SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT UZINA, R.V. - UZLOV, I.G.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001858320003-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 31, 2001
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

14 Z / ly'a kj
US?W/CVemistry - Tire cords FD-1731
Card 1/1 : Pub. 50-7/18
Authors : Uzina, R. V., Ionova, T. V., Vasillyeva, S. A.
Title : The effect of a high hygroscopicity of viscose cord on the quality of
automobile tire casings
Periodical : Khim. prom., No 1, 34-39, Jan-Feb 1955
Abstract : The harmful effects of a high moisture content in viscose cord are
described. It is recommended that the Main Administration of Cord
Production ["Glavkord"), Ministry of the Consu rs' Goods Industry,
initiate work on the reduction of the hygroscopicity of viscose cord.
Three references; one LESSR, since 1940. one figure, 11 graphs. 2 tables.
Institution : Scientific Research Institute of the Tire Industry
0

UZINk. R.V.; DOSTYAN. H.3.; GUSBYA, V.1e; KALININA, A.A.
Intex-carbon black compounds for impregnation of tire cord. Xauch.
Irea. 16 no.12:11-18 D '57. (MIRA 11:3)
1. Nauchno-iseledovatelokly Institut shinnoy pronWahlonnosti.
(Rubber) (Tire fabrics)

axe
3Ns,
A%~7kw, V. r-b- M.' I.. 1;-h'- , Y.G.
X.G.. W
T"Ma, Vj~yl-;;Mltr, ftb",,X'-A lAtexes AM cutimla M ibol, U..
VvA'CV:CJLL, Yaxo.lavak. V-st' (3~arkY= TA-slavsk, *Am. &I.. r-ra),
1953. No. 5. rp. 22-25
Tsx-r, Co;4lMrs or bu%4dt*n* wid 2-mtl-41-t,-vlnyl rrrld--n# (VYKI OM
"b%&N-4 be- aml ;wly-lzstl~ tampvrit-a -d
w, 0
~ -d tat g~lratlon of WK-le"Lzod rutbc~~coods -:4-AlbIj U.-. r
v4lr~txod prtducts f~ bQt&ilA,v-2tyr*ne mtbtr. IrX3). Rwbt-
h- hlelh q..Ztty
%I- Air o.". vpx 1.%-. Jh..-- of
Kith SO -d SKS -bbr.. C..;-.d t. tnxd.~l rJj
lup~c-tlm- TFK lepresnation lh-m-s the cMes--m st-gth or mtb-
C-1 1/2
-,,J ty . '"-,r of I5-Z -4- stat'c c2nd-t!ons Aid -h ~re =I-r d,,
-titto~. %FK, 5-C -j-A q-litj of
obt.,-d
Tr-%.*-,ur's Mtoi ThIs 1. the tull translatt- or %.be crjgL~Aj lluszj~
Ab. t,u t

SOV-/138-98-7-4/19
AUTHORS: Uzina, R.V., Basin, V-Ye-, Dostyan, MI.S.'
TITLE: The Strength of the Bond Bptween Tyre Cozd - Adhe_=I'-~
and Rubber (K voprosu 0 prochnostf svyazi si-stemy
kord - adgeziv - rezina)
PERIODICAL: Kauchuk i rezina, 1958, vr 7, PP 13 - 18 (USSSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors consider that theories which reGard them
adhesion between Inlymers as being a function of inter-
molecular and chemical interaction satisfy experimental
finding better than other theories.
The basic point of failure in the system, tyre cord -
adhesive - rubber is usually at the interface between
the adhesive and the rubber.
In order to increase the stren-th of bond at this point,
it is essential to raise intermolecular action by incor-
porating substances with active functional Eroups which
will brin,,,, about cl'-emical bonds between the adhesive and
rubber.
The adhesive or rnaterial with which the cord is
impre6nated must have sufficient cohesiveness to with-
stand dynamic deformations, have high elastic modulus,
high peel strength and goDd thermal resistance.
Cardl/4

SOV/138-58-7-4/19
The Strength of the Band Det!.Veen Tyre Cord - Adhesive and Rubber
The method of "luminescent analysis" (Ref 3) -,;Jth
ultra-Tiolet li.,--ht -.,as used to study tle boundaries at-
which fallure O~Ourc_. Fie~ure la shows characteristics
of adhesive fai.lure at tILe adhesive-rubber interface and
Figure 1b of co-hiesive failure. Further studies -.,-:ere
made of throads of' the cord from trres which h;3d failed
under high magnificat '-on - Fir-ure 2.
The usuai impregnating mteria'l for cord is non-polar
(natural latey. or divinyi-styrol), and does not increase
adhesion bet-;,een cord and rubber. Addition of polsr
substances to this$ non-polar, latex increases adhesion.
FiGure 3 sI;oT,,:,3 t 1 *is 6ain in strexigth with up to 30,'L
addition. by veicl-ht, of, Curve 1, resorcii)al formaldehyde
and, Curve 2, casein. FigLLre 4 sho~-.,s tLe in-)rove.,rent
with different percentaEes of (4a) cEirboxyl &roups and
(4b) vinylpiridine L.-roups in the latex viith difhrejib
rubbe-rs - thte top cvrve bein6 natural rubber, the middle
SKB and the b3ttom SKS-ZOAL! in each case.
The addition of albumens or caseins in latex raises the
intermolecular action with cellulose and the addition
Uard2/4

