JPRS ID: 8687 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100090046-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 97
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 46
• Content Type: REPORTS

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
JPRS L/8687
27 September 1979
. ~1/orldvvide Re ~rt
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
; (FOUO 41 /79)
~g~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPitS L/8687
' 27 5eptember 1979
WORLDW I DE REPOR?' ~
NARCOTICS AND DAHGEROUS DRUGS
(FOUO 41/79) '
CONTENTS PAGE
ASIA
AUSTRALIA `
Senate Committee Concerned Over Use of Hypnotic Drugs
(THE COURIER i~IAIZ, 11 Aug 79) 1
Marihuana Conference Told Corruption Aids Drug Trade ~
(David English; THE AGE, 16 Aug 79) 2
Migrant I1rug Ra.cketeers Said To Finance Activities Abroad
(THE AUSTRALIAN, 14 Aug 79) 3
Judge Slams Social Worker's Advice on Marihuana Use
- (THE COURIER-MAIL, 11 Aug 79) l1
Glaucoma Sufferer's Request To Import Marir~uana Denied
(Jennifer Byrne; THE AGE, 9 Aug 79) 5
_ ~New Trial for Drug Dealer Receiving Longest Sentence
(THE WEST AUSTRAZIAN, 11 Aug 79) 6
~ Thirty Appear on Drugs Charge After Queensland Raid
(THE COURIER-MAIL, 14 Aug 79) 7
Bri ef s
_ Nat Young Charges U-ismissed 9
- Morphine, Cocaine Stolen 9
Gunman on Drug 5pree 9
- Marihuana Grower Fined 9
- Mode1 on Heroin Charges 9
Marihua~;: to Heroin 10
- - a - [III - WW - 138 FOUO]
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page �
BURMA
Briefs
Opium Seized, Addicts Arrested 11
Couple Jailed"5 Years 11
Drug Suppression Dri re 11
- Two Addicts Arrested 12
Heroin in Periicillin Bottle , 12
Two Nabbed for Drug Offense l.?.
, Opium Seized 12
JAPAN
Marihuana, Stimulant Users Drivers~ Licenses Suspended -
(THE DAIZY YaMIURI, 4 sep 79) 13 ~
I,ATIN AMERICA
- " BRAZIL
Maranhao Called Nation's Ma.rihuana Paradise
(JORNAZ DO BRASII,, 9 Aug 79) ....e 14
Results of Anonymous Calls on 1}rug Trafficking =
_ (Edson Flosi; 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAUI,O, 6 Aug 79) 18
Capture of International Drug-Trafficki.z~g Ring Announced
- (JORNAL DO BRASII,, 9 Aug 79) 22
Traffickers~ Arres; Uncovers International Drug Ring
(Various sources, 14, 15 Aug 79) 23
Kilogram of Cocaine Seized . �
Traffickers Give Police Cocaine
War Between Traffickers on Brazil-Paraguay Border Reported
(FOI,HA DE SAO PAUI,O, 10 Aug 79) 26
Police Action Only Nets 10 Percent of Drugs
(0 ESTADO DE SAO PAUTA, 12 Aug 79) 28
Results of 1978 I7rug Control Ef~ort Reported
(FOLHA DE SAO PAUZO, 11~ Aug 79) 30
Addiction Treatment To Be Tntensified; Da.ta Released
( 0 ESTA.DG DE SAO PAUI,O, 2L~ Aug 7 9 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page
Marihuana, Arms Seized, Zarge Planting Destroyed ~
(0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO, 22 Aug 79) ..........o........ 35
Brief s
- New Drug Control System 36
COLOMBIA
~ Ambassador: U.S. Has Not Suspended Antidrug Aid
(Julian Escovar; EL TIEMPO, 9 Aug 79) 37 -
Cocaine Laboratory Raided in Bogota
(EL TIEMPO, 17 Aug 79) 1~1 =
Cocaine Seized, Traffickers Arrested
(F`rancisco Cristancho; EI, ESPECTADOR, 10 Aug 79) 1~4
Trafficker Killed in Attack on Jail
(EL ESPECTADOR, 10 Aug 79) L~7~
Government To Boost Agriculture in Marihuana Region
(Bogota Radio Cadena Nacional, 17 Aug 79) 1~8
MEXICO
- Drug Traffic Motive for pouble Murder in Xicotencatl
- (EL BRAVO, 27, 28 Aug 79) ~9
Four Arrested '
. Ftiirther Details ]7isclosed
Briefs ~
Airport Manager Shipping Marihuana 52
Heroin Traffickers Caught 52
Cocaine Smuggler Foiled 52
Status Report on Seizures 53
Baseball Entrepreneur Charged 53
_ Heroin Trafficker Released 53
Trafficker Arrested in Torreon 5)~
Three Marihuana Traffickers Sentenced 54
Federal Judicial Police Ra.id 5Lt
- Marihuara-plantation Destroyed 55
PANAMA
Brief s
Drug Trafficker Arrested 56
Yugoslav Trafiicker Arrested 56
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CONTENTS ((;ontinued) Page -
NEAR F~1ST AND NORTH AFRICA
J IRAN . .
PGOI Announces Anti-Opium Campaign
(Homayoun Forouzan; TEHR,AN TIl~lE5, 9 Sep 79) 57
Brief s
- Drug Addictiora Spreads 58
~ WEST EUROPE
.
FEDERAL RE;PUBI,IC OF GERMANY
Analysis of Heroii: Scene, Police Measures Given
(DER SPIEGEL, 27 Aug 79) 59 `
Cocaine-Smuggling Gang Broken Up in Munich
(Johann Freudenreich; SUEDDEUTSCHE ZE1T~i.TNG, 16 Aug 79) 68
_ Heroin Smuggling ~om Asia to FRG I}iscussed
(DER SPIEGEL, 27 Aug 79) 71
The ~Turkish Connection'
The Afghan-Pakistani Opiwn,Scene, by
Erich Wiedemann
Seizures of Heroin in Amsterdam, Frankfurt, O.f'fenbach ~
~ Reported,
(Volker Gallandi; FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU, 17 Aug 79) 83 ~
FRANCE
Brief s ~
Overdose Death Statistics 85
PORTUGAL
Chinese Traffickers Arrested Transporting Heroin .
(0 PR'Q~+IEIRO DE JANEIRO, 7 Aug 79) 86
Eight Kilograms Confiscated
- One Trafficker Escapes
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AUSTRALIA.
SENATE COMMITTEE CONCERNED OVER USE OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS
Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 11 Aug 79 p 10 _
[Tex~t] Canberra.--About $300,000 was spent annually on mandrax prescriptions
for Australia's 320,000 repatriation beneficiasies, according to figures pre-
sented yesterday to a Veterans' Affairs Depaxtment Senate Committee.
The department told the s~tanding committee on social welfare that 7,66?,328
items were dispensed for beneficiaxies in 1977-,78 at a direct cost of more _
than $33 million. ` -
Just under 1 per cent a b u s e of inedicalion ~~~ular surveys were
of this t.ntal drug bill ~ras available over the count- conducted to eatabllsh
yl~~nt c,n ~he dan~ernus er or on prescription. prescribing trends.
_ hy~pnot[c mancirax u~hich Pharmaceutlca] ser- But the department
has n~~~v been restrir.ted vices director Dr. G, s a i d, stxff restricticns
ii~ s~me S6ates becausc of Rrooks said there would had limited the degree of
Hbuse by drug depend- alwaps be problems n~ith surveillance that could
cnLs. 6he presrrfbing of hyp- be undertaken.
The committee chair- �notics. .
man ~Senator Baumel The department� said Chairman of the A.C.T.
atiked depar~^~ental me- in, a Submission that the cansumer affairs council,
� di~.a! otticers ~vhat cnuld incidence of prescribinK Mr. M. J. Vernon told the
, be dnne aboiit the high of a number of the top 40 c o m rn i t t e e later the
Ievei of rnnndrax pre- n o n-n a t i o n a 1 health council ~ Was concerned
~criptioi~s, scheme dru~s (!ncludlr.g about the misuse of nU-
- '['he Medir.al fier~�inr.s mindrax) cocld be ques- tritional supplemehts, ~
~hirl' director tnr. K, Lioned as not being in
r'~~~~~~~~~~ tia~~ ~P- the best intei~es6''o`f"the LatAst market resesrch
linns ~cr.rP a~�aii~,ble - I,n patier.ts. ~ had shown that the total
prohibit Mandrax u;~ or ' � v i t a m i n marhet war
bo~,in an educa6ion cam- These drugs also in- worth,'r~lore than $]0
p;~~~~~ c i u d e d carbritel and m i 111 o n at wholesale
nembudeine. price to pharmacists.
~~~c~~~(~~~~ The d^.partment:s sub- Fat solubie vitsmins
- mission ~aid continual n~ere stored in the bodp
The commil~.er is in- c~n�eeillance of the locai and vi6amins "A" and ~
, n~+irin~; intn Uir. u~r. ancl officer scneme was car- ~~D" had toxic limits ~be-
- rieci out to minimise in- ,yond whici~ their cdn-,
cidence of "inappropriate sumPtion could cause ill-
a n d e x p e n s i v e pre- ness snd death. �
scribitig." ~
cso: 5300
.
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AUSTRALIA
~
MARIHUANA CONFERENCE TOLD CORRUPTION AIDS DRUG TRADE
Melbourne THE AGE in English 16 Aug 79 p 18
- ~Arti.cle by David English] -
AbELAID~E. -�Auatra- While marijuana had been
[Text] nearly Impossible to find in
lia'8 expan~ittg lfet+oin mid 1978, liberal quantities
_ trade nlied on Uce of heroin had been avaii� .
corrupEion ~nd po icsl able.
tOlerBtfCe fOt eucvivu~l. The crackdown had had
A Sydney iCademie told some disturbinn effects. ;ie
a oonference on cannrabia said.
yeatee+day. "Most cannabis sellers
.The heroin ttade wae vtr� have been replaced by a
tually � tmposs:ble to eradi- new breed ot drug dealers,
c,ate with established police heroin pushers, � for whom
strueturec, Dr. Alfred Mc- violence and murder are re-
Coy aaid.' quisite ,tools o( trade."
The Ametican-born Dr. Austra~lia'~ drug sub�cul-�
_ McC:oy is a~lecturer in ~is- ture had been radically
- co ~it-~ftte"-iTn
versity ~of changed as a result.
NS~ and author Qf the book
'TNe Pal!tica of Heroin !n Dr. McCoy told the
' South-Eaat Aaia', fourth Nationai Cannabis
. He said overseas experi- Conference that heroin . ~
ence had shown that politi- trading ou~ht to be an easy
cal tolernce for syndicate- thing to eradicate in theory.
type crime and a modicum A great deal of the trade
of police corruptIon were was._ predictable and canied ~
necesaary for heroln trade. out on the streets. It wac
There was no doubt tha�t a~tso expanding and involv-
_ these existed in Sydney and ing more people, and there�
to a lesser extent in Mel� form theoreticaliy easier
- bourne.
Dr. McCoy aaid the for ~oiice to: detect.
amount of heroin seized But its pro}lt atructure,
_ a�hen three Australians were which was huge, made lt
_ arre,ted in Rangkok IASt palitically strong and vir- _
year showed t!;at heroin tually imposaible to eradi�
trafficking to Australia was eate with establlshM police
highly organised, structure~.
There had been a massive "With their enurmous
increase in the use of her- proflt the crime syndicates
oin in Australia in the past have the money to purchase ;
two years as a direct result political protection and i
of the po)ice crackdown on police complicity.
marljuana, he added. �
cso: 5~00
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AUSTR.4LIA
, MIGRANT DRUG ItACKETE~RS SAID TO FINANCE ACTNITIES ABROAD
~
Car~hex�ra THE AUSTI3ALIAN in ~nglish 1~ Aug 79 P 3
~ ~Tex~t]
POGICI', !t'onl lhe (:ol'tl- Commonwealth Police liead- Cell members were not will-
quarters. As the size of ' ing to assist investigation into
monWedlth Undercove'r Austr&lia's migrant ~,aimmu- offences they considered aided
Squad have received allega- nity increased, law enforce- their so-called "struggle:
tions that Some polltlCdl ment agencies made more He said . another common
activities overseas are bein frequent contact with ethnic problem was the language
g criminal groups, Inspector barrier and using interpreters
financed irom Australia by Lamb said. was not always satlstactory
Tni~;rant drUg 1'aCkelCtTS. But lawbreakers among eth- because of security leaks.
nic qroups were in the minor- Inspector Lamb said It might
'Phe allegations were ity, he said. In some cases the be necessary to set up a lin-
repeated yesterday when a. underlying factor behind their guistic division of specialist
senior police officer with the crimes was patriotism for police who could work as inter-
squad gave evidence in Sydney their home countries. preters as well as monitor elec-
to the Federal Royal Commis- ' tronic surveillance eqtllpment.
sion into Drugs. ~ETHNtC CELLS~ He said ~Jperation Qaslight
Detective Inspector Peter They did not consider the had watched people nomin-
Lamb also told the inquiry acts criminal, but just ated by witnesses and had
- tha6 organised crime among methods to further causes taken photographic evidence. ,
some ethnic groups was on the supported by their ethnic Inspector Lamb said there
increase, ~.oUp did not appear to be a Mr Big
Iie said he took part in Opcr- Inspector Lamb said inquir- operatingin Australia.
ation Gaslight, a surveillance ies were difficult because Instead there were organised
- operation se6 up in 1978 to these groups did not assimi- criminal groups which did not
itrvesLigate information qiven ~~,te easily. They established ~PPear to be contained by geo-
to Lhe royal commission by ~ells from which they ~'aphic.borders or a particular
witnesses. conducted their "nefarious ac~ type of crime.
A select team of investiga- tivities:'
~ors worked from an old builtl-
ing in 8YdneY. awa.v frotn
~
.
r~so: 5300 -
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AU5TRALIA
JUDGE SLAMS SOCIAL WORKER'S ADVICE ON MARIHUANA USE
l3risbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 11 Aug 79 p 1 .
[Text]
A SOCIAL WORKER, who told a mother He said it was unfortunate lhat Lhere
her son's use of morihuana was no more were people ClamouTing for the decriminal-
serious than smoking tobacco, was unfit for isation of marlhuantt - people who failed
fhe profession, the Chief Ju~tiee (Sir Charles to ,realis~ the dan~erous consequences of
Wanstall) said' yesterday. the availability of what they called "soft
drugs."
Sir Charles jailed Jonathan Paul bir. Sturgess s~.id Bzird had been an ex-
Baird, 21, university student, formerly of cellent student and was in the third year of
b4'oodstock Road, Toowong, for three, years. a humanities course at' Griffith UNversity
Bair;l pleaa~d guiiPy Lo chargas of,ha~�- when the offences took place.
ing had heroin for sale or supply, having I~ said._B81Yd__k~~ been_ introduced to
}:ad l~ashisii oil for sale or supply and hav- drdgs during overseas travels.
ing had utensils used in administering a Aaird went to the drug dependence unit
dangerous drug. voluntarily for tiis heroin addlction, Mr.
Mr. Stur~ess "~far Baird) said that ~turgess said.
when Baird began to get involved with He said Ba;rd's dddiction started before
drugs, his mother contacted a social worker. he became :nvolved with selling the drug. '
Iie said the social ~~~orker told Mrs. Baird was a victim of the unlawful trade in ~
Baird tha6 her son's marihuana smoking druSs.
was no moi�e serious Lhan smoking tobacco. Sir Charles Wanstall said if the social
The Cro~vn prosecutor (Mr. K. O'Brien) worker did make the comment about mari-
:>a1d Baird told detectives he had been, �gA- huana, he or she had no appreclstio~ of the
ing heroin tio ~ends at S30 a deal - for consequences of involvement with the drug.
~.bout a month. He said judges and the legni commuNty . �
Baird also said he had been addicted to were only too well acquainted ~vith the con- '
heroln for six monLhs. nection between marihuana and graduation
Sir Charles said Baird's heroin addic- to heroin.
6ion was a classic example of the dangers of He said it gave him no pleasure to jall -
Llie availability of marihuana: young people like Baird, but he owed a duty
He said marihuana operated as an in- 6o the community to do so, to overcome the
Iroductio~i to drugs as a cult. It conditioned risk of young people taking up with dan-
Ihe mind lo accept illegal drug use and be- gerous drugs.
rame i,he ~rading stock to buY heroiii. He jailed Baird for a total of three years.
� 1,
- cso: 5300
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AUSTRAI~IA
~
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C.I~IUCOMt~ SUFI~'ERER'S REQUEST TO IMPORT MARIHUANA DENIED
Mell,ouz�nc THE AGE in English 9 Aug 79 p 6
l.Arti.cte b,y Jennifer B,yrne]
['I'ex~t) Washington, Augus~t 8.--Australia's health officials have refused a
Washington glaucoma sufferer's application to bring his prescribed 'medicine' .
--up t.o 210 m~,rijuana cigaxettes--with him when he visits Australia nex~ week.
Mr. Rubert Randall, 3l, receives a reduction in intraocular pressure".
daily, legal dose of lU pure marijuana In the past year. 14 states have pass-
cigarettes each day from the US Go- ed laws legalising marijuana for hea.lth
vernment. resgarch, specifically for glaucoma a,nd
He has appealed against the Aus- cancer patients.
tralian Department of Health's ruling, Mr. RandaIi, a speech professnr in
citing medical opinion that the daily Washington, said he first discavered
use c~f marijuana is critical to the suc- the therapeutic effects of marijuana in
cessful control o[ his debilitating eye 1973, when, after smoking two 'joints',
di~ease. the white rings clouded his vision dis-
""V?ithouf' ~'iar~juana, ,i''~uld Sufifel' ' appeared.
immediate injury to my eyes and would, 'I~vo years later he was arrested and
eventually, ~o blind," iV4r, Randall said charged with growing marijuana in his
yesterday. home.
The department has blocked'Mr. Ran- After a series af court cases, the Go-
dall's applicacion on the grounds that vernment settled out of ~court and Mr.
there is "no scientiftc evidence" to su - Randall became the first person for ~10
P years to obtain marijuana through the
port his claims that the drug is vital conventional doctor-patient-pharmacy
to save his sighC. routine. , _
Yet the US Department of' Health, Mr. Randal.l has ~~een invited to Aus-
Edtication and Welfare in 1976 report- tralia hy the Cannabis Research Foun-
ed to Congress that marijuana created a dation, to speak in Adelaide on the
' "consistent ~ clinically significant therapeutic use of marijuana.
_
~,50: `~3~~
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AUSTRALIA
NEW TRIAL FOR DRUG DEALER RECENING LONGEST SENTENCE ~
Perth THE WEuT AUSTRALIAN in English 11 Aug 79 p 10
[Text] An appeal court yesterday ordered a new trial for pomonick Mancini (25),
who is serving 15 1~2 yeaxs' gaol for dealing in heroin.
Mancini's sentence wae b~' tained.
Australia's longest tor a ~ He was sentenced by Four other grounds o!
drug oifender because he Mr' JusUce Jonea on appeal were dismiesed. ~
was given no minimum Aprii 5.
term. But� a ground which
�Yt'was argued for Man- suoceeded waa the claim
A 5ydney drug dealer cini Eefore the appeal ~at ~the h-tal judge mis-
- was sentenced to 20 court on JuIy 13 and 16 �~e jury on the
years' gaol Isst year, but that the trial ~udge had
was allowed a minimum wrongly admitted into g~~ ,-Oi , prooi in de�
fining reasonable
oi 10 years to be served evidence a;tape recording doubt" as "n a g g i n g
before parole. and transcript o! a con� doubt" �
The Court ot Criminal versation between a wit- '
Appeal decided yesterday ness and ManciN: DIRECTION
that the iudge's direction g~ORDES The other ground al-
at Mancini's trzal in Feb~ ~e ta recorder had ` lowed was that the trial
' ruary wav,..unsatisfacta Pe
ry. been sfrapped by deter� judge wrongly directed
T~,vo o! Mancini's eight tives to the, back o! the the ~ury in relation to
! witness, an assoCiate o1 which of ti~e" witnesses
grounds of appeal ta Mancini, who 'had been might fall into the cate�
~ether had involved a arrested on a drug gory o! accomplices and
. substantial miscarriage charge and agreed to ca as to the necessity for
of justice, not necessar- operate with the police and meaning oP corrobor�
ity in the result but in to trap Mancini. ation o1 the witnesses.
the manner in which the ~
result was achieved. Mr,; Justice Wickham In the end a kind oi
'1'lie Safe course was to said-with Mr Justica warnin~ was given, but
set aside the verdicts, T..avan and Mr Justice it was not given in ade� ,
r3uash Mancini's convic- Smith a~reeing-that the quate terms, Mr Justice
tion on four charges and taPe re~~ing ._was ad� Wickham said
order a retrial. iniss#bSe,.i! it was proD~ The cose against Manci�
Mancini was convicted ly proved. " ni, if a proper directiom---'
by a Supreme Court jury Aiter prooi there,might on corroboratlon;-nad
_ on February 26 of pos- be n wide range oi mat- been given, would have
' sessing heroin wIth in� ters that could affect the been much weaker than
_ tent to sel] or sup~ly it weight oi the material. it must have appeared to
and su~plying heroin at However, in this case the jury without that
_ Apple~ross on September the tape and the tran- P~Per direction
14, and two similar roeron Mr ~wnc. i.av.n. Mr
seript were admissible ~�s~c. W~ckA~m ~a M~ ~~uk.
counts at Perth on Octo. and this ound of ap� sm~tn. wor i. o. ~�~br ro~ M,~.
