INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000200110010-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 10, 2006
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: September 1, 1999
• Content Type: REPORT

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?? ?? .....?.-?? ...,..... n vva'.l.tJ '..LUG%JI ML1'1ViI
COUNTRY USSR
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ABILITIES
How
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WHERE
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BULLETIN N0,
REPORT NO
25X1
CD NO.
DATE OF Apr. 8-21, 1952
INFORMATION
DATE D I ST.
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. S. C.. SI AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
SOURCE. Monitored Broadcasts
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CPW Report No 31 USSR
(April 8-21, 1952)
The Georgian SSR gets a verbal trouncing from its Party boss Mgeladze who charges
the Republic's Central Party Committee with the major responsibility for the
recently-exposed corruption, peculation, and a variety of other anti-State practices.
Much of the output on Party activities. from other sources deals with the unsatisfactory
political education of the Communists and the continued reluctance of officials to
regard criticism and self-criticism as a sine qua non. Communist and natural science
propaganda is said to be backward in Estonia and Latvia.
In agriculture, recurrent statute violations and the poor performance of machine-
tractor stations still claim official :attention. Much pressure is exerted to speed
up the reclamation of arid land. There is some emphasis on better living and working
conditions for the field workers as'an added incentive to better production,
BULLETIN NO.U~
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FBI
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`...r FOR OPflCIAL USE ONLY
CPW Report No. 31-A
(April 8-21, 1952)
DATE PUBLISHED THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE: Monitored Broadcasts
PARTY
ACTIYITIE-~7oooeoea.ooeseoa-oaeoo'o4-os4e
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PARTY ACTIVITIES
Party Corruption in Geor is Criticized: In his speech before the Tbilisi Party
conference in Russian, 18 pril , Secretary of the Georgian Party's Central Committee
Mgeladze minces no words in his attack on Communist officials from the Central
Committee down. The Republic?s Capital Tbilisi, he says, is a glaring example.of how
not to ran a city. Twenty-six of the largest city enterprises are said to have
failed to complete last year's plan and are still lagging behind. Among them are the
locomotive repair depot, the oil plant, and a number of others. The work of the
entire city industry is characterized by substandard quality and high production
costae Lack of "production culture" (kultura proizvodstva, meaning cleanliness and
orderliness In the plant) is still something to be hoped for.
Some of our enterprises are dirty and littered with
rubbish. In the metal construction enterprise of the
Ministry of the Local Industry, for example, ...finished
goods are scattered about with by-products and scrap
metal all over the premises, and the yard is piled
with all sorts of rubbish.
Russian version:
Na. nekotorykh nashikh predpriatiakh gryazno, plo-
shchadi zakhlamleni. Naprimer na zavode metalicheskikh
konstruktsiy ministerstva mestnoy promyahlennosti...pro-
duktsia razbrosana vmeste s otkhodami I metalicheskim
lomom po vsey territorii, dvor zavalen vsiakim khlamome
Embezzlement of.State funds, says the Secretary, is a far worse crime than any
production failure, and will definitely not be tolerated any longer. All the
industrial establishments are cautioned against emulating the practice of the
Tbilisi Construction Trust (Tbilistroy) which "embezzled and overspent" (razbazaril I
pereraskhodoval) more than 10,000,000 rubles in 1950. These embezzlements, still
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observable in the various building trusts, are implicitly linked with the fact that
many of the recently-built houses "lack even the most elementary comforts." They have
no drainage system, "all doors are crooked," and there were cases of houses collapsing
shortly after their completions "there is not a morning that plaster does not fall
on the heads of the occupants." The same is said to apply to the water and electricity
services which frequently do not function at all.
Georgian Party activities,, though only recently criticized by the Central Committee of
the 111-Union Communist Party, have not shoran any tangible improvement, particularly
in the matter of vigilance over economic activities:
There has been no determined struggle against
bribery or for the preservation of Socialist
property and the strengthening of Soviet law.