SOII/138-5877-4/19
The Strength of the Bond 'Retveeti Tyre Cord - AdLesive and, RublLer
of resorcinal formaldeh,-d.e increases chemical interaction
- Figure 5a. Curves 1 for the latter and Cur7es ~ for casein.
Figure 5b shovs the result of sirailar addition-- on the
5th of the bond to Sn rubber. Addition of resorcinal-
strenF
formaldehyde to latexes which already contain functijnal
groups must be made with discretion and can, in some
cases, decrease the bond strenL.-th throuf)i increE?sed intcr-
molecular acti.)n within the film of ifitprc-Cnant itself.
Figure 6 illustr,--,tcs this.
The question of introduction of vulcanisinE agents -into
the cord impreLt,pItin--- material is considered. Date
sugLests that sulphur should not be added since it vill
miF,rate into the cord frorr,, the rubber in any ca.,,e. Addition
of sulT)hur to im-prc-Lnants of latex-casein composition
Worsen~t.'ne rcsi~-tance to repeF.,ted compression, as shov..-n J-P-
Table 1. Addition of an acceleratinE aCent DMASK to
late.x-c,.-seic or latex-resorcinal-formaldehyde iirpievrants
improve this rcsistance - Toble 2.
Further v:ork confirms the importo rice of good bondinr
betiveen cord and rubber with field tests - Fi;-,ui:-,-, '~.
(jard3/4 Other fiCures show the inflUE!nCC.' of additions of rc-sorciiial-

SOV/13~ 0'-58-?-4/19
The Stren6th of the Bond Eetvl~een Tyre Cord - Admesi-ve and Rubber
formaldehyde on thc breakin, stren.-th, modulus c;rjd
portioiial elonL,,!tion of latex filn:s and, siril.,rly, for
ad-flitions of carbox,,11 functionol Croups FiLures C, ~nd
pin~;17.77 corisi6er;tion is Liven to Ue ncttlir- of the
adherents it) rel,-,tion to adhesion. A roughened c3rd
surfz,ce if.,.-proves adhesion. Charwel black iL the rubber
comr,isi".ion is r,ood !.-_n6 subs.11cmces such as benzyl cllloric'e,
ri-nd benzo-t-richloride lead to stronj:-or bonds throu6h
inci. eased cbemj-,.ce-.l reaction. The effect of small additions
of the latter into the rubber composition is shovn in
Figures 10 and 11, the cord impregnant in t"As case
beir~g divinyl-2-metYl-5-vi~,iylpiridine latex. There are
10 figures and 12 references of which are Soviet 2
BnElish and 1 Uerman.
ASSOCIATIOD: vauchno-issledova.tellskiy irstitut s.'Lianoy .7-romy-
shler-n-1-4 fr.'-.4'.ntific RPL;earch Institute of the
Tyre Industry)
Oard4/4 1. Tires--Design 2. Tires--Mechanical properties 3. Polymers
--Adhesion 4. Tires--Test results

--UZINA, R.Y.; BASIN, Y.T*.; DOSTTIH, H.S.
Problest of bead-stobility of the myoten card-odhomiye-rubber.
Kauch. t ros. 17 no. 7:13-18 Jr 158o (Knu 11:7)
1. lbuchno-imeledovetallskiy institut shinnoy promyshlencosti.
(Rubber)
(Adhesion)

AUTI~ORS: Uzina, R.V. and Basin, V.Ye. SOV/138-528-:1-5/14
TITLE: Gas Perraeability of Rubbei-cord Material (Gazopronits-
ayemost' rezino-kordnykh sis-mm)
IV--( -
PERIODICAL: Kauchuk i Rezina.9 1958A Nr 11, pp 18 - 21 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Permeability of gas through a polymer film results from
absorption into the film, diffusion through the film and
desorption on the other side. Initially, the gas is
fully absorbed into the film and there is no &-jozption.
The rate of diffusion then gradually increases and finally
attains a constant rate. The factors involved are
strongly influenced by temperature and are related to
the energy of activaticn of the material.
Permeability tests were made using a Varburg apparatus,
the diffusion chamber of which is shown in Figure 1. The
diameter of the rubber-lord specimen is made the same
as that of the perforated plate in the chamber, 103 mm.
The rubber-cord specimen is surrounded by a ring of plain
rubber which is vulcanised to the test specimen, as in
Figure 2 and provides an edge seal of the same thirkness
as the specimen. In order to measure gas penetratien
Cardl/4 along the cord, other specimens were prepared as in