' gT ti~l, Mr K. M P~rker, c~ C, and
pe81 COULC~�. IlOt t1E S115� Mr L. s. Robbfns tor tAe Crown).
cso: ,300
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nu,STr~nr,Tn
'PIIlIi.`1'Y APPEAR ON DRUGS CHARGE AFTER QUEEIVSLAND RAID
[3r:isbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 14~ Aug 79 p 13
. [Text] Surfers' Paradise.--Thirty men and women appeaxed in Southport Court
,yes l;crday on drug-related charges aftez� one of Queensland's laxgest co-ordina-
ted. police raids .
Mariy of' the charges involved the possession or sale of heroin.
Detec~tives from the Gold Coast, Brisbane and Ipswich joined for the raid which
l,egan early on Saturday and con~Linued throughout the week-end.
Magistrates, Mr. J. Kerryn Lee Anderson, Rodney Baker Red-, '
Ruthcrford and Mr. ~ L. 1 9, Southport, unem- m a n, 'l8, Broedbeach,
~'Connell took almost ploy~ed, three cl~'arges, re= unemployed, one chnTge,
f hree-and-a-halt hours manded seven days, bail Pleaded gullty, sentenc~d
to rocess ctiar es. te four months' imprls-
p B 3245d, surety 52000. onment. .
't h o s e~ charged are: Nefl Rfchard Brooks, Vefta. Elena Smith, �40,
Deborah Joy Hunston, 22, 30, Broadbeach, unem- B u r 1 e 1 g h Wstery, one
~ Surfers' Paradlse, part- p i o y~ d ~alesr?r4n; two charge fined a2p0 ip
time chef (formerly of charges, remanded seven default~four weeks.
Melbourne), 5 charges, days, b~il refused. � Catherine MsiYie F.~IIy,
bail retused, remanded to Petei David Roberts, 23, Miaml, two charges,
a p p e a r 1n Southport 24, spraq painter,, Bur- convicted . fined $400 in
Court in seven da,ys. Hel- leigh, faur ,che~rges,~ re- default six weeks ,~ail.
- en Josephine Martin, 20, manded seven days, bail Jeffrey To~n Row3ands,
Sur[ers' Parudise (for- $900, surettes SS00,. ' 23, Miami, on~ chsrge
merly of Melbourne) 2, Suaan Louise Thomp- $100 or 10 days. `
r.harqes, convlcted and son,~ 20, Iste ' of Capri, "Roderic:: Vlctor Lath-
(Ined 3320, in default B unethployed, tavo charges, ' er, .Mermald Sea~h,, or~fl..
' weeks'.jail, p 1 e a d e d guilty, fined ! ~charge, fined~$260' or five
~40Q, 14 days pay. weeks i je,ll. .
~ Remands Grant Douglas Red- ~ phillip Jol1n FIighd~rt-
m a n, 23, Broad~beach,
Denise Luwton Shulle, unemployed, two charges, ~ Smith, xami~ton one
27, Mcrmaid Beach, bar- remanded seven days, �Lharge, fined 9130 ~or two
maid, two charges, re- bail and sureties, ~12,000. weeks' jail: �
manded�seven days. sure- Graeme Ernest Halli- Jermey Jarn~es Cldr-
ty bail E10;500. day, 23, unemployed, one 1 d g e,~ 1~, Kirta, . one
Crni~ Norm~,n � Trud- rharge, pieaded gullty, charge; f1ne4 ~376' ~or. s1x -
~e16. 25, electrical con- fined 550. weeks' Jail.
tractor, one charge, re- Rob Docen, 22, BYOad- �
manded seven days, E400 b e a c h, 1 a b o r e r, one ~i~es
hA~~ charee, pleaciFd ~ guilty,
ffned ~50. Roderick Andrew Ash-
- Kelran Patrick PEpyat, Neil Damian Carey, 29, man, 26, Burleigh Yieads,
2 2, Surfers' Paradlse, Burlelgh; ]aborer; two two charges, fined ~00
iinemPioyed, five charges; charqes, pleaded 'guilty, or two weeks' jail.
remanded seven days, flned g350, in default six
baii rPtused. weeks' jail.
7
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Leslie Anne.Rtckie, 23,
Burlelgh Heede, three
chargee,. ' f1i~M =360 or
' seved weetis',,~,il:� -
Steved' ROSiuld (3ra-.
he~r; , ar, :,.c~ooiaa~gatca, '
two ctiarges, Sin~d ~425
or ritab weeks' jail~. ~
,B�r.ab ~ :~~CfrAMm.:. 78,.
Southport, ~~:ot'te ' chsrge,
flned Z150 or three weeks'
jail. � .
Linda~ ~.�6ud McItttyre, .
17, ~ SouthpOrt; finld':25
or flve d~Ys' ~ail.
N i C h o 1 a a RiChard
~ Duckworth, Mt. ~ Tambo-
rlne, three charges, re-
manded for 14 days.
John Anthony Fraser,
- MiFUn1, two charges, re-
manqeQ .qn bail for 14
daYS. ' '
Jonathon~ 6mith, 22,
Bouthport, tlitee chargea; .
remsnded for 14 days.
Jen .MereQ:RathteR z6~
Bouthport, . bnr attend-
ant, ,six char~es, , re-'
manddd'sevetl dsya, sure-
ty bail ~W,000: '
Destnond, C~eorge . Nel-
son,.28, Nobby'Seach, one
charge, =19Q or 14 �days'
jail. �
cso: 5300
8
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4
AUSTRALIA, _
~ _
~ -
BRIEF'S
NAT YOUNG CHARGES DISMISSED--Sydney.=-Chaxges alleging that former surfing
champion Robert Haxold (Nat) Young allowed his farm to be used for growing
maxihuana were dismissed in the Grafton Court of Petty Sessions yesterday.
Young had pleaded not guilty. Magistrate N. C. Pepper found that police had
not established a prima facie cas~ against the former world champion surfer.
[Excerpt] [Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 14 Aug 79 p 2~
MORPHINE, COGAINE STOLEN--Rockhampton.--Thieves stole a laxge ~1uantity of mor-
~phine, cocaine and other drugs from E. J. Brock, chemist, of Musgrave Street,
North Rockhampton, at the week-end. CText] ~Brisbane THE COURi~R-MAIL in
English 1~ Aug 79 P 13]
GUNMAN ON DRUG SPREE--Sydney.--The man police shot dead after a thcee-hour -
siege yesterday spent a$w7,000 inheritance on heroin in seven months, police
said last night. Gordon Pierce Thoma,s was killed by a specia'1 police officer
after he fired more than 100 shots at police, reporters and residents, from
fla~t in tine harborside suburb of Rose B~,y. [Excerpt] [Melbourne THE AGE _
~ in English 8 Aug 79 p 1]
MARIHUANA GROWER FINED--A man who grew 600 maxihuana plans in his paxents'
backyard was fined $2,000 in Woll~ngong District Court yesterday. Police
claimed the plants would have had a street value of $100,000 if fully cropped.
Robert Talebski, 23, a shop assista,nt, of Allan Street, Port Kembla, pleaded
guilty to supplying Indian hemp at Wollongong between October 25, 1977 and
- November 26, 1977, and to supplying it at Port Kembla on December 3, 1977~ in
that he possessed an amount in excess of the prescribed quantity. Judge Gee
placed him on a five-year good-behavior bond. [Text] ~Sydney THE 5YDNEY
~ MORNING HERALD in English 8 Aug 79 p 37
MODEL ON HEROIN CHARGES--Sydney.--A 22-yeax-old model appeared in a Sydney
court yesterday charged with possessing heroin with a street value of more than
$200,000. Lenore Yvonne Marshall, of Palm Beach, Queensland, was alleged to
have possessed heroin in Sydney on Monday. Mr. G. Scraggs, for the Crown~
told the magistra+e, Mr. Smyth, that when Miss Marshall arrived at Sydney Air-
port from Bali, about 250 grams of heroin were found in the speaker boxes of
a stereo system she was caxrying. Mr Smyth refused bail, saying the allega-
tions were serious. [Text] [Melbourne THE AGE in English 8 Aug 79 p 12]
9
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MARIHUANA TO HEROIN--A rnan who sold heroin to an undercover policema.n was sen-
tenced in the Crimina,l Court yesterday to three years' jail. The Chief Justice
' (Sir Chaxles Wanstall) said Paul Francis Crosisca was a classic exa.mple of a -
young man who graduated from maxihuana to heroin use. Crosisca, 22, formerly
of Quinn Street, Toowong, pleaded guilty to four charges of ha.ving sold heroin,
between December 18 and 29 last yeax. Sir Charles said Crosisca sold heroin
to an undercover policeman, whose main purpose had been to try to catch Cro-
~ sisca's supporter. Sir Chaxles said he accepted tha.t Crosisca had dealt in
heroin solely to sugport his own heroin addicition and without making much
profit. He said Crosisca started usin~ maxihuana, in 1976 and. was addicted to
heroin 12 months later. [Excerpts] ~Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English
8 Aug 79 P 18~
cso: 5300
10
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_ ~
Buxr~,
BRIEFS
OPIUM SEIZED, A^~ZCTS ARRESTED--Mergui, 28 Aug--Mprgui city police station
officer U NyunC Tin and Subinspector U Myo Myint; Cogether with a police
squad, yesterday searched the residence of U Ba Shin in Myitnge Ward,
and found U Ba Shin and M~~~ng Thein of Tatpyin Ward smoking opium. Also
seized from the two men~`~;were 1 pipe for smoking opium, 20 sma11 packets
of cooked opium and 17 items uf opium smoking paraphenalia. Charges have
been filed under Sectiori~s 6.B and 10.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law. [TextJ
[Rangoon MY~',NMA ALIN in Burmese 5 Sep 79 p 7 BK]
COUPLE JAILED 5 YEARS--Martaban, 27 Aug--Township people's court No 3
chaired by U Myo Aung yesterday sentenced 5 years imprisonment each to .
Ko Myint Lwin, alias San Hoke, and his wife r4a Than Nwe under Sections 6.B
and 10.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law. The case was brought to trial when
on 6 July 1978, ward peonle's councillor U Ye Lwin with the assistance from
the people's police force raided Ko Myint Lwin's house after receiving
information Chat he was using and selli~lg heroin its Panchard Ward, near
the Martaban railways statian. During the raid, Ko Myint Lwin and his wife
were found using heroin. Also found at the house were some heroin and
. penicillin bottles for putting heroin. [Text] [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN
in Burmese 1 Sep 79 p~ BK]
DRUG SUPPRESSION DRIVR~-Kyunhla, 6 Aug-~Under the guidance of the Sagaing
Division People's Council and Kyunhla Township Party Unit, Kyunhla township
people's council has formed four action teams to eliminate drug dealers
and addicts in the township. One of the teams led by U Yi, township
people's council chairman, U Kyaw Myint, council executive in charge of
security, and U Sein Hla U, police station officer, has been touring
village tracts since 4 August to arrest drug dealers and addicts and to
file charges against them. Between March and August, 32 drug users and
38 cases have been brought to trial. Of the 38 cases, four cases are
for violation of Section 10.B and the rest are for violation of Section 6.B
of the Narcotic Drugs Zaw. [Text] [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese
_ 7 Sep 79 p 7 BK]
11
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. TWO ADDICTS ARRESTED--Moulmein, 4 Sep--Moulmein's Shwetaung ward peopl.e's
c~uncil secretary U Hla Tun and a party, and a crime prevention squad from
Moulmein police station at 1100 yesterday raided the residence of
U Sho Maung at No 18,A, Central Lane, Shwetaung Ward, and found Chit Swe
and Sulu who were in possession of three cigarettes laced with heroin, -
a hypodermi~: syringe and needle, a cup used for dissolving heroin and a
small packet of heroin. Sulu, who had injECted some heroin, was found
unconscious. Moulmein city police station has filed charges under the
Narcotic Drugs Law. [Text] [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 7 Sep 79
PP 7, 8 BK]
HEROIN IN PENICILLIN BOTTLE--Homalin, 20 Aug--Acting on information provided
by a worki.ng people, a team of po~.icemen led by Sub-Inspector of Police
U Kyaw Maung of Myoma Police Station searched Maung Tin Myint alias
- Laun~ Ko Tin of Monywa at Naukmajit Ward in Homlin, Sagaing Division
and seized some heroin in five penicillin bottles hidden in his underpants.
Later, Maung Tin Myint threw away the five bottles of heroin. However,
the policemen were able to recover one of the bottles. Charges have been
filed against him under Section 6(B) and 10 (B) of the Narcotic Drugs Law
as we11 as under Section 353/20 [as published] for destroying evidence.
' [TextJ [Rangoon LOKTHA PYEITHU NEZIN in $urmese 1 Sep 79 p 4 BK]
TWO NABBED FOR ARUG OFFENSE--Taunggyi, 31 Aug--A police party from Taung-
gyi Myoma Police Station arrested two men who were reportedly injecting
heroin on drug addicts for a fee yesterday. The two men were caught near
Nyaungshwe lake in Kanshay Ward here at 3 pm yesterday. They were report-
edly waiting for drug addicts to inject heroin. Six packets of heroin
valued at K 10 each, a plastic hypodermic syringe and K 380 believed to
be proceeds from the sale of heroin were seized from them. Police are _
taking action against them under Section 14 (d) (failure to register for
treatment) and 10 (b) (sale) of the Narcotic Drugs Law. [Text] [Rangoon
THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 10 Sep 79 p 8]
OPITJM SEIZED--Rangoon, 7 Sep--U Tin Shwe (49) of Khanaungto village was
caught with a packet of opium residue at the corner of 20th and Maha
Bandoola Streets by a crime prevention squad of the Rangoon Division PPF
yesterday evening. I.atha police are taking action against him under Sec-
- tions 6(b) (possession) and 14(d) (failure to register for treatment) of
the Narcotic Drugs Law. Similarly two packets of opium residue were
seized from U Shwe Ku (58) of Kwinma village, Hlegu Township in the back-
lane between 19th and 20th Streets by a police party. Madu Rahman (38)
who was found together with U Shwe Ku was also arrested. [Text] [Rangoon
_ THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 10 Sep 79 p 8]
CSO: 5300
- 12
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FUR 01~FICI:11L USE ONLY
JAl'AN
MARIHUANA, STIMULANT USERS DRIVERS' LICENSES SUSPENDED
Tokyo TH~ DAILY YOMIURI in English 4 Sep 79 p 2
[Text]
TRe MNro~l?ofltan Police DepaMrnenf (INPD) Monday . Accordln8 ~O . th$ ~~d
~usp~nded the drfver`'s ' 1lcen~es of ' 29~ habitual~ u~ers of �.~~lice'~.� ~can
sfimulanf~ drups oR hemp fo~ 18b elayi: v~' '~~e "drlv~r'e~'.~ll~~s
~ of addicts oi narcotlce or
_ ' _ _ . : ? ~ . � . atlmul~ta~ . :but no provi-
All 29 have . records oi Froin'among 1',OS~ pexson~ ~�~~e in , the law ~ provlde
previous arrests on suspicion who were arrested for using ;
violating, ' the Sti~ulant ~ ~or ' posseesing- � stl~ii~i~? ~ ~ ~~~t .police can , revoke or
Drugs , Control; Law or. other ~rug~, ~hemp or � l naxoot~tCB;~ .~~~~d , the licensea of .
laws,. and riiost a're me2n- ; Prom ';d'~ril;: t~hrough..,July'~ :People only . beCauee they
bers of gangs. thls year, the MPD flrst hab~i~ual}y uee. dru8s. . .
The MPD said it resorted chose those who had driv-' y In April, however,,the~Na-
to this iorcible step to pre- er s licenses..~ , tional Police Agency .(NPA)
vent ;~a,bitual drug'� 'users ; Tk}e H~PD. ' then: eelected ~cided t~ apply ; Article
10.s.-of; the ~,law .xo ,.control
from causing accidents un- .:those who :wer~e placed on habltuai drug asera.
der' the' influence oi drugs ~ probatlon or those; ~ whom. The �aPt4cle stlpulabes that
at a'tlme when the num- Droseauters ~ had:"n~5ti inclict�. 8tyypend~ the
ber of those who use stimu- . ed, o~ '~ie 8roilnda that ~ it ~
er's licenses : af~' a~ per-
lan t
s or hemp , has been in- 'was meaxiing}~ss to suapend ~n ~n~n it . is � ieared that
creasing year bq' year. ' the lic~ses ' pf ' those who '~s ~~g ,~Il cauee sn
This is the Srst time that a'ere serving term8.; ~ e~eme danBer,
the MPD has suspended; the . The ~.29,` persotlE,, pi~e thoae police in �Hoklt9ildo, IWa-
driver's liCenses ~oi habitual �who have used� druga' or ,~_~n,and other.prefectuxal
. dr~ig users. po9sessed� them for the .pur- diabrlcts had �previ0u~ly sws-
' r~ose ~ oP:l usln'g them~ twlce �pended the licenses ot a
or more in �th~. past a1x total 49 drug users, but. this
months and wri'o police is the Srst time that as
lieve :will repeatedly ~e mariY ~ as 29 person~ k~av~
them... ~ ' bee~ p~ished at a.tlme:-
COPYRTGHT: (Nikkan) THE DAILY YOMIURI (1979)
CSO: 5300
,13
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~
_ ,
BRA~IL
MARANHAO CALLED NATION~S MARIHUANA PARADISE
- Rio de ~aneiro JORNAL DO BRASIL ~n Portuguese 9 Aug 79 p 4 Section B
[Text] According to the police, tfie planting of marihuana is so widespread
in Maranhao that ~or every foot of babassu palm there is a foot of the
toxicant. It is planted in the state's 129 mnnicipalities as well as in
most of the backyards of the island of Sao Lu~s. Formarly restricted to
unoccupi:ed land or to dense forests to avoid iepressive action by the
aurfiorities, plantations now accupy so-called ferti].e soil, such as the
marshy borders of small and large rivers and creeks in receding periods.
This is true to the extent that Maranhao is now considered by federal
narcotics agents as the ma~or Brazilian marifiuana storehouse, supplying
more than 70 percent of the domestic market a~ we11 as exports.
Last week 64agents of the Maranhao division of the Federal Police parttally
, surrounded 28 municipalities in tlie t4aranfiao lowlands, setting up head-
~ quarters for the operation in tTie municipality of Pindare-PZirim 252 km
southeast of Sao Luis.
The agents spent 28 days hidden in the forests and succeeded in seizing
about 400 tons of marihuana: 365,034 kg still in the,green-leaf stage and
1,870 ready for consumption in domest~c and foreign markets. At current -
prices this quantity would bring in S billion cruzeiros.
Accordtng to Commissioner Newton Vieira Ltma, coordinator of the Guaribas
operation, this police action did not, in reality, reach the ma~or centers.
For example, in Vitorino Freire, areas known to be large producers were
not checked out, as access to that area is difficult and dangerous. In
addition to the agents' lack of transportation, the planters and traffickers'
lookouts placed deadly booby traps to prevent the police from reach~ng
them. Last year an agent was killed by a 20-caliber rifle bullet triggered ~
when he crossed the contraption's line of fire.
Plaranliao marihuana intended for export goes directly from the production
sources to Be1em, in Para, and from there it is sent to tfie Guianas, where -
it is redistributed for sale in various countries, including the United
States. Up to now the authorities liave not succeeded in establishing the
traffic's route and believe tfiat there are fiighways and large hidden patbs
tTirougfi the forests through whicfi Maranhao's production flows.
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Not all Aiarnnhao's marihuana follows tho~e clandestine routes. Some of
tt, intended for the domestic market, is transported via ~ederal highways
packed in secret compartments in passenger automobiles, preferably of tre
Maverick type because of its roomier trunk, or in transport trucks mixed ,
with the hay for the cattle or hidden under the gasoli`ne tank.
In tfia: Guianas the marihuana gives rise to other illegal trade: that of _
smuggl~.ng, as it is exchanged for whiskey and fiousehold appliances which
enter the country by the same route used to ship the "grass."
In Commission.er Lima's opinion, although thF police is in possession of
all those facts, it has not yet succeeded ir~~: unraveling tbe tangled ball
of yarn, tT~at is, the organization which i.s`'~xploiting the marihuana
traffic in the country. The leaders, people~`of social and political ~
importance, never appear. 'TIzey generally operate through~agents, and the
- agents are careful not to be seen in their contacts with the planters.
The latter are ~asically poor and ingenuous farmers who give up conventional
crops to plant marihuana, inasmuch as this o~fe~rs them better living
conditions or more equ:ttable payment for tfiei:r work.
The police have a valuable ally in their effor.ts to eradi~ate marihuana
from Maranhao---namely, the landowners ~aho are developing their individual
- estates. Their motive for collaborating is not thdt of helping the
authorities to achieve their o.b~ectives but rather one of defending their
. own interests. It is thev who ferret out and denounce marihuana plantings,
as the dispersion of labor in those areas is causing them problems.
