PROVINCIAL PARTY COMMITTEE SCORES FAULTS IN AGRICULTURAL PLANS FOR HEILUNGKIANG PROVINCE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150314-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 13, 2011
• Sequence Number: 314
• Publication Date: December 10, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/13: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150314-5
CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED
SECO CENTRAL NTELLIGME C AGAENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture, five-year plan
LANGUAGE
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED Peiping
DATE
PUBLISHED 4 Aug 1953
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1953
DATE DIST. /0 Dec 1953
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
PROVINCIAL PARTY CON 'rr E SCORES FAULTS
IN AGRICULTURAL PIANS FOR HEILUNGKIANG PROVINCE
[summary: The Heilungkiang Provincial Party Committee, in a
report to the Northeast Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party,
scored some of the faults found in the agricultural plans for
Heilungkiang Province.
In general the plans for increased agricultural production
were criticized as too grandiose. The party committee charged
that goals net were unrealistic, that supervision had been in-
efficient, and that purchase of new tools and use of new tech-
niques had been made with improper planning and guidance.
An editorial note added by the Jen-min J'h-pao commended
the report as indicating important problems connected with the
policy for increased production and stated that the problems,
faults, and wrong thinking analyzed here also exist in other
provinces-.7
A report of an investigation of the work in country villages made to the
Northeast Bureau of the CCP by the Heilungkiang Provincial Party Committee
points out serious mistakes in implementing the agricultural program for 1953.
The report states that substantial progress was made in the spring of
1953 but that several mistakes and misunderstandings must be corrected lest
they affect seriously future production. Specific points made are:
Unrealistic Goals
There was not sufficient study of the actual conditions within
Heilungkiang Province before setting the agricultural production goal for
1953 or for the more distant goal of the next 5 years. The plans are too
STAT
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extensible and the goals too high. The goal is 100 percent 'increase within 5'.
years. over the base production figures of 1952.
a to modernize methods of farming date ms. Twejty per?.ent3 of the
land must produce 15-20 cr teams, Tweet
set a near record piculs of grain per hectare. The coo y cooperatives are t the
per henear. for from a hair hectare to a whole hectare of over 20piculs
As seen today this figure is too high.
In the matter of increased acreage under cultivation, the goat. of
hectares under dultivation by the year 19,7 is too high.
5 million
The demand is that within 5 years 80 percent of the farm households will
have Joined agricultural production cooperatives or collective farms. With 25
households in each cooperative this would mean a total of 34,268 cooperatives.
The plan calls for 100 collective farms to be established with 100 households
in each. This all fails to coincide with the facts. In 1953, the
establishment of 1,200 cooperatives. So far, only 717 have been organized.
for collective farms goal was the
it is very difficult to maintain the two now existing and
quite useless to think of forming new ones,
In the matter of the establishment of Credit Unions it was insisted that
within 5 years every Consumer Cooperative should establish a Credit Union
Department, two thirds of them to be established during 1953. For this reason
some Consumer Cooperatives have compelled the farmers to deposit money and even to turn over to them cows and horses. This has caused
faction
faction and increased the worries of the with them
people. general dissatis-
the leaders make such excessive demands it direct ly influences
s n and
wise and to
i each
make hsie14th Ch'luuofoHai-luneftsien demanded antavera ensive plans. For e
per hectare, which was far beyond the range of g production of 15 temple,
possibility. piculs
Inefficient Supervision
There is insufficient control over the Policies of some cooperatives and
a blind rashness in the actual guidance of their work. The agricultural pro-
duction cooperatives accumulated too great assets and put on too big a displa,
Their debts were too heavy. They had no definite aim in operation, but Y.
too loudly of collectivism and a unified plan for expenditures. talked
In Sul-hua Hsien the party committee suggested that there should be a
general establishment of cooperatives in the area of Min-chi Ts'un. After
approval by the provincial committee and publication of the plans in the party
newspaper it was felt the action was too hasty and local leaders were informed
that they must stop p proceedings.