Gas Fermeability of Rubber-cord Material SOV/138-58-11-5/14
Figure 3, where a thread of cord material is bonded
between two rubber layers and protrudes through them
at the ends of the thread.
The permeability of the sample is determined by formula
(1) from pressure difference in a r4enometer connected to
the chamber below the sample which has area A and
thickness d . The specific permeability Q = P/d for a
sample of unit thickness is given in Eq (2), where
Pi - P2 is the pressure difference by the md1nometer on
concluoion of a test of duration H seconds at a1emperature
of T abs . Formula (3) gives the'quantity of gas
penetrating along a thread or capillary of area S
Figures 4 and 5 plot quantity of nitrogen gas diffusing
through natural rubber - viscose cord samples with the cord
impregnated with various latex impregnating mixes, and also
the quantity diffusing through plain film made from the
same latex compositions. Quantity is plotted against
pressure in PSWe 4 and against temperature in Figure 5.
The fact that the impregnated cord samples and the latex
film samples have similar curves, suggests that permeability
Card2/4 is determined primarily by the rubber covering layers and

Gas Permeability of Rubber-cord Material SOV/138-58-11-5/14
the layer of impregnating matekial. Table 1 shows the
influence on permeability of various polax additives to
films of latex compositions used for cord impregnation.
Table 2 - the influence of various impregnating compositions
on the permeability of natural rubber - viscose card specimens.
Permeability is sharply reduced by addition of casein or
resorcinal formaldehyde to the latex impregnant. Table 3
gives permeability of rubber-cord specimens with natural,
natural plus butyl and of chloroprene rubbers in conjunction
with cotton, viscose and with nylon cords in both impregnated
and unimpregnated conditions. Chloroprene rubber shows
very low permeability as compared with natural rubber.
The influence of the depth of impregnation into the cord
fabric and into individual threads from the cord is shown
in Table 4. Diffusion through the cord fabric in a directic-j
perpendicular to the fabric is influenced little by depth
of impregnation but permeation along the threads is strong1v
influenced by this factor. In the event of a puncture or
damage to the tyre, causing the ends of the cord threads tc
Card3/4

Gas Permeability of Rubber-cord Material SOV/138-58-11-5/14
be exposed, permeation along the threads could be
considerable if they are not deeply impregnated. Table 5
shows the quantity of as permeating along the threads
of rubber-cord sampleb made up with cords of cotton, of
viscose and of nylon material in both impregnated and
unimpregnated condition. There are 5 figures, 5 tables
and 13 references, 7 of which are Soviet, 5 English and
1 French.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-ii3sledovatellskiy institut shinnoy promy-
shlennosti (Research Institute for the Tyre Industry)
Card 4/4

IONOVA, T.V.; UZINA, R.Y.; BDGOWWVA, R.A-; KOGILIVSKIT, Ye.K.; ROGOVIN, Z.A.
jVfect of the chemical composition of reagents on the bond strength
between viscose cord thread and rubber. Te"t. prom. 18 no-8:35-37
Ag 158o (MIRA 11:10)
(Rayon) (Textile chemistry) (Tires, Rubber)

UZIN, Semen Vladimirovich; LIPETS, Yu.G., red.; KALKICS, B.N., mladshiy
reu,; DOGTIAC-I.I., tekhn.red.
[What the map does not show] 0 chem molchit karts. Moskva.
Goo.izd-vo geogr.lit-ry, 1959. 94 p. (MIFLA 12:8)
(Names, Geographical) I

AC~U..6: V.L., arb,rov, '-1,, F :teen' I
!

4 z4
ro~.
UQ=a-,L9Y-. P07.ner. ~oi;azllV 7,
I
V. To - I .
T~11~:. zprapar~uioa of IaLexds 01~~aimol by too Copalyz~rl.mtloa
of Butadleme ad - i-ez4yl-5-VinylyrIdi=e. on! -'-heir Una
for rm-
fi`Opoliior:[zatsijj~utaclIyv" a 2-metil-i-vizLilpiridinox
I prizenenlys 3i= d1ja propltki shl-go korda)
B~RILVICA.Lz laucbtxk L rosiza, 1959, !Ir 3, pp 6 - 9 (TISZR)
AN-3-RAZTs'Mie addition of copolymers Of butadiane mnd 2-=mthyl-5-
WillilpyrIdims, and &'-no of rripolyzars concl.4-Ir-g cf
butadione-sty mail, and Incritatits
strear.4 between the rubber &=4 the cord by 80
rite barA
to 100% Beg 5 - 8), The copolymari~tton ef t~Tmd.'*=a
(
&md d-matr,71-5-vinylpyridine van investigated a=4 the
otrtalzed lacexes were evaluated as I=qrv
%al;L-Ig agents.
"no two compounds were copolymarised at 41A 50 C. in
5
-a teats &&Its of syntharle fatty acids were used as
enulatfiers and "Laukanol" was added an stabillsor.
Pot&saiu2 persulphate ~as used as polymerisation talzlatcr
Card 1/4 and 0.01 to 0.005 .01j;bt/voluma of Trlloz B mr-tom, the