Reshitelnoy borby so vzyatochnichestvom, za okhranu
sotsialistocheskoy sobstvennosti, za ukreplenie
sovetskikh zakonov ne velos.
Referring to the perennial Soviet problem of criticism and self-criticism, Mgeladze
intimates that fear of criticism (boyazn kritiki) comes from above, not from below.
It is, in fact, the just complaint of the rank-and-file Communist that is usually
hushed up, Responsibility for that is laid to the leadership of the Georgian Central
Committee which is "violating the principle of rigid observance of intraparty
democracyo (narushayet printsip strogago sobludenia vnutripartiynoy demokratii) as
well as criticism. Fear of criticism is also said to be gripping many a would-be
critic from the Party ranks, but for a different reason--retaliation by senior Party
officials:
Criticism from below, from rank-and-file Party members,
was particularly poorly organized, Furthermore.,
instances of persecution of people exposing short-
comings have been noted,,... Criticism has been feared
here for many years, and serious errors in the work of
city and rayon Party Committees have been whitewashed.
Those who tried to criticize shortcomings have been
punished.
Osobenno plokho byla razvernuta kritika snizu, so storony
ryadovykh chlenov partii. Boishe togo, imeli mesto fakty
gonenia na ludey vskryvavshikh nedostatki v rabote....
Wes dolgie Body boyalis kritiki, zaraazyvali seryoznie
oshibki v rabote gor?odskogo i rayonnikh komitetov, a
tekh kto pytalsya kritikovat nedostatki nakazyvali.
This un Bolshevist practice, Mgeladze continues must be nipped in the bud, and the
"silencers of criticism" (zazhimshchiki kritikij and violators of intraparty
democracy must be severely punished. Corruption and anti-State activities,, the
Secretary continues, have no place anywhere in the Soviet Union, and this is par-
ticularly true of the ;eorgian SSR, Stalin's birthplace, What the Georgian Communist
Party needs is people with "backbone" and determination to get things done without
fear' of criticism.
The history of the development of our Bolshevik Party
shows that 'spineless people' have been no less harmful
than outright enemies of the Party,.
Russian version:
Istoria stroitelstva nashey bolshevistskoy partii
govorit o tom,,chto bezkhrebetnie lyudi nanosili pertii
ne menshe vreda chem vragi partii,
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Disparaging reference to the previous Party leadership and a hint of a possible
reorganization of the present one are contained in the coheluding part of the Mgeladze
speech:
We must put an end to the corrupt methods of the old
leadership of the Central Committee of the Georgian
Communist Party., and reconstruct the whole work so as
to conform to Stalints teaching: to work and lead
in a new style.
Russian version:
Nado pokonchit s porochn:im stilem raboty starogo
rukovodstva tsentralnogo komiteta kommunisticheskoy
partii bolshevikov Gruzii, perestroit vsyu rabotu tak
kak uchit tov. Stalin: rabotat I rukovodit po novomu.
More criticism from below is the subject of a PRAVDA article by Luukovets and Zinkovich
of Apr* 17 (not broadcast). Party critics in Grodno Oblast., Byelorussia, the authors
declare., are not faring so well--they are., in fact, persecuted and punished vlierevel-
possible. The case is cited of two Communists of a Grodno building materials trust
who were expelled from the Party and dismissed from their jobs for daring to expose
the mismanagement of the trust in a letter to PRAVDA. Even the Central Committee of
the Byelorussian Communist Party, to whom the case was appealed, say the authors,
displayed a none-too-friendly attitude toward the critics by referring the
case for reinvestigation to the very trust management that had fired them:
How did it happen that the Communists who raised
their voices to protect the interests of their
enterprise have fallen into disgrace while the
hushers-up of criticism are still enjoying their
privileges?
Russian version:
Kak moglo sluchitsya, chto kommunisty, podnyavahi.e
golos v zashchitu Interesov svoyego predpriatia,
popali v nemilcast,p ,a zazhimshchiki kr?itiki zhivut
volgotno?
