disk provt40 with ow' aymmehrioal apertIlres 4oki
tlitted to the Aelgi or motor M. The speed of the motor la recultIted
by rheostat P1, AA rhe a 200Q revolutions port minute. Vixoltation
of phosphornawoo prodnoed by unfiltered radiations of the same
souroe of ultraviolet rays (L) the filter () be removed Prom the
path of thn radtAtion r;olor oomparinon tht lihosphorosoenoe of the
touted fineolaen with that of Ile standard in f4ade by a photometrio
system oonsistinrCf bipriam (t)3 objeotive (0) and eyepieee (0). Thie
system r,ives within tho field of vision as on throuvh the eyepiece,
juxtaposed imar,es of the :Thosphorenoent oNeots? i.e., the tested sample
t tondart. The ob erverlu eye sees the biprivt illumillauted at
thm moments when the rotatinc, a :;11 lisoloses the phosphoresoent objeots
and at the stutte time soreens the uource or radiation. Thus one halt of
the brim is illuminated by the ,.;low of the phosphoresoont
beinc tested, and the other half by that of the phosphoresoent standard.
For ocavenienoe of observation the optioal axis of th photometei is
turned about by moans of mirror T.
This apparatus was used to study he fluoresoenoe and phosphor-
esoence or a laro number of ortioal classes produced by our industry in
aocordanee with GOST 3514-47. It is known that dependinc on their
ohemical oompotition0 optical glasses are classified into several types
inievinc definite rerraotive indioes and dispersion. Table 1 (;lassirio"
cation of Optical Glasses) shows the olassification of optical glasses
aocording to OST .
We had available a set or sta dards made Prom difrereot types or
glass.
Table 20 (Luminocoenoe Oharacteristics of Optical Glasses) show-
ins tlie luminesuence oharaoteristios (11 the glasses studied, is the key
to the lumineseenoe method for grading optioal glasses.
In this table optical glasses of different types are divided into
Pour basic groupa acoording to the oolor of their fluoresoence (oJlumns
1.4). In addition eaoh group is divided into subgroups (column 0,
embracing glasses having identioal shades of fluoresoenoe oolori The
oolor of phosphoresoenoe makes possible further subdivision of glasses
- 4 -
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palmed by the color of their fluormence. Thus the oolleotion of
61asses which were available to us, was divided, a000rding to their fluor's
0000A00 into 23 ocups, Further subdivons by the oolor f the phoom
Phoreseenee yielded the data shown in column 4. In oolumn 3 are shown
the varieties of glass whioh oun be definitely identified by the luminm
sneers)* method, 40 well au those whioh oanot be differentiated by this
method. Thus for example, class varieties K4, KG, KO, and BKG, oannot
be differentiated on the basis of their luminesoence oharacteristies.
:or these varieties, as well 40 for others listed in the table au not
identifiable by luminesoenoe, neoenoary to conduot additional rem
fraotometrio tests. However, the secrecation of these classes into a
separate Group oharactarised by definite luminesoenoo properties orsatly
expedites their final identification, by the index of refraotion.
Under shop conditions, by u.sinG oursopuratus it is possible to oxm
amine not loss than 1000 class eamplea viithin 8 hours. The shape and
deeree of polish of the L;lass surfaee are of no importanoe. When examm
ininc samples of frosted glans it is preferable, howevoi, to oompare
their Glow with that of a frosted surfaoe of the standard. Comparisons
or the luminesoenoe of optioal Oalos samples or the name variety but of
different batches, have shown the ooeuronoe of variations within a given
variety, dependins on the bat*. Thusifor example, the shade or the
luminesoence of KS class variee noticeably from one batch to another.
Some or the other varieties, suoh as BK 10, display rather constant oolors
or luminesoence. The table 6iven cannot be oonsidered as final. It ls
intended merely as a suide ror a more detailed study of glass luminescenoe;
which should be conducted under plant oonditions. Such a study may lead
to oertain corrections or the tabulated data. Basioally, however, the
table shown, apparently, will remain essentially unaltered. This assumpm
tion rests on results obtained from mparing a series or domentioally
produced glasses with the corresponding varieties, of foreign manufacture,
having identical optical constants. Of the Kl varieties thus tested, 10
were identical in the color of the glow; the hues of the remaining 4 were
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appegximAto y the same 4114 differed nly in tiw finer shaded of glow
ooloration. These faots ilidioate th4t the 143inmenoe Qf optical clft?ooa
is determined, apparently, not by ailventitigkis admixtureo, whioh may vary
batoheo of different or Gin, but by the eosent3 al oonetituente of MI6
glaso.