Proca a awas mrried O"t at 500C (Leopropylbezzaan irydrc-
38--OxIdsl we& "ad when tL. copoly~.ri~atlon prccoodaj at;
Q. Purthdralo:4, 0.001~', mothy-,-p-a "Rhe ~I-wftv 4da'd
ol
b~
m-
4 Poly=rlaalica La~ibit
6
a
or.
e
.
ts
n Za
lft 1 LzAicata
t:.- the addition of Ihe ia.~,' biror do** non affwv the
r&Z~ of CDpQIym%rAxaCicn . be L"Matima Man allowed %0
proteed (at both process temperatures) until a ',!. to t3~,,
converbion am& reached after 6 -a 12 bouxs~FIC,"" 1).
The umrsacted mono=arn sure separated from t!:* LAt*X by
vacuunt difitillation and 2- of Neozova D alded to tho
re" ared latex. -to effcr of -hd addition of ZiptvxLd
i
'
di
s.qrepyl xantLagan dLsulp!~114) on tLe hardness of
.
~
_Jymer was tested (Flelru 2). Bu-.h typez ~f the

,.wed good mactaolcal properties.
laz*x was
QLrd 2/4 fux-ther used for Impregnating v1sco" &ad polya=ds cords
-;6d on rmturale butadisaii
in ConSuactlaa with rubl; -ra 'Ca
(313) &ad with butadlendl-stYre-
Th. quantity of 2-=ethyl-5-vlzylpyridlz4 contained 10
the fazes effects the bond strength b6t-A t!" yl-oxft
card and the rubbers; (Viguria 3). -'th C
the bond is achieved when N=uta ltroae~ 0
for-~ ditr'yde regime
&XID added to the copolymer (Pigtlre 4). Improved physical
and malh-olcAl properties of the &dho"'ve fLIZ3 result
%hen 10% by weight of 2-m&thYl-5-v-YIPYr--lms are "'la'd
ns ef:&ct of varjous quantit!,os a! rvioroin-
(Tsbl& 2). T
ol-fo=aldshydo realms on the strength of b0adi=16 t-dt"*n
t1se Cord and the rubber was laves'.I.G.Lted (FLF-Imd 54t a
an& 0). Changes in the planticl-y or the poj7:::*r effect
the physical Mal mechanical .1 ~t- i I
riix and the bonding between thit cord and the rubtro.
sew.Lits of relevant experiwzt~ are shown IM ir~ TV
ItL* pby~jcel &a4 mechanical properties of the a4-001~*
proved and the stmngth of bonding '10 I=c-%AW.A
are is
Card 3/4 when lowerial; the poly=arisation temperature (Table I)-
Table 4 given the date on,the strength of boodi-1Z of
the wiscogi, zord with ~r,ous tyre rubberil. -`t- sitlv"Kth
of bonding van particularly S.,ti&factory %hen natural
rubber was used and when the latexua "r- P3IY=-r'-4
at 50C.
re are 7 figures, 4 tables and 10 rdforvnc-S r! -111 Al
am znglist' 6C-v3'6t-
A&~OCIA-'ICINI jI&'JC=0-iCSl.d0VaVQl'dkiy insttut morc~oro~ ally. IIK!
sauchao-iLsledovasollikly injt3.tU; Shinnoy prC=Y.]bI.hllo.tj;
VAQr.zyu=yy nau.La- -14~jodc outal, akly L1.6t it'4t sizLot -'lk-
vsk,o "U:bukk I Taro Slavvicly Chinon raV44
1114tt":1-0 for WCOQ63.4 for tie ULQ in j~yntg4tj,
iiraseir-b luaCr-u-to for

15(9) SOV/63-4-1-6/31
AUTHOR: Uzina, R~V-., Candidate of Chemical Sciences
TITLEt The Stability of the Bond in the Systems Fabric-Rubber and
Methods for Its Improvement (Prochnost' svyazi v s_~stemakh
tkani-rezina i puti yeye povysheniya)
PERIODICAL: Khimicheskaya nauka i promyshlennosti, 1959, Vol 4, Nr 1,
pp 42-49 (USSR)
ABSTRACTt The factors determining the stability of the bond between
rubber and fabric are the followingi thq nature of the ad-
hesive- its physi-cal-chemioal properties and the nature of the
glued surfaces~ The type of the emulsifier, the polymerization
temperature.... the length of the hydrocarbon chain of the polymer,
etc~.influence the stability of the bond between the impregnated
cord and the rubber.~ A latex polymerized from divinyl and
styrene at low temperature in the presence of salts of the paraf-
fin acids, like SKS-30ShKhP~ increases this stability. In the
USSIL carboxyl-containing latexes for the impre4nation of tire
cords have been synthesized ~_Ref 2, 3, 8; 11_/~ They are poly-
merization products of divinyly styrene and methacrylic acid,
Card 1/3 like SKS-30-1, or divinyl and methacrylic acid, like SKD-1~ The

