SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT GELD, P.V. - GELD, P.V.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000514620001-2
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

137-58-6-12852
Effect of Manganese on Sulfur Corrosion of its Alloys With Iron
the authors by stating that Mn gradually accumulating in the interior layer of
the scale forms saturated phases of two types (Mn, Fe) S and (Fe, Mn) S,
which are characterized by ready permeability relative to the diffusion of
atoms of the metal and the metalloid.
P.S.
1. Iron-ffanganese alloys--Corrosion 2. Sulfur vapors--Corrosive effects
3. Corrosion--Temperat,,Lre factors
Card 2/2

137-58-6-13166
Translation from: llcferativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 6, p 283 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Gol'berg, A.I., Lipatova, V.A., Gel'(1, P.V.
TITLE Electrical Properties of "Lebowit N*tkj_richeskiye svoystva
leboital
PERIODICAL. Tr. Ural'skogo politekhn. in-ta, 1957, Nr 72. pp 252-254
ABSTRACT: An investigation of the relationship of Hall's constant Rx,
the resistivity ~ I and the thermoelectromotive force cy,', Wi-
the Lornposition of an Fe-Si alloy in the range 47-5976 Si at
room temperature. Sarnples were'prepared by smelting arnico-
Fe with technical (99.0%) Si. The melt was drawn into quartz
capillaries of 2-4 mm diam. The samples were annealed at
800'C during 10-1Z hrs or tempered at 10000 and quenched in
water. Hall e.m.f. measurements were carried on by the usual
method at a field intensity of 17,000-23,000 oersted. Measure-
ments of U relative to Cu were taken with contact-tempera-
ture differences of 1000. The values of Rx and Q are suffic-
iently large and change their sign in the range of 54-5516 Si.
which indicates semi-conductive properties of the alloys. With
Card 1/2 Si content fV50% vach of the three curves has a sharply

137-58-6-13166
Electrical Properties of "Lebowite"
defined inaximum corresponding to the FcSi2 compound. In general, the re-
sults of an examination of tempered samples are consistent with the results
obtained for annealed samples; only Rx which corresponds to hole-type con-
ductivity has little relation to composition. RX and q in this case are two
orders of magnitude smaller than in annealed samples. The high-tempera-
ture modification of "lebowite" is similar to metal in properties.
L.M.
1. Iron-silicon ailoys--Electrical properties
Card 2/2

SOV/ 137-58-7-14Z07
Translation from: Rcferativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 7, p 35 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Gelld, Petrushevskiy, M.S.
TITLE: Solubility of Carbon in Ferro-silico-manganese (Rastvorimost'
ugleroda v ferrosilikomargantse)
PERIODICAL: Tr. Ural'skogo politekhn. in-ta, 1957, Nr 7Z, pp Z55-Z58
ABSTRACT- The solubility of C at 14600C in synthetic alloys of the types
Fe-Si with up to 401/o [Sij and Mn-Si and Fe-Mn-Si with up to
5076 [Si ] . According to the data, the solubility of C in Fe- Mn
alloys increases linearly with the increase in their Mn content.
The empirical equations for the calculation of the coefficients
of C activity obtained on the basis of data for Fe-Mn-C,
Fe-Si-C, and Mn-Si-G alloys, namely,
logloyFe, Si= Fe. Si=Z15N +
C 0.214NMn, loglo'y C Si
+2.25N?-i and log Y Mn, S' = 0. 8N f4 5N z
S 10 C Si - Si
demonstrates that -y C is decreased fairly slightly by Mn and
Card 1/2 increased sharply by Si and that -y Mn, Si < Y Fe. Si. This
C C

SOV/ 1 37-58-7-14207
Solubility of Carbon in Ferro- silico-inanganese
is explained by the fact that Mn strengthens the C bonds ( onsiderably (snc e
E M n, C > E Fe. C. and that Si forms durable groupings with atom!: of Fe
and Mn. In quaternary alloys Fe-Nin-Si-G. o%vmg to the same i ause, *Y C
decreases with the substitution ol NAn for Fe: with an increase in S1 content,
the solubility of C decreases rapidly. The Solubility of C in these alloys in-
creases practically linearly with an increase it) Nin content. Therefore, it
is recommended that the C content in saturated four -compotient itielts be
determined according to the law governing inxing.
V. M.
1. Carbun--Solubility 2. ie's
Card 2/2

SOV/ 137-58-9-18659
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 9, P 71 (USSR)
AUTHORS: Yesin, O.A., Kholodov, A.I. Gel S.I.
TITLE: Electrochemical Refining and Alloying of Ferrous ?vletals (Elek-
trokhimicheskoye rafinirovaniye i legirovaniye chernykh
metallov)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Staleplavilln. proiz-vo, Moscow, Metal lu rgi zdat,
1958, pp 151-161
ABSTRACT: A description is offered of the results of experiments in
1948-1952 in the electrochemical refining and alloying of
metals. The laboratory experiments were run in a resistance
furnace with a Silit electrode and in a 50-kg high-frequency
furnace. Electrochemical refining of metal proved feasible.
The application of an external electrical fietcl to a metal-slag
system makes it possible to regulate the speed and complete-
ness of transfer of S from the metal into the stag. Pilot-plant
experiments at the Verkh-Isetsk Plant employed a D-C gener-
ator (1000 amps, 120 v). The metal was poured into a 300-kg
ladle. The results of the industrial experiments showed that
Card I/Z when an external electrical field was applied the removal of

SOV 1137-58-9- 18659
Electrochemical Refining and Alloying of Ferrous Metals
sulfur from the steel proceeds with considerably greater efficiency than
without electrolysis. Depending upon the initial composition of the metal
and the slag and upon the quantity thereof, the S content diminished by
0.020-0.0451o during the first 10 min. Simultaneously with the removal of S
from the metal, an increase in Si content was observed. Current efficiency
was from 20 to 96%. The experiments demonstrated the desirability of
further development of the method and of its introduction into industrial
practice.
L. K.
1. Ores--Processing 2. ~Ietals--Production 3. Iron alloys--Production
4. fletals--Electrochemistry
Card Z/Z

OBLID, P.V.
Role of the gas phase In reducing oxides by carbon. Trudy Inst.
khim. UTAN SSSR no.2-.7-44 058. (MIRA 12:12)
(Metallic oxides) (Reduction, Chemical)

YIBSIN, Yu.. 0.; GILID, P.V.
Reduction of zinc oxide
no.2:63-79 158.
(Zinc) (Carbon)
by carbon. Trudy Inst. khim. UFAII SSSR
(MIRA 12:22)

MATVEYIINO, 1.~.; GILID, P.V.
Mechanism of the reduction of calcium oxide b7 aluminum.
Trud7 Inst. khim. UFAN SSSR no.2:133-142 '58.
(WRA 12:12)
(Calcium) (AluminotheroV)

A UT I I Or-, 3 Gr--Ild, P. V., Byabov, R. A,
. . ...... .II.........I
TITLE: The Influence Exerted by the Austenite Transformation
on the Rate of Penetration of Ilydro,--en in Steel (Vliyiniye
austenitnogo prevrazl- 'cheniya na ;korostl proniVnoveniya
vodoroda v stall)
PERIODIC.A.L: Nauchnyyo doklady vysshey Metallur6iya, 1956,
I
N
r 71, PP 189 - 195 (USSR)
ADSTRACT: The rate of the penetration of hydroGen in steel was
carefully invostiCated. It is rhown that the rate of
the penetration of hydrogen de~)ends or, the cha.,.C.;e of
the structure of the steel samples. At temperatures
of 400 - 8000C an intense decomposition of austenite
takes place in the steel alloy 341WC; at the same time
the diffusion rate of hydrogen corsi_lerably increases and
the activation encr,,-y drops to E,,= 18 500 cal/mol H 2*
The influence of the temperature on the r,.te of pene-
tration of hydro,.,,en in the steel alloy34KhNZK -.7as found
at 66o - 9500. All structural chanr"es in t:.e steel samples
Card 1/2 were accompanied by the chance in r,~.te of penetration

The influence Exerted by the Austenite Tracfor..-,ation SOV/1 63- 506-3-51/49
on the Rate of Penetration of Hydrot:en in Steel
and the chnnge of the activation ener;.-y of hydrogen.
In dependence on the processing conditions at higher
temperatures different phase diao;rams occur which
influcnce the 6as saturation of t`ie steel samples.
T',.ere are 4 figum-; and 8 refererim-,, 6 of ,Y'hich are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION. Ur!-,Ilv,;,Iy politekhniccheskiy in-stitut (Ural Polytechnical
Institute)
SUBMITTED: Decamber 3o, 1957
Card 2/2

AUTHORS- Alyamovskiy, S. I., Shveykin, G. P., Gelld, P. V.
TITLE: On Low Nioblum Oxides (0 nizshJkh okislakh niobiya)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal neorganicheskoy khimii, 1958, Vol 3, Nr 11, pp 2437-2444
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: Experiments were carried out on the possibility of the existence
of low niobium oxides. Most p,.re r1obium and oxides produced
from it by means of an annealfng of the metal at 600-9000C
served as initial materialr. The following preparations were
used: 11b205P Nb204,~ NbO 2' jib 203' "304' NbO, Nb 20'
The X-ray structure investigations of the phases of the system
Nb-0 produced by the reduction t~f Nb 205-Nb-mixtures at a ratio
of Nb : Nb 205 ' 3 : 1 were oarried out at 12000, 15800, and
16500C. The results showed that the following phases exist at
the temperatures investigated; Nb 205F NbO,, NbO,and Nb. The
phase NbO with the lattice constant a - 4430 X-t, is not
produced in the system M-O. It was found that a phase with
Card 1/2 complex rody-centered c,jhic lattice with the lattice constant

On Low Nlobium Oxides
SU/78-31-11-2/23;
a - 4201,3 X.U. exints tit thn ol,i4librium between the metal
and the oxJJpq,, The low oxidon Nb2 0, Nb40, Nb307) Nb30 51 Nb 20
and 11b304do not exl:it In ths, case of an interaction between
nioblum oxlie and tnd in *Vht~ presen-.e of carbor.
Tber- ;iri 2 figur-, I tribltn, and 24 references, 5 of which
are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: Ootobex 24, 1957
Card 212

8(0)
ATITHORSi
TITLE:
PERIODICAL-
Gelid? 11. V., Yra-vovokaya, A. SO -1116 3-58-4-1/47
Effnct of the Curvature of Surface on the heaction Diffusion
(VI-*..Yaniy--- krivIzwj priv&rkhnost., na reaktsionnuyu diffuziyu)
Ha-uchnyye doklady vys3hij shkoly. Metallurgiya, 1958,
Nr 4, PI) 5-1; (USSR)
ABSTRACT: When irri6stjeating the pr,~eesq of reaction diffusion it is often
asnumed that the factorn of (1--'ffusion are constant within the
rarges (,f one-phase strata of reaction products and that the
ratio of the fl,)we ~,f the reagents may I:e e-,taluated by the
.hickneau .)f the inner und ot.tez- 1-,)wer strata. Such assertions
are not alwhys r,,)rrect and they nay be the cause for wrong
r,onciusior.F. The pe::uliari ties of interaction caused
Oy the surfare cjrvature .,f 9clid reagents may serve as an
.11ustration. The corrou-ion. pro,~.ess at high temperature was
choser. ftr an aralysis. At first, the kinetic properties
appea:'ng at the oxidation of a metallic specimen of regular
anapel o. g. spherical shape, are investigated. The formulae (2)
and (4) are derived, fr~~m whl-h J-t 4-s to be seen that the
d--stribution of the oon-pntration III in the stratum of the
Card. 1113 reaction proa-,~ct depends sl,~batantially -ipon the curvature of the