It is presently difficult to obtain laborers to work the crops by paying
them in accordance with ~raditional and sti11 current systems: a third, _
half or ox yoke. The traffickers finance everything; they furnisfi tfie seeds
and, during the cycle between sowing and harvesting, a period of 15 weeks,
supply the growers with rice, flour, kerosene, salt, sugar and toliacco.
At harvest time, in addition to their wages, the growers receive 2,500 cru-
zeiros per kilogram of marihuana foliage, whereas a 60-kg sack of rice does
not cost more than 120 cruzeiros and is sub~ect to state tax~. .
As the problem has strong social overtones, the Federal Police continue to =
act with leniency, since tfiey recognize that the grower in this illegal
process is naive c,r an indiv~dual without future prospects wfio is making
this choice to maintain Tiis family. '
The growing of marihuana is almost cost-free, Planters choose 'specific
sites, preferably those having an abundance of humidity and heat, clear .
tfie land and sow the seeds, The poisonous content of marifiuana is so
great that it is not attacked by insects or caterpillars. "Not even
- donkeys are able to eat the leaves," it is said.
Planting occurs twice a year: during the winter and in the period when
- tfie water recedes. Marihuana grown during tfie latter pe~riod brings a
higher price because it has a finer and smaller stem and its leaves have a ,
greater amount o� THC--tetrahydrocannabinol, the active substance.
~5 .
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That is why growers do not plant traditional crop~ in large and small
- drfied-up stream beds. Besides the fact that marihuana brings a better
price and always lias an available maricet, it is during that period tlzat
quotations are at tfieir highest.
_ When the Federal Police began the pro~ect o~ eradicating marihuana from
Maranhao, they found large plant~ngs along the ma~or highways. Many
growers were not cultivating marihuana to promote the i11i:c.it trade but
because it is also used in the rural pharmaceutical sector as an effective
remedy against colic and other intestinal complications.
- Growers wlio devote their efforts exclusively to the cultivation of marihuana
do not plant that crop in an isolated manner. In stream beds tT~ey comtiine
it with tomatoes to throw the police off their track, and in highe~ places
with manioc--the onl~ tu~er which resists the proxim~ty of marihuana roots. -
In Sao Luis it is cu:ltivated every month of the year in greenhouses or
backyards for consumption by local addicts. It is on that island tfiat
the Federal Police make the greatest number of investigations involving
marihuana growers, and tfiey belietiQ that there are few backyards wfiere the
plant ~s not grown.
= However, the large plantings are located in reservations inhabited by -
natives, where the Federal Police are not allowed to operate without prior
permission by FUNAI [National Indian Fouda,tion]. Based on infor-mation i;
received from individua:ls who were i.n the area, agent Andre Ribeiro Jr.
states emphatically that it is possible to seize more than 600 tons of
marihuana in the Gua~a~aras Indian reservations in Sao Pedro dos Cacetes -
- between the municipalities of Barra do Corda and Imperatriz. The natives
consume and plant on a large scale without any restrict-~on.
This month the rlaranhao division of the Federal Police will bring this
information to the attention of FUNAI in Brasilia and wi11 ask permission
to raid those reservations where, the agents are certain, they w311 find
the largest marihuana plantings in the state.
- Another of the police's ma~or allies in the fight against the growing and
trafficking of marihuana in rlaranhao is dissension among the traffickers
ttiemselves. The narcotics gangs usual].y arm the planters so tfiat they
might protect their plantings from competitors at harvest time. When
rhere is an attack, the one being attacked denaunces the attacker to the
autfiorities.
In the Guaribas operation federal agents found large storage sheds bu~lt
, for the storage o� marihuana in Vitorino Freire, Pa~lo Ramos, Altamira,
Santa Luzta, Santa Ines, Moncao, Gra~au, Amarante do Piaui, Joao Lisboa,
Imperatriz, Barra do Corda, Lago dos Pedras, Esperantinopolis, Barreirinha,
Bon~ Jardim, Pio IX and Caxias, Tn Pau1o Ramos an enormous silo was� vsed
to keep "grass" already prepared for consumption. There alone 1,870 icg
were seized, and in two existing plantings in the vicinity the police
destroyed more than 300,000 marihuana plants.
16 -
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~ ;
_ About 20 large-caliber rfifles~ and revolvers wexe conf~scated from lookouts
in the service of the traf.ffckers'' planters. Regardless of the extent of
the operation and the matertal results obtained, only f~ve ihd~viduals a~e
being investigated. Howeber, the federal autharities beli:eve that ~hey
are only small fish in the large network wh~ch suppltes ~he Braz~lian drug
_ market with marihuana.. The police dtd not reveal the identity of~the
- suspects in view of the fact that "this might pre~udice furt~er developments
og the investigations by f.orewaxn~ng tfie lzaders of the or~anizat~on."
Marihuana fntended for expo'rt is sub~ected to an elabarate packag~ng process
to decrease its dimensional volume.,, Federal agents se~zed a numbe~ of _
- metal~c p~esses used to compress tfie dr~ed leaves, wh~ch are �~rst cove�red
with a light coat of honey; this does not fiarm the THC content and ~makes ~t
_ possible frnr t~e leaves to adfiere duri`ng compression.
According to Federal Police agents, the distr~bution of the marthuana on _
the domestic market is acfi~eved tfirougfi.a~netwoYk set up in tfie country's '
principal capitals. It begins with Teresina, in Piaui~ a~htch is a natural
corridor; ~rom there it is dispexsed in Fortalez~t, Recife~ Salvador, R~o
_ de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. And by anotfier route, v~a Goian~a, the center
of operati~ans ~s Bras~lia, whence it is redistribnted to Minas Gerais and
- tfie interi~~r of Sao Paulo w~'th the use of fede~al higfiways.
Brasilia, of 1~mited population density but the center of tfie connt~ry's
decis~ons, is now the~largest center for tfie consump.*.3on o� Maranhao marihuana.
8568 ~
CSO: 5300
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_ sx~zzL .
RESULTS OF ANONYI~IOUS CALLS ON DRUG TRAFFTCKING
Sao Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 6 Aug 79 p 8
[Article by Edson Flosi]
_ [Text] Since connecting telephone number 227-1717 to a tape recorder to
receive denunciations about'the traff~ck~ng and use of narcotics in Sao _
Paulo, the Narcotics Division [DE] of the DEIC (Crim~nal Tnvestigat~ons -
Department) has listened to an average Qf 30 telephone ca11s a day.
Although at first questioned, this measure is giving results which
Commissioner Nestor Sampaio Penteado, who directs the DE, considers
excellent. He relates how an anonymous denunc~ation resulted 3n the
seizure of 40 kg of marihuana:
"A man's voice called attention to a network of marihuana traff~ckers. ~
We arrested a woman with 40 kg of the drug. Tfie investigations are
continuing, and it is possible that the entire network o� traff~ckers
will be broken up within a short time."
It has been exactly 1 week since number 227-1717 was installed to receive
anonymous denunciations. Whoever calls th~s number at any hour.of the day
or night liears a taped female vo~ce which always says the same thing:
"Narcotics Division. This is a recoxding. After the signal you wi11 ~ave
1 minute to state your poblem. If necessary, dial again."
After a sfiarp and brie.f sound, which is the signal, the complaining caller
� can speak for 1 minute, and when the time ~s up the telephone disconnects
automatically. Commissioner Penteado explains:
"Very seldom does the denunciation exceed the allotted time; but if the
caller has many details to give, lie has only to dial agai'~i and continue.
speaTcing. However, up to now this has happened only twice."
~
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1`
, ~ -
kepercussion
Commisstaner Penteado took over the DE leadersfiip 3 tnonths ago, and wfien
- Tte installed telephone numbPr 22~7-1717�and revesled its purpose he was
greatly criticized, even in pol~ce circles, although he was also very
much applauded, He states:
"Tfiey spoke of lack of ett~ics, of time wasted can anonymous denunciations;
but in the field of trafficking. in and use of drugs there is no other way.
In truth, it is necessary for the people to denounce traffickers and
addicts, which is recognizably dangerous~. It is precisely to preclude the
risk of reprisals by tragfickers and adc~icts that the DE is p~otecting
the denouncer with anonymity." ,
- Every 2 hours a DE employee cfianges the tape and makes a separaC:e typed
record ot the complaints receive3. The compla~nts, submitted ~n tw~~ copies,
are immediately examined by the commissioner, who, backed by 30 yea~r~'of
exp~rience, the duration of his police career, picks out what he considers
in most urgent need of investigation. He then ca11s Commissioner Marco
Antonio Martins R~beiro de Campos and, 3n discussion with him;!goea over
~ case by case. -
Commissioner P.ibeiro de Campos subsequently assigns the cases to one, two
or more investigators, giving them the necessary funds for tiie action to
be taken. Commissioner de Campos explains:
"Naturally, we do not use all the DE's human, mecfianical and tecbnical
resources to check out the anonymous complaints, but, after careful
selection, some are investigated. This does not prevent the police from
continuing ~o do what they have always dorie: mak~ng a traditional
- investigation based on one or mnre clues and often leading to the imprison-
ment of traffickers and tfie seizure of drugs. However, there is no doubt -
that the anonym~~us complaint is also a clue and, not rarely, one of great
� value . " ~
Selection
Commisstoner Penteado's career is divided as follows: 10 years of police
wc?rk in the interior (various cities, sucfi as Riu Claro, Mogi Mirim and
Itapira), 10 years in the DE (from 1959 to 1969) and 10 years in tlie Theft
Division (which he left 3 months ago to return to the DE).
Durin g the 10 years he spent in the DE he worked under the leadership of
Celso Teles, who is now commissione~ genex'al o� the Sao Paulo police, the
highest office in that field. Considered one of the country's foremost
author~ties in the narcotics sector, Celso Te1es supported the idea of
installing telephone number 227-1717, witfi one requirement, ho~aever, that =
of carefully investigating anonymous complaints before taking action in
order to avoid any in~ustice. Commissioner Penteado states:
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"TYte key to the problem lies in that selection an~i subsequent thorougfi
investigation. After all, never fias any pol~ce official ignored a complaint,
anonymous or not. And I know very well that an anonymous denunciation is
as practical as it is effective; but personal vengeance is also tv be
condemned. TTZerefore, the DE wi11 not arrest anyone or even fiarass anyone
by taking immediate action on the basic of an anonymous complaint. However, -
_ once convinced as the result of an investigation, it will take action in
case the one denounced is, in fact, trafficking in drugs. As for addi~ts, ~
~ the DE does not consider them criminals, unlike traffickers, who really
are criminals and of the worst kind. WTien tfie person denounced is only
an addict, he is treated by the DE as a sick person."
Denunciations
Telephone number 227-1717 is not recording denunciations on1y. There have
- also been pranks, swearing and even one case in wfi~ch a group of youngsters
_ was unjustly denounced. Commissioner Penteado relates:
"Tlie youngsters played ball every afternoon, naturally making noise and
- disturl~ing the complainer. An investigation was made of which the youngsters -
knew noth3:ng, as the police T~ad observed the incident from a distance."
Commissioner I'enteado further explains that the complaints are carefully
investigated especially to protect the complainer, who, despite being
anonymous, still runs the risk of being subsequently identified by tfie drug
traffickers or addicts, Tfie commissioner continues:
"There was a case of a newspaper vendor denounced by a person who was, to
be sure, near his newspaper stand. After 2 days of in~estigation, the
police confirmed that the trafficking really was being carried on at the
newspaper stand; however, they did not arrest the vendor at that location.
Tfiey waited, and when the vendor� was far away from his stand one day, he was
arrested. He had a kilogram of marihuana wrapped in newspaper. Thus, ~
arrested far from the area in which the trafficking was being done, he
was certain not to suspect anyone'living close by or any of his customers."
Telephone
Praised by some, but accused by others, of having institutionalized
anonymous denunciations, Commissioner Penteado defends himself against
- the latter by stating:
"There ts no other way; either tfie people must help or the police will be
powerless to do anything about the problem of the trafficking in and use of -
d.rugs ~n Sao Paulo. To be sure, the greater of the two problems is tfiat
of trafficIcing, for without that, drug usage would decrease or disappear.
And the drug traffic is widespread. Previously there were big traffickers
whose imprisonment greatly affected the market. Now it is different; the _
bi~ traffickers, ~aho were few in number, were replaeed by hundreds of
thousands of little traffickers scattered throughout the city. We need an
army to ferret them out, and that is wfiy I am appealing to the people to
help the Narcotics Division."
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- Through telephone number 227~1717, Cominissioner ~enteado also received an -
appeal from five families in each of wiiic~i tfiere was~ young add~ct. He
relates what is being done;
"I have ~ust arranged to hane those youths� interned in sanatori'ums f_n the
interior of the state wfie~re I was prev~ously commiss�ionex. They are
sanator~ums whfich I even helped build. Tliat of Mogi Mirim alone took two '
of the five addicts, wfio T hope wi11 be xehatiil~tated." _
Disclosure
Since Commissioner Penteado took over the leadership of the DE, tfie number
of arrests has increased from 40 to 70 a month; most of the traffickers ,
went to prison, and in 3 months a ton of marfhuana was seized, as well as
- 3,000 drug ampoules. The comm~ssioner intends to make the figI~t against
drug traffick~ng the last and greatest effort of his career:
"I fiave a family, a wife and two children. Previously I alept 1ate, read
until late every night. I l~fce my family and books and used~to read
everything: philosophy, sociology, polit~cs. T now see tfiat everytfitng -
is chan~ing in my life. I am not spending as much time wiCh my family ,
and read very~little except books whicfi can help nie fight the drug tr.affic.
It is a very serious and dangerous problem wh~ch principally attacks nur
youth but threatens our entire society, T have organized and promoted
conferences on drugs and have orieitted speakers, generally doctors and
professors. They are capable individuals but not policemen and can there- ,
fore not appreciate the problem from tnat aspect. Conferences on drugs .
must be prepared with great care, for they are two-edged kni'ves: tliey
can arouse curiosity among the youtfi ~ust as tfiey can r_?�~~ youth to
abandon drugs. ~urthermore; e~~pry:,r~e must fielp figh.t drugs: parents,
teachers, doctors and people in general." _
85b8
CSO: 5300.
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- BRA?IL
CAPTURE OF INTERNATIONAL DRUG-TRAFFICKING RING ANNOUNCED
- Rio de .Janeiro JORNAL DO BRASIL in Portuguese 9 Aug 79 p 18
[Text] Tfie Federal Po13ce announced the capture yesterday of an interna-
tional gang of drug tr.af.ficke~s who have been operating on the Rio-United
States-France-England route. One kilo of 95-percent pure Bolivtan cocaine
was seized when the group--an Englishman, an American woman, a~'renchman
and a Brazilian married couple--was arrested. �
The traffickers ~aere arr~sted at 14 J. J. Seabra Stieet, house No 4, in
the Jardim Botanico district. The c~~aine was supplied by a Bolivian =
dealer for $10,000 ~ahn~at 2i~,U00 cruzeiros) and resold abroad for $50,000
(ab~zt 1.35 m~llion cruzei~ros}. Tlie drug was transported by Jane de
_ Carvalho, Brazilian, 25 years old, who carried the cocaine tn hollowed-out
books, shoes and sandals.
Hollowed-out Books
Agents of the drug division of the ~ederal Pol.ice, acting on an anonymous
- tip, were able to infiltrate the gang. After several weeks tfiey caught
, them in flagrante.
_ ~
Constantine Benckendorff, English, 37 years old, tfie gang leader who
received the drug from Bolivia; Lynne Ellen Leitman, Amer~can, 32 years old;
Nicolas Regnier, French, 34 years old, responsible for sending the coca~ne
ta Paris; Jose Edmundo Ramos Panfsset, wlio induced young people to carry
~ the drug to the United States; and Jane de Carvalho, who delivered cocai~ie -
- principally to New York and Miami, were arrested at the J.J. Seabra Street
- address. All the foreigners had permanent visas in their passports.
In addition to the kilo of cocaine, packaged in condoms, the police seized
~ 4 precision balances, a roll of laminated paper and 7 books~ eacli of about
1,000 pages, whose pages were cut out to make the books into containers.
12116
CSO: 5300
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B'RAZIL ~
- TRA'F~'ICKERS' ARREST UNCOVERS TNTERNATIONAL DRUG RING
Kilog�ram of Cocaine Seized
l Rio de Janeiro JORNAL llu nic~SIL in Portuguese 15 Aug 79 p 26
[Test] Drug traf�ickers Moacfr Bueno de Paula, Jose Antonio Goncalves and
Roberto Akina Miyasato were arrested in glagrante last Monday with a kilo-
gram of cocaine. Their arrest led agents of the Political and Social
Police Division [DPPS] to rT~e discovery of an intemational gang operating
on the Bolivia-Brazil axis whicli was supplytng�Rio and Sao Pau?o with pure
cocaine from Puerto Suarez. ~
;
Moacir de Paula was interrogated yesterday by Inspector Evaldo Nunes of
the DPPS. At first he deYiied being a drug trafficker and declared that fie
had been nsed ~only to make deliveries, but he finally adcnitted trafficking
in cocaine on a�large scale and supplying tfie Rio and Sao Paulo m~rkets on
a weekly schedule. The police already knew tTiat the traffickers were in
Rio last week and that they delivered 1-1/2 kg of cocaine in the northern
zone.
Gang Broken Up
Based on the deposittons already xecetved, the agents of the DPPS know that
the arrested drug traffickers stole automobiles in Sao Paulo and took them
to Corumba, Mato Grosso, on tlie border between Bolivia and Brazil. Tfiis -
ts where Roberto Akina lived, on the corner of~Ladeira Santa Emilia and
Ladeira do Comercio, on the banks of the Paraguay River.
At the border the cars were handed over to a Bolivian whose name the
traffickers claimed not to know, and they received in return 3 kg of cocatne. .
One kg was seized by the po~.i:ce when the tra~fickers were arrested. A
trafficker in the nortfiern zone received 1-1/2 kg of cocaine, and tfie poltce _
do not know to iahom the remaining 1~2 kg was delivered.
Contacts were made on Machado Coelho Street, in the Estacio dtstrict, in ~
the red--light area, but since military po~icemen surrounded an automobile
with DPPS agents t~iere were problems, and the contacts were inoved to the
"President" service station at kilometer post one on the President Dutra
23
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. ~
highway. Moacir, who owna a fish market in Corumba, told the police tTiat ~
tlie automobiles exchanged for cocaine in Bolivia entered that country
- withouC documentation and even without a bill of sale.
Interrogations are continuing in the bPPS, and the authorities are predicting
new arrests withtn a few T~ours. The police already have a list of customers
who were buying the drug.
Traffickers Give Police Cocaine
Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in Portuguese.l4 Aug 79 p 17
[Text] Drug traff~ckers Moacir Bueno de Paula, Roberto Akina Myazato, a
Japanese, and Jose Antonio Goncalves were arrested yesterday by agents~ of
the DPPS when tfiey were trying to deliver a'package of pure cocaine to some
customers at the "President" service station at ki],ometer post one on the
- Dutra highway. They were confused as to the time the merchandise was to be
delivered, the buyers did not show up, and they finally approached a
poltceman ~,iho pretended to be a trafficker.
The 90-percent pure cocaine was contained in a plastic bag in an Opala
- automobile, bearing Sao Paulo license plates No FJ-1785, in which they were
traveling. Moacir and his companions finally confessed that tT~ey traded
automobiles to a Bolivian in exchange for the drug on the banks of the
Paraguay River, in Corumba, but they denied that the cars were stolen tn
Sao Paulo. They declared that this was the first time they had made such
a trade.
Tipped off by an individual whose identity is being kept secret as a
precaution, the DPPS agents arrived on the scene beforehand to make a
search, Last Friday they witnessed a delivery made to a trafficker wfiose
identity is being investigated and who is being�sought. He received a
package containing 2 kg of tfie drug at the same service station and patd
700,000 cruzeiros for it. The transaction was photographed by police
officers Evaldo Viana, Nerval Fialho and Jair using a telepfioto'lens. As ~
of that moment the police began to watch the servi_ce station.
The police officers found in the car plastic bags identical to the one wh~ch
contained the drug, two small plastic shovels and even several checks made
out to the bearer for a total amount in excess of 500,Q00 cruzei:ros.
The cocaine was seized and sent to the laboratory of the Carlos Eboli
= Institute of Criminology for examination. As for tfie seized Opala, the
police will request information from the Sao Paulo Secretariat af Security
as to whether tTie car was stolen. 'rhe DPPS suspects that the ga~ng led by
~Ioacir, who calls himself a businessman, is delivering cars stolen in
greater Sao Paulo to internation.al trafficke'rs who take the vehicles to
other South American countries such as~ Bolivia.
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The Cocaine Trafftc
The gang leader and partner of those persons arrested with him is Moactr
(38 years old, residing at 1084 Ordem e Progresso Avenue, Casa Verde districC,
Sao Paulo), who declares that tie is a businessman and that he owns two fi:sh
markets. Hi:s main store is in Sao Paulo and he has a brancfi in Corumba.
According to the Rio de Janeiro police, those markets are nothing but a
front to cover the cocaine traffic carried on along the Mato Grosso-Rio de -
Janeiro axi:s by way of Sao Paulo. Jose Antonio, 26 years old, who also
, lives in the Casa Verde district at 50 Escolaqne street, admits only to
being the group's chauffeur. As far as Roberto Myazato ts concerned, the
police label him as the "matuto" of the gang. Tn the drug-traffic ~argon
- thts is the person who carries the drug from the seller to the buyer.