SOV/63-4-1-6/31
The Stability of the Bond in the Systems Fabric-Rubber and Metilods for Its Im-
provement
introduction of protein substances into the latex increases the
stability on the interface cord-impregnated layer due to the
interaction of the polar amino-groups of the protein and the
hydroxyl groups of the cellulose. The addition of resins to
the adhesive increases the stability on the interface adhesive-
resin. Isocyanates enter into reactions with the hydroxyl
groups of cellulose as well as with the double bonds of the
rubber. The physical-mechanical properties of the latex films
are determined by the use of various emulsifiers and the re-
duction of the polymerization temperature; by an increase of
the polar groups in the latex; by the introduction of an active
filler. The smooth surface of synthetic fibers reduces the
stability, whereas the hairy cotton fibers increase it. In the
system cord-adhesive-rubber the principal destruction takes
place on the interface adhesive-rubber. A chemical bond must
be established on this interface. thereforeq either by using
adequate resins, like iso,,,yanate resin, or by introducing
various substances into the coating rubber and the impregnat-
ing compounds, which form the chemical bond during vulcaniza-
Card 2/3 tion. Caseine and hemoglobin are the principal protein additions

SOV163-4-1- 6/31
The Stability of the Bond -Ln -,he Syszems Fabric-Rubber and Yethods Its I=-
provement
to latexes Z_Ref 21, 22; 34_7. Recently latex-resorcin-formal-
dehyde dip_parsions are rep-acing the latex-protein dispersions
,~_Ref 39_/_ Latex-carbon black dispersions have been developed
recently containing also piotein and resorcin-.formaldehyde com-
ponents for the impregnation of viscose and cott)n cord.
Several polyisocyanates are used for impregnationt triphenyl.-
methane.-tr".isocyanate, hexamethylene-di'llsocyanate diisocyanate,
etc,. In the USSR a water-soluble resin "89" has been synthe-
sized. which is the condensation product of metapherylenediamine
and epiclhlorohydrinei The adhesisn of the high polymers is ex-
plained as due tr; molecular-chemical, electrical, and diffusion
factorra /'-Ref 44-46 7, Most investigators studying the systems
cord-adh esive-rubber adhere to the molecular-shemical theory
Z_Ref 2, 5, 6 15 7
. 7: 4 __/
There are 6 tables ` 8 graphs; and 49 refarences, 20 of which are
Soviet, 22 English 4 German, 1 American, 1 -wrench and 1 Japanese.
Card 3/3

UZKIY, K.I.
Using now modern construction elements In bousing con-
struction. Tranap.strol. 9 no-10:13-15 0 159.
(MMA 13:2)
1. Glavrory spetsialist Tokhnicheakogo upravlenipt.
(Precast concrete construction)

BOGUSLAV.9KIY, D. -, KUTSENOK, B.; UZIRA, R.; DOSTYA11, M.
Synthesis and use of carboxyl-contaiving latices for the
impregnation of tire corts. Report No.l. Kauch. i rez. 18
no.1:6-13 Ja '59. (MRA 12-1)
l.Vaesoyuzuyy nauchno-isaledovatelisicly institut sinteticheekogo
kauchuka imeni S.V. Lebedevai Nauchno-iseledovateltaki7 institut
shinnoy promyshle-anosti Taroslavski7 shinnyy savod.
(Tire fabrici) (Carboxyl group)

AUTHORSi Ionova, T. V. Uzina R T 5/183
P 2 /60/000/01/010/031
g*
XozilevskU re. V., Roj_zovln~- A.P B004/BO14
Begalovich, N. A.
TITLEs The Effect of the Composition of the Avivage on the Strength of
the Linkage Between Tire Cord e nd Rubber
PERIODICAL3 Xhisicheskip voloknat 19601 Nr 1, pp 50-31 (USSR)
TEXT# This paper in intended to explain the problem as to whether the appli-
cation of the avivage to tire cord strengthens the adhesion between the latter
and the rubber impregnation, or whether the avivage applied to the cord diffuses
through the impregnating film and changes the contact between the latter and the
rubber. The experiments were performed with a special viscose monofilament and
14V viscose cord. The fibers were treated with the avivages Nevvol and Arirol,
and a simultaneous experiment was conducted without an avivage. The specimens
were impregnated with latex albumin, and the strength of linkage of the
specimens with SKB rubber was determined from the loosening of fibers under
static and repeated compression. Table I shows that in the case of both
specimens (monofilament and cord) the linkage with the rubber is loosened by
avivage, especially in the case of Avirol. Next, the authors studied the
diffusion of Avirol prepared by sulfonation of butyl oleate with radioactive
Card 1/2