Effert of the C1;rvat*jre )f Surface on the So',//' 6 3-58-4- 114 7
Diffuq.~"n
,raturr. By compar-*,ng the formuiae (4) and (5) we can 3ee thatv
..n sphpr~.~!Fi! stratz., the s.*nter -'s enriched by a metalloid
aga-I-rnt the c~rrenp~-.)ndirg plari? -,ijnter. On corroding of
11 p C-. -a -~ na
G'Ve,~y coatings enriched
Ly f,3rm throigh thin whole width. On the contrary, in
the "f regatJvely br)jndarj -arfaces, a reduction of
mr-tall-)Id -ontc:nks of the sinter Is to be expected, as well as
of I.tr. t~) tht.- stoichiametric
i. %:. a dim~n--jt!,~,n rf th-~ conccmtration of
and thr~r,~,fore r, of the factors of
or the reagentn. It is sh,)wn that D M and D Me do not
n! y depend or tempr-ratu-re, +--*--ne, anJ the coordinates of the
a,...~o on 'be -urvat-A-~'P of the sinter.
1~ Is f-,7.rth,~r ohown thnt rv~-'. only D ani D but also the ratio
M Mt.
D M.- /DM -var~~.s w-'!t*-, chang...ng ,~urvatlure. The truth of this
'Jy trsting the --ulfide corrosion of iron.
Eptwe,?n the surfao-,, c-urvature and the
Ca--,:'. V3 of -vcl*ui~eE! of the f.,ute-- And inner lower strata(v1tv 2)

Effect of the Curvatur(., of Surface or. thl~- R-.-aritir- SOY/i 6 "'-513-4- 1/47
Di f f -jo-lon
was ascertained. The mean content of sulfur in the outer lower
stratum of concave sinter was found to be higher by about 1%
than that of plare sinter under equivalent conditions.
S - sulfur. The apparent reasons for the increase of D S at
growfnq nonstoichio-metrc ratJos of the sulfide
coat-~*ng are indicated. 1nasnuch as the energy barrier layers,
due ti the displacement of the big sulfur atoms, are larger as
compared 7;-ith the displacement of iron ions, the factors
t4
..nj.- the loosening of the crystal lattice and the
uggravat-lon of the part perforned by the homeopolar bonds are
bound to facilitate the diffusion of sulfur atoms to a higher
extent than iron ions. In this connection, the vacancies that
stand in mutual action with each other are particularly
effe~-tive. There are 4 figures and '11 references, 9 of which
are Scviet.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy po-litekhnichoskiy institut (Urals Polytechnic Institute)
SUBMITTEDt March 1, '1958
Card 3/3

AUTHORS: Ryabovp R,A.# Gelld, P.V. 32-3-19/52
m~
TITLE: The Determination of the Diffusion Velocity of Rldrogem In metal$
(0yre&l*n1ye akoroati diffusli vodoroda v meta"Ork)
FERIODICALs Zavodaimys labomtorlya,, 1958, Vol. 24, Mr 3, pp. 306-308 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs The device Into which the maple to be investigated is placed has
a conical opening into which the neck of the sample fitB exactly;
it is filled up with lead so that it Is hermetically closed. The
middle part is heated, whereas the two ends are cooled with water.
Hydrogen Is fed through the vacuum conduction. For the purpose of
measuring pressure changes (diffusion) a Mak-Leod manometer is
used. The test sample Itself Is of a particular cone-like shape;
the narrow part contains the capillary through which hydrogen
diffuses. Before being measured the samples are investigated in
order to find out whether larger pares and/or carbon inclusions
exist. Diffusion velocity Is calculated according to a formula the
derivation of which in given. By means of the device described the
number of iron alloys with carbon, chromium, silicon etc., as w911
Card 1/2 as constructional steals are investigated. From the results

The Determination of the Diffuslon Velocity of 32-3-19/52
Hydrogen In Netals
mentioned it my be seen that the diffusion velocity In alloyed
steels obeys the law of the square root of hydrogen pressure at
low as well as at high temperatures. There are 3 figures, and
8 references, 3 of uhich are Slavic,
ASSOCIATION: Ural Polytechnic Institute imeni Kirov (Urallskiy
politekhnicheekly Institut im. Korova)
AVAILABLF: LlbrM of Conpess
1. Iron alloys 2. Hydrogen-Diffusion-Velocity
Card 2/2

GEL ID __prof.: SEMONNIKOV, N.H., lnzh.: KORSIfUlJDV, V.A.. lnzh.
Nalon hmat of sillci~fts. Izv. v7n. lichob. zav.-. chnrn. not.
no.7:51-62 Jl 158. (14iltA 11:10)
1. Ural'Rkiy politakhnichnskiy institut.
(Silicides-Thermal propertieg) (2kirmoch(smintry)

RTABOV, R.A.. dote.. kand.tekhn.vauk: GELID. P.V., prof., doktor tekhn.vauk
Iffect of te"rature and pressure on hydrogen diffusion in stools
end iron-been binary alloys. I1T.vYs.uch9b.z&v.; chern.wet. n0-9:103-113
S 158- (MIRA Ilill)
I.-Uraltokly politekhnichookly Institut.
(Iron alloys--Metallography) (Gases In metals)
(Metals, Sffect of temperature on)

Y3SIN, Yu.O.; GELID, P.V.
Reeftff"'Igrilnc oxide b7 carbon. Zhur. prikI. khin- 31
no.7:986-995 J1 158. (MIR& 11:9)
(Zinc oxide) (Carbon) (Reduction, Chemical)

TICSIN, Tu,OjkL,G1L'Dq P.V.
Direct reduction of chromium oxide. Zhur. prikl. kh1m. 31 no.9;
1285-1293 5 '58o (MIRA 111-10)
(Chromium oxides) (Reduction, Chemical)

Semenova, A. K., Gel'd P V. 76-32-5-2,-/47
TITLE: ThqEffect of Chromium on the Sulfide Corrosion of Its Iron
Alloys (Vliyaniye khroma na sullfidnuyu korroziy-u yego oplav-
ov a zhele7-om)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1958, Vol. 32, Nr 5, PP- 1087-
-1094 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The influence of chromium on the oxidation kinetics of its
iron alloys in sulfur vapors as well as the structural proper-
ties of the tinder formed on this occasion were investigated.
From the experimental part can be seen that alloys with from
0 to 19 .2% chromium were investigated which were melted in
Shteynberg-Gramolin furnaces under the assistance by A. I.
Pastukhov. The tests were carried out in a specially construci-
ed vessel while the thermo e.m.f. was measured according
to the method by G. D. Fedorov. The determinations of the ve-
locity of corrosion took place at 500, 6oo, 7oo and 8ooOC
with different heating times. It was observed that the cor-
ros-ion velocity decre.ases with the temperature drop and the
increase of the chromium content, with also a decrease of the
tinder layer having been observed. A atron er effect of chro-
g
Card 1/3 mium was noticed onlytD a content of 4-12%
, so that, for in-

Thq Effect of Chromium on the Sulfide Corrosion of Its Iron 76-32-5-22/47
Alloys
stance, with additions of 12-17% chromium the corrosion re-
sistance increases to the lo-2o-fold. The x-ray structural
and chemicul investigations showed that the tinder consists
of two different layers the thickness of which changes with
the chromium content, with the alromium accumulating in the
inner layer and with apinels h"ving been found present. In
determinations of the thermo e.m.f. it was observed that the
inner layer has a greater activation energy which points at
an energetic complicatedness in the charge transfer by the
impinging of chromium ions. In evaluating the results the
analogy of the oxidation with oxygen and sulfur is stressed,
reasoned in detail and explained, and among othersit is
mentioned that the principle of heat resistance according
to V. I, Arkharov (Ref 15) ciin also be extended to the sul-
fide corrosion, and that the corrosion resistance of the form-
ation velocity of the spinel protective layer is dependent
on a normal lattice parameter~There are 4 fig-ures, 2 tables,
and 15 references, 11 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy politekhnicheskiy institut im. S. M. Kirova,Sverdlovs
Card 2/3

AUTHORS: Gelld, 11. V ruchevokiy, M. S. j0V/ 2o-12o-1-39/63
TITLE: The Solubility of Carbon in Forrosilicomanianene (Rastvorimost'
uggleroda v ferrosilikomargantse)
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1950, Vol- 12o, N'r 1,
PP. 144 - 147 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Systematic details on the solubility of C in alloys Mn-Si-C
and Yn-Si-Fe-C (References 1-3) are not available in technical
publications. The authors therefore investigated the solubility
Mn- 0 .
of C in synthetic alloys Fe-. Si at 146o As seen fror. the
graphs (F'gures 1-4) the replacement of iron by manganese (si-
milar to the system Mn-Fe-C) leads to a linear increase of car-
bon solubility. Determination of the carbon content in saturated
4-component me-lting can be carried out according to the rule of
mixtures: = EF e3 LC3Fe,Si LMnj N14n , S i
[C]Mn,Fe,Si - + --TF-01
Mnj + CLIn
LF!q + L
where1CJMn,Fe,Si'E'jFe,Si' C'jUn,Si are the solubility fij;ures
Card 1/2 of carbon in the alloys concerned, which are distinguished by

The Solubility of Carbon in FOrrosilicoman',.-anene jOy2o-12o-1-39/63
the silicon concentration prescribed. The results of the exami-
nation of the 4-fold alloys are described in fi,7ure 4. The
raph was constructed on the assumption that [Fel + Cinj +[Si)
10o%. From this as well as from figure 2 it m"Y be seen that
carbon solubility decreases rapidly when the silicon content
is increased. Apparently the concentration rise of manganese
causes under the existing conditions a tighter linkage of the
carbon atoms with the metal which means that the activity coeffi-
cient is reduced the more the manganese content in the alloy
increases. There are 4 figures and 4 references, 2 of which are
Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheakiy institut im. S. M. Kirova (Ural Poly-
technic Institute imeni S. M. Kirov)
PRESENTED: September 6, 1957, by S. 1. Vollfkovich, Member, Academy of
Sciences, USSR
SUBMITTED: September 6, 1957
1. Carbon--Solubility 2. Iron-manganese-silicon alloys--
Card 2/2 Solvent action

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GELID) P. V.
with Gertman, Yu. M., "The tbarmochomiatr7 of the solid and liquid allicides of YA."
I
with KUSEMCO, F. G. "The thermochemistry of the Oxidee and carbidee of Nb."
I
with Matveyenko, I. I. and Alyamovskly, S. I., "Kinattka voestanovleniya pyntickiai
vawdlya vodorodom."
with Matveyenko, 1. 1. and "movsk-ly, S. I., Ttochnenlye oblasti Oprimenimoeti
printsips. pooledovatelynosti prevrasheniy akad. A. A. Beykovs."
with Serebrennikov, N. N. and &vntels, R. P., "Untanovka d1ya iselekovaniya
teplosoderzhantya tverdykh i zhidkikh oplavov.
reports submitted for the 5th Physical Chemical Conference on Steel Production,
Moscow, 30 Jium 1959.
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WOW8011.