The anfr to the above question, as provided by the authors themselves, is that although
there is much talk throughout the oblast about the necessity of encouraging more
criticism frc ,below, the latter is actually "crudely suppressed" (grubo popirayetsya).
T h e lack of criticism a n d self-criticism is bemoaned by Z A R Y A P O L T A V S H C M N Y (Apr. 8) ? '
It says that in a number of the oblast Party organizations this practice "has not been
developed at.all."" The Poltava "Progress" artel alone is said to have lost over 1008000
rubles through, what., the paper intimates, must have been fear to reveal shortcomings.
ZARYA V'OSTOHA (Apr. 10) speaks in disparaging terms of many Party leaders who, while
"discoursing copiously upon the benefits" of criticism and self-criticism, actually
encourage its suppression by their "inaccurate methods of work.""
Bour? eoiNation.alist Survivals in Estonia: A report from Tallin carried by PRAVDA
on Apr. 9 not broadcast tells of the recent Republican. Party Plenum called to discuss
the Communist education of the working population.. It is revealed that one of the
weakest points in Estonia's Party activities is the inadequate struggle against the
survivals of bourgeois-nationalist ideology." The Central Committee Propaganda
and ?Agitation..Department is criticized for its poor job of indoctrinating the
population, particularly the workers of the Slate Basin (slantseviy basseyn)e
A Nikolayev article carried by PRAVDA on Apr. 19 insists that the Estonian '!mufflers
of criticism" (glushiteli kritiki) be called to account. A number of high Communist
officials of the Republicas Main Oil-Marketing Administration (Glavneftesbyt), he
reveals, have been made to resign "at their own request" (po lichnoy prosbe) for
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criticizing the high-handed methods of the administration chief., The dismissed
official., says Nikolayev., were found to be "objectionable" because they objected
to the bosses order hiking production costs., and his attempt to include the-cost
of his jummer cottage (dachnaya kvartira) in the administration expenditures When
the local Party organization failed to prevail upon the administration chief to mend
his ways., the case was appealed to the Tallin City Party. The latter,,. strangely
enough,, was reluctant to do any more than administer a mild rebuke to the autocrat,,
and hastened to close the case with the inscription "personal affair" (personalnoye
Belo). A similar case of flagrant suppression of criticism is cited in the
Tsentralniy Rayon ceramics plant where the director has been dismissing his critics
under the pretext of "staff reduction" (sokrashchenie shtata).
Latvian Science Propaganda Unsa?tis?actos ; A Kalnin article in PRAVDA (Apr. 10)
takes the Latvian Communist organizations to task for their indifferent attitude
toward more and better lectures on natural science and political themes. Both the
Republican Society for the Propagation of Political and Scientific Knowledge and the
Propaganda and Agitation Section of the Central Party Committee are said to have lost
interest in the "most important" (vazhneishaya) aspect of their work, mass-political
education. Kalnin is particularly sarcastic in his reference to the lecturers who
prefer to punctuate their talks'with
Russian-version:
instances of the remote past or from the life of,
other states, and for unknown"reasons avoid any
reference to local facts, This is a reflection
on the cogency and originality of such lectures.
lektory privodyat primery ili iz dalekogo proshlago,
? ili iz zhizni drugikh gosudarstv, no po neponiatnim
prichinam izbegayut privodit mestnie fakty. Eto
otrazhayetsia na ubediteinosti I dokhodchivosti
takikh lektsiy.
The rural, intelligentsia plays an Important part in the collective .farm system,, and
its political education must therefore be in the center of the Party's attention,
according to a?RADYANSKA .JAINA editorial of Apra 16. This problems however,
requires a careful and "discreet approach" (differentsirovanny podkhod) since no
common criterion can be applied to the education of any group of professionals.