Roberto, 36 years old, claims to be a fisherman and declares that he lives
on the corner of Comercio Street and Ladeira Santa Emi~ia in Corumba.
i4oacir revealed that the package of cocaine, valued at 150,000 cruzeiros,
was given to him by a Bolinian in excfiange for an Opala like the one in his
possession and that they had been bought a few days before ~n Sao Paulo
for 65,000 cruzeiros each.
The only female traf.ficlcer fie admits to kncswing is a woman named Joana,
. who lives in the Bolivian city of Puerto Sua~rez. He also informed the
police that he had met the Bolivian from whom he got tlae cocaine (he doesn't
know his name) through a lawyer named Alvaro who lives in Coxumba. The ~
police are of the opinion that thi:s lawyer is probably connected with tlie
international drug traffic, with a base of operations in�Sao Paulo.
r ?Y iE4 ~>t~r.' ~l t '6 ~
r { ~ , , t ~ ~ ~
~ i ' } ~ ~ ~ f ; ' ~.q,.
. l t ~ R ,y~i} q -f:.
~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~
~ 7 i x ~ ~ f~ ~~1 .r tA J"
� , ~ -7 ~ ~ ~ -
~ YI i +h
~ r" ~ ; T~�"~ ' ,t u,~''~ ~:ij ~ ~
, ~ s ~ ~ . ' t ~ .r. ~ :
~ j ~ e ~ 1 e~ ~ ~ r~
-y~,frfx ~ S~~ . 5 I 4 ~ .
~ ~ �d iG' ~ ~ i.:~ .
r i
. ir ~ 1 + ~
ti t : �
. ~ra t.~ ~
y , f, I 'r.TM. r
< ; : 'f`~ - :
r ? : 4 ~
f ~ a~ f�~' -
~ ~ ,t,:~ ,~j' ~ , , ,
i o-~ ~ ' y~ '4
; ~b:R C~~I'ar;'~' f'f a �
~ ~~~4i t ~ .@~~'F W~~.1 ~}~f~~,. ~ ~
ir ~ ~,G~tit~a~~~~~ ~ ~
: ,~',~,;a _ , ; '
( h C~ . ~r~~,
~ ' ',~t~,u;;i,� ~ 11~~~ ' ,
J~u1 ( ~~'~iN f~' i c. 5,i ~ y`-~5 ~
t I ~.sr n ~
C7iiI~~~3e: ~'.ti.~,~~`,i~~Y~i~:~~~~ , ~eks~i.....,-__ . i.c.~".t
~ In the police station. From left to right: Moacir, Roberto and Jose Antonio.
12116
- cso: 5300
. ~5 -
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BRAZIL
WAR BETWEEN TRAFFICKERS ON BRAZIL-PARAGUAY BORDER REP~RTED
Sao Paulo FOLHA DE SAO PAULO in Portuguese 10 Aug 79 p 30
[TextJ Dourados, Mato Grosso--A ver3:table war between gangs of drug
traffickers is going on along the border between braz~l and Paraguay. Th~
gang war is centered on the c~ties of Ponta Pora, on the Brazilian si:de, and -
- Pedro Juan Caballero, capital of Amambay Department, in Paraguay. Bodtes
riddled with bullets, burned and cruelly cut with knives are continually
being found along the sides of secondary roads surroundi:ng tF~e two cities.
The day befor�e yesterday four bodies were found. All of them had been
_ tortured with knives, two of tfiem l~avi`ng had their throats cut. Tl~is fias
brought tlie total number of 10 in the last 5 days. The bodies we~re found
beside the Ponta Pora-Antonio Joao road, near Terere plantation, on the
Brazilian side.
As the bodies were in an advanced state of decomposition, tfie men of Che
Tfiird Military Police Battalion, headquartered in Ponta Para, ~esorted to
1oca1 profess~ionals, and the liodies were buried immediatel�y, as it would
have been i:mpossible to move them to the local cemetery.
It was not possible to examine the liodies since, accord~:ng to the police,
the prevailing extreme heat was respons~i~ble for the bodies' being nearly
decomposed. It could only be observed that the victims were well dressed
and that their hair was dyed blond, proba6ly with the intention o~
disguising them.
Marihuana tfie Cause
Because of the cfiaracteristics of these crimes, the police believe tTiat a
serious disagreement lias cropped up between tfie gangs involved in the drug
traffic, especi:ally the ma~rifiuana traffic. '
One of the causes o� the new outbreak of tfiis war may be the scarcity of
- the product on the market as a consequence of the recent crackdown by the
government of Amambay Department in Paraguay. Tons of marihuana have been
_ burned recently on the Paraguayan side. This fact has led to g~eater
26
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, i~,
competitiveness flnd a natu~ral quar~rel between the gangs which u~ually buy
the drug in Paraguay and resell it in the large centers of consumption '
along the Rio-Sao Paulo axi:s. ,
Terror and fear once again reign all along the southern border of i4ato
Grosso as a result of the recent events involv~ng the drug-trafficking
ganRs. .
Attempted Murder
Augusto Nunes Sobringo, about 28 years old, do~iciled in P~restdente
Prudente, Sao Paulo, was shot ftve times last ntght with a 38-cal~ber
revolver near the Ponta Pora airport. The victim was considered to b~
right-hand man of Nelso Rossati, the late smuggling king, assassinated in
June of last year. -
_ The police divulged that the perpe~rators of the attempted homicide were
tfiree men in a Volkswagen, who fled immediately aEter the attempt.
The late Rossati's "lieutenant" was taken to a hospital in Pedro Juan ~
Caballero, in Paraguay, in serious condtt3:on.
12116
CSO: 5300
,
27
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. BRAZIL
POLICE ACTION ONLY NETS 10 PERCENT OF DRUGS
- Sao Paulo 0 ESTADO DE SAO PAULO in Por.tuguese 12 Aug 79 p 37 ~
[Text] The combined action of the Federal Police and tfie state police
forces is only able to seize, nn the average, 10 percent of the toxic or
stupi:fying substances that enter the country illegally, according to
estimates of the Drug Repression Division of the DPF [Federal Police
Department].
The. 1978 report of tfiat division indicates tfiat one of the gr�eatest -
problems ts "the noticeable lowering of the a~e ~racket of t~-~e users�," and
it concludes that this situation is "generat~ng social, politica:L, economic
and psychological effects that are F?igF~ly pre~udicial to society."
Another point emphasized in the report is the spread of drug use, formerly
limited almost exclusively to tfie large urTian centers. The recognttion
of this fact has not been accompanied by any concomitant of snggesting
solutions or prospects for better results 3n the fight against tfie drug
traffic, although sources in the DPF believe that with more effictent
control on the borders and a study of criminal records it will be possible
to establish the connections of the international gangs, with positive
effects on the consumption of drugs throughout the country. -
Marihuana, the drug most used in Brazil, whose domestic production is
concentrated almost exclusively in Maranhao and Pernambuco, comes from
Paraguay "in large quantities. Paragua}ran marihuana is very.popular
because of its excell~nt quality," according to the report. It enters
Brazil through the states of riato Grosso and Parana. The cocaine route
extends from Bolivia to the states of Acre, Mato Grosso, Parana and tbe
. Territory of Rondonia. The barbiturate and amphetamine traffic o~iginates
i:n Argentina and Paraguay. These drugs enter tfie country along t~ie borders~
of Rio Grande do Sul, Parana and Mato Grosso. LSD, whose use is decli~itng
at least on the statistical level, comes from the United States and Europe.
Two types of drugs fiave the authorities worried, because their use is
difficult to control and because they have strong hallucinogenetic effects:
tliese are substances used in veterinary medicine as exciters for bulls and
stimulants for Tiorses, which are now being used by young people, and
mixtures of substances which may be bought individually in drugstores ~
without restrictions.
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,
- Amounts of Drugs Seized '
The total drug seizures carried out by the Federal Police and by the state ~
secretariats of security in 1978 amounted to the f.ollowing quantittes:
- 273,000 kilos of marihuana; 23 kilos of hemp seeds; 87 kilos of cocaine;
nearly 58,000 units of various psychotropic 'drugs; 542 ampules of "preventim"; ~
212 doses of LSD and small quantities of hashiss--7 grams; of coca leaves,
304 grams; amphetamine salts, 162 grams; and heroin, only 1 gram.
Most Addists Men
The great ma~ority of addicts and drug traffickers are male--90.77 per-
cent--and only 9:23 percent are female. In spite of the fact that the
~smuggling routes show the characteristics of multinationa], drug operations,
1,583 of the people identified in police investigations, or 96.ll.percent,
are Brazilians. A total of 64 persons--3.~i4 percent--are foreigners.
- ~Iarihuana is the toxic substance whose use has been increasing significantly ~
year after year. Most investtgations deal witli marihuana traffickers or
users, although the report does not spec~fy the drug whose sale or use
prompts the investigation. Tliere were 1,093 investigations in 1978 in '
whtch 1,647 persons were charged, including 1,173 traffickers and 474 users. ~
The number of persons involved was the largest s~nce 1.972, when 1~930 per-
sons were accused, but the number sfiows practically no change stnce 1977,
wfien the corresponding number was 1,578.
Tbe.amount of marihuana seized by tfie police between 1974 and 1978 has been
increasing markedly, as can be seen in the following figures: in 1972,
1,654 filos were seized; 4,052 Tcilos in 1973; 27,857 kilos in 1974;
60,305 kilos in 1975; 6,200 kilos in 1976; 91,152 kilos in 1977 and
273,206 kilos in 1978.
12116
CSO: 5300
i
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BRAZIL
RESULTS OF 1978 DRUG OONTROL EFFnRT REPORTED
Sao Pa.ulo FbLHA DE SAO PAUTA in Portugueae 14 Aug 79 P 13
[Text] The Ivaxcotice Division of the Federal Iblice Departnent [DPF] last
year seized--in the entire nation--a total of 273 tons of aa,rihuana~ 87
kilograms of coca,ine and 5'j~000 unite of narcotic medicines (in drageea or
ampoulee) ~uch as Pervitin and Stenanine. Other sa~?11 quantities of druga
xere also seizeds l0 grams of hernin~ 212 doees of ISD, 300 dried coca
leaves and 22 kilograms of marihuana. aeed.
These atatisti.cs axe contained in a report published recently by the DYF~
~hich attributed the s.uccesB oY its effort to collaboration xith the Narcotics
Diviaion of the reapective Secretariat~ of Public Security (one in each state).
The laxgest seizure occvrred last May in Maranhao State, at which time DPF
agents discovered 200 tons of marihuana cached in the atorehouses og a certsin
plantation.
Report
"Virtually all the states of Brazil groduce and conaume marihuana," the DPF
report states, "and a great many of them produce solely for local consum~ption.
Gther sta,tea such as Maranhao and Pernambuco," the report continuea~ "~upply
other centers of conaumption on a large scale as xell as supplying their axn
_ loca,l markets. Ma.rihuana is the must heavily used drug in Brazil. The c~ari-
hua.na that is imported~ especially that f`rom Paragua,y, enters Brazil acroas
the borders of Mato Grosso and Parana."
With reapect to cocaine the DPF report statess "O~~ing from Bolivia and
Peru, it enters Br~zil through Mato Groseo, Randonia, Acre, Parana and
Ama~ona~. In terms of it+a t,otal consu~ption in 8razil~ cocaine ranka aeoond
only to marihiiana. Becauae cocaine is an expensive drug, the higheat inci- _
dence of its use is concentrated in the class that has the greateet purcha$ing
poxer, xhich in turn is ooncentrated in the southern psrt of the courrtry."
Statistics
Illustrated Kith a sexies of graptr,ics, the DPF report shoxs that during 1978
a to~t.al of 1,647 fla~ante delicto arreats xere made, and inveatigationa
initiated, throughout Brazil, of xhich total 1,173 (71.22 percent) involved.
drug trafficksrs and 474 (28.78 percent) drug addicta.
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`
Uf the 1,64~7 persons prosecuted subaequont to their apprehension flagranta
delicto or indicted as ~ result of investigationa, 1~495 (9~�77 Percent)
xere men and 152 (y.23 percent) xomen. Wit,h reapect to nationality~ 1~~83 _
(9ba11 percent) were Bra$ilian+~ and 64 (3.89 percent) foreign nationsls.
The DPF figures also rovet~..l that drug ssizurea are increasing subetantially
every year~ p~arhape a~ conaoquance of the increaise in the drug txaffic
and in drug use. Tn 1972 ~e D~'F ~ei~ed a total oP 2 tons of marihusnai in
1975, 60 tonsf and in 1978, 2?3 tone.
Narcotics ~
The fight again~t th~ d~u,g traffic. however, ie Naged by o~her poli.c~ eactorra -
such as tha Narcotioa Division of the Secreta,riat of Public 5ecurity of each
atate in Brazil. In Sao Paulo Stat~ during the first half of t,hls year the
Narcotics Aiviaion of the Secretariat of Public Security seised 1 ton of
marihuana. and 3,000 ampoules or drageea of naxcotic medicines (Psrvitin and
_ 3tenamine).
Because narihuana is the cheapeBt of the narcoties it is also the aoet
heavily trafficked. One kilogram of this drug i;oats 1~000 cruzeiroa at the
point of production but returns 10,000 cruzeiroa to the t,rafficker. who
~ dividea it into 100 s~a,ll 10-gram packets Khich he then aells for 100
- cruzeiros apiece (fro~a 10 grams of marihuana. the addict can nake three or
four cigarettea).
Cocaine is one of the most expensive of drugsi l gram~ ?thich ia oold to the
addict for 2,000 cruzeiroa, costa the trafficker 200 cruzeiros. Herain
oosta ae uuch as coca.ine, xherea~a the naxcotic medicinea are a~a inexpengive
as marihuanas 1 ampoule of Pervitin or 1 dragee of Stenaiaine, each of xhich
costs the trafficker 10 ci^uzeirns, is aold to the addict for 100 cruseiroa.
Drug ~af`fic
Saw Paulo and Rio de Jan~siro--the nation's principal centers of drug use--
conswne marihuana. that is produeed in other states. A great psr~ of the ~
marihuana consumed, hoxever~ comes froA Paxaguay and Colo~tbia, which are
nia~or centers of produetion.
The cocaine comes fYom Peru and Bolivia~ Which are virtually the only coun-
tries in the xorld xhere the coca plant is groxn. Cocaine is obtained from
coca leavea by a distillation procees. Th~ coca is a delica,te plant Which
in order to devslop requires a mixture of light and shade--the sort of
climate that is typica,l of certain areas in the aforementioned countries of
Peru an~d Bolivia.
The ISD comes from SKeden, the Netherlar~ds and Great Brita,in; the heroin
from China~ India and Turk~y. ISD often al~o comes frow the United Sta~tea,
xhich alao eupplies the narcotic medicines (Pervitin and Stenamine). These
narcotic aedicines also enter Brazil from Argentina.
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The police authorities knox the mute8 taken by this traffic, from the point
of pxoduction to the point of consunption= but the tsaPfickers are conetantly
exitching from one route to the other~ thereby rendaring the action of the
agsnt~ o~ the DPF and State Fblice au~re difficul~.
' 10992
- 5300
,
11 ;
_ ~ ~
. 32
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. BRAZIL -
ADDICTION TREATI~NT TO B~ IN`xENSZFIED} DATA REL~A3F,D
3~w Pau7.o 0 E5TAD0 DE 3JL0 PAUTA in Fbrtugueee 24 Aug 79 P 13
; ~Text] Braailia bureau--A part o~ the ~,000 pay~hiatric oouch~s ~aintained -
y the IY[inistry of Healf~h xill be reatructured and de~tined for th~ aubu-
latory t,reat~ent and recovery o~ narcotica addicts arrd of the nation's
6~illion alcoholic~ ~ according to e~n Announce~ent ~a,de yeaterd~a~r in
Hr~ailia by Paulo Rios, who ~ieaids the National Secretariat of Special
Health Programs ( SNPFS ) .
Fbr the cosing year t,he 5NPF~ ha,a increased to 35 aillion cru~sisos (f'ro� -
15 oillion crwceiros ) the bud.g~t of the Integrated Progrsa for t~4nta1
H~lth, xhich in addition to groviding exclusivsly sabulatory treat~ent
for ,sntal pe~tients in citi~a of the interior of the oountry Kill train
peraonnel in the rehabilitatio~.of drug auad a?lcohol addicta.
~ Ths third edition of the 197$ report on nturcotics~publiah~d by the
Federal P~lice Department evincea concearn over the decline in ths av~rage
ags o! drug uaers and over the gradual sprea~d of drug uae (fort~r~~ oon-
centrat~d in the large populalcion centsra such aw Rio de Jan~iro~ 9ao
Aaulo and other etate capitals) into the interior regions of the oount~y.
The DPF also emphami~~s the subatantial increase in the quantity of drugs
circulat~.ng aaong sll etrata of the Brazili~n population ~,s a result of
the influence of economic, eocial and psychological factorm that contribute
directly to the up+rard trend in the use of narcotics (notably aarihue~na~
cocaine~ be~rbiturates atxl aapheta~inea aa well as othsrs of l~es spid~oi-
ologic aignif ica~nce ) .
~ug Traf'1'ic
In the vie~+ of the DPF~ the traffic in druge is a$suaing epid~sic p~opor-
tiona, xith the attendant consequencee in all affected areaa. Laat year
the F~Sderal Fblice Depn~ct.~ent and the at.~,te Secretariata of Public 9~curity
- seized a tota~i o~ z76 tons of 11 different ~ypes of dz~ags~ including 2?3
tons of a~ihuana al.one (repressnting 65 plantinga of cannabig)= 800 a~poul~s
of Fezroitins 1,034 doaes of ISD= and ?5,584 unita of varioue tranquil3strs.
33 ~
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Almost all of the marihuar~a xas aei~ed in Maranhao State~ where one-third
of all domestic~.l.ly p~oduced marihuana is ~oxn. Both I~4aranhao and
Pern~buco ~upply other aentera of' aonauaaption in addition to aupplying
their oxn looal markete, hoxevsr. Uf the total of 87 kilograa~ of oocains
confiacaated the g~rea,ter part xaa sei~ed in Mato Grodao 3tate, folloxed by
' Rio de Janeiro and Auzon~.
The quantities of the other drugs seized xere not aigni~icants 7 graas of
haahiah~ 304 grams of
dried ooca leavea, 162 gra~m$ of amphetamin~s, 1~aa
of Heropine (in Sao Paulo), 5 granu~ of procaine (in Paraiba), and 150 graa~
of inethylamphetamines (in Goiaa).
Gf the total of 4,905 persons indicted as a reeult of 3~306 invastigations
_ carried out in 1978 71.22 percent xere traffickers and 28.78 percent
_ addicts, of Whom 90.?7 percent xere men a~d only 9.23 percent xoaen xhile
96.11 percent xmre Brazilian citizens and 3.89 percent foreign nationals.
The DPF r~port etates that 8eisuree of aarihu~na t.ripled in th� courae oP
1 years in 1977 a total of 91,152,617 kilograms xas eei~~d as Qppoaed to
273~206~601 kilogra~a in 1978� In viex of the fact that eei~urse of sari-
huan.a. in 1972 totaled only 1,654~46~4 kilogratu~~ the evolu~Lion of the
' situation during th~a psst 7 yeass ia regarded. ae "appslling" by the Federal
R~lice.
The police regort furthar diaclosea that virtually all the at~tea groduce
~ and consume marihuana~ the great ma3ority of xhich ia deetined eolely ~or
the respective local ~aarketa. Because ita particular characteriatics naks
~ it ea~ily available, marihuana continues to be the ~iost hsavily ueed drug
in Brazil.
10992
~ = 5300
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- BRAZIL .
MARIHUANA, ARM5 SEIZED, LARGE PLANTING DE5TROYED
- Sao Pe~u1o 0 ESTADO llE SAO PAUTA it? Fortuguese 22 Aug 79 P 14
[Text] Salvador bureau--The Bahia Regional Superintendency of the Federal
P~lic~ announced yeeterday that during this psst Neekend it had eeised a
half ton of marihua.na and had d~atroyed a planting--equipped With a eophia-
ticated irrigation system--of 38~000 ~arihuana plants on Sao Goncalo Plan-
ta~tion, 414 kilometer~ fron Salvador. Acoording to the DPF [Federal P~lice
DepArtaent]~ this iB the largest seizure ever carried out in Brs~zil of
�srihu$na tha~ is "pressed and ready for uee." The confiecetted ~arihuans
Wae destined for the principal cent~rs of conau~ption (Salvador, Ric de i
Janeiro~ Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte and Brasilia) e~nd ie valued ~t 5 nillion -
cru$eiro8.