SUV/1807~9-1-8/29
AUTHORS: Gelld P Ve and Shveykin, G.P. (Sverdlovsk)
TITLE: Some Peculiarities of the Carbon-Thermic Reduction of
Niobium Pentoxide (Nekotoryye osobennosti ugletermiches-
kogo vosstanovleniya pyatiokisi niobiya)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh
nauk, Metallurgiya I toplivo, 1959, Nr 1, pp 1~~1+9 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: It has been shown (Refs 1,2) that the direct production of
niobium by reaction of the pentoxide with carbon is not
suitable technically. A better method, probably2 is to
cause the pentoxide to react with carbon to give the
carbide which is then heated with a further portion of
pentoxide to give the metal. To provide technically
useful Information on the latter reactions the authors
have studied the reaction kinetics, The Nb 05, of 97-1+
99.8% purity, was prepared in various ways Mble 1),
the monoxide and dioxides were prepared by -iacuum fusion
of pentoxide-carbide mixture. The carbon was in the form
of acetylene black, graphite, coaltar pitch and its
coking pioducts, The reagents were mixed, finely ground,
pressed into briquettes and h,&atgd in vacuum with
Card 1/3 continuous weighing. Considerable differences were

30V/,18'~-59-1-8/29
Some Peculiarities of the Carbon-Thermic ReduCtion of Niobium
Pentoxide
found in the percent reduction vs. time (min) curves
(Fig 1.) for tha VaTIOUS preparations of Nb 05, previous
heat treatment being an import-ant factor since it alters
the phase composition (as confirmed by an X-ray struc-
tural investigation carried out by S.I. Alyamovskiy).
The T-phase, stable telow 9000C, was found to be the most
reactive as shown by the percent raduction vs. time (min)
curves in Fig 2,, of which u.-T-vas 11. and 12 correspond to
niobium-.hydroxide calcining temperatures of 550 and 5300C
respectively.. 1~1 and 11t to 8000C, 15 and 16 to 9000C9
17, 18 and 1~ to 10000C and 20 to 12000C. The curves
show that the attainment of the NbO2_ stage does not
correspond to slower reaction, and the authors attribute
this to the disruption of grains in the first stage. The
reduction proeaeded rapidly at a pressure of 10-IMM Hg2
and even at 3-4 mm Hg. The presence of small amounts of
potassium salts greatly ac~:elerated the reduction7 as did
the use of a more finely divided reducing agent (Fig 4).
EXaminations were cayried out on partially-reduced
productsg only Nb~O,;' NbO_-, and NbCx (x *-- 0.86 - 0.89)
Card 2/3 '_)
were found aftev redictien, at 1.050-12500C, similar

0" G,;,/180...59.-l--8/29
Some Peculiarities of the Carbon-Thermi: Reduction of Niobium
Pentoxide
The
Card 3/3
SUBMITTED:
conclusicns, being reached from other experiments,
authors recommend the techni~,-al adcption of a process in
which the first stage is the prcduction of a dioxide-
carbide mixture from the low-temperature modification of
Nb205 rather than the intermediate-carbide process. The
reaction of a synthetic carbide (11.4% C) with oxide
was found to be very slow below le'-50OCi on raising the
temperature to 1350, 1500 and 16000C successive stages of
reduction are reached (Fig Further ests showed that
at 1750-18000C and a pressure of 5 x 10 mm Hg, 98.8 -
99.84 Nb w~nge c-;,..L'Ld be obtained by direct reduction of
Nb-O ith altar pitch, ft~~m an oxids-earbida mixture
or b~ "'edu-c;t:ior. of' Nb'2~05 Wit;l'
2 r -the highest carbide of
niobium. The ad-qantages of the second method were con-
firmed in larger-scale (up t*.-) 3 kg of niobi-am) experiments.
There are 5 figures, 3 tatles and 11 referen--es, 9 of
which are Soviet, 1 English and 1 Ge,-man.
June 30, 1952

AUTTIORSt Petrushovakiy, M.S. and Gelld, P.V. ISOV/80-59-1-14/44

TITLE: Equilibrium of Carbon With Liquid Alloys of Fe, tin, S, C
ORavnoveoiye ugleroda a zhidkimi splavami Fe, Aln, Si, (;~
P-1210DICAL: Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, 1959, Nr 1, pp 66-95 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present inventigation was to determine the
solubIlity of carbon in manganese and its alloys with iron
and silicon at a temperature of 1,40600C. As materials for
experimenting were used armco-iron electrolytic manganese
and commercial silicon (^098.5!'~', Si~- The following -systems
were investigateds Fe - Si - C; Mn - Si - C; Fe - Un - C,
and Fe - Mn - Si - C. The results obtained led to the con-
clusionst 1. It was established for the binary alloys Fe,
Si and Mn, Si that at 1*4600C the coefficient of carbon ac-
tivity increases with the rise of-silicon concentration, and
the rate of increase is higher in the former system. In the
alloys of Mn, Fe an increase,in manganese concentration leads
to an insignificant lowering of this coefficient,
, 2.
The study of carbon solubility in alloys Fe, Mn, as sbo-,;-n
J,
that also in this case the carbon activity coefficient rises
with the increase in silicon concentration. The substitution
of Fe with Mn leads practically to the linear decrease of thin
coefficient. 3. These relationships a~e explained by that
Card 112 the binding energy of silicon with iron is higher than that

ia 0 f F, C
uili~)riufu of ULrluon ';:it`i idciuit;
narv,,,ancoe, .,hi2e -or carbcn t' 2r,:-iurse i3 c,-ze. It
j t h, r:
r n e d0 t*,!:It tj:, urived can be
av,.,roxiwatcly desoribu,,,' V the followin- .-rom the
theory c-f strictly rc~.-,ular soluticno.
'::ie.-e -are 0 rrtrhs .-r,.i I,, reforci--,ea, of -;;%ich are Scvict,
6 American, 1 Cervian wid 1 J:.pane3e.
T~ ~:'T Er DI.ay 21, 1n/57
Curd 2/2

501711 0-5r,'-2- I U/24
A U C R S %yatov, R.A., Candidate of Technical Sciences, and 3elld~
t-.V., Professor, Doctor of -'iienccs
Tl'-'-' The Effect of Alloying Elements or Hydrogcn
Steeiv and Iron-Basie Binary Alloys (Vliyaniy(. 'IeL"Ir"qu-
ahchikh elementov na vodorodopronitsayemost'
narnykh splavov na asnove zheleza)
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya v;rsshikh uc)iebnykh zavedenly, Cherni.;,', 11
AIr 2, pl, 87-92 R
ciya, 1959, J 5! )
A B:, T RA CT: In order to c am 1, 1 e t e rix i - e r i :r, c:n t.: o r I I
out for tklf~ C." the effoct of
chrotrium, :ranU:.Ltnej,.,, and nickel on hydroi;en
ability of steela and iror-basicl' Linary alloys... Data ir;'O-
taircd were enmpred with reaultz of investi-c-aticti-,
out !),,r A.A. Slinharbakova, P.L. Cruzin, Y.K. Kritnkaya,
G.V. KU14PUMP T.I. Stelletskayn, and 7.A. III ina. 7ne
experiments proved that the majority of admixturen
C, Si, Cr, Vn and possibly Al), consiaerably reduc-el ",.r
hydrogen diffusion rate. On the on,- huld the
rd 1/3

SOV/14-c-,~)- '-10/24
The,M"oct of Alloying Element.,i on Hydrogen Permeability of Steel.I and
Iron-Basis Binary Alloys
caused changes of' A"toarfttlf interactions in the ferrite
lattice and the local dietortions of the vnerey spectrum of
electrons; on the other hand distortion of the crystalline
lattice, changes of inter-atomic spaces and of interstitial
space dimensions took place. Carbon had a retarding effect
on hydrogen diffusion, reducing the solubility and transiti,..
possibilities of hydrogen. Chromium strenCthened inter-
particle bonds * Silicon caused considerable static distortion
of the lattice and of the energy spectrum of electrons.
Increased hydrogen permeability, observed in steel with Nb-
and Ti admixtures, was caused by decarbonizaticii an! not by
the effect of the admixtures on the ferrite lattice. The
alloying element had a negative effect on h~rdrcgen perme-
Card ability if, after having bound the carbon, it formpd cart of

SOV1146-59-2-10/24
The Effect of Alloying Llements on Hydrogen Permeability of Steels %n~
Iron-Rasis Binary Alloys
the solid solution. It was confirmed that in the investi-
gated process the part of inter-granular hydro6ori migration
was unimportant and that diffusion cnaracterioticq were m-iin-
ly Jetermined by the transcrystalline hydroCen flow. The
author presents graphs showing the dependence of hydrojen
permeability on different admixtures.
There are 9 graphs and 27 references, 21 of which are ~;oviet,
4 German and 2 English
ASSOCIATION: Urallakiy politekhnicheskiy inatitut (Ural Polytechnical
Institute),, Kafedm fiziki (Chair of Physics)
SURNMED: jum 25.. 1958
Card 3/3

HAWNYINK0, I.I., inzh.; GELID, F.J.#. prof.; ALYAPOVSKIT, S.I., inzh.
Reduction kinetics of vanadium pentoxide by hydrogen..
Izv. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern. met. 2 no.4:13-21 Ap '59.
(MIRA 12:8)
1.Ural'skly politekhnicheskiy institut i Ural'skiy filial Akademli
nauk SSSR.
(Vanadium-Metallurgy) (Oxidation-reduction reaction)

GIRTMAN, Tu.M., inzh.; GILID, P.T.. doktor takhu.nauk prof.
Thermochemistry of sillcomaganese. Izv.vys.uch9b.z&v.: chern.
not. 2 no.9:15-27 S '59. (MIRA 13:4)
1. Urallskly polltekhnichestly InstItut. Rokomendovano kafedroy
flulki UrallskiDgo politekhatcheskogo instituta.
(Thermochemisty) (Silicon alloys) (Yanganere alloys)

18(6) SOV/78-4-5-27/46
AUTHORS: Kocherovj P. V.t Gertman, Yu. M., Gol-ld, P. V.
TITLE: The Formation Heat of the Allcys of Calcium With Aluminum
(Teploty obrazovaniya splavov kalltniya a alyuminiyem)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal neorganicheskoy khimil, 1959, Vol 4, Nr 59
pp 1106_1112 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The formation heat of the pure intermetallic compcunds of
calcium with aluminum (CaAl2 and CaAl 4) ~Ia:; calculated.
The alloy was produced from the purest eiectrolytic twice
distilled calcium and electrolytic aluminum. Velting of the
components took place in ihe purest argon atmosphere. By
means of radiostructural and metallographical investigations
the composition of the alloy was determined and the results
are shown by table 1. DetermlLfttion of the fermation heat
of the alloys was carried out by mears :,f ar, ordinary iso-
thermal calorimeter, viz. by the rethoa as
follows: Firat the combustion hoat r4f the u'loy, and then
Card 1/4