Certain Party organizations., says the paper, are tactless in their handling of the
intelligentsia,, and that is precisely why many of them, as is the case in Novo-
selits Rayons Chernigov Oblast., for example., prefer to "stand away from cultural
education and mass-political work."
Elements of "uncritical reasoning" (nachetnichstvo) and Talmudism are still discernible
among the Party students of Marxism-Leninism of Odessa Oblast., declares BOLSB TSKOOYE
ZNAM A, on Apr. 18. The standard of political studies in the Party school network is
threatened -with "further deterioration" if the leadership does not take immediate
steps 'toward an all-round improvement of the educational system. The successful
outcome of the academic year is said to be in jeopardy in many rayons including
Krivoozerskiy., Razdelnyanskiy, Kaganovichskiy, and Voroshilovskiy.
Supervision over the political-self-education of Communists should be "an object of
special concern" (predmet osoboy zaboty) of all Party organizations., says PRAVDA
(Apr. 18). Such concern is said to be lacking in Krasnoyarsk Krai where nothing is
being done about "eliminating the serious shortcomings" (k ustraneniu seryozn.ikh
nedosta?tkov) in the system of political self-education. The propagandists in charge
of seminars and study circles are left to their own political resources which are
not always "adequate to the job at hand" while the independent students are frequently
neglected altogether. The paper frowns upon the tendency on the part of numerous
Party organizations to neglect political education during most of the school term,
attempting to make up for lost time at the very end of the year. This practice.
(referred to in industry as "shturmovshchina" - storming the job), the paper claims,
vitiates the system of political education and self-education and should be avoided
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at all costs
Such haste may be seriously detrimental to the
political studies of the Communists, may lower
the ideological level of propaganda work.
Russian version:
Podobnaya pospeshnost mozhet nanesti seryozniy
ushcherb politicheskoy uchebe kommuni.stov, anizit
ideiniy uroven propagandistskoy raboty.
Party encroachment upon the immediate prerogatives of the executive branch of
government and trade unions,, an old official complaint, is again discussed by
PRAVDA on Apr. 8. The paper does not name any particular localities or organizations
but the genersl, editorial tenor suggests a widespread practice of Party organizations
"taking over" the affairs of local Soviets, trade unions and other organizations.
Party committees everywhere are reminded that their business is over-all supervision
over government, industrial and trade union activities but that they are to refrain
from taking any direct part in them:
One cannot-overlook the fact., however, that certain local
Party organizations have not yet given up the practice of
replacing Soviet,. economic., trade union and other
organs,, degrading their role and responsibility for the
tasks at hand...
Russian -versions
Nelzya, odnakoe ne videt toga., chto nekotorie mestnie
partiynie organizatsii eshche ne otreshilis of podmeny
sovetskilkh, khozaistvennilth, profsoyuznikh i drugikh
organov, prinizhayut ikh rol i otvetstvennost za
vypolnenie postavlennikh pered mi zadach...
What the proper Party organization should doe the paper concludes., is to achieve the
desired ends In matters of government and economic administration "not outside
the Soviet said economic organs but, through them."" (ne pomimo sovetskikh i
khozaistvenni,kh organov, a cherez nikh).
Kolkhoz Statute Violatibne Still Wides ready Tampering with kolkhoz non-distributed
YOU nedelimie fondy , a crude violation" of the agricultural artel statute has
not yet.been eliminated in a number of oblasts, according to RAI)SKA UI RAIdidA
(Apr. 10). It has been noted also, the paper charges., that even collective farms with
"gro i.ng incomes" are not depositing the required sums to the funds. Poor management
and lack of labor discipline are said to be only partially responsible for the
mentioned misdemeanor. The law governing the non-distributed funds is sacrosanct, and
violators are strongly advised to abide by it or prepare to take the consequences.
Since the non-distribution fund is designed for reinvestment and purchases of farm
equipment and stock., any attempt to keep it below the prescribed level, the paper
claimsy may spell, economic bankruptcy in the long run. This, it is stated, is
precisely the case with many collective farms in Zhitomir, Odessa, Stanislav,. Volhyn,
Drogobych, and Lvov Oblast where the situation is "especially unsatisfactory."