- During the investigationa tNO "plant~rs" and six "r~a,rihuana-grot~ing sxperte"
were arreeted, all of xhose names are baiazg ~it.hheld in order not to pre~u-
~ dice further operations in that region. Seven of thoa� arreated are being
held in the local ~ail of the toKn of Senhor do ?~onfi, in the interior of
B~hia Stste~ and the other in Petrolins~ Pernaobuco S#,ate, xhers a cache of
the iarihuana? Kaa discovered. Together with the priaonara th~ Fedsral P~lice
alao eeized aeven 38-caliber revolvers "of the type used by gun~ten" and three
22- and 44-caliber riflea. The DPF yesterday called in the presa in order to
ezhibit the cache of ~arihu,ana~ which had beei~ put up in ,~00 1-kilograw
p],a~6tic bags beaxing the ironic c;oauaent: "Wa tha~Jc you for your patronage."
i o99z . .
5300 -
~
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BRAZII,
BRIF~E'S ~
: NEW DRiJG CONTROL 5YSTEM--The bure~us--Minister of Mealth Cast~�o Li~a has
fox~rasded to Miniater o~ Justice Petronio ~brtella the draft of a dearee
_ creating a national aystem for the investiga,tion, control and auppr~ssion
of the traftic in nsrcotics e,nd other druge in Brazilo Th~ draft decree
(the detail~ of xhich Castro Lima refused to diacloae) xa~ prepared during
the previous na,tiona,l a,dministration and has cwrrently undergnne mi,nor ~
changee. The n~x aystem ie to be coordinated by the teahnical depsrtaent
of narcoticB and other drugs of the Nationsl Council on Heelf,h, xhich
, departm~nt has replaced the former drug control council. of the I~iniatry of `
Health. The nax departaaent Kill be respanaible for all c~eee relating to
the use, production anci a~,rketing of the~e druga an~d also the penalties
to be impoeted on traffickera. It Mill aleo be in charge of a~dai.nist~ring
speclfic treatnent to drug a,ddictB. Ttiro ionthe ag+o Minister of Hee?lth
Castro Lima transmitted to the Federal Dducation Council the education~?1
prograa~ for the preventf~n o~ drug use by atudenta of the 1at and 2nd
grades throughout the nation--a progra~m de~veloped by the natione~l diviaion
for health educa.tion of the Ministry of Health. In tho event the prograui
is approved~ the MEC [Miniatry of Education and Cultu~e] will recauend
_ to the State Councils on Education that they incorporate the nex^ p~ograt~
into the various health activities that are coapulsory in a11 public snd
~ private educational e$tablishmenta.
10992
~ = 5300
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COI.OMBIA
AMBASSADOR: U. S. HAS NOT SUSPENDED ANTIDRUG AID
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 9 Aug 79 pp 1-A, 6-A
m
. [Article by Julian Escovar]
[Text] The U. S. Government officially denied in Bogo~a yesterday thaC it
- has suspended the economic aid it gives Colombia to combat drug trafficking
_ due ta alleged human rights vioiations here. ~
The U. S. Government also recognized that in view of the vast sums involved
in international drug trafficking and the overall percentage of the U. S.
budget allocated to the fight agatnst it, the amount it gives in'aid to
Colombia is "ridiculous." In any case, the amount of the aid is determined
by Congress and not by the U. S. Government.
The U. S. Government also announced that it is negotiatin~ a vast economic
- and social development program for La Guaj3ra, since it believes that the ~
serious challenge presented by the production and. export of marihuana, in
particular, cannot be met "solely on the basis of bullets."
Likewise, the U. S. Government was of the opinion that the U. S. Congreas
is clearing the way for the clarification of the bilateral treaty by means
of which Washington recognizes Colombian sovereignty over the Caribbean -
keys of Serrana, Quitasueno and Roncador, which are ad~acent to the coast _
of Nicaragua.
These statements were made by U. S. Ambassador Diego Asencio, who paid an
unexpected vi~it in the morning to the Senate's Second Committee, which is
in charge of internr~tional affairs. -
The diplamat, who was accompanied t,y two political advisers, remained with
the group about 45 minutes and spoke in perfect Spanish. He displayed a
sense of humor and parliamenCary ski1L, and did not have to refer to any
document or exchange opinions with his advisers to answer the questions asked
~ by the senators.
Asencio is confident that the United States will ratify its membership in the
International Coffee Agreemen't soon, and revealed that at the specific
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request of the Colombian authorities, measures are to be taken shortly
_ against the smuggling of cigarettes manufactured in the United States into
Colombia.
The U. S. diplomat went to the capitol building to extend a g~reeting, in ac-
cordance with protocol, to the new president of the Senate, Hector Echeverri
Correa. Eduardo Abuchaibe Ochoa, chairman of the Second Committee and a mem- _
ber of parliament from La Gua~ira, took advantage of the occasion to invite
Asencio to visit the committee and talk to its members.
Asencio was happy to oblige and began by cordially ask3ng his listeners to
voice any concern they m3.ght feel regarding U. S.-Colombian relations "wiCh
complete openness, since I love to discuss issues."
Echeverri Correa said he was pleased that the ambassador had agreed to vis3t
the committee so cheerfully and suggested that similar meetings be held on
_ a regular basis. In a short improvised speech he said that such meetings
wou.ld make it possible to reach productive decisions in areas such as fair
- trade.
Regarding the report by columnist Daniel Samper Pizano published in EL TIII~iPO
a few days ago to the effect that the United States had suspended its anti-
drug aid to Colombia due to al.leged human rights violations, Asenc3o said
the report was inaccurate. He added that Samper Pizano, whom he mentioned
by name, had based his report on a commentary published last June in a U. S.
magazine. The magazine had not adhered to the facts. .
Asencio noted that what happened was that simple procedural problems involv-
ing international affairs cropped up in the U. S. Congress concerning the
amount of narcotics aid to Colombia, and that the problems were "finally
resolved." Therefore, he said, the link between human rights and the aid
made by the U. S. magazine in connection with the alleged cancellation of
the specific aid for narcotics control "was incidental."
Explaining further, the U. S, ambassador said that since the U. S. Congress
is determined to control the expansion of the offi.cial U. S. budget as much
as possible in order to avoid spiraling inflation, each package which is up
for inclusion in the budget is studied very carefully.
Thus, in the case of the aforementioned aid, which had initially been set at
$14 million in the new budget, there were some procedural differences be-
tween the committees in charge of studying and assigning the aid in the
Senate and the House of Representatives. However, this did not involve hu-
man rights.
In order to overcome the differences both groups appointed a joint subcom-
mittee and a formal announcemer.t is now expected to the effect that the
problems have been solved and that the inclusion of the economic aid in the
budget is guaranteed.
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Asencio said he is ae yet in no position to say what the final amount of the _
sid would be, since it could range between $14 and $16 million, or perhaps
more. -
The diplomat answered questions by Senators Abuchaibe Ochoa, Rafael Navia
and Jose Vicente Mogollon, and said that all the in�ormation he was giving
them was obtained first hand since he recently spent 3 weeks in Washington
and visited Congress frequently.
The Colombian senators, especially Abuchaibe and Navia, proposed to the am-
bassador that perhaps the amount of aid granted by the United States to
Colombia to combat drug trafficking was not reasonable and that, consider-
ing the economic power of both countries, Colombia was bearing the brunt of
the burden in this affair. The diplomat spoke at length on this sub~ect.
He noted that a few days ago he personally told congressmen and U. S. police
chiefs that annual aid such as the current one in the amount of $14 or $16
willion is "sma11 and ridiculous" considering thaC according to official
~ studies, Colombia generates 70 percent of the narcotics exports brought -
illegally into the United States.
He based his argument on the fact thaC it costs $14 million a year to sup-
port the police department in a small city such as Birmingham, Alabama, with _
� a population of 700,000.
He emphasized that his stand was even more justified in view of the fact that `
the United States i3 spending more than $1 billion a year to combat drug
trafficking internally. Compared to this, $14 million is an insigni�icant
amount.
The d~plomat said he hoped that this overall situation would change shortly
so that the struggle against drug trafficking could obtain optimum results.
Asencio said that in this ~oint U. S.-Colombian struggle, neither side is
~ alone and that both sides are seeking to help each other as much as possi-
ble. The diplomat made this statement in answer to a concern voiced by �
Senator Abuchaibe, who said that in his opinion, Washington is not making
even 10 percent of the effort it could make in this area.
The U. S. diplomat revealed that at his own initiative, his government is
sounding out the World Bank and the IDB to see if they can finance an eco-
nomic and social development program for La Guajira, and he said he was
optimistic that a positive answer would be received in due time.
He noted that since, on Colombia's initiative, the economic aid granted
through the Agency for International Development (AID) is about to come to ;
an end, this agency would,only be able to draw up the respective feasibility
plans for the aforementioned program.
Regarding the Serrana, Roncador and Quitasueno keys, the U. S. diplomat said ;
that the U. S. Congress has asked that certain wording be clarified in the
= respective treaty and that this wi11 not affect the prompt ratification of
the treaty.
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He concluded by saying that this treaty has already been negotiated at the
bilateral level and ratification is expected ahortly. However, he said
that it is not known whether the new situatfon in Nicaragua will affect
ratification.
,
9494
CSO: 5300
,
40
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_ ;
COLOMBIA
. .
COCAINE LABORATORY RAIDED IN BOGOTA
Bogota EI~ TIII~O in Spanish 17 Aug 79 pp 1-A, 1-C
[Text] The F-2 has discovered a cocaine laboratory with equipment which is
- not even available at the Institute of Lega1 Medicine or at the National
Police laboratories. The F-2 found the cocaine laboratory in a luxurious
apartment in northern Bogota.
In the process the F-2 managed to capture five of the owners of the labora-
tory. Zfao other persons were subsequently arrested around noon yesterday
in the southern sector of Bogota in connection with the same case. The two ~
were found in possession of a considerable amount of cocaine.
In a11, 11 kg of cocaine were confiscated, and according to reports, it was
of the pu~est quality. The laboratory was operating in Apartment No 1602,
Building No 82-62, on 7th street.
In additfon to the cocaine and the laboratory, the F-2 confiscated 1 12-
gauge shotgun, 96 cartridges, 22 bullets for a 38-caliber long redolver and
$68,350.
Those arrested were ident~fied as Alfonso Vargas Cuellar, Dioselina Cuellar
Vergara [sic], Carlos Bermudez Uribe, Antonio Jose Bermudez Uribe, owner
of the apartment, and kafael Oscar Cortes Robayo.
The Operation '
According to official reports, for several weeks special agenta of the F-2 _
_ narcotics squad had been trailing persons suspected of traffickirig in co-
caine. This led the F-2 to the aforementioned building. A patrol arrived
at the building on the afternoon of 14 August. ~
Initially, the F-2 found 10 kg of cocaine in the apartaeent packaged and
ready to be sent abroad.
According to F-2 reports, this is the most sophisticated laboratory ever ~
seized in Colombia. Among the equipment, the F-2 found an electronic
_ ~
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I
quality control device which made it possible to get higher prices for the
drug because it helped to ahow the very high purity of the product.
Several electronic engineers who were called in by the F-2 to examine the -
electronic device said that they were not familiar with the machine and
_ that there was probably no other like it in Colombia.
~ Another electronic device for measuring the product's acidity during the
manufacturing process was found. The F-2 also found other devices called
"fusiometros" [?fusiometers] which are used to detarmine the percentage of
the cocaine's purity. According to experts, the cocaine was 99 percent pure.
The F-2 also found a special electronic magnifying glass used to measure
the size of the crystals and their brilliance.
Following the raid on the apartment on 7Ch street, the F-2 carried out a
raid on diagonal street 40, No 18-50 South, where it found 1.5 kg of co-
caine of the same quality as that found in the aforementioned laboratory.
Tfao other persons were arrested at that address but their names were not
disclosed because the investigation is not considered finished and more con-
fiscations and arrests are expected shortly.
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At left, the electronic quality control device being used by the drug traf-
fickers arrested by the F-2. In the middle, the electronic magnifying
glass used to measure the crystals, and next to it the device for measuring
the cocaine's acidity.
~.2
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COLOMBIA
COCAINE SEIZED, TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED -
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 10 Aug 79 p 16-A
[Article by Francisco Cristancho]
[Text] Members of the narcotics squad attached to the attorney general's
office struck one of the strongest blows against the drug traffic mafia
last night in Bogota. In a building in Fontibon, to the west of the city,
the squad was able to confiscate more than 50 kg of cocaine paste and two
modern vehicles which were used to transport the drug. The squad also ar-
rested six of the members of the well-organized gang.
Coming From Peru _
~
The paste--which was initially estimated tr1'be worth 40 million pesos--came
from Peru, and according to reports by the investigators, it was transpor-
ted in a 1979 model armored c~r, license plate No SD-1600. In the gas tank
the squad found a false bottom which had been specially made to hide the
drug.
The squad also confiscated a 1979 model truck with free transit license No
03230. Like the armored car, the truck also had a special compartment for
transporting the cocaine.
Persons Arrested
- As previously reported, six persons were arrested at house No 22-63 on
103-B street. They were identified as: Camilo Rivera Gonzalez, who was
said to be Che head of the organization, Rubiel Cadavid Velasquez, Armamdo
[sic) Vergara Saavedra, Raul Penaranda Rodriguez, Rafael Trios, and Olga
Sanchez, owner of the house.
The Investigation
This large quantity of cocaine was discovered thanks to an intensive track-
ing operation carried out by the special agents of the narcotics squad of
the.attorney general's office. Following a series of inveatigations begun
44
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- several months ago, the squad was able ~to uncover the "cache" in the district
of Fontibon, where they found the valuable shipment last night around 1930
hours following a "lightning" operation.
A apokesman said at the site of the eventa that the paste confiscated may
be as much as 85 or 90 percent pure and that after it is duly processed it
could be worth as much as 300 miYlion pesos on the black market.
The blow struck by the country's authorities yesterdgy against the drug
Craffic mafia has been labeled one of the strongest in recent times. -
The cocaine paste was perfectly packaged in plastic bags and camouflaged
- in plastic sacks. The paste was found in a room of the house which was used
as a storeroom for spare auto parts and auto repair tools.
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This is how the narcotics squad of the attorney general's office found and
confiscated close to 50 kg of cocaine paste in a house in Fontibon yeater-
day.
1~5
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46
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COLOMBIA
TRAFFICKER KILLED IN ATTACK ON JAIL
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 10 Aug 79 p 10-A
[Text] One of the drug traffic gangs which is still operating in La Gua~ira
despite the drastic measures taken by the National Government to control
them played Che atarring role in a scene right out of the movies when it
staged an attack on the prison in Maicao. After overpowering the guard on
duty, the gang proceeded to shoat to death one of the inmates who was im- .
prisoned for drug trafficking. .
Seven Bullets �
The eventa took place at dawn last Wednesday when, according to the report
by the Press and Information Secretariat of the National Police, three ~
heavilp arnaed individuals broke into the Maicao prison and after overpower-
ing, gagging and tying up the guard, entered the victim's cell and shot him
to death with seven bullets.
The murderers~then left the prison and fled in a sma11 truck without license
plates. The murder victim was Edgard Laye Band~n. He was apparently a
foreigner and had been arrested for drug trafficking.
~ 9494 .
CSO: 5300
~
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COLOMBIA
GOVERNNIENT TO BOOST AGRICUT,TURE IN MARIHUANA REGION
PA172346 Bogota Radio Cadena Nacional in Spanish 1730 GMT 17 Aug 79 PA
[Text] The Attorney~ General~s Offioe will propose today~ an extens ive program to
strengthen the economy~of the zones t:.^aditionally used for the cultivation and export
of marihuana and to create incentives tc orient the people~s efforts toward food pro-
duction.
Attorney General Guillermo Gonzalez Charry submitted [as heard] a b ill to President
Julio Cesar Turbay~ Ay~ala to be studied by the Congress, whereby a vigorous program would
be started to convert those areas curx~ently used to grow mar3huana into agricultural
zones.
The bi11 urges government efforts toward such areas as La Gua~ira, the eastern plains and
some Atlantic coast departments, where large marihuana plantations have been discovered.
CSO: 5300
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,
~
, ,
r~xzco
DRUG TRAFFIC MOTIVE FOR DOUBLE MURDER IN XICOTENCATL
Four Arxested
H. Matamoros EL BRAVO in 5panish 27 Aug 79 Sec A p 4
- (Text] Ciudad Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas--State Judicial Police agents arrested -
four individuals in Nuevo Progreso ~resumably implicated in the double mur-
der which occurred the day before yesCerday in Xicotencatl, in which the drug
_ trafficker Benito Cardenas Ibarra, and his wife, Cecilia Guerrero Rendon, -
, were shot to death from an ambush while they were returning from their farm
- located in the municipality of Llera, Tamaulipas. There is no definite in-
formation, and the State Judicial Police explained fihat the four persons were -
arrested "for questioning." .
Although the State Judicial Police refused to give the identities of those in
- custody, "so as not to hamper the investigation," EL BRAVO learned officially
that those under arrest are Rolando Garcia Garcia, Jose Garcia Garcia, Mauro
Ortega Castaneda and Manuel Cintenelas Flores, for had friendly relations
with the deceased for some time, while he was engaged full-time in drug traf-
ficking.
" Fernando cIernandez Gonzalez, who has been assigned head of the State Judicial
_ Po?ice group here in the absence of its head, Israel Pena Lucero, said that
the four persons arrested had been caught in their residences.
- Hernandez Gonzalez would not venture a guess as to the presumed participa-
. tion of those under arrest in the horrible dual murder, which occurred in
the vicinity of the Pedro J. Mendez communal farm. He said that all four
would be subjected to close qL,estioning, in order to determine what kind of
connections they had with the murdered drug trafficker.
The Crime
As EL BRAVO reported at the time in its police section, the:Cardenas-Rendon
couple were riddled with bullets in a trap set for thein by unidentified per-
sons. According to other investigations, it was claimed that Che State Ju-
dicial Police in Ciudad Victoria suspect that at least three individuals took
part in the double crime. ~
- ~.9
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- Benito Cardenas Ibarra had been engaged in drug trafficking for aome time,
- although he recently apl~eared to have "retired" from that activity. On one
occaslon he was arrested by the present chief of the municipal police, .~le-
~andro Martinez MarCinez, while the latter was serving as an agent of the
State Judiclal Police, approximately 4 years ago.
He had a lengthy record for drug trafficking. His main area of activity was
- located precisely in Nuevo Progreso, a settlement which he presumably used
for shipping drugs to the UniCed States.
It is also suspected that his death was perpetrated as an act of vengeance
between the underworld gangs which control the drug traffic on the borders.
According to information provided by various sources, his wife, who was also
killed by the assassins' bullets, was 7 months' pregnant.
Possible Transfer of the Four Arrested in Nuevo Progreso to Ciudad Victoria
It was also learned that the four individuals under arrest may pocsibly be ~
turned over to the head of the State Judicial Police, Capt Alvaro Zeron A1-
varez, who is reportedly personally responsible for the investigation of the `
double sl.aying. -
The four persons in custody are in the State Judicial Police jail. Instruc-
tions are being awaited to transfer them to Ciudad Victoria, and to intensi-
fy the investigation.
Further~Details Disclosed
- H. Matamoros ~;L BRAVO in Spanish 28 Aug 79 Sec A p 10
[Text] Ciudad Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas--Yesterday, Teodoro Hernandez Gonzalez,
supervisor of the State Judicial Police, established the fact that the motive
for the double crime in Xicotencatl was drug trafficking, and claimed that _
the identity of the murderers is known, exFressing the view that they would
be captured sometime during the day (yesterday). The State Judicial Police
official said that the four persons were arrested in Nuevo Progreso, claim-
ing that they "had worked" for the deceased at some time.
Hernandez Gonzalez noted that Marisela Infante, the girlfriend of the deceas-
ed, had been identified and located; and she presumably has accurate informa-
tion on those who may have committed the horrible double crime. _
The area was combed yesterday. A group of agents also toured the Texas val-
ley, where Che deceased had managed a vice den, which he apparently also
used for distributing drugs on a small scale.
~
Because of his lengthy record of drug trafficking, Hernandez Gonzalez main-
tained that the double murder of Benito Cardenas Ibarra, alias "El Benny,"
and his wife, Cecilia Guerrero de Cardenas, was cornmi.tted for revenge by
persons who have now been identified.
'
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He Was Prone to I~la.king "Deals"
Moreover, very reliable sources indicated that "E1 Benny" was prone to m~king
"deals" with shipmente of drugs that were brought'to him from the interior -
of the republic, which he later sold on the black market in the United States.
It is believed that, with the arrest of the murderers of "E1 Benny," a large
ring of international drug tra~.fickers whose drug distribution covered a
large area of the neighboring country will be broken up. -
The investigation i.s being headed personally by supervisor Teodoro Hernandez
Gonzalez, who is being assisted by agen~s Juan Arredondo and Alfonso Duran.
2409.