The Effect of the Composition of the Avivage on the s/1q/60/000/01/010/031
Strength of the Linkage Between Tire Cord and Rubber B004/BO14
sulfuric acid. The accompanying diagram of the measured radioactivity illustrates
that Avirol diffuses through the impregnating film (latex albumin or latex
resoreinol formaldehyde). There are 1 figure, 1 tablet and 5 referencest 3 of
which are Soviet.
ISSOCILTIONi VNIIV (vaesoyuznyy nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut
iskusetyennogo volokna. - All-Union Scientific Research Institute
for Synthetic Fibers) NIIS-h-P-TN-auchno-isaledovatellskiy institut
shinnoy promyshlennooti - Scientific Research Institute of the
Tire Industry)
Card 2/2

S/138/60/000/002/007/009
A051/AO29
AUTHORSt Uzina, R.V., Basin, V.Ye.
~~" MwO."a- \1-11 k If,
TITLEs A Study of the Nature of Destruction in Cord-.Adhesive-Rubber
Systems
PERIODICAL3 Kauchuk i Rezina? 1960, No. 2, pp. 28 - 35
TEXTs The authors point out two types of destruction which may oc-
cur in the cord-adhesive-rubber systemi 1) lamination at the interface be-
tween cord-adhiasive and adhesive-rubber, 2) destruction of the rubber, the
cord and the adhesive film. The present article deals with the first type
of destruction only. The work carried out by the authors in this connection
was directed at seleoting and perfecting a method for determining the lo-
cation of the destruction and at the study of the interface lines between
adhesive-cord and adhesive-rubber, using the usual methods. The types of
rubber, impregnation compositions and the cords used are listed In Table 1.
The method applied is fully outlined, whereby the luminescence analysis
method, described in References 1 - 3, was utilized. Cross-Bections of the
samples were studied under the microscope in order to determine the depth
Card 1/2