SOY/73-4-5 -27/46
The Formation Heat of the Alloys of Calcium With Alumin-am
the equivalent combustion heat after compojition of the mechani-
cal mixtures of calcium and alluminum wa3 inveatigated. From
the differenoe betweon the average values the formation heat
of the ruspectivi alloy was c&lculatod. The accuracy of the
inethed Is i .0 - ' .5) kcal/g -ett. The combuotion me;hod, the
oxidation heat of the purest ma~als, as well an the six
alloys and their coxr9sponding mechanical mixtures were in-
vestigated. The results obtaLied by calorimetric determina-
tiorn carried out by the comt-asilan method are shown by table 2.
The combantion *.1ea-v :)f the all-,ya and the mechanical mixtures
of calcium and aluminum aro shown by fijure 3. For A HAI 2 03
.. 399 kcal/g-mol A1203was found. This value agrees well with
data found in publications; A HA_120 3 - _- 400-+,.-.0 kcal/g-mol
Al2036 The dissolution heat of calcium and aluminum and of
Card 2/4 their alloys in 5 n hydrochloric acid was investigated. The

SOY/78-4--5--27/46
The Formation Heat of the Alloys of Calcium With Aluminum
results obtained are shown by table 3 and figure 4. Figure 5
is a graphical representation of the formation heats of
calcium- and aluminum alloys of various composition accord-
ing to the combustion- and dissolution method. The experimen-
tally obtained values agree well with those found in pub-
lications. The following values were found for the formation
heat of the intermetallic compounds CaA1 2 and CaAl4
H22-5 . _ 17-5 1-5 kcal/g-at and
CaAl 2 ~+
A H22150 _ -10.3 + 1.0 kcal/g--at.
Ca 1 4
There are 5 figures: 3 tables, and 113 references, 2 of which
are Soviet.
Card 3/4
42-

18(3), 24(6) SOV/170-59-6-13/20
AUTHORSs Gelld, P.V., Ryabov, R.A.
TITLE: Effect of Carbon on Hydrogen Diffusion in Steel
PERIODICAL% Inzhenerno-fizicheakiy zhurnal, 1959, Nr 6, pp 88-90 (USSR)
ABSTRACTs Experimental data obtained previously by the authors ZR-efs 1, 27
indicate that the constant of permeability and the coefficient of
diffusion of hydrogen in carbon steels decrease rapidly with an
increase in carbon content. In the present paper the authors
compare these experimental data with an equation of generalized
permeability derived by Odelevakiy Ref . However, the use of
his equation, Formula 4 in the text, necessitates the knowledge of
permeability of cementite as well as that of ferrite. As the
characteristics of cementite are not yet available, only relative
permeabilities of steels were compared instead of absolute ones.
'The results are presented in Figure I in which the values of
relative permeability Y were plotted versus the volume concentra-
tions of ferrite. The results of measurements agree with
Card 1/2 Odelevskiy's formula under assumption that the permeability of

Effect of Carbon on Hydrogen Diffusion in Steel SOV/170-59-6-13/'20
cementite amounts to 4 or 5% of that for ferrite. The relation-
ship found is characteriatical only for the hydrogen permeability
through steels of a definite structure, namely those containing
lamellar perlite.
There aret 1 graph and 3 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy politekhnicheskiy institut im. S.M. Kirova (Ural Poly-
technical Institute imeni S.M. Kirov), Sverdlovsk.
Card 2/2

2L[O), 24(2), 18(3) SOV/126-7-2-37/39
AU-THORS: Golldber6, A. I., Lipatova, I.I. A. and Gel'd, F. V.
The Effect of Decomposition of Leboite on Electrical
Properties of Iron-Silicon (Vliyaniye raspada
leboita na elektricheskiye ovoi,stva splavov zheleza s
kremniyem)
PERIODICAL: Fizika Metallov i Metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 7, Nr 2,
PP 316-317 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Leboite and disilicides of ct-,romium and manganese
exhibit semiconducting properties (Refs 1-6). These
properties, in conjunction wLth their lo-i; thermal
conductivity (Refs 3,7), give irriterest to
these materials. For this t,-e istudied
the effect of composition on thet!-~er~aoelectric I~uaer,
-the Hall constant and eleC4 Uricul or_~nduct'61.-Itj- of FeSi-Si
alloys. Measurements were car:-ied f)ut at roozi temperature
on cast cylindrical samples. Tc ottain the hiGh-
temperature modificatiorl the samples were
annealed for four hours at 10OU 0 and thui:i -luenched in
water. To stabilize P-leboite,, saim' loc. were
annealed for 10-12 hours at 800 C and then cooled
Card 1/4 gradually to room temperature. The Hall e.T2.f. was

'-'() V/126-7-2-37 '39
The Effect of Decomposition of Leboite on Bleztrical Pronerties
of Iron-Silicon Alloys
measured at applied magnetic fields from 17000-23000
oersted. The electrical resistance and thermoelectric
power were measured simultaneously ;;ituh the Hall effect.-
by a method described earlier (Itof 1). It was found
that electrical properties of iron-silicon alloys are
very sensitive to the phase state of leboite. This is
due to the fact that the hit;h-1;eiiT:eratuve u-phas,.~ has
an electrical resistivity, Hall, co;,istant arld thermo-
electric power, about three orderc, lower than those of
the low- temperature modificatior- (P-Ielooite). Thermo-
electric power a depends stron,_,.!'~ on ti.-.e alloy
composition. It is cormparativ(,I,,~, z~t low cont-,nts
of leboite but rises stroniSly o-i ap-proach to the
stoichionietric composition of P-leboite and then falls
rapidly, changing its sign above 55 wt.% og Si. At its
maximum the value of a reaches 0.035 mV1 C. Other
properties of these alloys also defend str8ngly on
composition. In particular (Fig 1 the 20 C isotherms of
Card 2/4 electrical resistivity and the Hall constant (RX)

00 V/126-7-2-37/39
TheEffect of Decomposition of Leboite on i,;lectrical Properties
of Iron-Silicon Alloys
are similar to the thermoelectric power isotherm.
The maxima of C" () and R occur at practically the
same composition. The highx values of a P (max. of
2.0 Ohm.cm) and R (max. of 20 c..-.s, units) confirm
that P-leboite is ~ semiconductor.- In alloys containing
UP to 55 "It.% of Sil the hole mechanism of conductivity
predominat1g; thq hole density is of the order of
(3-5) x 10 cm-2 and their mobility is of the order of
2 -1 1
1 cm see V_ Alloys with more than 55 wt.% of Si
have predominantly electron conductivity. Electrical
properties of alloys containing cx-leboite are quite
different Up to the point when Si ser)arates out
(55 wt.% ;.f Si) alloys with oL-lebuite exhibit low thermo-
electric power, electrical reois4-ivity 9~~_d Hall constant
(Fig 2). This indicates that the semiconducting
properties are lost on transi-~,ion froin O-leboite to
a-leboite. A certain scatter of v;_l,,~es of electrical
conductivity of quenched samples (witi, oL-leboite) is
due to microcracks which are produced_', Ly lare volume
Card 3/4 changes on transition to cc-leboite.

SOV/12'~-V-2-37/39
The Effect of Decomposition of Leboite on Eluctrical Properties
of Iron-Silicon Alloys
There are 2 figures and 9 Sovi%.-t veferences.
(Note: This is an abridged trwislation)
ASSOCIATIO14: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni S..'.I.Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute i!aeni S. M. Kirov)
SURMITTED: February 19, 1958
Card 4/4

67727
IL;ishov.,__V,_ It. and Gelld P. V.
;~eml~ep ~ihe Electrical Conductivity ? of
_4~u4~q _Aqpt~nde-nce ~f
leboite (Temperaturnaya zaviL;j-mo.,3t' 01C'k-trODrovodno,-t-i
leboita)
P-L~Rik~-jijAlj- Li'izika metalluv i Lietallovedeniyov 19599 Vol '/, I.Ir 39
pj) L[-3-4'-5
0 ia
Sarlier studios of the properties of L-boite (it-,f 1)
shovied that it can e xi st iii tvio raodif ic at ions: a lovi-
temperature 0-form and a hiLjh-tew~,-eratuiv a-foim. The
~-fovm, stable below 956(;, 1-- a semiconductor. 'The a-fona
exhibits taetallic conduction. All thece data were obtained
ut room teial)craturo. ,eh(,- present paper reports an
extension of earlier viork- to -a v.,ider rano-e of teraper--turc.-s;
thQ authors Lieasured the el8c-u-i,ical conductivity of
leboite between 20 and 1000 G. Leboite was prepared from
silicon with 1(,,s!j -uhvii Ox.~, of iva)urities and from
izz-~ Of co.11!-),-~ri~5on one saw,.)le
electrolytic iron. Vor the SLL!
1~ -
was pi-epared from technicul :silicon of .-,"1--0
6rade and tranufomer steel. of 5)u iiaii len,,"Uh and
ima diameter -weiv preparad by --UC.Linf-in L101~en leboite
C,
Card 1/3 inco quartz tubes. Some of tile ... evr-~ aiulealed at

67727
Lepeadence of I-Ohe !Aecti!ical ;onductivity of Leboite
60(?C for 20 hours in order to -sUabilize P-leboite. Other
ouiii.)~es urcro subjected to hohlo.c'nizin._, ~.,fuiualinu at
1100 0 and oubsequerit quonchirq~; Lhi3 %-.,as d-ne in orler
4;1-o fix tile a-leboite stiuct-Oure. ~Ohe electrical
coaductiviA;y was measured by the uziLtI co .;pens atio n
circuit. During iaeasum~ment sai.,iplos were heated in an
atmosphere of purified nitrogen. The r,~sul-'Ujs are shown
on a semi-lo(,aritl4aic scale in FiL; 1, where lo- a is
plotted a6ainst lC-:V'2. The even-numbeied curves Give
the temperature dependence of thu conductivity of
stabilized samples and tile odd-iamiluered curvas give, the
characteristics of quenchad staLiples. --,"he even-nunbered
curve.,,, sho-~.,- that thu elect-vical conduclUivity of P-leboi-Ue
ri,,es rapidly with tewporature. Tho co;.opara~ively lov/
olecb:c-ical conductivity -and tilt, positive lUe!nerature
coefficient confiim the semiconaac-~in- naturc of P-leboite.
The forbidden band width of P-loboit-e is 0.2 eV at room
Jard 2/3 tooPerature and is not very son_'itiva to the Ulicon e,

