RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88B00553R000100140009-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 19, 2006
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: September 9, 1999
• Content Type: REPORT

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The goal of the research and , development
program is to explore and develop new techniques
and equipment vital to Agency operations of the
future. The success of tomorrow's technical
operations is directly dependent upon the vigor,
imagination and quality of expertise with which
we direct today's R&D effort.
Agency R&D specifically provides support to
collection, analysis and interpretation of intel-
ligence data. This is done through various
components -- Office of Research and Development
covering a broad spectrum of new developments,
primarily in support of collection and analysis;
the Office of FLINT to improve world-wide FLINT
operational and analysis capabilities; the
Technical Services Division in support of agent
operations; the Office of Communications to
develop a responsive and secure communication
network; and NPIC in the interpretation and
analysis of photography.
Each participating office is responsible
for the development of its own R&D program. Over-
all guidance comes from the PFIAB, the National
Security Council, and in more detail from the
DCI's Scientific Advisory Board and various panels
consisting of representatives of private industry
and institutions.
Internally, the R&D Review Board sounds.out
problems facing each of the participating offices.
A project approval system anda recently estab-
lished R&D Catalog.provide top.management with
information and controls necessary to insure a
properly directed and dynamic.R&D program. Coor-
dination takes place on a continuing basis through
the above mechanisms, through informal working
relationships within the Agency and with outside
contacts in other Agencies, and through formal
participation in such committees as CMAIC, SIGINT
Committee and Audio Surveillance and Countermeasures
Committee.
The technological revolution has had a direct
impact on the Agency's R&D.program. It is clear
that continued technological advances will signifi-
cantly affect the capabilities of foreign countries
as well as our own ability to collect and analyze
intelligence data. It should therefore come as no
surprise that the Agency's budget reflects a sig-
nificant increase in 1967 to meet the challenges
of the information and technological explosion
facing us in the immediate future. This emphasis
of effort comes largely in two areas -- photographic
interpretation and advanced technical research.
Later chapters will more fully describe the essence
of CIA's thrust in these and other research areas.
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All Mency effbxt cted in this area is
done by the Technical Services Div1sic, which
is charged with developing and .able
certain technical egaipeent, devices,, and
materials for direct n in, or close of,
clandestine operations. it does alert b &31-a
research, this being more in the ice of the
Deputy Director of Science and c l . n
basic or bid research is required, TSD
l e v i e s requests f o r i t o n t h e I1/ ani, Monitors
its progress for the Clandestine Se ? s. The
TSD effort in this area, then, is TwIm r ly one
of deevel nt an engineering and it en ses
a aide variety of fields listed below.
Acc3.isbnes
The following are i lustrati of major
acco]1 isbments achieved by TSD in 1965 under
each of the or categories of effort:
Audio surveillance
TSD concentrated on upgrading reliability and
security, and. speeding up the time needed f the
special packaging of small audio esiip on a
quick reaction basis for specific tests..
30 September 1965
Visual s~ reilL!M
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ADVANCED TECHNICAL RESEARCH
There is a vast area of unexploited oppor-
tunity in the field of technical collection of
intelligence and analysis. It is the responsi-
bility of the Office of Research and Develop-
ment (ORD) to tap these new and promising
opportunities through research and to apply
available technical know-how to the immediate
needs of the Agency.
ORD conducts basic as well as applied
research and development in these areas. It
differs somewhat from R&D conducted by other
components in the Agency in that the others are.
developing techniques and engineering proto-
types to be used specifically in support of
their own operations, i.e., communications,
ELfl'T, photographic interpretation, and Agent
operations.
This effort must be brought to fruition
as a result of two major dynamic factors.
First, this country's scientific and technical
capability and growth potential are almost
limitless and can effectively be applied to
intelligence purposes. Second, the techno-
logical advances of foreign countries and
particularly our cold war adversaries open
a wide vista of intelligence data to be
collected, analyzed and produced as finished
intelligence. The interaction of these factors
makes the job tough and.challenging. It
demands a forward-looking R&D program.
Accomplishments
The following are illustrations of major
accomplishments achieved by ORD in 1965'
ORD's activities can be categorized in
the following broad areas:
1. Optics
2. Radio - Physics
3. Physics - Chemistry
4. Audio physics
5. Analysis
6. Biological sciences
7. Medical sciences
8. Behavioral sciences
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ADVANCED TECHNICAL RESEARCH (Cont'd)
4) Intelligence Processi_ Research and
Development - Unquestionably
the major single problem area that demands
maximum attention, effort and support is
research and development on intelligence
processing and analysis. Over the years
intelligence gathering and collection
systems have been installed that have
generated more and more intelligence data
that must be assimilated, analyzed and
evaluated. This explosion has engulfed
the Agency in a mushrooming morass of
information necessitating an assimilation
capability that far exceeds our current
capacity to digest, exploit and dissemi-
nate these data on a timely basis. Examples
are the NPIC overload and the backlog of
audio tapes. The President's Foreign
Intelligence Advisory Board has recognized
that urgent positive action must be taken
to introduce new methods and techniques
for the processing, storing, retrieving
and analyzing of intelligence data.
positions (including 3 in the Office of Logis-
tics) in the 1967 budget. This represents an
increase of and n people over 1966.
Sav? Zs.