B/138/60/000/002/007./009
A051/AO29
A Study of the Nature of Destruction in Cord-Adhesive-Rubber Systems
of penetration of the rubber into the tissue. A number of microphotographs
are submitted. Each interface is discussed individually and supplemented
with the microphotographs taken. The adhesive film Is also discussed. It
was established that no destruction takes place along the cord-adhesive
interface in the system cord-adhesive rubber. It was shown that t)le main J
forms of lamination which take place in the cord-adhesive-rubber system arei_
a) the cohesive types along the adhesive film layer, b) the mixed types
with part of the adhesive migrating onto the rubber and part of the rubber
migrating to the cord, c) the adhesive types along the interface adhesive-
-rubber. Thereforeq the interface between the adhesive and the rubber and
also the adhesive film is considered as the weak part of the system. In
going over the results of the experiments, the authors state that the deriv-
ed conclusions are not unexpected, since most of the work carried out for
the strengthening of the rubber-cord system in the USSR was directed prima-
rily at this weak spot, i.e., the adhesive-rubber interface. There are 8
sets of microphotographs, 5 tables and 12 Soviet references~
ASSOCIATIONs Nauchno-isaledovatellskiy institut shinnoy promyshlennosti
(Scientific Research Institute of the T-r(j-lndus_tr
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83294
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A051/AO29
AUTHORS: Boguslavskiy, D.B.; Dostyan, M.S.; Uzina, R.V.
TITLE: The Application of Carboxyl-Containing Latexes in the Impregnation
of Tire Cord *~ Communication 2
PERIODICAL: Kauchuk i Rezina, 1959, No. IOP PP. 27 - 32
TEXT: Brief reference is made to the first of two articles, where the re-
sults of carboxyl-containing latex synthesis and the application of these latexes
to increasing the bond stability of rubber-fabric systems (Ref. 1) was discussed.
The importance of selecting the right dosage of resorein-formaldehyde resin In de-
veloping the composition of the impregnating materials was stressed, since the ad-
hesiveness and the physico-mechanical properties of the viscose cord depend on it.
Figure 1 shows that with an increase in the dosage of the resin in the latex the
bond strength of the rubber and the cord increases. The tensile strength and the
impact-resistance decreases with an increase in the non-uniformity of the cord re-
sistance. The optimum dosage which would guarantee sufficient adhesiveness of the
cord in carboxyl-containing latexes without noticeable changes in the physico-me-
chanical properties and in the fatigue stability was found to be 12 welght partsof
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The Application of Carboxyl-Containing Latexes in the Impregnation of I'lre
Communication 2
resorcin-formaldehyde resin to 100 weight parts of rubber. The effects of the pH
value, drying temperature and new impregnating compositions of the cord on the bDnd
stability of the rubber-cord and the tire quality were Investigated. Impregnating
com;psltions baspd on carboxyl-containing latexes of the divinyl-styrene'lUd d1vi-
nyl type were studied. Rubbers based on CkC-30A"(SKS-30AM)' natural rubber and
(SKB) were produced. The experimental conditions are outlined. The effect of the
pH value of the impregnating material could be regulated by adding potassium ITIdrex-
Ide to increase the pH to over 9, and by adding acetic acid for obtaining a pH value
less than 9. Figure 2 shows graphically the effect of the pH of the impregnating
composition on the bond stability of the cord and the rubber. When the pH is o,,vr 9
the adhesion of the cord to the rubbers made of natural rubber and butadiene-sty-
rene oil-filled rubbers decreases noticeably. Figure 3 shows that the physico-me-
chanical properties of the adhesive film drop with an increase in the alkalinity
of the medium. This is explained by the change in the condensation conditicns of
the resorcin-formaldehyde resin. This is also assumed to be one of the causes of
the decrease in the bond stability indices. Figure 5 shows that at low drying
temperature (100 - 11000 the impregnation of cord with carboxyl-containing la-
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A051/AO29
The Application of Carboxyl-Containing Latexes in the Impregnation of Tire Cord
Communication 2
texes has little effect. By increasing the temperature to 1700C the bond stabili-
ty of the cord and the rubber made of natural and synthetic rubber continuously
increases and at temperatures of 190 - 2000C it drops abruptly. This is assumed
to be due to the peculiarities of the interaction of the resorcin-formaldehyde
resin with the high polymers containing carboxyl groups in the molecular chain,
Table 2 lists the bond stability indices of the viscose cord with casing rubbers,
depending on the type of latex in the impreganting composition. The data proves
that by using the new latexes the bond stability of the cord-rubber increases in
static as well as repeated deformations. The extent of the stability of the cord-
rubber bond, where the cord is impregnated with different latexes, depends on the
type of polymer in the casing rubbers, which Is explained by the different compat- V~/
ibility of these polymers at the impregnated cord-rubber interface. Stand and
operation tests showed that the use of viscose cord in tires, which have been im-
pregnated with carboxyl-containing latexes, Increases the bond stability between
the tire elements and also increases the tire durability. The bond stability of
the cord-rubber, when carboxyl-containing latexes are used as the impregnating
material, depends to a great extent on the pH of the impregnating composition and
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The Application of Carborrl -Containing Latexes in the Impregnation of Tire Cord-
Communication 2
on the drying temperature of the impregnated cord. The use of t~g above-mention-
ed latexes instead of butadiene-styrene latex CK-301U(SKS-30Sh) or the impreg-
nation of the tire cord greatly increases the bond stability between the rubber
and the cord and increases the durability of the tire. The advantage of the di-
vinyl-carboxyl-containing latexes CRQ-1 (SKD-1)h9Ver divinyl-styrene CHC-30-1
(SKS-30-1) is proven. There are 6 graph-s-,-7 -tables and 12 references,, 9 Sovle*,'
3 English.
ASSOCIATION: Nauchno-issledovateltskiy institut shinnoy promyshlennostl i Yaro-
slavskiy shinnyy zavod (Scientific Research Institute of the Tire