67727
,W/126-7-3-34/44
-2eikiperature Dependence of -the i~lectrical Conductivity of Leboite
content (curves 2, 4, 6) and the amount of impurities
present (curve 8). Near tile limit of -s-tability of
P-leboite the forbidden band wiath reaches 1-0-1,3 eV.
I U V
The odd-numbered curves confiriii `iie me"allic nature of
tile conduction of a-leboite; its 1.,:!Sistivity is
c ompara, Live ly small boti.1 in Lho ca3e of ai,iplcs prepared
.C. (c
J.rom pure hiaterials urveL 11 31 5) aui in '41-he care of
samples made from tochxiical 7). 0
.tuunched a-leboite viaZ stable u--) to abcuL 600-650 C.
At hijaer temperatures it U_t~coiapozed into ~-leboite and
.silicon and its resistivity increased. Tile rate of
trans.-Co6mation from a into 0-form roc,,o rapidly Ylear
750-800 C which uj~recd '1; 11 with oarlier (dilatometric)
results (Ref 4).
There are I fi,,,uro and 4 Joviet roicruiiceo.
A60 k, 0 1.1
Urallskiy politQi~hniclieskdy institut ineni "."'.Kirova
CiLr4j_~Lq1.DjqcI-jnical lilstiW-,;e i.f_kAroy)
Jwle r/, 1958
%/a.rd 3/3

SOV/126-7-4-18/26
AUTHORS: Krasovskaya, A.K. and Gelld, P.V.
TlTLE: Distribution of Chromium in Sulphide Scale on iron.-
Chromium Alloys
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeni.ve, 1959, Vol 7, Nr
pp 626-627 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: By means of X-ray and metallographic analysis, the
authors studied the scale formed on iron-chromium alloys
containing from 1 to 29!o Cr held for 2 to 6 hours at
8006C in the presence of .4ulphur vapour. They found that
scale formed under these co;iditions consisted of two
layers: a surface layer and an under-layer with chromium
in the form of FeCr2S4 (spinel). concentrated mainly in
the outer part of the under-layer. In alloys containing
less than 4% Cr, the FeCr2S4 grains were so small that
they were not resolved at 600 magnification. They
became larger (0-03 to 0-05 Dim) in alloys containing
4 to 121i Cr, while in alloys with the chromium content
higher titan 12%. a continuous layer of FeCr,3Sh was formed,
separating the outer and the inner layers of the scale.
A micro-photograph of scale formed on in alloy containing
Card 1/4 171; Cr is reproduced in Fig 1, showing: A - the outer

suv/i26-7-4-16/26
Distribution of' Chromium in Sulphide Scale on Iron-Chromium Alloys
layer; B - the continuous layer of' FeCr2S4;
V - the under-layer. The temperature dependence of
electrical conductivity, a, of this (FeCr254) part of
the scale and of pyrrhotine (FeS) was determined, and
it was found that: (1) tiie activation energy of the
process in spinel is higher than that in FeS (0.2eV
against. 0. 04ev) i(2) the conductivity of spiliel is low:
at -186 C/Osginel:Opyrrhotine as 10 - 30- Thus, it was
shown that t e resistance of high chromium content steels
to the action of sulphur at high temperatures is due to
the formation of a protective layer of FeCr2S4.
Regarding the fact that this compound is formed not in
the immediate vicinity of the metal but at the interface
of the two scale layers, the authors offer an explanation
based on the possibility of the formation of divalent
and trivalent chromium cations. The inner layer of the
scale is formed by the interaction between the sulphur
atoms diffusing through the sulphide layer and the atoms
of both iron and chromiun. Under the conditions of
intimate contact with the inetal which acts as a reducing
Card 2/4 agent (me + M3+-421-Ie2+), sulrjjiLie, containing mainly

sov/i.26-7-4-18/26
Distribution of Chromium in Sulphide Scale on Iron-Chromium Alloys
divalent cations, is formed. Since in this region of
the system the iron content is higioer thasi the chromium
content, and the number of lattice defects in pyrrhotine
is small, the concentration of trivalent chromium cations
due to reaction Fe2+ + Cr3+ p:~FO+ + Cr2* will be quite
small. For this reason, arid also due to isamorphisni arid
similarity of the parameters (if CrS arid FeS (which forni
a continuous series of solid suit-tious), pyrrhotirte
alloyed with chromium is fornied in this part of the scale.
Diffusion of the Fe arid Cr cations to the outer layer of
the scale results (due to higher mobility of Fe2+ cations)
in an irLcrease of the concentration of the Cr cations in
the inner layer of the scale. Owing to this arid to the
growing number of defects in pyrrhotine, as the diffusing
Cr cations approach the outer part of the under-layer,
they charige their charge arid become trivalent. With
increasing concentration of the trivalent Cr cations in
the sulphide lattice, favourable conditions are created
for the formation of spinel. The authors conclude by
drawing attention to the fact that at higher temperatures
Card 3/4 (at which the activation energy of the diffusion and

SOV/126-7-4-18/26
Distribution of Chromium in Sulphide Scale on iron-Chromium Alloys
electrical conduction processes in spinel is
comparatively high) the protective power of chromium
diminishes. Thus, the ratio of constants characterising
the rates of oxidisation of alloys with 1.09 and
17.46s Cr at 5000C is equal to 570 and at 600*C Only 55,
which means that with rising temperature the permeability
of the sulphide spinel increases more rapidly than that
of pyrrhotine. There is I figure and 4 references,
3 of which are Soviet and 1 German.
ASSOCIATION:Urallskiy politeklinicheskiy institut imeni S.M.Kirova
(Ural Polytechnical Institute imeni S.M.Kirov)
SUBMITTED: May 16, 1958
Card 4/4

SOV/120'- --7-5-16/2'
AUTHORS: Ryabov, R. A. and
TITLE: Relationship Between the Structural and Diffusion Prop-
erties of Stools (SvTaz' atrukturnykh i diffuzionnykh
kharaktariatik staley)
PERIODICAL: Fizika metalloy i metallovedeniye, Vol 7, Nr 5, pp 732-741
(USSR)
ABSTRACTs The authors undertook a detailed study of the dependence of
the rate of hydrogen penetration through steel on the conditiono
under which the second transformation stop is brought about.
The rate of hydrogen penetration J was determined by
measuring the quantity of hydrogen M passing through a
flat steel membrane of thickness 9 and cross-sectional area
a in time -r by the formula J a M/-ra (Ryabov, Ref.5);
hence the penetration constant
Card je/_~'/P-l
1/3 where pi is the hydrogen pressure on entering the membrane.
An apparatus was used consisting of a hydrogen generator,

(/C
SOV/ 1 5
Relationship Between the Structural and Diffusion Properties
of Stools
a diffusion block with the specimen and a vacuum block for
do-gassing the apparatus at the beginning of the experiment
as well as for measuring the quantity of hydrogen diffused
(Fig.2). The results of the study of stool 3?,2,-43M which
tends to deTe'Lop the second transformation stop are shown
in Fig.3. In Fig*4 the Influence of' temperature oa the
penetration of hydrogen through the stool 3KhNam is shown.
Measurements were carried out during cooling. In Fig.5 thre
dependence of hydrogen penetration through stool on
temperature is shown. Measurements were taken during coolivg.
Fig.6 shows the influence of the temperature from which stool
34F1112M is cooled on hydrogen penetration. Measurements were
carried out during cooling. F1g.7 shows the influence of
toWerature and thermal history of the specimen on the
penetration of hydrogen through steel 2OX12N4A., Measurements
were carried out during cooling. Fig.8 shows isobars of
hydrogen penetration through the stool 40KORk. The authora
arrive at the following conclusiona:
Card 1. In temperature ranges in which an intense decomposition of
2/3 austenito takes place the constant of hydrogen penetration in
stool sharply increases with simultaneous decrease in the

SOV/126---7-5-16/25
Relationship Between the Structural and Diffusion Properties of Steels
activation energy of' the process.
2. In different steels the completeness of austenite do-
compoaition in the first stop and hence the extent of
decomposition in the second step are different and can be
determined by tho chemical composlLion of the steel as well
as by its cooling rate. These relationships are fully
reflectea in the curves representing the temperature dependence
of the constant of hydrogen penetration through steel. This
enables the use of this method for the study of structural
transformations In steels on the one hand, and on tne other
(and this is in practice more important) it enables the
Card influence of' various types of' thermo-mechanical treatment of
3/3 steels on their gas saturation to be estimatea.
There are 8 figures and 14 references, of which 11 are Soviet,
2 English and I Uerman
ASSOCIATIUN: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy institut imeni S. 9. iiirova
(Urals Polytechnic Institute imeni S. M. Kirov)
SUBMITTED: May 17, 1957

66239
sov/i26-8-3-26/33
AUTHOM Sidorenkoq F.A., Gelld, P.V. and Dubrovskaya, L.B.
TITLEt On the Type of Defe'ca ~'a-'Ieboite
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8,
Nr 3, pp 465-466 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In view of the fact that the lattice parameters decrease
with increase in silicon content in the Y.-phase
(a-leboite) of the Fe-Si system, the assumption was made
by Phragmen (Ref 1) that iron bi-milicide-base
substitutional solid solutions are formed. A precise
determination of the densities of leboite alloys and their
lattice parameters have, however, led to results which
contradict this assumption. An investigation has been
carried out with alloys prepared in a tungsten vacuum
furnace from pure (99.95% Si) silicon and P-41 carbonyl
iron. The alloys were homogenized in vacuum at 1060 C
for 100 hours. The densities of powders, crushed in an
agate mortar, were measured by a pycnometric mettiod in an
evacuated pycnameter. The lattice parameters were
determined with a bPC-3 camera. Their dimensions for
alloys of different compositions (see Table) show that the
Card 1/3 phase under investigation is stable in the concentra ti
/-0014/'Zz~/." 14-10~' S /,", - k"'- 17

66239
on the Type of Defects in a-Leboite SOV/126-8-3-26/33
Card 2/3
range 53.5 to 56.5% Sis which agrees with 11aughton and
Becker's data (Ref 2). From the density and lattice
parameters the number of atoms of iron and silicon per
unit cell have been calculated (see Table). It was
found that in the whole a-leboite range there are almost
exactly 2 atoms of silicon (1.99) per unit cell and the
number of atoms of iron decreases steadily from 0.87
(53.5% Si) to 0.77 (56-5% Si) which points to the
formation of holes in the iron sublattice. A comparison
between X-ray and experimental densities confirms the
above conclusion. X-ray determination of thermal
expansion coefficients along the axes of the a-leboite
lattice has shown that the expansion coefficients increase
on transition to low-iron leboite; the expansion
coefficient increases particularly in the (001) planes
along iron atoms which corresponds to the hole model
structure of the I a-phase. There are I table and
2 English references.
n.b. This is a complete translation, except Table.