Implicitly cautioning the collective farm officials against a repetition of last
year's mistakes, the editorial reminds them of their past.failures which.were
brought about., among other things., by neglecting the non-distributed fund.sg
As a result, those kolkhozes gathered low yields,
failed to fulfill the plans for increasing the
number of livestock... They received low incomes
and paid little for the kolkhozniks4 labor days
in grain and cash.
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Anbther.complaint voiced by the same editorial is the lackadaisical attitude displayed
by the "directors, agronomists and engineers" of many machine-tractor stations toward
a better utilization of tractors and other farm equipment. The machine-tractor
station, it is reiterated, is the mainstay of the agricultural economy, and its
success or failure is immediately reflected on the activities of the collective farms.
And what a well-run collective farm should be like is indicated in the case of some
Tzrnail Oblast farms which have become "millionaires", paying 18 rubles for each
labor day "apart from the payments in kinds"
Cases of "gravel' violation of the koflchoz statute have been exposed recently in the
collective farms of Dnepropetrovsk Oblast,, reports ZARYA editorially on Apr. 16.
Lack of proper Party supervision is said to account for the embezzlement (roskradaniye)
of kolkhoz money and property and squandering (rozbazaryvaniye) of communal livestock.
Noted also, according to the paper, is the illegal disposal of kolkhoz land, but no
further details on that point are offered. Among the rayons mostly affected by the
mentioned irregularities are Likhovskiy, Dnepropetrovskiy, Shirokovskiy,, Pokrovskiy,
Sinelnikovskiy and Kotovskiy.
Danger signals pointing to "crude violations of the kolkhoz statute", says PRAVDA
editorially on Apr.. 19, are heard from Bashkirian ASSR, Tambov, Kirov and some other
(unnamed) oblasta where "unworthy people" (nedostoinie lyudi) as well as squanderers
(raskhititeli) are frequently kept as collective farm chairmen. A recent checkup on
Party activities revealed that things are still worse in Altai Krai where wholesale
plundering of collective farm lands and other properties is allowed to go on
unchecked by the appropriate Party and Soviet organizations. Widespread in the krai,
says the paper,are
cases of criminal pilfering of collective farm
produce, violation of kolkhoz land tenure laws by
various enterprises, offices and individuals,
stealing collective farm property, squandering
fodder concentrates allocated by the Government for
public stockbreeding, and illegal seizure and mowing
of kolkhoz hay.
Russian version;
V kraye nablyudayutsia sluchai prestupnogo rastaskivania
kolkshoznoi produktsii, narushenia kolkhoznago zem-
lepolzovania otdelnymi predpriatiami, uchrezhdeniami i
razlichnymi litsami, khishchenia kplkhoznogo imushchestva,
razbazarivania kontsentrirovennikh kormov, otpushchennogo
pravitelstvom dlia obshchestvennogo zhivotnovodstva,
nezakonnogo zakhvata i vykashivania kolkhoznikh senokosove
Virulent criticism of koll?hoz statute violations is contained also in a long IYNSKAYA
PRAVDA editorial of Apr. 20, Here again the "conciliatory attitude', (primirencheskoye
otnoshenie) of the various Party organizations towards statute violations in general
is blamed for a variety of crimes. Some collective farm officials, says the paper,
acting "under the guise of protectors of the interests of collective farm economy"
(pod vidom zashchitnikov interesov obshchestvennogo khozaistva kolkhozov), abuse
their official positions by forcing the collective farms to release without paLnnenG
or at low prices produce, livestock, and other kolkhoz property. The oblast2s high
agricultural officials, far from fighting such malpractices, "have themselves taken
the path of pilfering kolkhoz wealth" (sami stali na put razbazarivania koikhoznogo
dobra).
