CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND REGULATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700160248-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 248
• Publication Date: February 16, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL INSTRUMENTS
FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND REGULATIONS
rThc following is the full text of a summary by an unidenti-
fied author of a paper read by V. A. Trapeznikov at a general
meeting of the Department of Technical Sciences, Academy of Sci-
ences JSSR. The paper was originally published in "Izvestiya
Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye Tekhnicheskikh Nauk," No 10, 1950.7
The basic problems currently encountet'ed in the field of automatic control
are the development of methods for complex automatization of production a.nd, no
less important, the development of equipment for automatic control and regu-
lation.
Preliminary estimates have shown that more than 100,000 automatic control
and regulation instruments of all types and sizes will be needed to meet the
requirements of our expanding industry. Obviously, we must seek new principles
of constructing and designing automatic sysyema. .
A number of conflicting requirements arise in attempting to solve this prob-
lem. On the one hand, the huge demand in our industry for automatic units requires
that their costs be reduced by mass production; on the other hand, the diversity
of 'manufactured products and the peculiarities of technological processes requires
an increase in the types of equipment. The inconsistency can be eliminated by
means of the block-unit (aggregatnyy) system widely used in variou, branches of
industry but in,uffiriently adopted in instrument Uuilding. The block-unit princi-
ple is Uased on the similar functions oerformed by individual elements which com-
pose the various systems, particulurl}~ systems of automatic control and regulation.
The study of different automatic devices reveals that, notwithstanding their appar-
rent.dissimilarity, they perform very similar operations. Consequently, an auto-
matic device can be broken up into a number of independent units with the restric-
tion, however, that the input and output characteristics of the individual ele-
ments must permit their combination into a single common system. The similar
nature of the operations performed by the elements makes it possible to assign
these functions to similar, structurally independent units which can be combined
into a single over-all system (block-unit). The block-unit system makes it pos-
sible to obtain the greatest number of mcxlifications with the least number of
.:,~tial elements. At the same time, the block-unit system can be rapidly modified;
because oT the structural independence of the individual units, any of them can
be replaced by a new device without disturbing the other elements of the system.
Automatic equipment designed on the block-unit principle must meet a number
of requirements. The instruments must be designed for the control of the most
diverse parameters. They must be highly accurate, fast-acting, very reliable in
operation, and, finally, must allow for remote control.
These requirements indicste that automatization of industry eliminates the
distinction between laboratory and industrial instruments. In addition, these
requirements dictate specific engineering methods for the development of auto-
matic control instruments.
Extreme accuracy requires the use of compensation methods of measurement.
The variety of parameters and the remote-control provisions make necessary the
extensive utilization of electrical measuring methods for both electrical and
nonelectrical quantities. The need for dependability combined with fast action
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requires that the device be constructed as a sturdy mechanism without resorting
to precision methods in the production of its parts. Accuracy of control must
be secured by means of effective amplifiers of the error signals in compensated
measuring circuits.
The operating conditions of regulators are ever, more varied than those of
control devices. Hence, the basic requirements for regulators is vide versatil-
itY of elements, including control elements. The regulator must permit various
forms of regulation, i.e., different dependencies between a change of the regu-
lated parameter and the action of the final control element. The regulator must
be suitable fOr remote control. Finally, the regulator must, if necessary, pro-
vide "dependent" regulation permitting different combinations. of separate regu-
lators and connection into a common system for various operational manipulations
of the controlled quantities.
Analysis shows that indirect-acting equipment for automatic control and
regulation designed on the block-unit principle can be conveniently divided into
four structurally indepcodent elements. The i'irst of these is the sensitive
element with the primary transducer. The second element is the panel instal-
lation comprising the compensating unit and the balancing electric motor. The
third is the control element. The fourth clement is the performance or i'iral
control mechanism (electric, hydraulic, or pneumat.ic). p system of automatic
control and regulation devices for general industrial use must be considered
~'^ n single complex. The ob.iect of scienti^ic research is no longer a single
device but, instead, a system of devices interconnected by specific conditions.
From this vievpoirrt, the most pressitrg scientifir_ problems pertainipg to this
field may be divided into two groups:.first, the construction of complex auto-
matic control and regulation devices o? the basic of the block-unit principle;
and second, the complex automatization of industrial installations using devices
built on this principle.
The first group has the following problems: (1) determination of efficient.
lesions of a~~tomatic devices for various conditions of control and regulation,
(2) methods of increasing accuracy, (j) methods oi' increasing speed of action,
(4) means of increasing reliability, and (5) means of reducing equipment costs.
The second group of problems require: (.l) a study of the feasibility of
complex automatization of technological processes; (2) cltrssificatior. of indus-
trial installations to be regulated, determination of expedient rules for their
regulation, and installation of the most advantageous regultttois afforded by
the block-unit system; (j) a series of investigatdons of the engineering-eco-
nemics type to determine the most effective method for automatization of indus-
trial installations; and (k) development of methods Yor theoretical and experi-
mental analysis oi' transienCs in :systems utilizing automatic devices, including
_W;:iation methods.
The following persons participated in the discussion of the report: Academi-
cian I. P. IIardin, Academician V. 1;, yur?'yev, 1C. P. Kostenko, Corresponding Mem-
ber, Academy of Sciences USSR, and others.
In summarizing the discussion, the chr>irman, Academician P. A. Vvedenskiy,
pointed out tlurt the paper and ensuing discussion indicate the great significance
of the subject reported upon and the importance of the problem of constructing
ins+,ruments for automatic control and regulation in the form of a single complex
meeting the reouirements r,r :, n h,.~..,.:..... _.. , ~ _ . _ .
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