- CSO: 5330
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MEXICO
BRIEFS
AIRPORT MANAGER SHIPPING MARIHUANA--Eugene "Bud" Str~.nger, aged 47, one of
the administrative managers of the aiport in Nogales, Arizona, when pressur-
ed by FBI agents, finally confessed that he was an international drug traf-
ficker who, tn collusion wiCh two residents of Nogales, Sonora, had smuggled
large shipments of inarihuana (over 200 tons), using the airplanes at his dis-
posal. Stringer, who was assured immunity if he would expose his accomplices
and tell the truth, said that he left the airport by plane with large amounts
J
of contraband for Mexican towns, rece3ving from.$25,000 to $35,000 per trip;
and, upon his return, arrived at clandestine airfields in Caborca and Magda-
lena, where he loaded tons of marihuana, having amassed over half a million
dollars as a profit. Among his accomplices in Nogales, Sonora, he named an
individual nicknamed "Siggy," and another with the surname Maxtinez. This
information was supplied yesterday by the newspaper INTERNACIONAL. Further
information will be made available tomorrow. [TextJ [Nogales DIARIO DE NOGALES
in Spanish 23 Aug 79 p 4]
HEROIN TRAFFICKERS CAUGHT--Yesterday, forces from the Federal Judicial Police
Nogales Group dealt a harsh blow at the drug traf�ic when they seized 77
. grams of heroin of the best quality, arresting three presumed drug traffickers
and confiscating a pistol and a pickup truck. This information was given to
DIARIO's reporter by Federal Public Ministry agent Humberto Garcia de Alba,
who added rhat the traffickers were Feliciano Rascon Arguelles, Gerardo Vel-
- azquez Santillan and Arturo Noriega Rascon, who, at the time of their arrest,
were attempting to make a purchase and sale of the aforementioned drug, which
was valued at several thousand dollars. They were captured in Naco and, upon
being apprehended, brandished 38-caliber Barreta pistols; but they were
brought to submission by the federal police led by their commander. [Text]
[Nogales DIARIO DE NOGALES in Spanish 22 Aug 79 p 4] 2909 , _
- COCAINE SMUGGLER FOILED--Colima, 22 August--The dog which, according to the
popular saying, is man's best friend, is, on the contrary, the worst enemy
of drug traffickars; and this fact has just been proven at the airport. A
police dog of the kind used at the airport, especially trained to detect
drugs, sniffed the suitcase of the Colombian drug trafficker, Carlos Cas- -
taneda, who was carrying 25 kilograms of cocaine paste, and alerted the po-
lice with his barking. "Igor," the trained dog, detected the drugs despite
the fact that repellants had been placed in the suitcase to disguise the
odor of the cocaine. [Text] [Nogales DIARIO DE NOGALES in Spanish 23 Aug
~ 79 p 4] 2909
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STATUS REPORT ON SEIZURES--riexico City, 14 August--During the past 24 hours,
agenta of the Federal Judicial Police struck hard at the national drug traf-
fice, seizing drugs with a total value of 20 million pesos in various sections
of the country. The work accoinplished is re~ated to the activities scheduled
throughout the country to destroy drug plantations called for in the perma-
- nent campaign against drug trafficking, particularly the so-called "Operation
Condor." During this drive, about 74 drug traf�ickers were arrested in 34
different locations in the country, and 200 kilograms of packed marihuana,
650 grams of heroin, 50 grams of cocaine, several toxic pills, 1 kilogram -
of marihuana seed arld nther drugs were confiscated from them. According to
an announcement made by the Of~ice of the Attorney General of the Republic,
during the activity 17 high-powered weapons, such as M-1 rifles and M-17
machine guns, an arsenal which the iirug traffickers were using to guard the
plantations, were also seized. [Text] [Nogales DIAR.IO DE NOGALES in Spanish
15 Aug 79 p 4] 2909 ~
BASEBALL ENTREPRETIEUR CHARGED--Ti~uana, Baja California, 27 August--Lorenzo
Arce Flores, head of the Los Potros baseball stadium and manager of t'ne multi-
bank Comermex, in that town, was accused by the Los Angeles grand ,jury of ~
bringing narcotics (herain and cocaine) into the United States on a large
scale. An additional 21 persons are implicated, including Gregorio Humberto
Castaneda, a stockholder in the Los Potros baseball club, and businessman
Rodolfo Lugo Gil, as well as sevEEal United States citizens. Jerry Jensen,
director of the federal ant3drug agency o:E California, cited this case as
"the most important tax evasion case and instance of documented financial
investigation linked with the drug traffic." The Los Angeles grand ~ury
claimed that those involved deposited approximately $32 million in several
Mexican and American banks during the period from September 1975 to October
1978. It added that many of the "operations" had been led by Jaime and Je-
sus Arau~o Avila. The presumed drug traffickers smuggled drugs concealed in
secret compartments in cars registered under~fictitious names, also doing
so with bank accounts and the purchase of residences; and selling the drugs
in Los Angeles, Pittsburgh and Seattle. [Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL MANANA in
Spanish 28 Aug 79 Sec A p 5] 2909
HEROIN TRAFFICKER RELEASED--Yesterday, the federal prisoner Efren Aguirre -
Jimenez, who was sentenced to 2 years in jail for his guilt of committing
a crime of carrying firearms and ammunition reserved for the exclusive use -
of the army recovered his freedom upon paying tihe bail of 10,000 pesos set
for him by the unified fourth circuit court located in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Aguirre Jimenez succeeded in mocking justice because, despite the fact that
he was identified by the Federal Judicial Police as the ringleader of a pow-
erful ring of drug traffickers, from whom over 30 kilograms of heroin were
confiscated, the second district judge acquitted him of all liability in the
commission of a crime against health. The aforementioned individual was
captured, together with Celestino Rivera Coronel, Fausto Garza Lopez, alias
"E1 Canelo," Fausto Garza Huerta and Emilio Quintero Payan. The only one
sentenced for drug trafficking was Rivera Coronel, on whom the judge imposed
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_
. ; ,
~
~
.
- a sentence of 10 years in prison~ Efren Aguirre was released at noon yester--
day, in accordance with an order from the second disrrict judge issued after
he had received a message sent ~y the uxiified fourth circuiC court wherein it
. was reporCed that the aforementioned individual had ~aid the bail which had
been set for him. [Text] (Nuevo Laredo EL MANANA in Spanish 25 Aug 79 Sec B
p 3] 2909
TRAFFICKER ARR~STED TN TORREON--The federal agents d~tailed to Torreon, Coa-
huila, executed a wa.rrant for the arrest of an individual named Ben~amin Vil-
larreal Venegas. This person was wanted by the .first district ~udge of the
state located in Tampico, Tamualipas, because proceedings 54-975 are being
conducted against him f.ox a crime agains~�health. As soon as he was arrested,
VilYarreal Venegas was taken to the port of Tampico. [Text] [Nuevo ~aredo EL
DIARZO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 11 Aug 79 Sec F3 p 5~ 2909
THREE MARrHUANA TRAFFICKERS 5ENTENCED--Three indivi.duals who were arrested in
September 1977 for eng~ging in drug trafficking receiv~d jaJ.1 sen~ences from
the second district judge, Luis Garcia Romero, who brought a suit against them
for a crime against heal.th. In connection with proceedings 140-978, Elias
Martinez Chapa, alias "La Bruja," rec eived an 8-year jail sentence for com-
mitting a crime against hedlth in the degree of max~.huana possesslon, trans-
porCation and trafficking. Jose Garcia Lopez received a 7-ye~r jail sentence
for the same crime, but in the degree o.f marihuana possession and transporta-
tion; and Isidro Reyes Lopez was sentenced to 6 years in jail for marihuana
possession. The arrest of the three aforementioned individuals took place on
9 September 197%, and ~vas carried out by a special inspector from the Secre-
tariat of Communications and Transport acting as a federal j~dicial police
officer representing the Ministry of Law, who had been given a tip thar_ "La
- Bruja" caas trafficking in arms in the town of Comales. The SCT insp~ctor
searched "La Bruja's" residence, where he found a~FS-ca.liber machine gun, a
30-caliber M-1 carbine, a 30-06 rifle and a 38-caliber "~uper" pistol, as well
as 20 kilograms of marihuana and 10 kilograms of seed of the same drug. With .
regard to the drugs, riartinez Chapa stated that the 20 kilograms were part
of 60 kilograms which he had purchased for 6,000 pesos at a farm known as
"1,2,3," .located in the municipality of Bravo, Nuevo Leon, claiming that he
had exchanged the mtssing 40 kilograms for weapons with an American. "La
Bruja" said, or rather confessed that he had purchased the drugs through Isi-
dro Reyes Lopez. [Text] [Nuevo.Laredo EL DIARIO D~ NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish
11 Aug 79 Sec B p 5] 2909 _
FEDERAL JUDICIAL POLICT RAID--Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas--Twelve Federal Jud~cial
Police agents made a sudden raid on ~everai communal farms in the municipality,
mainly "La Reforma, cahere they apprently captured two or three persons im-
plicated in shipping drugs to the United States. The action was unexpected,
and none of the police authorities knew about the arrival of the Federal _
Judicial Police. It ~~as said unofficially that one of those arrested, whose
name was not disclosed, exposed a series of extortions which he attributed
to persons wilo pretend to be State Judicial Police agents. According to the
, 54
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information provided to EL BRAVO, the federal police raid took place at
0345 hours at dawn, the day before yeaterday. They were traveling in three
_ "Blazer" type small trucka, and were ~upplied with high-powered, long-range
weapons. The arrested persons.were allegedly taken to Reynosa, and subse-
quently to Nuevo Laredo. Ofiirially, based on inquiries by very reliable
sources, the Federal Judicial Po1ic~ in Reynosa denied having raided that
municipality; ancl there is e~~ery indication, based on the evidence, that the
Federal Judicial Po1ic2 agants came from Nuevo Laredo or Monterrey, where ~
three drug trafficke.rs ~vere apprently captured with a truek loaded with 6
tons of marihuana. Thus far, there has been no official aeknowledgment of
any of this, but the shipment is as~umed to have been enroute to a no':orious
drug trafficker in fit~e area. [Text] [H. rlatamoros EL BRAVO in Spanisn 24
Aug 79 Sec A p 11] 2909
MARIHUANA PLANTATION DESTROYED--The Federal Judicial Police discovered ancl
destroyed a marihuana plantation located on a site near Galeana, Nuevo Leon.
Agents from the Federal Judicial Police detailed to Monterrey made a tour
- of the Galeana mountain area, and discovered the plantation, the crop on
which was only about 30 centimeters tall. The cannabis indica plantation
covered an area of 100 square rueters, and there were eight plants in each
square meter. The Federal Police requested instructions from the coordina-
tor of the antidrug campaj.gn in the northeast zone, Alfredo Aaron Juarez
Jimenez, and the official ~rdered its destruction, but not before first
obtaining the necessary evidence with which to complete the pertinent in-
vestigation. [Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 23
Aug 79 Sec B p 3] 2909
CSO: 5330
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PANAMA
BRIEFS _
DRUG TR.AFFICKER ARRESTED--Yesterday Panamanian immigration officers arrested
22-year-o1d U.S. citizen (?Da1e Brody Borden) at Tocumen airport for carry-
ing four liags of cocaine in a double-bottomed suitcase. He said that he
had purchased the 800 grams of drugs in Bolivia and was to deliver it in
Costa Rica. [Panama City Domestic Service in Spanish 2230 GMT 11 Sep 79 PA]
YUGOST~AV TRAFFICKER ARRESTED--Panamanian internal revenue office inspectors
arrested Svrako Bugeti Digeorg, a Yugoslav citizen, with 10 plastic packages
- containing approximately 400 gr of cocaine. He was arrested at Tocumen
International Airport on his arrival from Lima, Peru. [Panama City Domestic
Service in Spanish 2230 GMT 13 Sep 79 PA]
CSO: 5300
~ - .
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IRAN
PGOI ANNOUNCES ANTI-OPIUM CAMPAIGN
Tehran TEHRAN TIMES in English 9 Sep 79 p 2
[Article by Homayoun Forouzan]
- [Text] Tehran--The Ministry of Health and Che Revolutionary Council are
expected to decide this week about the future prospects of poppy culti-
vation and the production of opium for addicts.
The Islamic government has launched a crusade against all kinds of opium
products and in order to save the n~ation and particularly the youth from
- such dangerous drugs, and maintain a strong nation with healthy minds to
- shoulder the heavy responsibilities of the future.
The poppy cultivation this year took place as scheduled and the opium
produced was sold to the government. But informed sources believed the
opium handed over to the government was less than the total production.
Official sources confirmed that the opium delivered to the government by
cultivators does not exceed 130 tons, while the total annual consumption
of opium in the country was around 250 to 300 tons, which could easily be
derived by putting 20,000 hectares of land under poppy cultivation.
= These sources further said during the last year the poppy cultivation was
- allowed only in the czntral provinces of Isfahan, Fars Kerman, Lorestan,
Hamadan, Semnan, Yazd and Khorassan, where some 20,000 hectares of land
was put under poppy cultivation.
In view of the extensive crusade aoainst opiuM, launched by the govern-
ment throughout the country, it appeared the government would impose new
restrictions on poppy cultivation in order to reduce the production of
opium to a minimum, sources said.
The government has also started an educative program on radio and TV net-
works explaining the miserable conditions of the addicts and asking the
people to refrain from using this dangerous drug which becomes a menace
for the rest of one's life after a few days of successive use.
CSO: 5300
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IRAN
BRIEFS
DRUG ADDICTION SPREADS--Teheran--More than one million of Iran's 36 million
inhabitants are drug addicts, the pro-Khomeini Teheran evening newspaper
KAYHAN reported today, quoting unofficial statistics. The major3.ty of
heroin addicts are aged between 20 and 25, half of them are under 30, while
only 14 percent are over 40, the paper said, quoting an unnamed expert. It
said the same study found only 22 percent of opium addicts are under 30
while 41 percent are over 40. Nearly a third of all addicts work at odd
~obs, nearly a quarter are factory workers, about one in ten are white-
collar workers, about one in ten are housewives and seven percent are
farmers, the report said. Few are artists, big landawners or businessmen.
An opium addict speilds on average of between 350 and 400 rials (five to
six dollars) per day, and a heroin addict between 800 and 1,000 rials (11
to 15 dollars) per day on drug supplies, according to KAYHAN. The minimum -
monthly salary in Iran is 15,000 rials (about 180 dollars). The paper
attributed the number of addicts to several factors: lack of special medi-
cal care, open sale and consumption of drugs, especially opium, lack of ~
entertainment and sports facilities, and the ban on alcohol. [Text] [Rangoon
THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY in English 5 Sep 79 p 3]
CSO: 5300
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~
,
FEDER6IL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
ANALYSIS OF HEROIN SCENE, POLICE MEASURES GIVEN
Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 27 Aug 79 pp 86-90
[Article: "The Scene Is Being Swamped"]
[Text] In the FRG, Europe's leading heroin country, far
more than 300 fixers have injected themselves to death
this year. Turkish drug smugglers are supplying the fixer
scene with heroin at the lowest prices in the world, and
dope rings from the Far East are distributing stuff f rom
the FRG acorss the entire Continent. On ever new routes
couriers carry narcotics from the traditional areas of _
cultivation in Pakistan and Afghanistan to the West.
_ When pol.ice entered the apartment of a Turkish family on Austrasse in
Offenbach, the dead body of a 14-year-old schoolgirl was lying on the bed.
Some scarred and some still fresh punctures on both arms pointed to the
cause of death: heroin.
In Duesseldorf-Unterrath a housewife discovered her son on the couch of
a drug-addict prostitute. Next to the corpse of the 24-year-old still lay -
a syringe, tinfoil and a dose of heroin for the next shot, which the victim
t~ad missed out on.
In a fixer's apartment in Mommsenstrasse in Berlin lay the dead body of a
young man who had been unemployed. Doctors found a couple of marks of
fresh injections on his arms. Following a 9-month withdrawal cure, he
had just been released from the psychiatric clinic in Wittenau.
Three scenes f rom a scene in which one--at least one--young FRG citizen
dies every day. From January to the end of July 335 fixers fell victim
to heroin in the FRG, having "set their eyes on zero" after the last shot,
as the junkies put it in their jargon. By the end of the year the total
will be 600.
The projection is conclusive: the FRG has sunk to being the leading heroin -
country in Europe. Within a period of 10 years, drug addiction, originally
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an unusual phenomenon to be found perhaps among artists, has turned into a
- mass phenomenon. The "relative mortality rate" among drug addicts is higher
in Berlin than it is in New York.
The facr that persons dead from heroin are picked from public t~ilets and
gutters day in and day ouC is now only marginal news. Attention is only
aroused after fixers lose Cheir lives before certain death from heroin be-
cause they in~ected the wrong stuff into their veins--like three young people
in Villingen-Schwenningen in Swabia wtto died from colchicine, the deadly
_ alkaloid of the meadow saffron.
It is mostly ~uveniles, but recently even children, who are affected. In
Berlin, says Berlin drug representative Wolfgang Heckmann, "several hundred
among those under 16 are on the needle." In Frankfurt, according to what
Criminal Police Chief Commissioner Peter Loos has observed, it is also
"young girls and boys who are taken in by the dealers."
And only the first time is it as much fun as they have been led to believe.
After no more than five injections, they are hooked. They take anything
_ that "roars," and "heroin roars best," says drug representative Heckmann.
~ "Roaring means switching off, dulling oneself, not seeing, not hearing, not -
feeling anything any longer."
The slow entry into addiction, at one time practiced by hashish-smoking
secondary school students, is passe. The new generation of fixers, according
to federal drug representative Manfred Franke, "goes straight for heroin,
wanting the superbeer right off."
What they want, and after a few injections in fact must have, is the
crystal,line "Hong Kong rocks" ("heroin No 3") with an effective ingredient
content of 30 to 60 percent and the powder-form "Turkish honey" ("No 4")
with a concentration of heroin up to 90 percent, made from morphine base
("No 1") and a combination of morphine and heroin ("No 2"). Even when
profit-hungry go-betweens stretch the stuff the fixers dream of with flour
and gypsum, lactose, headache pills ~.nd a trace of strychnine, they still
lovingly call it "the queen"--when they are high.
If they have no stuff and are suffering--dreadfully so--they will sometimes
admit, as a north German addict said in a goodby letter, that drugs "turn
a man into a piece of shit."
Juvenile addicts need 10 "hits" a day, about 1 gram, to avoid painful with-
drawal symptoms. The "full-time job of the fixer" (Loos' terminology)
compels thousands to be on track around the clock, ever in pursuit of pure
heroin, which foreign criminals are pushing en masse on to the West German
market--at the lowest price in the world of 100 deutsche marks per gram.
Nowhere else from Sicily to the North Cape are police confiscating so much
heroin, are ~o many addicts dependent on the syringe. And nowhere else does
the curve of indicators pointing to an epidemic~:~"sp`reading of the lethal
poison climb so steeply.
60
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: Last year West German narcotic agents seized not quite 190 kilograms of
heroin, or almosr. 400 times as much as in 1970 and still 3 times as much
_ as the quant:I.ty uncovered the previous year. In 1978 there were 430 fixers
w11o in,jected ttiemselves to death (compared with 29 in 1970 and 194 in 1975),
and in the same year about 40,000 drug addicts were registered, including
16,000 children, juveniles and adolescents.
Experts estimate that there are another 20,000 unknown junkies. And they
are increasing all the time, because whoever is addicted can cover his need
for heroin financially only by trading in heroin. "Junkies produce junkies"
is the criminological rule-of-thumb given by a member of the Berlin criminal ,
police.
The few therapy centers, which offer room for therapy ta only 1 in ev2ry 5
addicts, have long since been overrun, and long since have prosecutors given
up and waved off police "bringing in the same fixer for the lOth time during
rhe same year," says Frankfurt drug fighter Loos.
West German penitentiaries are overcrowded with narcotic offenders. In
Hesse, according to findings by Justice Minister Herbert Guenther in
- Wiesbaden, already every second sentenced female and 40 percent of. males
under detention pending trial are drug addicCs.
Horst Herold, head of the BKA [Federal Criminal Police Bureau] in Wiesbaden
_ has now sounded the alarm in Bonn, saying that the efforts of the BIC.P. and
the Land police ha~e been "inadequate." The "splintering" of prosecuting
responsibilities, he says, is impeding the investigative work directed
against international gangs concentrated in the BKS. The scope of penalties ~
for serious narcotic offenses has proved insufficient, he states.
In a 15-page memorandum, he listed "insufficient bases and measures" as well
as "omissions" in the fight against drugs, submitting to his superior,
Minister of the Interior Gerhart Baum, proposals for a"program to take
immediate effect."
'I'he program provides for the .following:
� --The BKA drug division is to be replenished, and there is to be an expansion
of the "Pios" narcotic electronic data system in which about 37,000 facts
about drug offenses and offenders have been stored so far.
--Customs control at airports and border cr~ssings are to be strengthened
both as regards personnel and as re~ards equipment.
--The "Forming oF a criminal association for the purrose r,f narcotic trade"
is to be included in the narcotics law, with maximum penalties up to 15
years, and the prospect of no prosecution is to be held out to members of
~ gangs surrendering voluntarily.
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Y.~
--Drug consultation stations and both open and closed therapy installations
_ are to be furthered, and preventative measures of enlightenment strengthened. _
The "cry for help by the police," as Erich Strass, head of the BKA drug
division, calls the Herold plan, is long overdue. Because, instead of
assigning the "same priority" to drug abuse and terrorism, as demanded by
Baum's predecessor, Maihofer, as early as in 1976, West German narcotic
agents have always taken a back seat to their colleagues involved with the -
"Red Army Fraction" [RAF] and "revolutionary Cells."