/0'0 ~4 00 66242
SOV/126-8-3-30/33
AUTHORS: Golldberg, A.I., Lipatova, V.A. and Gelld
TITLEs The Electrical Conductivity and the Hall Effect in Alloys
of Iron and Silicon, Containing Leboite, at High Temperatures
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1959, Vol 8,
Nr 3, PP 472-475 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In an earlier paper (Ref 1) the authors reported their
results of investigation of the electrical properties of
P-leboite at room temperature; it was concluded that, in
contrast to the I ot-phase, the '4e, g-phase is a semiconductor.
To check this conclusion, the aut ors studied the
temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and
the Hall effect of alloys of iron and silicon containing
from 40 to 80% Si (by weight) at temperatures from 20 to
350*C. The alloys were prepared in an induction furnace
using silicon of Kr.O grade and Armco iron. Samples were
prepared by sucking in the melt into quartz capillaries of
2.5 to 4.0 min diameter. The low-temperature modification
of laboite was obtained by annealing at 8oO*C (Ref 20).
All measurements were carried out employing the usual
compensation apparatus and pressure contacts. It was
Card 1/5 found that alloys with more than 45N Si exhibit th ty ical

66242
sov/126-8-3-30/33
The Electrical Conductivity and the Hall Effect in Alloys of iron
and Silicon, Containing Leboite, at High Temperatures
semiconductor type of variation of the electrical
resistance with temperature. The exponential dependence
of the resistance on temperature is particularly clear in
19 amples containing 49 to 51% Si. These samples are
closest in their composition to the I p-phase. Moreover,
their compositions are the same as those at which maxima
of the electrical resistance, the Hall constant and the
differential thermo-electric power occur on the curves
representing composition against property; such maxima
.-are found both at room and at higher temperatures.
Outside the leboite region, all samples also exhibit
semiconducting properties but the latter are less
pronounced. In alloys containing 40 to 45% Si metallic
conductivity predominates. Fig I shows the experimental
data obtained for some of the samples plotted in
coordinates of log a (a is the conductivity) against T-1
(Vis the absolute temperature). Fig 1 shows that the
-c onductivity of samples containing 50 to 55% Si is
cbnisiderably greater than that of all the other samples
Card 2/5 and that alloys with 49 to 51% Si have the lowest

66242
SOV/126-8-3-30/33
The Electrical Conductivity and the Hall Effect in Alloys of Iron
and Silicon, Containing Leboite, at High Temperatures
conductivity. From the straight lines of Fig 1, the
following impurity-centre activation energies (in eV)
were obtained (the values in brackets denote S Si by
weight): 0.13 (48%X '0.20 09t51), 0.18 (53), 0.17 (55),
0.13 (57), 0.12 (59) 0-08 ( 5). 0.04 (75..80).
The latter values show that there is a maximum in the
dependence of the activation energy on the amount of
silicon at compositions close to that of P-leboite. The
temperature dependence of the Hall constant was measured
only for some of the samples since, in the case of others.
no reliable values could be obt ined because of high
scatter. Magnetic fields of IOZ Oe were applied during
these measurements and two directions of the field and
current were used. The results obtained are given in
Fig 2 which shown that the absolute value of the Hall
constant of all samples decreases with increase of
temperature. This indicates that the impurity carrier
density rises with increase of temperature. Samples with
49 to 51% Si have positive Hall constants, ie their
Card 3/5 conductivity is of the hole type. This conclusion grees
"7

66242
SOV/126-8-3-30/33
The Electrical Conductivity and the Hall Effect in Alloys of iron
and Silicon, Containing Leboite, at High Temperatures
with earlier measurements of the thermoelectric power
(Ref 1). Outside the leboite region, the [fall constant is
negative and its sign is reversed at 53 to 54% Si. In the
Same region of concentrations a reversal of the sign of
the differential thermoelectric power was observed
earlier; it is due to the presence of silicon
crystallites in the alloys. The measurements carried out
can be used to estimate the values of the current-carrier
density and mobility. For example, the carrier density
in the alloys of leboit com3osition at room temperature
was found to be 7 x 1019 cm- assuming that the Hall
constant RX in given by Rx I/no. The current-carrier
mobility for the same alloys amounted to 0.7 cm 2sec-IV-I.
The authors conclude that the results reported above
confirm the earlier suggestion (Ref 1) of semiconducting
properties of the low-temperature modification of leboite.
There are 2 figures and 3 Soviet references. Pr-
Card 4/5 n.b. This is a complete translation except for figures.

5.4700,iMioo 77 1 3~ 2
SOV/1118-59-9-2/22
AUTHORS: Gertman, Yu. M. (Engineer), Gelld, P. V. (Doctor
of Technical Sciences,
TITLE: Concerning the Thermochemi3try of Vlangane3e-Sillcon
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh 7avedenly. Chernaya metal-
lurgiya, 1959, Nr 91 PP 15-27 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: An investigation of the change of enthalpy during the
formation of some solid silicides and also of the heats
of mixing liquid manganese and sillcon. Some data
regarding the specific heats and heats of meltinC 3ili-
cides of manganese were published before. The depend-
ence of the activity of silicon and maniranese on the
composition of melts Mn-Si-C, Mn-S1, an~ 14n-Fe-Si-C wras
studied previously by 0. A. Yesin, 11. A. Vatolin, V. A.
Kozheurov, N. I. Sablin and B. P. Burylev. The elec-
trolytic manganese (about 0.01% C; about 0.01% P;
0.05% S) of Zestafoni Ferroalloy Plant (Zestafonskiy
ferrosplavno zavod) and crystalline silicon (98.5% Si;
0 8% Fe; 0.5 Al; 0.2% Ca) of Chelyabinsk Ferroalloy
Piant (Chel binakiy ferrooplavnoy zavod) were used for
Card 1/7 the experiments. The flakes oi* electrolytic manganese

Concerning the Thermochemistry of 77132
Manganese-Silicon SOV/1118-59-9-2/22
were subject to the preliminary melting, in corundum
crucibles in the argon atmosphere. The same crucibles
were used for the preparation of synthetic alloys
Mn-Si of different compositions. The heats of forma-
tion of solid solutions (at 200 C) were determined by
the method of burning, that is, by the difference of
heats of burnt alloy and of burnt mixture of pure
components of the same composition. The determination
of the heat of formation of solid silicides of mangan-
ese (Fig 2),(Of the heat of mixing liquid manganese
and silicon Fig It and Fig 6), arid also of the heat of
dissolving silicon in the liquid ferromanganese and in
ferrosilicomanganese (Figure 7) are discussed. During
the study of the heat of formation of solid manganese
3ilicides, it was found that for the monosilicide
,!~iH = - 17.0 kcal/mole. The Study of the heal'. of
mixing of liquid manganese and silicon showed that the
"first heat" of mixing Is close to 25 kcal/mole. 'The
integral heat of mixing changes in accordance with the
composition, reaching a maximum (-9.3 kcal/g, atom) for
Card 2/7 equiatomic alloy. The authors advanced an idea

a - .. -
TO
F I jr 2. The heat of'
"o
"MU tion of solid
alloys of manganese
and sillcon at 200 C.
447 SI.,Vtom
regarding the microheterogeneity of the melt and the
presence in it of "sibotaxis," eanriched by the tviin
complexes MnSi. (Abstracter's Note: The %ord
sibotaxis" is unknown In American or RU331an scienti-
fic literature. The following may b~: probable com-
ponents of this synthetic work, as obtained from the
Webster's Dictionary: Taxis (Greek) -arrangement,
order; cibation-a process of fee'-ding with fresh
Card 3/7 material during the course of opertitlon. The re f ore

Concerning the Thermocherniutry of
Manganese-Silicon 'd V
rale
'((I-~2
Sov/i48-59-9-2/22
V'. of
st
Fig. 11. The change of temperature ok' liquid silicon
with consecutive addition to It of one portion of
silicon and two portions of inariganese.
Card 11/7

C,-OV1i 13 -5 9- -9-2/22
9L
ZI,
Ja
Fig. 6. A comparison of' concentration relationship of
partially molar eat content of' silicon in its alloys
9 j
Card 5/7 with iron (1,6oo c), cobalt (i,6ooO c), and mangranc-sc,
(1,11700 C).

Concerning the The viriochernio try of
Manganese-Sillcon
6
Card 6/7
SO /14~ -59-9-2/22
Fig. 7. The heat3 of mixing, I 11~qidd silicon with
commercial manganese, Vc-rromam-,anese, and silicomarigan-
ese. Solid line--a chavack.erlotic oC the pure Rn-Sl
system.

Concerning the Thermochemi5try of
Manganese-Silicon
SO'V/148-59-9-2/22
11sibotaxis" probably is the author's version of an
idea of microheterogeneity of the melt arid of a con-
tinuous feeding of same with fresh material enriched
by the twin complexes MnSi). III this connection it is
noted that there Is a rather limited applicability
of the theory of regular tjolutions to the propertiez.;
of the studied systems. It was shown that the "first
heats" of dissolving the silicon in cotitmercial in-angan-
ese, ferromanganese, and manganese-al-11con (taking
into account the silicon which Lo pr~_-oent In th(2m)
differ very little from those eotablished for the
synthetic alloys Mn-SI, amounting to 25-26 kcal/mole.
There are 7 fil'JUres; 11 tableo; and 20 rt~i'erences; ).3
Soviet) 4 German, 1 Belgian, L)t U.S. The U.S. refer-
ences are: Chipman, J., Grant, N., Trans. Arner. Soc.
Metals, 31J 365,, 19113; Naylor, B. F., J. Chem. Phya.,
13, 329, 19115.
ASSOCIATIONt Ural Polytechnic Institut (Ut-a-11skly pollte'r-liniche.9kiy
institut)
SUBMITTED: April 20, 1959 Ca rd -1/7

SUCHILINIKOV. S.I.; GELID. P.V., doktortgkhn.nauk
Certain pecullaritiom in the roaottng of molybdenum concentrates.
Trudy Ural.politekh.inst. no.75:219-232 159.
(MIRk 13:4)
(Holybdenuu-Notallurff)

NUSINO, P. G.-;-PLID. -F.Te. - -.- --
Imat capacity and changes of the toot hem-Isobar potential duriag
the formation of x1oblum dioxidto Tmdy Ural. politekh. I=t.
no,92il2l-124 059* (MM 13112)
(Nibbium oxide-Therml proportion)

AlYANOVSKIY, S-I-,-__GJL#D, F.Y.; SHYMIN, G.P.
Stoblum carbides. Trudy Ural. politekh. inst. no.92tl25-134 159.
(mm 13112)
(Robtum carbide)

KOCH&ROV, F.Y.; GAID, F.Y. --
Blasticity of calcium vapors above fused calcium - alumt= system.
Trudy Ural. politakh. inst. no-92tl4l-146 159. (MINA 13M)
(Alualwa alloys) (Vapor pressure)

p $t
1L 1
It.
2
as 29 ri i
4,4
silt, t
3 9
Rij-
JA
HI

29036
si/081/61/000/018/007/027
5110 B104/B101
AUTHORS: Gell.d,.P. V., Kocherov, P. V.
TITLE: Regulation of liquid calcium - aluminum alloys
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Khimiya, no. 18, 1961, ~1, abstract
IBB363 (Sb. "Stroyeniye i svoystva zhidk. metallov". M.,
-1960, 194 - 199)
TEXT: The enthalpy of two Ca-Al alloys containing 42.5, and 24.3~ by
weight of Ca 0was inve3tigated as a function of temperature in the range of
LA 200 - 1200 i' - According to its composition, the first of these alloys
is similar to the congruently melting compound CaAl 2 (melting point 10790);
the second is similar to the incongruently melting compound CaAl (melting
0 4
point 700 0. Results of measurements were compared with quantities
calculateu nc.-.ording to the additivity rule. To explain the divergences
obtained it is assumed that during the melting process of the intermetallic
compounds arid during superheating a considerable charge of the potential
energy of the atoms occurs. This is caused by a change of the degree of
Card 112

29036
S/091/6!/000/018/007/027
Regulation of liquid... B104 B101
order of f,-isior and by a change of the distance between Farticles and their
interqction. I Abstracter's note: Complete translation. I
Card 2/2