The CIA Cost Reduction Program submitted
to the Bureau of the Budget on 1 September 1965
30 September 1965
listed cost savings goals totaling
in 1967 including liquidation of Project
During the budget review process 25X1
add? budgetary cost savings were identi-
fied that amount to for total cost
reduction of These savings have
been applied toward reducing the budget esti-
mate for this activity.
Cha~.,ge 1967/1966:
The increase of
consists of the following:
R&D Projects (See support-
ing back-up)...............
Personal Services includ-
ing an increa of
positions and ~?.
Travel and other ..........?
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in 1967 25X1
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COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH (Cont'd)
(I
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Conclude testing of Commo satellite and
supporting systems and launch one of the satel-
lites for orbiting experiments. This will be
followed by contracting for operational
satellites.
Improve detection sensitivity and ability to
dig deeper into complex signals in reduced time
and with reduced size and weight of equipment.
This activity contains anclL__
positions in the 1967 budget, which represents
a slight decrease from the 1966 level.
Changes
The decrease of ~ in 1967 is a result
of a reduction in the SIGINT contractural
program.
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General
The National Photographic Interpretation Center
(12IC) is responsible for the development of
equipment and techniques to advance the exploi-
tation of photography and other imagery in support
of the national intelligence effort. The develop-
ment of new systems, instruments, materials, and
devices for photographic exploitation includes a
wide range of optical-mechancial and electronic
instrumentation as well as the application of
automated systems for the extraction of data from
photographic and related materials. In addition,
the Center provides technical advice and support
to Agency and government components responsible
for the development of new photographic systems
for intelligence collection. Its research and
development activity is coordinated with
interested elements of the Intelligence Community
for their possible use or further adaptaaation.
Accomplishments
In 1965 the research and development program
concentrated on bringing to successful completion
a number of significant development projects
started during previous years. Also, substantial
effort was expended on the initiation of new pro-
jects designed to enable NPIC to cope with the
products of new and improved collection systems
and to keep abreast of the rapidly expanding
reconnaissance technology.
30 September 1965
Major development projects which were com-
pleted during the year included:
prototype rear projection screen
Roll-film-scanning stereo viewer
ultra-high performance stereo-chip comparator
Variable-ratio, aanamoxphic eyepieces
Electronic automated registration change
detector
High-speed, high-precision, on-line plotter
Ultra high performance, high power,
stereo-chip viewer
Vital interim reports of photo interpreter
performance studies
Various immediate response development
services for specific operational
requirements
Fifty-three new contract actions were initiated
during the year. Increased em emphasis was placed
on expansion of the research and development
effort in the fields of basic image analysis,,
modulated light viewing and reproduction; auto-
matic-stereo scanning, automatic-image inter-
pretation, automatic target recognition, and
human factors involved in the exploitation pro-
cess. Continued effort was given to problems of
exploiting imagery from unconventional collection
A Committee on Photographic Exploitation
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PH0TOGWHIC INTERPRETATION RESEARCH (Cont'd)
Equipment (COPE) was established to advance the
interchange of information between the various.
departments and agencies involved in imagery
exploitation. This committee, under the chair-
manship of NPIC, will provide an improved means
of exchanging R&D information and will seek to
eliminate duplication of effort in the develop-
ment of exploitation equipment.
Program Design
Significant advances have been made in the
planning, initiation, and control of the R&D
program. It is now organized into 15 major
sub programs:
1. Automatic Target Recognition Program
2. Automatic Stereo Scanning Program
3. Photo interpretation Module
4. Data Link
5- Image Analysis Program
6. Human ractors Program
7-
8. Direct Viewing Systems
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9. Rear Projection Viewing Systems
10. Modulated Light Imaging Systems Program
11. Materials Handling
12. Information Handling Systems
13. Reproduction Techniques and Materials
14. Mensuration Systems
15. Miscellaneous - includes such items
as modifications to existing equipment,
automatic focusing system, motorized
film rewind, and film editing table
development.
NPIC has a comprehensive five year development
plan designed to prepare the Center for the
technological advances in acquisition systems
and the various disciplines pertinent to
exploitation techniques. A small development
laboratory is operated by NPIC. This laboratory
has successfully carried out investigations of
advanced techniques in photography, chemistry.,
optics, and electronics as part of the over all
development program.
Objectives
The five year plan developed during 1965
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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION RESEARCH
includes a marked acceleration in R&D activity.
Reconnaissance technology has been expanding at
a much faster rate than exploitation techniclaes.
Substantial increases will be required to equip
the Center to handle the input from new, sophis-
ticated,, high-quality, high-volume collection
media. The dynamic changes in planned inputs
to the Center will make obsolete much of the
equipment currently on hand. As a result this
effort will necessarily be directed to such pro-
blems as larger film widths, changed formats with
larger scales and increased. film area, higher in-
formation packing densities, new image forming
Major emphasis will be placed on:
Applying technological adVances to expand
production activities,
Automating the process whereever possible,
Increasing the efficiency of photo inter-
pretation equipment, and
Seeking entirely new techniques in the
exploitation process to limit where
possible expanding qu.; nts for
additional personnel.
30 September 1965
Research and Development for photographic
interpretation equi meat will require
and. tine services of people in 1967. e25X1
total requirement, is for projects
and the remainder for program a3mini strat .025X1
Savings
Because of the high priority of this activity,
no cost savings goals were reported in the CIA
Cost Reduction Program forwarded to the Bureau
of the Budget on 1 September 1965. However,
Ing the budget review process,
were identified as cost savings and applied
towad the reduction of the budget estimate for
1967- 25X1
Cont'd)
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