Experionoe Gained on ung t 400W d000r bed apparatuo at a number
oe plunte hfts proven that the luminesoence method of class vadine in
moat useful in oontrollinc optioal details at variove stucco of rAnufact-
urinc prooesansi The apparatus desoribed? 53 Weil RC the spark fluorophou-
phorosoope, may ale? be Amy useful in luminesoence stulies of minerals.
State Optical Znstitute.
Literature Cited:
1.
!.;? sBHUAiliit0 and Z. M. SVERDLOV,
TO:M. 71"5171 o orar-77371=Trear;"
lomll (iu8).
S. M. TOKUACHEV. /bid. 4-5 (1951).
J. GRANT, The Ilaso Industry 10 6U7 1038)
WICALSCS , WA
Disuussion or BrumIxtr6i Sverdlov and Tinoteyevats papert
S. I. Vavilcv. I wish to point out that the method of photolumin-
escence eulnlytas of optical sties Just described constitutes a recordbrekin6 example of gradint analysis. iv,,ithout resortin to spectroscopy,
merely by a color comparison it is pc sible .to identify quite definitely,
approximately 40 varieties of optical class. Grading analysis in its
simplest form, utilizing only Viol 1 color sensitivity, has been strik-
incly illustrated here, insofar as its potentialities and advantages are
concerned.
SWAN iiii.1111104
(66NVIDEN i I Al
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?
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(OS IDENT1
TOlo 11
os T i Vric, tc:/1 4O1tigtil 31(Pogt,
Type cf(114o? Do?ignAti,In c:hartulteriatio Qom am do
e tho Type
iCrowno K BO 4nd Pb0 6-?. j
13 rium (=was OK BuO 3 m 30%
Hottry aroma TK XYg
Crown flinto 17 Pb0 3 3, s%
LiOt tlinto LP PbC 15 10A
Dv, rim N. int a BF BO wad Pb0;? 74
F. At F Pb0 40 m 50%
,
Hoavy flinto IT Pb0> 50%
'LUMINESCENCE CliatACTERISTICS LIP ',11?2rit'A1 MAS$ES
,g? ,A141141,S1M1111111140416101.01.46?????alliiMIDIDAMMWINOIDIMMIUMINSailligasemenelmill-saanemliusa?Pass?~/SMONSISIONAINIt
VATIJRTil QF LUMISSCENUE
wriut s?sa
ORM NUMBER FLUURESUME
=WM ? 41841Mialliii?04011.11.1.011111
WI ?- ?I? 1,??????????41..1?????????????-
THOSPHORnaICE ?GLASS VA nT RS
11?0116, 1,411111311.1?1 MK, V, sum.= amzomeasslowzgamegoomoserasitalPSHINGSIVOS.66?11111.3111,11111101161?111??? ? OM. ??????56110111611113111111.111?111111?11/1*10. it,SW/IIMSSINDSIL
Biloio Color SubGroup by Color
Color
? a I alm? :011014,14:11=licallMiliMilosa*Asisuallivallinall?IIIIMAI.:11?????mix.: II lca: tu.i? illIng?111111?111?1111MILIIMS 1?8141411.0aina sit ?-??
Rod K1
:ink
I-B Pink
1 Yellow Yellowish
Greenish
61?14? 4.41a41141?14"44$444/ I.. ? 14 ..1?60?11.4 .11.1.464.4/8?4
DaS
I-D
Ihub
I-Zh,
?Jo114141041104$4, asilM110111.0?11.111?Isliall,116,./1-4111.**. a...
II-A
K2
B1C4
wairials4140?annillmin
K4 K6,K9 BKG,
Pink K5,K80
None F31F48F61
Weak red 02.
Pink K7.
Red K11.
V,ry weak rod TXO
Weak rod TK4,TK9
Pink K5,1T2
Yellow BK7
- 7 .
CONFIDENTIAL
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fAaertusi QV tcFlUM'OphQ Q t;cove.
ion Objeut; Fseholder f4 imn qlootr doo, or tho Qii-i1Pf 11,1-leri?
ecia(111P0 j L ?T?ituit qt,art: prim!' Z?tvh,tiQnary, tad k and
eleotrodea 'or the exPitation phonphoreaucnoe; De?click for
tiQiflh tic* tipti.rk ttt -the sioismnt ,f sliouliarge; !-114-twr; tvo41 32 ?I
frarrOrn ; 0 00(1411Mtator.
t I X" TZ r.4 trlf %Int I 1
110""t="1"' n - 1=1 ?
s " v***474.1ffirpri=tevir
p .114 ?
Figure 2. Diagram of the Luininoccope.
L- mercury Lug), ; S- 1i6ht filLor; ii:-uorlderiser; I:- sample ste;
B- mirror; 0-objective; c= yepieoe; jail disk; V-Inotor;
171and 'P2 rheostats; Am roc:neon
Ltrj.u.L.Ie curve rthe1iit filter (thickness 2 millimeters
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