1'8.9260 (IT(GY

SOV/`B-`0-1-30/--)4
,- 0
AUTHORS: Sidorenko, F. A.
TITLE: Concerning thc-~ Structure of Leboite
PERIODICAL: Izveotiya vysshilch Uchebnylkh Zavedeniy. Chernaya metal-
luwgiya, 1960, Nr 1, PP 171-174 (USSR)

ABSTRACT: Thf properties of' leboite, I.e., ~;erniconducting
t a-pha3e in Fe-Si system, are very sen:~ltlve to
chdng(~~; in 111-he cornpoz;itiorri and altc!r abr;l-p',,,ly a-, the
tranz;Vor-mation from high- to modifica-
tions. According to G. Phragmu-i wnicl othier
lebo-ite of about FeSi 2 compozitior, iz ll-etragfonal; its,
space grroup Is D;l h- Pll/ramim; I riole(,-ular .-eight per unit
cell; some Fe poritionj are occ;ipied by Si atom.-J. The
authors. produced technically pure wid hl~~-~hiy p--re
leboitle specimens of FeSi, ccmposltion (51.1 11-o 53% Si)
99-95% p1tre -.;ilicoll -,-lilh vo- r-~arbonyl In
Card 11,12 quartz. crucible placed irl tung3ten 1"wrilacu 0.001 to

Concerning th,~- Str! -,ire rjf filgh-Temperat ure -1770T
Leboite SOV/1.4~31-6o-1-30/34
ASSOCIATION:
SUBMITTED:
0.0001 -.-actzilni., d (-- r (,~ dthe opecimens, ho,,,~o6:,enfzed
In at 1,01)0 C for '1,5 11"j, hardened In air and
took pc,-.-;der diffraction photograFhs -with camera VRS-3
and Co radiation., or with camera URS-50I and Fe radia-
L-1011. 0"or;"f-- were po,.-.-dered and annealed
a~ 110.'-~Or) C taVing the (iLt'I'vaction photographs.
No dlft'erjncv-- In the diffraction intensity of different
specimens was evident at visual inspection if photo-
graphs had lbee,-,, taken with VRS-3 and Co radiation. On
the other hand, the intensity differences of different
diffraction !1nes could be measured having taken the
diffractio.n I-'-otographs from powder layers in slides
'~`;iS-50I and Fe radiation. T.he -init cell
found to be a = 2.69 ',.-.X and C = 5.13 kX;
',he ',,,,t,.,r,atomic distance ~ 2.2(-, kX and Si-to-Fe
f
r e a r e 211gures; 2 tabled;; and 6 refer-
ences, 5 So%,iet, I U.K. The U.K. reference is G.
Phra,gmen, J . Iron and Steel Inst, . , 11.4', '397--'03, 1920'.
Ural Polytechnic In-,;titute (Urallsir,-Jy polltekhriicheskiy
institut)
November 17, 195B -ard 2/2

KOCILEROV, P.V.; GEWD, P.V.
Equilibrium of gaseous calcium with Ca.-Al alloy-u. Izv. vys.
uchob. zav.; chern. mot. no.2:549 160. (MRA 15:5)
1. Urallokiy politekhnicheakiy institut.
(Vapor-liquid equilibrium)
(Intermetallic compounds)

69656
6/180/60/000/02/012/028
Z/ 12 0 0 RM/E135'
AUTHORS: Gelld, P. ., audKusenko. F.G. (Sverdlovsk)
TITLE: HA-af Cont and Specific Heat of Niobium Oxides and
Carbides at -High Temperatures j\
PERIODICAL: Izvestl~a Akademii nauk SSSR,Otdeleniye tekhnicheskikh,
nauk, Met-allurgiya i toplivo~ 1960,Nr (USSR)
2) pp )4,9 -1
ABSTRACT: The authors outline the present partly unsatisfactory
position on the specific heats and heats of formation of
substanags involved in the increasingly important
carbothermic process for the reduction of nioblum oxides.
Table 1 compares heat-of-formation values given by
various workers (Refs 12-16), showing considerable
differences. They go on to describe their own investi-
gation of the heat contents of n1obium oxides and carbides
at 273 to 1840 0K. The nioblum pentoxide used for
preparation was purified by fractional precipitation and
vacuum heating. Lower oxides were prepared by vacuum
heating of briquettes made of this with niobium2 finally
Card at 1800 OC. Chemical compositions were determined as
115 described by Gurevich and Ormont (Ref 19) for V - C - 0;
phase compositions by X-ray diffraction with a type RKD

69656
8/180/60/000/02/012/028
9111/9135
Heat Content and Specific Heat of Niobium Oxides and Carbides at
High Temperatures
camera. For temperatures up to 1500 OK the classical
method of mixtures was used2 the apparatus and
differential method being as described by Serebrennikov
and Gelld (Ref 21), with 12-g samples, carefully degassed,
sealed in a Pt - 10% Rh capsule. Experimental errors
are estimated as not exceeding 0.8-1.0%. For determina-
tions at 1500-1840 OK a vacuum high-temperature calori-
meter was used, the thermal equivalents of both
calorimeters being determined electrically against the
'reliably known (Refs 22, 23) thermal capacity of corundum.
Heat capaoities of capsules were found in a special series
of experiments. As previously (Ref 21) experiments at
0-25 OC were carried out to convert &H values to
298.16 0K. The heat contents for Nb205 are shown In
Table 3. The authors represent their aata which relato
Card to the high-temporature modification, by
2/5 &T 38-76 T + 1.77-lo-3T2 + 7.318-105T-1 - 11+162
298#16 (Eq 1)

69656
8/18o/Wooo/n/012/028
3111/3135
Heat Content and Speoifio Heat of Njobium Oxidos and Carbides at
High Temperatures
and comrr* (Fig 2) their results with those of Orr
(Rof 18 . The same Table gives the data for NbQ21 they
are represented in Fig 3. The relation is
W * l1f.681 T + 3.078-lo-3T2 + 2.421-105T-1 - ~460
Z98.16 (Sq 4.)
whll* above 1080 OX It In
&HT
298.16 8060 4- 21.28T (Sq 6)
The resulto for NbO and Nb are shown in Table 1+ and Fig 4.
The relations are represented by, respeetively)
allT 10.04T + 1.175-lo-3T2 0.703-105T-1 - 3359
And 298.16 (Sq 8)
AHT 8,16 5,60T + o.655-10-3T2 1727 (10)
Card 29
The Utter roUtes to a sample with 0.5% by weight of
dionolved and oombinod oxygen. for oarbides the results

69656
S/180/60/000/02/012/028
9111/E135
Heat Content and Specific Heat of Nioblum Oxides and Carbides at
High Temperatures
are shown in Tables 5 and 6 and Fig 5. The relationships
are$
NI) Go. 50; &HT
298.16 7.94T + 0.750-lo-3T2 +
+ 1.025-105T-1 - 2776 (110

Nb CO-749S &H298.16 2- -3T2 +
8.95*T + 1.127-1o
+ 1.26-lo5T-1 - 3190 (16)
Nb C0.867' &H298.16 MOT + o,995-lo-3T2 +
+ 1.51-105T-1 -3485 (18)
Nb C a T
00 Hi98
1
16 10-79T + 0.863-lo-3T2 +
.
. + 2.15-105T-1 -4013 (20)
The authors point ou t that their data together with
Card available data can b e used for thermodynamic calculations
4/5 on equilibria in the systems Nb - C - 0 and Nb - H - 0
and related ones. LK

69656
S/180/60/000/02/012/028
211119135
Heat Content and Specific Heat of Niobium Oxides and Carbides at
High Temperatures
There are 5 figures~ 6 tables and 24 referencest of
which 12 are Soviet, 10 English and 2 German.
SUBMITTED: November 30t 1959

IGISIMV Mi.; GELID, P.V,
Blectrio conductivity or solid ailicon solutions in iron at
high temperatures. I-.v. vys. ucheb. zav.; chern. met. no.2:
90-014 160 - (-'Ml 15:5)
1. Urallskiy politekhnicheakiy institut.
(Iron-silicon alloys-Electric properties)
(Pletalts at high4temperatures)

/ t
L
824h0
3/14g/6o/ooo/1004/1003/1009
,67.42 o 0
AUTHORS: Yusenko, F.G., Gel'd, P.V.
TITLE: On Some Properties of 02~
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Tsvetnaya metallurgiya,
1960, No. 4, pp. 102-106 1
TEXT: In a paper published recently on the heat capacity of Nb02 within a
temperature range of 298-1,5000K, the authors assumed that there was a phase trans-
formation near 7500C. To check this assumption and tb study the properties of
NbO2 near the temperature of the supposed transformation, the authors investigated
the heat content, electric conductivity and thermal expansion of synthetic NbO2
within 298-1,5000K. The NbO2 compound was prepared from a briquetted mixture of
purified niobium pentoxide and nioblum metal powder, by annealing at 1,5000C in
a tungsten vacuwn furnace. The temperature dependence of the NbO2 heat content
was investigated by the differential mixing method. To protect the preparation
from oxidation, it was placed in a platinum-rhodium alloy ampoule. The heat content
of the empty ampoule and of one containing the sample was investigated in an
adiabatic calorimeter. The temperature was measured by a potentiometer, Results
of the experiments are shown in Graph 1. The temperature dependence of NbO2 heat
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On Some Properties of NbO2
82h4o
S/149/60/000/004/003/009
content up to 1,0100K can be expressed by the MayerjKelly formula (1): A T 8 a
. -546o + 14.681 T + 3.o78 - 10-3T2 - 2.421 - lo5r- . The temperature depe dence
of the NbO2 heat capacity is described by formula (2)-. CP a 14.681 + 6.156 -
. lo-3T - 2.421- 105T-2., Above 1,0800K the heat content increases linearly with
temperature up to 1,5000K. In the range of 1,010-1,0800K the heat content in-
creases at an anomalously high rate, resembling temperature dependences of substances
undergoing phase transformations of second order. The heat capacity Increases
rapidly but monotonously with raising temperature up to 1,0100K. It is constant
over 1,0800K. Between 1,010 and 1.0800K a typical ?L-point is observed. The data
obtained indicate the possible phase transformation of NbO2 near 7500C. To verify
this, the temperature dependence of electric conductivity and thermal expansion of
NbO2 were studied. It was established that NbO2 was a semiconductor whose energy
gap changed from 0.66 ev at 2980 - 7150K to 1.41 ev at 9500-1,0500K. The trans-
formation of NbO2 appears on a graph (3) where the curve IT-~p (T) suffers an
abrupt bend at 1.0500K. Dilatograms of two NbO2 samples (Fig. 4) reveal clearly
the changes in the temperature curves of expansion near 1.0500K. Consequently,
the conclusion Is drawn that NbO2 undergoes a phase transformation near 1.0400K.
There are 4 graphs and 9 references: 7 Soviet and 2 English.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy pol-itekhnicheskiy institut (Ural ftlytechnic Institute)
SUBMITTED: September 18, 1959
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AUTHORS.,
TITLE
~5736
S/!48/60/000/004/003/006
Ai6l/AI)29
Gol'dberg, A.I., LiPatcva, V.V, Gel-6. P.V.
Electrioal Provertles ef the F-?Si-S! Alloy System
FU11OD1^1AL-. lvias-!Aya vvsshiyb- uchebrxykh zavedenly -- Cnernaya metallurglya,
1( .0
.~'O, Nc. 4, pp. 121-127
TEM. T,e IDw-temoeratvre modification of thea-phasse of ~he Fe-S1 syis-
"em h." iemiacniaator properties, whi:h has bAsn prcven btrfor-~t (Ref. 1.2),
bUl Ithe W34eria', investigated w-" of comvwclal puzlty. To g-?t, more accurat-~;
. . J.
lat.a &r- Inveietigation has been carr-led out of alloye made of alect--'oiyti:~ Iron
and splinters of singb-~ Zryatal p-LIlicon m3lt~!n In qna.-Iz cru,-,Ibles in it Mgh-
frequency induc,",ion furnaoe. Th,~ alloyz contained M., Mg, Kn, Pb, Ni and Cr
In a Quantity not, a1mve 0.001 %. The condu^tivity, the Fail .~:-nstant wid ther-
melectric mot.tv,4 force wai Te-i"red ~Ln t.h-. temperatur,~ r&ng.-? fr-om 20 to 4001ci
A po"er.Uomttr.*.-- dwice d6zcriberl in (Rif. ~) was u3f~d t-rat. trakes similtaneous
c?' all these thre,,~ charsAerJst.1,,5 pon.alv~e. The data obtained
,u-9 1111j3trat,~IJ by graphs. Pronounzed Eemicon-jucton prcper,~A"A of the W --
pha--e ar),j concu~,!Jv1T,7 we---~ prcv,--n. Alloy~w 18 to 100 % 31 had
tc low (Fig. 2) with positive tempera~,Are cceffl:,Ifent indi,2ating
C and 1