In the matter of animal husbandry there is a real tendency toward cooper-
ative work. However, merely to promote active extension without definite rules
for gradual individual experimentation is to have insufficient control with
resultant mistakes from seeking too speedy accomplishment.
On the two collective farms established under the direct leadership of
the Provincial Party Committee the members immediately began taking their
meals together (evidence of leftist deviationism7, with considerable resulting
influence on agricultural production cooperatives. The collective villages
made too many loans, another example of blind, overzealous leadership.
Reckless Expansion
In the matter of promotion and reform of agricultural techniques there
has also been a serious tendency toward reckless advance. In expanding the
use of farm tools quantity has been emphasized rather than quality. There has
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RESTRICTED
been insufficient
ing in serious instruction of the way to use horse-drawn machines, result-
mutual-aid and waste. Some 698 horse-drawn machines were issued to
new aid teams . This constituted 57 percent of the total number of such
nemachines. of animals, The small acreage cultivated by the mutual-aid teams, lack
and failure to remove boundary markers between the fields made it
very hard for the new machines to prove their usefulness,
Each new machine can plow 80 hectares but the total acreage in the whole
province Plowed by the new machines is only 211,000 hectares so that each
machine plows an average of only 2- hectares, Experimentation in 1952
that each hectare could increase it
Each machine, proved
million production 2
, plowing 20 hectares ,101111 d add to piculs by using the machines.
vested iyuanch150,00 Yuan per picuof add tonproduction 40 piculs, or 6
mi in-
is 50 r.;illion l)? However, the capital in-
the first year, 30 percent t.? Yuan to be repaid in 3 years 20
The farmers then would haw: second year, and 50 percent
third year.
to pay back for each era
(equal to 102 piculs of ?rain) the first year, 11,2201000
grain)the shine n 15t4p0 fi Yuan
second d year, When the coetr, aids27,t00,000 Yuan (184 r Yuan (
s pthird of
would lose Inspection and repairs has cbee oa grain) thfthird
50-60 piculs of grain each added, the farmers
year on each machine.
In the matter of improvement of old agricultural tools there is a repe-
tition of the old rrdstakes, with lack of clear aims,
agricultural tools are ncnufactured in bulk lots by or Most higher old
fashioned
thorities, The People are seldom encouraged ders Most
to make them on of of the the their own initi-
ative, As a re s ult, the tools are roughly constructed, not uniform n
equipment. They are expensive, cona,~quentl y con -
equipment, cooperatives on the various levels have , marketing and
s large accumulation of unsold
As to natural and chemical fertilizers, the trading agencies, With no Proper q ,?atio of the disregarding
the actual r?qu_rements of the farmers, blindly purchase and blindly sell,
curl al involved there is a great accumu-
lation, Large quantities of f manure we ._ purchased from a wide area extendioG
to lnuer Mongolia, Dairen, Shen-yang, and Harbin
In all, 196,460 tons
nPurchased, but only 11.770 tons were sold. In pushing the sale of ammonium
sulfate were
they did not take into consideration the nature of the soi the
but of the crops
needs ee tradin> a r P The black c. oil of the north has no deficienccylinrni
C t nciec continued to push the sale of this trogen
fertilizer. In
Pai-ch'uan Hsien there are 50,000 hectares of soybeans.
60)000 bags of haoterial fertilizer although 50,0 They pushed sales of
00 bags would have been
sufficient, sine one hag will do for more than one hectare.
The whole: province has an estimated eccurmla?,ion of 83,000 catties of
Sa-li-san insecticide, In many places there has been force allocation of pur-
chase. In Hai-gun 'Oe of the farmers
pit and buried it who were forced to buy Sa-li-san dug a
In K'o-shan Usien Sa-li.-sae was sold to farmers who planted
no wheat, The general inmre