Industry and Yaroslavl' Tire Plant)
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S/138/59/000/012/003/006
AUTHORSt Peyzner, A. B., Uzina, R. FejaSLL_N. A., Khazanovich, -L G.
TITLE: The Basic Factors Determining the Type of Divinyl-St-yrene
Latex in Tire Cord mpregnation
lj~
PERIODICALt Kauchuk i Rezina, 1959, No. 12, pp. 10-14
TEXTt The effect of the emulsifier, the polymerization depth, the
polymerization temperature, the plasticity of the polymer, the ratio of
divinyl and styrene in the polymerizing mixture on the strength of the bond
of the rubber-cord system in the polymerization of divinyl-styrene latexes
was studied. 1) The emulsifier: It was found that by replacing Nekal with
soaps of paraffinic acids and hydrated colophony the strength of the bond
system is increased significantly. This is explained by an increase in the
physico-mechanical properties of the adhesive film and by the intensity of
the intermolecular interaction at the adhesive-rubber interface (Ref. 7).
(Table 2). In switching over to low-temperature polymerization latexes
the stated advantages are retained. 2) The polymerization deptht The bond
strength of the impregnated cord decreasee in the case of divinyl-styrene
latexes of low-temperature polymerization at a conversion depth of 60%.
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The Basic Factors Determining the Type of Divinyl-Styrene Latex in Tire Cord
Impregnation
3) The polymerization temperature: It was found that the highest bond
stability was obtained at a temperature of 200C (Fig. 3). This is explained
by the combination of good elastic properties of the polymer at low-tem-
perature polymerization and a certain branching of the chains observed in a
switch-over'from 5 to 200C. At 200C the polymerization takes place more
rapidly, the 60% conversion depth is reached after 9 hours instead of
24 hours (Fig. 4)- 4) The polymer plasticityi With an increase in the
polymer plasticity the bond stability of the system and the physico-mechani-
cal properties of the adhesive film pass through their optimum value at a
Plasticity Of 0.15-0.25 according to Karrer (1,500-2,800 g hardness accor-
ding to Defoe) (Fig. 6). This is explained by the fact that the high
plasticity of the polymer ensures favorable conditions for molecule diffusion
from the adhesive into the rubber lining, but does not ensure the necessary
mechanical properties of the adhesive (Refe- 4P 9). A decrease in the
plasticity of the polymer raises the mechanical properties of the adhesive
and thus limits the mobility of moleculars and lowers their diffusibility
which leads to a decrease in the bond streAgth. A polymer with an average
plasticity (0-15-0.25 according to Karrer) ensures the best adhesion.
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The Basic Factors Determining the Type of Divinyl-Styrene Latex in Tire Cord
Impregnation
5) The styrene ring contents The presence of styrene in the divinyl-styrene
latex (over 30 weight parts) does not increase the strength of the adhesive-
rubber system. Fig. 7 shows that an increase in the styrene content in the
polymerizing hydrocarbon mixture increases the physico-mechanical properties
of the film adhesive; the stability of the bond between the impregnated
cord and the rubbers reaches its optimum value at 30 weight parts of styrene,
At a styrene content of more than 30 weight parts the adhesive hardness in-
creases. This brings about unfavorable conditions for the diffusion of the
adhesive polymer rings and for the polymer compatibility. 6) Selection of
the divinyl-styrene latex type for the impregnation of the tire cord,~ As a
result of the investigations conducted a specific latex is recommended for
this purpose. The -CKC-30wxnPKS-3OShKhP) divinyl-styrene latex was ob.
tained according to given specifications and was found to surpass the
CKC-30W (SKS-30Sh) latex both in the bond strength between the impregnated
cord and the rubbers and by the physico-mechanical properties of the
adhesive film (Table 3). The authors point out that by using the recommend-
ed latex the strength of the bond between the individual parts of the tire,
the durability of the tires in stationary tests and the roadability of the
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The Basic Factors Determining the Type of the Divinyl-Styrene Latex in Tire
Cord Impregnation
tire during performance is improved. There are 3 tables, 8 graphs,
10 references: 7 Soviet and 3 English.
ASSOCIATIONt Ysesoyuznyy Nauchno-issledovatellskiy Institut sintetiches-
kogo kauchuka im. S.V. Lebedevai Nauahno-iseledovatellskiy
institut shinnoy promyshlennocti (The All-Union
Research Institute of' Unthatio Rubber iM. LebeAev and
Scientific Research Institute of the Tire-Industry)
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s/iqo/60/002/0~6/r;,~'~/C,
BO I 5/B064
AUTHORSt Berlin, A. A., Uzina, R. V., 4hmurak, I. L.,
,p
TITLE: On Some Factors Influencing the Adhesion of Rubber ~~rj
Tissue Fiber, Steeped With Latex Albumin Mixturr-3
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyye soyedineniya, 1960, Vr,!.
Pp. 832-837
TEXTj The adhesive power between rubber and tissue is of special
importance in the production of tissue-reinforced rubber produ,,-~i~~ i~;
car tires, bands, assembly lines etc. To increase the adhesive pow.~z, 0~'q
ootton- or man-made fiber tissue is steeped with albumin '_5L'_er
mixtures in the USSR. A method of producing a water-soluble
of keratin (keratein) from industrial waste products was developed
Ref. 6) in the laboratoriya vysokomolokulyarnykh soyedinenly MTIhU4P
aboratory of Highmolecular Compound The waste- prodl,,~ts Ar-
R
treated with strong reduction-, or oxiaizing agents, with the 5-S
cystine bond of the keratin macromolecules being torn; thus, the water.
soluble keratein forms. Investigations carried out by the au4,,h,:,r!3 (R;~f 7;
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On Some Factors Influencing the Adhesion SliqV6010021006/00~,,"
of Rubber on the Tissue Fiber, Steeped With D015/B064
Latex Albumin Mixtures
showed already that keratin. is a complete substitute for ca3---:n
hitherto been used for the above-mentioned steep solutions. The
paper mentions some of the results obtained on the behavir'T of
and other latex albumin mixtures used for tisnue ateepinF. Tlio ;,o!i,'".
power of rubber on steeped tissue may be assumed to depend oil 0-.c-
of amino acids with polar side chains in the albumin molecule- Ir. ~hc
respect, keratin does not very much differ from casein and
(Table 1, values of adhesive power betweenCKE; - (SKB r_ I