Whereas in the "TE" division of the BKA last year 300 criminal police tracked ~
terrorists in flight, expansion of the drug squad stagnated with 45 employees,
one-third of the table of organization. To one affected pursuer of dealers
this appears to be "fairly illogical" in that, "after all, the narcotic trade ~
causes more death in a year than terrorism does in a decade." ,
The fact that peopl~ making criminological policy have not been deterred by i
' such deliberations frcm concentrating on political criminals suited the ~
international drug dealers just fine. When Interpol and I?utch police in
1977 managed to smash the European heroin headquarters (the "Dutch connec-
tion") in Amsterdam and West German police were assigned primarily to
investigate the murder attempts by the successors oi the RAF, a number of
drug multis were able to move to the FRG almost without any obstacles being
put in their way.
Since that time West Germany has been considered the most important heroin
market in Europe. "Whoever previously went to Amsterdam," says a member of
the criminal police in Basel, "now gets his stuff in Munich or Frankfurt."
The following are active on this scene:
--Criminal associations that have migrated from the Netherlands, importing
inferior "heroin No 3" ("Hong Kong rocks") into the FRG from the east and
supplying neighboring countries from there with a tightly organized system
of purchasers, couriers, big dealers and go-betweens. ~
--Barely structured dope rings controlled by Turks, bringing exclusively
pure "heroin No 4" to the West German and Berlin consumers' centers via
the overland route from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran.
--Individual entrepreneurs from Middle Eastern countries who get heroin
in small quantities "from an uncle in Eastern Anatolia"--as one agent puts
it--and take it, generally by car, to the homeland of their choice.
How the links of the inCernational dope rings are forged is revealed by the
~trial of the so-called Singapore group now being tried in Hamburg after 2
years of investigations. With branches in Kuala Lumpur, Copenhagen, Bangkok '
and Amsterdam, the protagonists, according to the investigations, steered 34
accomplices and presumably several hundred kilograms of heroin around the
world while working out of their headquarters in a Chinese restaurant in
Hamburg. -
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Agents Eirst got on the traclc of what one BKA man calls the "so far biggest
her.oin operation ~aorking out of West German territory" in at first seemingly
unconnected captures of. alCogether 15 couriers. In Luxembourg, a transp~rCer -
~dit11 9 kilograms of heroin was nabbed, then a couple in Helsinki with 5 kilo-
grams and another couple in Hamburg with 10 kilograms of heroin. The stuff
was always the "No 3" brand produced in the Far East, and the sequence of
digits "2081400" was found in the notebooks of almost all those apprehended.
In decoding the figure, the investigators hit on a Hamburg telephone number.
True, whatever came over the hot wire, ~ahich immediatPly was monitored
officially, was likecaise in code, but the drug experts had no trouble under-
' standing it. tn calls fr~m Amsterdam and Singapore there was talk of "fi.sh"
and "vegetables" (heroin), "birds" (couriers) and "coats" (herain caches).
From South A�rica came the news that a particularly big fish was en route to
Hamburg.
~ Just where the prospective cargo of heroin from the Cape of Good Hope was to
be taken over in Hamburg came out in phone calls by a German woman to the
Hamburg Port Authorir.y who enquired three times about where the Malaysian
freighter "San Kuru" was to dock. When th.e agents arrived at the harbor, _
three sailors with choclc-full suitcases ran into their ~.rms. The contents:
38 ki.lograms of "Hong Kong rocks" worth 11.5 million deutsche mar.ks. -
[dhereas the Singapore group and three other internationally operating
' associations being tracked down by agents did all their European business -
via bases on FRG territory, the domestic market is increasingly being domi-
nated by Turks, and occasionally also by Lebanese and Iranians. Th~ type,
amount and price of the dru~s brought in via the Bosporus, in the opinion of _
agenrs, have initiated a"liighlv dangerous trend" whose effects cannot yet
be Eathomed at all." "
Tlie stuCf from the rliddle East, "heroin Na 4, up to 90 percent pur.e," is
not only more concentrated than tne "tiong Kong rocks" (30 to 60 percent
t~eroin), wliich used to dominate the market, but also much cheaper. Whereas ~
little more than a year ago it was still possible to attain a top price of
1,000 deutsche marks per gram, the fine heroin powder, which can also be
s~~urr-~a, is noco being sold cheaply at prices ranging from 100 to 200 deutsche _
marks.
The discount offer wirh which dealers constantly catch new consumers
(dealers' lie: "Snuffing causes no addiction") and still obtain profit
j margins of 2,000 percent r.esults from an import system, hardly controllable,
_ which has been catising an excess in supply for months. Differently from the
time oC the "Dutch connection," when a few heroin gangs controlled the market -
- and quantities, now, in the words of one agent, "the scene is being swamped, -
come hell or high water."
What is causing concern to the SKA narcotlc agents in this, above all, is
the "continuing decentralization of the heroin trade" that has been observed
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_ since the beginning of this year down to regional groups, family clans and ~
- individuals. "Independent small organizations" with "local protection of
territory" pass the stuff in small portions into FRG territory without mutual
coordination.
In this the Turks enjoy better protection from massive government pursuit
than do the couriers from the Far East. They are being provided cover by
their more than 1.2 million countrymen who reside legally in the FRG and
innumerable illegal immigrants. "Berlin," one agent says, "is the;jfourth
largest Turkish town in the worYd; how is one supposed to find the'dealers `
in those circumstances?"
In addition, heroin smugglers constantly become more criminally inventive
when it comes to hiding the precious merchandise. It is hardly possible to _
uncover it when it is srashed in the windshield washer.installations and
chrome of cars, film cans or ttie lining or under a bandaid on one's foot. -
- And l.ately it has become fashionable, because it is almost withouC risk,
also to use parts of one's body as hiding places.
~~~a
By her own admission, a 19-year-old German had transported 50 grams of heroin
in her vagina through customs until she was caught in a check in Frankfurt.
In a detention cell in rlunich, a couple of Iranian couriers decided to give
up, each drawing a condom filled with 50 grams of heroin out of his anus.
The risks entailed in such containers on occasion, however, are demonstrated
by the fate of Lebanese fixer and dealer El Husseini whose dead body was
_ found by a police patrol in Seesener-Strasse in Berlin. The post mortem
showed that while he had died of an overdose, his death had not been brought
about by an injection. In his stomach and inCestines were found 14 rubber
fingers containing a total of 224 grams of heroin which the Lebaneae had
swallowed. One had burst.
More obvious, but not endangering life, are some attempts at smuggling by
mail developed by dealers from the Middle East. Thus recently an evil-
smelling package addressed to a bogus company in Koblenz arrived at Rhein-
Main showing one Ali Salam of Lahore, Pakistan, as the sender. In Koblenz
_ the contents, sheep's intestines, with police watching, were transferred to a
Dutch car and taken to Utrecht. The final recipient was an intestine-import
firm in Amsterdam, which distributed the stuff among heroin dealers.
- Trie business practices of the only loosely organized Turkish heroin dealers
presumably will be revealed in a trial in Frankfurt in which 11 easterners
will soon have to appear to answer charges--all of them related, with
~ -
fathers, sons and a mother being involved.
According to the investigations, one member of the family enterprise, which `
offered the Turkish stuff throughout the FRG ("85-percent~pure stuff, the .
best heroin available"), had wor�ked a direct exchange of a Mercedes for 100
= grams of heroin. And when it happened that another delivery was in prospect
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from the homeland, the father, rel.ying on the profits, ordered "three
complete sets of cooking utensils at DM 1,449 each, COD"--enough to equip
the whole clan.
= The smuggle tours oE the loosely organized group sometimes started quite
spontaneously. A young couple, according to the investigations, very
suddenly made up its mind to go to Turkey in order to buy the goods, to get
married and to pay off its debts.
And since a 34-year-old Turkish woman had been given notice to quit her
apartment in Frankfurt because she was behind in her rent, something had to
be done for her. As the agents found out, a trip was arranged in a white
VW bug to the Bosporus, and 2 kilograms of the best heroin were imported
into the FRG in a cell of the car battery. _
The narcotic agents also uncovered the imported stuff of the clan at other
places--1,000 grams in tnusic boxes in Berlin, 1.73 kilograms in the door
panel oL- an apartment in Frankfurt, 600 grams in a detergent box with dealer
"Apo" in Munich and 200 grams in a fruit hamper in a residence in Frankfurt--
according to the investigations, kept only barely covered by onions and
potatoes "so as to be easy to get to."
Sometimes the Turks no longer go to any great pains to stretch the stuff.
. Thus, the criminal police found, one man enri.ched 100 grams of the best
heroin with 70 grams of sugar--a mixture that could not be sold n~w even
among tyro fixers. The adulterator was reviled as a"son of a bitch" by
~ his comrades.
The investigations nevertheless dragged on, what with the relatives, as also
in other cases, being unwilling to incriminate each other. It was never
established cahether even more important wirepullers were operating back of
the Turkish clan. "They keep their mouths shut to such aa extent," says BKA
chief agent Strass, "that it happens more and more rarely for us to be able
to get to anyone."
The difficulties in grabbing people abroad behind the scene are likely to be
less serious when newcomers try to trade in heroin and are caught in the
pr.ocess--as came out in a trial in Duisburg in June. Some Turks offering -
3.5 kilograms of "first-rate merchandise" in the Ruhr had drawn the attention
of drug exper.ts of the Duesseldorf Land Criminal Police Office (LKA).
rlembers of an instantly formed special squad (cover name: "Travel Bureau")
_ first involved themselves in conversations as investigators and in the end
- entered into a deal. When the stuff was to be delivered in the Sauerland
_ for 400,000 deutsche marks, the LKA agents nabbed the seller, a 57-year-old
Turk named Yussuf Khamaran.
Mr Khamaran turned out to be a former member of ~arliament of the National
- Salvation Party who had lost his seat at the ~ast elections on the Bosporus.
He stated that he had discussed the consequences of his defeat with former
Turkish Deputy Prime ~Iinister Necmettin Erbakan. He told the criminal police
in Duisburg that the conL-ents of the conversation had been as follows:
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"AFter I had lost the election, I went to see Erbakan. I told him that I was
now unemployed. Erbak.an made me the offer to sell heroin in the FRG, saying
'You will. make a good profit."'
- Ntiamsran was sentenced to 7 years' imprisonment. Investigations at first also ~
initiated against party head Erbakan were later suspended--as happens so often
when the tracks lead to the countries of origin and transit of heroin.
M..~; '.i~..~.
= TOD A US DER SPRITZE . i~ ~
1~ ~
~A C]
) 430 ~
Rauschgift�Tote in der 8undesrepublik 2~ 390 ~ _
/ ~ (durch unmittelbaren Umgang mit harten
I~' Dro en, uberwie end Heroin) Ende 3~
~ 9 9 Juli:
335 -
194
139
104 106
~ 61
~
e 1970 1971 1912 1973 1974 1975 1916 1971 1978 1979
3
~
167.3
" 167,1 ~
- ~ In der Bundesrepublik beschiagnahmtes Q
~ : , ~ Heroin in Kilogramm 4 ) ~ _
~ ~ Ende '
' Juli: 3 )
� 117,0
y si i ,
~ 15,4 33,0 ~ -
~~0~~ 309
. ~
1970 1971 1912 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Key:
1. Death From the Syringe
2. Number of persons in the FRG dead from narcotics (through direct
contact with hard drugs, predominantly heroin)
3. end of July
4. Heroin confiscated in the FRG, in kilograms
66 -
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,
~FAST VERDOPPELT
.
~ Zahl dcr Rauschgift�Abhangigen
r~ in der Bundesrepublik 2,)
1~ , 3~ Ende Marz 1979
42000 ~
~ 40000~oO '
~
i 31000
~ 22000
_ ~ ~ �
1 ~ ~ -
!
1976 1977 1978
a~ onua
~
Key:
1. Almost Doubled
2. Number of drug addicts in the FRG
3. end of March 1979
8790
CSO: 5300
; ~ -
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
COCAINE-SMUGGLING GANG BROKEN UP IN MUNICH
Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG in German 16 Aug 79 p 11
[Article by Johann Freudenreich: "They Planned a European Cocaine Center"]
[Text] The--fortunately short--history of the Munich branch of
a narcotics syndicate based in Peru is presently the subject of
a preliminary investa.gation by the Munich District Attorney's
Office, which is drawing to a close. Thanks to perfect coopera-
tion between the Bavarian State Criminal Police Bureau, the
Munich Customs Search Office, Scotland Yard and the American
Drug Enforcement Agency, the Munich business transactions of
the Lima narcotics bosses were terminated after a mer�e 3 days
~ and resulted in a negative balance: Seizure of a total of
5 kilograms of cocaine with a retail value of DM 1.5 million
and the arrest of seven European ring members.
With one exception, the seven ring members arrested are young Latin Americans
_ who had come to Munich to obtain professional training and who had been liv-
ing in foreign student dormitories on Adelheidstrasse and Guerickestrasse.
The room which Ricardo G. (29)--a pediatrician licensed in his homeland who
is presently in custody in Stadelheim--had been occupying in the "Latin
America College" on Guerickestrasse was to serve as a marketing base. Accord- -
ing to the investigations, it had been planned to supply from Munich not
only the entire Federal Republic, but also the neighboring countries.
On the advice of his defense counsels Rolf Bossi and Steffen Ufer, the pedia- _
- trician, the son of German emigrants, who had come to Munich to complete his
professional training, made a full confession which helped to clarify the
facts. According to the attorneys, G. is "probably the smallest wheel in
- the syndicate machinery."
The First Tip Came From London
The beginnings of the investigations date back to September of last year. -
At that time, the narcotics investigators of the Bavarian State Criminal.
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I'ol:i.c.a liurcau ancl the Munich Customs Searc}i Off ice had received a tip from -
laor~clon to the effect that narcotics dealers were planning to estahlish a
~ocaine marketing base in the Bavarian capital. Names were mentioned--the
names of four of the persons to be arrested later. They were put under
skillful surveillance and ~he State Criminal Pulice Bureau on Maillinger-
strasse and the Customs Search Office were in on evexy one of their steps:
Dealer Observed in Riem [1~lunich Airport]
On 24 April of this year, Hermann Ruiz Q. (27) was observed taking leave of
one of his "business partners" at the Riem airport, where he boarded a plane
to Lima. Tlle nature of his mission in the Peruvian capital was known down
_ to the smallest detail: He was to make arrangements for the smuggling to
Munich of approximately 5 kilograms of cocaine. According to the investiga-
tions by the District Attorney's Office, this was to be the ring's first
European shipment. On 6 June, one of its couriers arrived at the Frankfurt
airport, where he was welcomed not only by his drug traffic partners, but _
also by a group of customs officials. The searchers seized 2.2 kilograms of
cocaine found in his luggage. The courier and the man who had met him at
the airport we.re arrested.
Where i)id the Second Shipment Go?
The investigators now had to find out what had happened to the second part -
of the cocaine shipment. They proceeded from the assumption--to be confirmed
later--that the narcotic had already arrived in Munich. However, the confis- -
cation of the cocaine was preceded by a Ho.llywood-style police operation:
On 7 June, an agent of the American Drug Enforcement Agency--posing as a
narcotics buyer--established contact in Hamburg with a member of the drug
ring, the Chilean student Arias G. (25). The agent played the role so con-
vinci.ngly that the drug dealer took the bait and an agreement was reached,
A Sham Buyer Appears
- The cocaine--a total of 2.7 kilograms--was to be delivered in Munich at the
"wholesale price" of DM 380,000. In tl~e night of 6/7 June, the co::aine _
dealer and his sham client arrived in Munich. It was arranged for the deal
- to be closed in the morning of 8 June. The cocaine was to be handed over in
the sham buyer's room in a first-class Schwabing [Munich district] hotel.
The drug dealer first drove in his yellow Passat [German make of car] to the
dormitory on Guerickestrasse where the pediatrician was living. A short time
later, officers of the State Criminal Police Bureau who had followed it in
an unmarked car saw the yellow Passat on Leopoldstrasse, moving in the
direction of the }iotel where the sham buyer was waiting. Riding in the car
were tliree members of the narcotics ring, including the pediatrician.
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Detective Disguised as a tiVaiter
Having arrived at the hotel, the pediatrician stayed in the car, while his ~
fellow de~endants went up to the room of the American. One of them carried
a light-colored bag containing the "stuff." In the hotel room, there
followed the last act, which ended with the arrest of the drug dealers. ~
In the toilet of the hotel room and in the hallway, officers of the State
Criminal Police Bureau, some of whom were disguised as waiters, had been
waiting for the arrival of the dealers.
Interpol Searching for the Boss -
Interpol is presently trying to get ahold of the head of the Lima ring, a
certain ~'Carlos Alalu," who in his circles is mostly known only by his first
name. Aside from the pediatrician, some of the other ring members~arrested
made a partial confession. For example, the man who had smuggled the second
shipment of 2.7 kilograms of cocaine to Munich via Switzerland admitted
these facts. However, he claimed not to have known what was in the bag that
"Carlos" had handed him in Lima. But he had to admit that he had been paid
$5,000 for the transport and this '.'act belies his alleged innocence.
8760 '
CSO: 5300
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FEDER.AL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
HEROIN SMUGGLING FROM ASIA TO FRG DISCUSSED .
~ The 'Turkish Connection'
Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 27 Aug 79 pp 90-92, 96-98 -
[SPIEGEL report about areas of opium cultivation and ne~a suppliers of heroin:
"White Powder From the 'Turkish Connection
~ [Text] "We are now fighting them with their own weapons," confessed Chinese
Premier Chou En-lai years ago at a banquet in Cairo to Egyptian leader Jamal
al-Nasir.
Opium had been the weapon employed against the Chinese by the British in the
19th century and the Japanese at the beginning of the 20th century, and now
ttse Chinese, according to Chou, were helping to "produce opium for the U.S.
soldiers in Vietnam."
The war was over in 1975. As tens of thousands o.f GI's were returning home
as addicts, the poison came with them on the plane, hidden in their bags and
also in the coffins carrying their dead comrades.
_ And ever since, a creeping opium war has ruled the world, seeking its victims
primarily among Western youth--328 persons dead from narcotics in West Germany
by July 1979, 109 dead in France in 1978, 87 in Denmark compared with a couple _
_ of dozen in 1970.
International narcotic agents talk about "tilting at windmills." "Whenever
we cut off the Hydra's head," laments BICA [Federal Criminal Police Bureau]
narcotic division chief Strass, "it grows another one." Everyone realizes the
cle~rcut truth that as long as the opium-yielding poppy (papaver somniferum)
is grown, there will be addicts.
From the Middle East to the Far East, there flowers the white, red and purple
poppy whose gummy capsular juice, the raw opium, after being refined into
heroin, thrills the West European f ixers. It reaches their veins via tortuous
detours.
71
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'I'li~~ llic~riLer c~C u~~~~r~1L'LUt~S l.n Vletnam was stlll dominated by the so-called
Golden Tria�ngle betw~en Laos, Thailand and Burma, whose southern tip was formed
by the southern Chinese Province of Yunnan. In good; years some 700 to
1,000 ton~ of raw opium were harvested there, yielding something like lOQ tons -
of heroin.
� '1'he barren mountain regions popul.ated by the warlike Meo and Shan tribes and
by Nationalist Chinese Kuomintang soldiers dispersed there in 1949 are vir-
tually impossible to subject to any government control; the boundaries shown
on maps are meaningless, what with ever neca borders being drawn by gunfire.
For centuries the cultivation of poppy there has been the sole source of live-
lihood of the mountain peasants; for a long time it was for their own use,
until finally the GT's in VieCnam caused the first great boom.
Capable Chinese businessmen in Hong Kong and Singapore and no less astute
Malaysians in Kuala Lumpur took a firm hold of the business and expanded
it by seeing to it that the areas of cultivation were constantly increased.
With porters and caravans of mules and horses, the opium, escorted by warriors
brimming with arms, is taken down from Che mountains via ever new routes.
Quite often it is transferred to junks in Chinese waters and processed into
heroin in the poison kitchens of Hong Kong, Singapore and Bangkok or on
laboratory ships off the Burmese cuast.
All of a sudden, when the Vietnam war.was at an end, the big business of the
narcotic magnates organized in triads (secret family associations) appeared �
to be over. But they decided to pursue their customers, and their welfare
program even included GI's on German soil. In addition they benefited from
a fortunate event--the end of the so-called "French connection" in 1972.
Turkish opium from illegal and i~.legally branched off stocks, smuggled by
Turks to Marseilles, refined there by Corsican and Sardinian experts and
then shipped on, had been the classic reservoir of fixers in Europe and the
United States during the late 1960's and early 1970's until international
narcotic squads put an end to all the laboratories. With political pressure
and dollars to boot, the United States, having been supplied up to 80 percent
~ by the "French connection," induced Turkey to control cultivation of its
precious opium-yielding poppy.
Chinese in Amsterdam's restive Chinatown at that time discovered possible new
ways and with the bigshots in the Far East established the "Dutch connec~ion," �
which until 1977 gave Amsterdam the dubious reputation of a distribution cen-
ter for thP smuggling of heroin in Europe. Amsterdam also supplied 80 percent
of th~~ "Hong Kong rocks"--not exactly high-class stuff--of the German market.