Rec!Sation.Work Too Siow-. The reclamation of the 1,000-kilometer-long Barabin
Depression is most unsatisfactory" in the opinion of SOV 2SKAYA S1BIR (Apr. 16).
Last year's work was very inadequate, and there is no visible improvement this year,
The 1951 plan for.reconstructing the drainage canals was over 50% short of completion,
and this year "many hydraulic installations" (mnogo gidroustanovok) are not
functioning because of the ""bad quality of work" performed by the officers of the
construction trust. There is no dearth of discussions and discourses on the'' urgent
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necessity of reclaiming the vast swamp and arid lands of the Barabin Depression, says
the paper, but the actual solution of the problem has.so far remained on paper.
The reclamation of the swamps in Ubinaky Rayon Tones it is claimed, would yield 26,000
hectares of fertile land suitable for fodder clops. The following shortcomings, the
paper cmel ,des, are still very much in evil^ =:+, and must be overcome before any
further progress can be made:
Excavator remain ifs 6-)1 ,,,ng r c ; of time because
of bad maintenance and poor l.aY~ _rC;rrn3.,z, ,tion...
Nineteen out of 35 water well., are idle In Dovolenskiy Rayon,
and 11 out of 27 in Kuybydhevskiy Rayon,,.
Nearly of the excavators..,,have not yet been repaired,
and new drivers have not been recruited...
The Barabin Hydraulic Structures Building Trust ...has
not yet distributed drilling equipment among the drilling
or?gaani zations .
Better Condit one For Field Lebor Urged: STALE GRADSk A I VDA (Apr. 11) suggests
utt'er'cultural and weil.are services for the kolkhozniks on the field would
boost their morale and improve their efficiency during the spring sowing campaign
now unde..r, ,yu The importance of this aspect of work is often underestimated by the
local Party and Soviet officials. Listed among the cultural services in need of
irprovemert are mass-enlightenment work, rural clubs,, mobile libraries, and movies.
Characteristically, the welfsre: theme is treated. inferentially but the appeal to the
obla~t cor ,r~ r union (obl-potreb-aoyuz) to reorganize its services "on a sound
basis"" implies the need for a better and more plentiful supply of food.
ORLOV'S A PRAVDA (Apr. 20) is more explicit in its demand for better living conditions
for the :t Izers" (tractor drivers and farm machine operators): the success of
the agricultural year depends on that. The paper reveals that the oblast trade unioak
of agricultu; ",o.1 workers has remained indifferent to "the . serious shortcomings in the
living stand ,rd of the mechanizers", and suggests that the welfare services for
them "be placed under the auspices" of the Party, Soviet, and agricultural organiza-
tionsu ;Among the suggested remedies are "proper rest premises" for the mechanizers9
nd that the Consumers Cooperative Union should organize rural trade in such a way
a., to mom, good, `available to every consumer."
?1,~ 4ng excerpts from some of the other agricultural items broadcast by the
in chronological ordero
'1 t, plenary session.,, .noted unsatisfactory work at a number of machine-tractor
i?l the obla~t. They delay the execution of agreements concluded with other
~'.. dlc er the quality of labor. (ZARYA editorial).
at individual kolkhozes and machine-tractor stations have revealed many
which must be removed at once so that the sowing of spring crops can be..
c?rld oat, (D.M. Sylin from Vinnitsa).
Apra l3-'-We must not forget that in a number of rayons attention to the quality. of
the sovtng is still lacking. (MOLOT editorial., Rostov-on-Don).
Apr. 18-4Un. atisfactory progress of cotton planting is noted in Ilyichevskiy,
Pakh ,`-A.?aalskiy, Chimkent, Tyulkubasskiy, Geor?gievskiy and Sayramskiy Rayons. One
of th rao , important reasons for the lag..4in these rayons is the poor use of sowing
machines and bad labor organization. (NAZAKRSTANSKAYA PRAVDA. Alma-Ata).
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