E5736
s /,, 48,/6c)/ooq/oo4/oo,4 IoY.
A16i/Ac,29
Prop -~:-t I z..-- of the FPSI-31 AI'loy
semiconduc"r p-ropertisa. Judging t:,i prjlytberm--'~ ~Flg, 2), wlte, high
C
C-Ont%,rl~ OIL P-latc1te were up to , 0-4000C oondu!-.tive thr-,DuSh oiloving con.3ti-
and th,~n eigenconductiva In a relstlv~ily tA,.!--cw t.,~mperaturp- rang,-e!.
Alloys with tUc_h,--.r S1. content had a romp a:- till v(e I if long :%beLrd,%ter1st.1^&1 tran?i-
+.I,,n r&rga between 2000C and a-xoltation of elg,~naonduc.,'Ilvlty at atKijt 4ffP-C.
7ble agrA6.z will literiture data (Ref. 4) cn th~ p.-or~~rfies of SI. of dtf-
In g-lneral, the ahqxa~t-s~js* 'Ica )f allov5 and pure
tLlloya et-udl-~d aLrq comd".derably difforent. Fir:~t. rf a11, the Current
:.&7-rier3 In P-1-9bolte have differAnt signr ccmmer-.'~jl alloys havlt hole con-
du:~ttvit.y, &n,i purzor alloya olectroni^ cc-rductiv:11,y Trus 's directly con-
n,e:,ted w4.*,h the. A! nontent. ~ab--ut 0.2 9f in ~~omwer~~Ial It-toite), who!Fc- effect,,,
-ncvg-,i sinvEt "or.,j7 (Ref. 9j. It Js axDz-ct--i t4at p-Y) t-ransfers wV be ot-
k .1 1
% U:It. b 4~
in j?-1Ptoi1;A, P. 'P, Irj alloying it. wll;.h c6tim-Inam, wi-J th t p 1e clab
c,an b~-- I.n couple with alloypd aluminum in th~-:-n-ocoupL,~:~ with high
t.6mf f0:!, temp6rat.,,).r~- m,~&.:,uremant-3 In bigh Tanv-4~ i;p t.-- 800-'Y)0oc in orroelvf.
inve-9tigatione -~f th-? are ndce~~A~~ry, ma-!nly
to eic"?.e,.mdne the of diffAr,3nt I,14.re-W-W ana for the contAn'.
C,3--j

85736
S/148/60/000/004/003/006
A161/AO29
Electrical Properties of the FcSi-Si Alloy System
of the semiconductive P -phase of leboite. There are 8 graphs and 9 referorxe.~:
7 Soviet, 2 English.
ASSOCIATION: Ural'skiy politekhnicheskly institut (Ural Polytechnical Institute)
SUBMITTED: July 14, 1959
Figure 2:
Polytherms of Electric Conductivity
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88042
s/139/6o/ooo/oWoo4/032
4?.4300 (aj4d 1143J 115y) 9032/9314
AUTHORSt Korshunov, V.A. and
TITLE: The Electrical Resistivity and Thermoelectric
Power of Magnanese-silicon Alloys, 1. Technical
Alloys Containing Mn Si and Ma Si
3 5 3
PERIODICAL: lavestiya wyashikh uchobnykh zavedeniy,
Irisika, 1960, No. 6, pp. 29 - 34
TEXT: Preliminary results of the work now reported were
published in Ref. 4. It was shown there that some of theme,
alloys have ebmiconducting,properties. This iconclusion was
confirmed by Guseva and Ovechkin (Ref- 5) and DorAisan (Rof. 6)
in the case of CrSi 2 and Mai 2# The present paper reports
data on the temperature dependence of the resistivity cr in
*hm temperature interval 20 - 1 350 0C and the thermoelectric
power a in the temperature interval 20 - 700 0C for alloys
of technical Si and electrolytic Mn containing between 14 and
22% Si by weight. The alloys were prepared from electrolytic
Mn (99.88% Mnj Ce Pi Al, Si, Ti approximately 0.01% each)
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8W42
S/139/6o/ooo/oo6/004/032
E032/2314
The Electrical Resistivity and Thermoelectric Power of
Manganese-silicon Alloys. I. Technical Alloys Containing
Mn321 and Nn 5Si3
and crystalline silicon of type KpO (Kro) (98.5% Sig
0.5% Fe, ^,,, 0.2% Ca and - 0.2% Al). Weighed portions
of theme materials were placed in quartz containers and outSassed
at 700 - 800 OC. The quartz containers were then sealed-off
and the alloys were produced by heating in an induction furnace.
The rem iativity was measured both.in solid and liquid states,
using the method described by R*Sell in Ref. 11. The res-
istivity was measured to an accuracy of 4-5%. In the cam* of
the thermoelectric so wer surements,temperature differences
of the order of 10 wer7produced by special nichrome
heaters. Thermal expansion corrections for or were introduced
in accordance with the method desclibed by the present
authors in Ref. 12. It was found that the temperature
coefficient of resistivity chanSes from "metallic" tol%emi-
conducting" at a temperature of about 500 OC. The
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8802
s/139/60/ooo/006/004/032
9032/9314
The Electrical Resistivity and Thermoelectric Power of
Manganese-silicon Alloys. I. Technical Alloys Containing
Mn3Si and Nn5 Si3
semiconducting character of the curve representing the
resistivity as a function of temperature is preserved on
transition to the liquid state. Thermal e.m.f. studies
showed that hole-type conductivity obtains. it in sugg ted
that the current-carrier gas at room temperature is
degenerate. There are 3 figures and 20 Soviet referenc::.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy politekhnicheskiy inatitut imeni
S.M. Kirova (Ural Polytechnical Institute
imeni S.M. Kirov)
SUBMITTEDi January 14, 1960
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UU104
I Zoo 14!N 11149 S/180/60/000/006/024/030
9111/E335
AUTHORS: "lld P.V., Korshunov. V.A. and Petrushevskiy, M.S.
(S__-L-P;V 't'
(Sverdlo~vsO~
ver
TITLE: some Peculiarities of Liquid Alloys of Silicon With
Iron, Manganese and Chromium
PERIODICAL: Isvestiyo Akadenii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye
tekhmicheskikh nauk, Metallurgiya, i toplivo,
1960, No. 6, pp. 129 - 134
TEXT: The authon point out that the thermodynamic properties
of liquid alloys of silicon with transition elements of the
fourth period deviate substantially from the laws of both ideal
and regular solutions (Refs. 1, 2). They class such silicido
solutions an solutions with strongly interacting particles,
whose theory has not yet been fully developed. Of the various
models proposed to represent the structural characteristics
corresponding to these features, the authors favour those
envisaging a micro-h*terogeneous structure with closest order.
They cite evidence against the alternative model with uniform
(statistical) particle distribution and survey critically
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86704
s/I8o/6o/ooo/oo6/024/030
EllI/E335
Some Peculiarities of Liquid Alloys of Silicon With Iron,
Manganese and Chromium
coefficient in Fe-Si-C than in Mn-Si-C (Ref. 18) (Fig. 3) is
understandable in that iron atoms are wore weakly combined with
carbon particles (and more strongly with silicon) than manganese
atoms. because of the lower bonding energy of chromium with
silicon and higher with carbon, the solubility of carbon in
Fe-Cr-Si-C is higher (Fig. 4) than in the other systems
considered; the influence of iron on chromium is also more
pronounced. The differences in separation of carborundum crystals
from the different melts is due to such effects. of the authors,
Gelld has made many contributions in this field.
There are 4 figures and 18 referencess 15 Soviet and
3 non-Sovi*t.
SUBMITTEDs August 26. 1960
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86705
s/l8o/6o/ooo/oo6/O25/O3O
1ZVb Elll/E335
AUTHORS: Gel Id, P.V. and Gertman, Yu.M. (Sverdlovsk)
TITLE: Interparticle Interaction in Liquid Alloys of
Silicon with Iron and Nickel
PERIODICAL: layestiya Akademii nauk SSSR, Otdeleniye
tekhnicheskikh nauk, Metellurgiya i toplivo,
ig6o, No. 6. pp. 134 - 13-7
TEXT: Numerous studies of liquid alloys of sil.icon with
transition metals of the fourth period have indicated that
alloying in accompanied by a great increase in particle
interaction. Gelld et al (Refs. 1, 2) have proposed the
formation of quasimolecules with directed bonds which produce
the cybotactic microheterogeneous structure. This has been
confirmed (Ref. 3). To obtain further information the authors
determined density isotherms at 1500 0C for alloys of silicon
with iron and nickel. Density. d, g/cm 31 an a function of
vol. % iron (0-100) in shown in Fig. 1; density values are
above additive throughout. On fusion silicon density risen
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86705
s/18o/60/000/006/025/030
Elll/E335
Interparticle Interaction in Liquid Alloys of Silicon with
Iron and Nickel
by about 9%, about double the reported rise for germanium
(Refs. 6, 7) and fusion is probably associated with an increase
in coordination number, delocalization of valency electrons
(Refs. 7, 9) and a large decrease in resistivity (Ref. 7).
Density changes suggest that in silicon-high liquid alloys there
are stable groupings structurally related to alpha-lebeauite
and the c-phase. Nickel silicon alloys provide a further
illustration of the role of coordination. Here, the greatest
deviation of density from the additivity relation occurs at
compositions corresponding to the congruently melting N12si
(Fig. 2). The comparatively small decrease in volume on forming
the Ni-Si melt is understandable in terms of coordination effects
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