~
The Chinese hit on bad times ~ahen the Dutch took rigorous steps to control
foreigners. As a prosecutor in The Hague real.ized in 1975, "the Chinese
criminals can put pressure on others because many are in Amsterdam illegally." -
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With:tn a period of ~ little over 2 years, 1,800 illegal Chinese immigrants
were expelled. By 1978, 150 big dealers were apprehended, while others had
killed off one another in bloady triad struggles. There was a drought in
Chinatown, and aC rhe end of 1y76 heroin was so scarce that prices climbed
from 200 ro 1,000 deutsche marks a gram.
What narcotic agents always had suspected (Strass: "There cai11 be competition
for the Chinese") occurred coithout delay. The finest white "H-4" started
trickling in from areas of illegal cultivation on the border between Afgan-
istan and Pakistan, where the situation was similar to the one in the Golden
Triangle: Pathan cvarlike tribes eager for autionomy make any government
control there virtually impossible. (See piece starting on page 92 [related
article below].)
The scarcity in Europe started an avalanche of heroin, the "Turkish connection,"
new in struc:ture atid routes and more dangerous than anything preceding it.
Ever since they first came as foreign workers to the West, the Turks have en-
gaged in busy migration between the FRG and the Bosporus. In the circumstances,
such Turks as now are transporting the stuff "by car, truck, train, in lug-
gage, on the body, in the body" (Strass) do not draw any particular attention.
The opium of the ne~a source is g~nerally smuggled through Iran into Kurdish
tribal areas of Turkey and there, near Gaziantep or Diyarbakir, and also
in Syria, is processed into a fine powder. Then come the transshipment
places in Izmir (for maritim~ transport via Greece and Italy) and Istanbul _
(for overland transport via the Balkans). ~
~ Smug~;lers on each side of the Aegean have buried the hatchet of Greek-Turkish
enmity. The Aegean Islands serve as places of exchange and storage to such -
an extent that the minister of finance, under reference 2537, addressed a
memorandum to the ministries of foreign affairs, public order and national
defense and to the intelligence service stating that "if at all possible,
better living conditions" have to be created for the inhabitants of the -
Aegean islands because evidently "illegal trade relations" with the Turks
are being used by them to satisfy "often vital needs of supply."
The overland routes o� the new "connec tion" meanwhile are also causing dif-
_ ficulties for other bordering countries. Within a single year Ivan Stoimenov,
a customs official on the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border, discovered 16 automobiles
wirh 550 kilograms of drugs.
While the 66 ca~ ~aith smuggled narcotics confiscated by Yugoslavia in 1978
yielded Tito's stare the equivalent of 75 million deutsche marks, this is
small. consolation Eor the costs ~ntailed in prosecution, in the Belgrade
view: "I� each day of arrest costs 10 dollars, Yugoslavia has to come up
with over a million dollars a year for smugglers who are not Yugoslav citi-
zens."
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The complaint is just as loud in the newspopeXs of neighboring Bul~ari.a:
"When we c~nfiscate 100 smuggled watches we save the state about 100,000 ~
levs, buC when we confiscate lOQ kilograms of narcotics we gain nothing."
West European narcotic agents find it ~ust as hard to cope with the ant-
like invasion of ad hoc traders via the Balkans as wiCh Che evident decentral-
ization of ~he distributor organization. Swiss prosecutor Max Imhof: "We
must get away from the noCion of a Mafia type of dope ring with a big crook
behind the scenes."
Many Turks are lured by the easy and quiclc money they can make with a few
inconspicuous grams of h eroin, while oChers are made to go into the dealer
business by force. Non-Turks, particularly Arabs, are attracted by the new
connection as if by magic. Thus, during the latest police raid in Istanbul
- last week, two Turks, two Egyptians, one Syrian and one Iraqi were arrested
prior to a planned trip to the north. A total of 2.9 kilograms of heroin had
been hidden in the chassis of their car.
The fact that Turks and Turkey are again in.the center of illegal trade with
the lethal narcotic is causing all the more concern to narcotic experts
throughout the world because they thought that at long last they were in a
position to show off Turkey as a model of controlled poppy cultivation--
- following attempts for decades at various locations.
In March 1971 the United Nations had [established] a special fund for drug
abuse control (UNFDAC)intended to strike not at the final stage of the narcotic
problem but at the root oP it--by changin,~ the agrarian structure in countries
_ growing the hemp and poppy plants which form the basic material of hashish and .
heroin. ~
For in the Golden Triangle as well as in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in Turkey -
and in Iran and also in Mexico, peasants for generations and in many cases
for centuries have lived off the cultivation of poppy.
In Turkey, for instance, the product of the poppy has given the Province
of Afyon its name: Afyon means opium. The poppy flower figured on coins,
and Anatolian peasants of the originally 42 opium cultivation provinces used
to give their daughters the narcatic as a dowry. They themselves used the
opium juice as a stimulant in their morning tea or as a medicine against all
kinds of ailments. Drops of it are even put in the milk bottles of infants.
For poor developing countries the opium-yielding poppy in many respects
proved the ideal plant to be cultivated. The gaining of opium is particularly -
labor-intensive: up to 250 hours of labor are required for the production
.of 1 kilogram of opium. The economic hectare yield is far above that of ,
wheat barley or alfalfa. The poppy seed may be used to produce an oil, the
the residue can be used as fodder, and the well-organized chains of dealers
make it unnecessary for the peasants to concern themselves with the transport
and marketing of the harvest.
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Mere bans on cii~tivation are therefore of little use. In Thailand, for example,
the United Nations started out by using the UNFDAC fund for an alternative
cultivation program. In 30 of altogether 700 to 1,000 villages living off
op.tum, agricultural experts'replaced the poppy fi~lds with coffee plantaCions,
orcha rds and the cultivation of vegetables. Thanks to UN support, the peasants
_ obtaj.ned more money for their coffee beans and pulse than they used to get
for the capsular fruits of the poppy. , -
In addition the development of a domestic handicraft is being promoted. Then
there is a program to eradicate illiteracy, an enlightenment campaign about
the harmfulness of drug consumption and the establishment of three clinics to
treat the large number of native addicts.~
Similar programs as in Thailand were also started in the Buner Region of
Pakistan, an area ot about 1,740 square kilometers consisting of valleys and ~
mountains reaching as high as 3,000 meters. According to a 1975 UN study,
. 80 percent of all households in that area were living exclusively off agri-
culture, and 70 percent of all peasants, were growing poppy. Almost 90 percent
of the entire cash income of the peasants derived from the sale of opium,
he dry subtropical climate of Buner, the UN experts established, made it pos-
sible, for example, to cultivate tobacco and fruits in place of growing poppy.
In Burma the United Nations has supported various government programs with
6.5 m illion dollars since 1976. According to experience gathered so far, in
addition to coffee and grain, flowers and rice are suited for covering the
peasants' own needs. At present the cultivation of walnuts is bei.ng tested.
But in many places it is first necessary to build irrigation installations.
Not least, the success achieved in alternative cultivatio~z has remained modest
because the UN fund for fighting drug abuse has been short of money in the -
initial years.
,
According to the budget drawn up by the founders of UNFDAC, the fund was to
receive 95 million dollars through voluntary contributions by UN member coun-
tries, but 4 y~ars after UNFDAC was established only 17.7 million dollars had
been received in the form of payrnents or even only pledges. Most of this--
14 million dollars--came from the United States.
Other member. countries that could afford to pay, such as the West Europeans,
regarded the narcotic problem for the time being as a uniquely American ques-
tion which did not concern them very much.
Only after the Southeast Asian dealers, following the departure of U.S, forces
from Vi.etnam, scaept their opium to Western Europe, were the authorities in
Berlin, Amsterdam aroused. In 1.978 the West Europeans were prepared to con-
tribute at least about 10 percent of the annual UNFDAC contribtitions, in the
amount of. 3 million dollars.
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Never.theless the United Stat~s, with its half million..heroin addict~;.remained
the motive power in the international fight against drugs,with U.S. narcotic
agents of the Drug ~nforcement Adminstration (DEA) training counterparts from
all over the world.
It was above all due to U.S. pressure that in 1971 Turkeys previously the main
supplier of illegal opium to Western Europe and the United States, issued a
total ban against the growing of poppy, which, though it was canceled again
in 1975, was celebrated as a victory.
Since that time, planters of poppy have had to apply for a government license,
which they r~ceive only if they can show that they have a clean record.
Cultivation takes place in seven provinces--in fields contiguous to one another,
making it possible to keep them fairly easily under surveillance and, moreover,
to survey them again after each harvest.
Contrary to previous practice, the Turks are no longer permitted themselves
to scarify the capsular fruit of the poppy to enable the opium juice to come
out and to be picked after it has dried slightly. Rather, they have to deliver
the whole plant intact. And during those 5 days in which alone the intoxi-
cating juice can be extracted, the fields are sealed off and kept under strict
armed militia guard. "
What w~':th the drying up of the Turkish' sources and the end of the "French
connec~tion," a new route opened up both for North~~America and Western Europe:
the "Mexican connection." It now took up to 70 percent of the heroin destined
for the American market.
As a countermeasure, Washington equipped the Mexican Government in 1976 with
14.5 million dollars for technical assistance and planes in fighting drugs.
One year later, the United States added another 11 million dollars.
Under U.S. guidance, Mexican army and police units combed the poppy cultivation
areas in the northwest of the country, and planes sprayed discovered opium
fields with herbicides, destroying an estimated 20,000 opium plants in
1975/1976. .
Later the new Mexican president, Lop'ez Portillo, dispatched more than 10,000
soldiers into the antidrug "C~eracion Condor." More than 700 people were
arrested in the State of Sinaloa alone--but so far the "Mexican connection"
has not been effectively disrupted.
_ "One of the elementary lessons we have learned," says the former U.S. coordin-
ator for international drug problems David H. Ernst, "is the fact that whenever
we make progress in one area of the world, the problem crops up anew in another _
area." .
~
It does not always have to be another area, for in the Promised Land back af
the Bosporus, opium appears to be growing another Hydra's head.
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When FRC agents quc~siton nabhed heroin smugglers about the extractior, of
optum juice in Turkey, it does nat take long for them to become well inf.ormed '
about ~he ~~roduction and distribution of heroin from Turkish fields. They
learn that not only is 'the juice again extracted, illegally, on the legalized
opium-ylelding poppy plantations but the small peasant secretly tends his poppy
Elelcl back of his house.
~ The "best heroin producer in Turkey," according to the Duesseldorf LKA [Land
Criminal Police Office], is a man named Ismet Kostu, an extremely wealthy
steelcaorks ocaner ~ahose relatives are reported to be operating as eouriers and
distributors in the FRG.
- Wat~t Kostu's compatriots are saying about him and his family confirms the newly
- formed suspicion of some narcotic agents that, all government control~ not-
withstanding, opium juice from legal poppy fields in Turkey continues to flow
_ into tlie forbidden channels.
According ro'Findings. by the police, the Kostu clan in Hassa, in the
= Iskenderun areu: "grows opium-yielding poppy, harvests the opium.juice and
itselE pr.ocesses the opium into heroin:"
_ In the regions around Gaziantep and Malatya as well, the agents established,
poppy is being grown for the pa~rpose of gaining opium. They say that
"smuggling in herain is thriving" there.
~
information ahour the state of the fields often is passed tersely to Turkish
go-betweens in the FRG, such as in a phone call to Frankfurt last summer:
~''I'he h~3rv~st of Erguvan is good."
_ Focal points oE contact for export to the FRG are the cafes and hotels in
= lstanhul. For example, buyers met with one Ali As1an in a luxury hotel on the
Bosporus to discuss the export in detail, And then, in a brown Mercedes
450 witii customs tags and 2 kilograms of heroin on board, the trip across
the Balkans to the FRG began.
rlpar.~ L-r~m the additior.al amounts from Turkey, sizable quantities of heroin
~ recen~ly have been reacning the fixer market from Lebanon, for since the
middle of last year poppy has been grown in that traditional cannabis-growing
country in the areas of Jammuna, Baalbek and Hermel, in which Syrian forces _
- are encountered only sporadically.
The chances are that the market and its methods will get tougher, While,
owing to a continual drought~in the Goldea Triangle, this yEar's poppy
yields are two-thirds lo~aer than last year's, the Pathan corner in Pakistan
more Chan compensates for th~s shortfall.
~
PakisL-ani dealers still have remair.ders from last year in their inventories.
rtuslim General Zia-ul-Haq recently made the puffing of opi.um* a crimi.nal
-~In Asi.a they do not use a syringe but "chase the dragon" by tisating heroin
on tinfoil and brcathing in the steam through tubes, or smoking opium in pipes.
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off.ense, the one-time legal dealers have gone underground. Their quondam
customers, the country's addicts, now receive their portions by prescription
rrom the state,
The harvest in April was a record one. According to BKA estimates, 500 to
600 tons of ra~a opium were made available at the Afghan-Pakistani border.
By the end of the year the total is expected to reach 1;000.
In addition illegally grown opium is flowing into the big stream of the
"Turkish connection" from Iran. Whi1e the shah was in power, the cultivation
of 16,000 hectares was permitted; according to U.S. experts, 26,000 hectares
are now being cultivated, and in the opinion of one U.S. drug expert "no one
is exercising any control any longer--not even Khomeyni's forces."
- In the face of this excessive supply of unadulterated merchandise, the Chinese,
who had virtually vanished from the ne~a German market after the Amsterdam
defeat, nevertheless paid a great deal of attention to figuring out new ways
as illicit dealers on German, French, British and Scandinavian soil.
What caorked to their disadvantage was the long maritime or aerial routes, plus
- tlleir type of courier which appeared to have crystall�ized after hundreds of -
arrests. "He cvas in his twenties and had had little training," says Superin-
tendent Dick Williamson of Che Hong Kong drug police, "looked out of place
in his new suit and was on his way to visit a cousin in Amsterdam or London."
_ Of late, ho~oever, according to Williamson, "just about anyone" is liable to
be carrying the little packages bearing the trademark well known to any dealer ~
or fixer. "A big-bellied businessman in smart shiny duds; a middle-aged
banker in a blue suit and wearing Gucci shoes; a European student in jeans
on a vacation i.nto the blue, long-haired and a knapsack on his back. Or it
may be a young mother with a 6-month-old baby, the obligatory milk bottle and
a supply of Pampers, the visitor to a fair, a pilgrim on the way to Mecca,
a pilgrim en route to the Vatican. Al1 of that has happened."
And Frankfurt Prosecutor Harald Koerner, who has studied the practices of the
Southeast Asians on location, says that "itineraries are becoming increasingly -
confusing. Hardly anyone ever takes a direct flight to Frankfurt any longer,"
but clever detours are tak~n to deceive the pursuing agents.
Apparently Moscow is particularly popular as a way station. The reason: -
Transients from the Far East are only occasionally subjected to rigorous
checks in Moscow. In turn, when they land at airports in the West, customs
agents all too frequently assume that whoever comes from Moscow no longer needs
to receive careful attention.
Ar ttie heroin turnstyle for all of Scandinavia--Copenhagen--the triad bosses
nevertheless slowly but surely are coming up against tough competition. At
the beginiiing of this.year Danish police tracked down a ring which had been -
established by one Marie Fink, 52, married to a Turk. -
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Despi.tc~ the arrest of a dealer, Mrs Fink (resident in Ankara and at Sosum
near I'rederikssund) arrivPd in Denmark with a brandnew Rover 3500. She was
arresCed. The volume of her business with the new Pakistani-Afghan stuff had
been worth 30 m~.llion deutsche marks.
The solid existence of this latest "connection" was confirmed in April by the
arrest of Vigo Henning Nielsen, 52, until. a couple of years ago the head of
, the Bari pipe factory and still the owner of several restaurants. With his
t~oo sons, Kaj and Jorgen, an~l others he had supplied Danish fixers with Middle
Eastern heroin. '
_ Furthermore the Turkish channel appears to be opening up in the country first
ravaged by the Vietnam viru:; where narcotic agents are resting on the laurels
of their Mexican battle--the United States.
"Our problem has decreased," maintains Lee Dogalof, the head of the ant~drug-
abuse staff in the ~dhite House.
And in fact the number of heroin addicts has gone down by 100,000 to 450,000,
L-he number of dead even by 50 percent--from about 190 in 197fi to 95 .in 1977,
with this tiend continuing. In any case, Dogalof concedes: "We might again
become the victim at any time."
The U.S. victim has long since been squirming in the nets of the triads:
in 1976 about 90 percent of the stuff imported into the United States came
from Mexico, while at present this figure is down to 56 percent.
The I'ar East is supplying 36 percent, and with 8 percent the Turks have a
hand in it, via old routes. Marseil_les is operating again; as yet in a small
way, hut the stuff is okay.
The Afghan-Pakistani Opium Scene ~
- Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 27 Aug 79 pp 92-93
[Article by SPIEGEL editor ~rich Wiedemann on the opium-growing areas of
Pakistan: "Stuff at the `Place Between Two Hells"'] -
[Text] A cardboard sign on the shutters of the "Restaurant to the Seven
Dreams" shows cohat has happened to the hashish and opium gastronomy in
Peshawar: "The management announces the closing of the establishment, The
new owner is the Punjab Fried Chicken Company."
The dream has vanished; it will take some tirne before someone takes off here
again. The fault lies primarily with the ayatollahs and the communists, for
the regime of the Iranian anabaptists and the civil war in Afghanistan have -
slashed the dream road of the hippies and junkies. Moreover, fi_xing and taking
hash in the strictly Islamic Pakistan no~a is punished by thrashing--not very
consistently, but the no-risk aura is gone.
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The Ra.inbow Hotel on Railway Road is shutting its doors as well. "No more
cusComers," says th~ owner; "last month, there came three done-for types who -
wanted to get their .final shot, One made it, the others I threw out." No:
l~e caniiot makc~ a living off such guests.
'I'ax~i driver Khalid [~at~iE is not inclined to share such fatalism. Despite bad
weather, his poppy field yielded more than 10 kilograms of opium in the
spring--a profit ~f 2,'OO,i) deutsche marks' worth for Khalid.
_ . .
The gap between producer and final consumer prices iri~the opium business is
due to market phenomena which have again become shaky of late. The stop in
replenishments from the Far East and a severe reduction in domestic demand
fn Pakestine and Afghanistan and, at the same time, a strong increase in con-
sumption in West Europe have helped Che Pakistani-Afghan opium trade to attain
an unprecedented prosperity. According to U.S. estimates, the total production
in 1978 amounted to 800 to 1,000 tons--about half of global production.
Purely from the economic point of view, the opium situation is this: The
area of cultivati.on for profitable planting in the karstic regions of the
rliddle east is limited by nature. "How else is a family of eight supposed
to make a living if it has only half a hectare of land?" asks Saj~ad.Sahid,
the director of the Pakistan Narcotics Control Board. While half a hectar;..z:
of poppy yields the equivalent of 3,000 to 4,000 deutsche marks a year, half
a hectare of tobacco, the next most profitable plant, yields only 500 duetsche
marks' worth. The income of a poppy planter amounts to about 6,000 deutsche
marks a year--a great deal of money in a country with a per capita income
_ amounting to 350 deutsche marks.
Even if the governments in Kabul and Islamabad were to strictly ban any
growing of poppy, the border area between the two countries would remain the
top opium supplier in the world, because by f.ar the richest areas of culri-
vation lie in the Tribal Territories, an 80-to-100-kilometer-wide strip
extending along the Pakistani-Afghan border from the Soviet Union to Beluchistan
These are ruled by the Pathans, fierce tribal warriors passing to their
children preponderantly stories about blood feud, opium wars and cut-off wars.
The Pathan country is barred to General Zia's Pakistani and President Taraki's '
Afghan soldiers. In exchange for their autonomy, the Pathans grant civilians -
the righr of transit on the road leading across the Khyber pass. They also
let foreigners pass through unscathed. The authorities do not even intervene
when vendetta battles rage in the Territories; their autonomy includes the
right to wage a blood feud.
Though himself a Pathan, Khalid Latif demands a 100-percent hazard premium
for rhe drive into the Tribal Territories. In turn, the passenger.,is entitled
to protecrion by Kt~alid's sir,-shooter. Ten kilometers after leavin~;'Peshawar,
the driver-soldier takes his revolver from the glove compartment and puts it -
on the seat, Here Khalid is at home; here a man can still di~play h.is weapon.
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i,c~Ct ancl r:lght on the mounta:Ln slopes hang the forts of the Pathan clans--proud
castles with crc~nels in their walls, the better ones even equipped with their
own ga:~oline s~atian and mosque~
[n Ct~e interior yards, they concoct hashish. But hash3sh actually yields a
far smaller profit than opium. The big opium kitchens are located in 5wat,
about 100 kilometers to the north. Swat is out of bounds for foreigners, not
so much because of the opium as because of the serfs, who--partly in chains--
scarify the capsular poppy fruit for its expensive juice. Even in the most
remote Pakistan one does not care to display that sort of thing.
A short distance bei'ore Landi Kota1 three warriors ~oith submachineguns block
the road. Khalid steps on the brake and shouts at them saying that he is ~
~arrying an "Alemani." ~The warriors grin, embarrased, saying tha~t ali~they '
wanted was a light for their Chesterfields.
The old opium dealer in the bazaar in Landi Kota1 looks more fierce. He has
- pl3ced a dozen or more opium packages wrapped in leaves on the decimal balance .
but the customer wants more, saying that the ~aeights are worn. The old man.
flies into a rage. Furious, he rips a loaf of opium from the shelf, breaks
it in two and bangs the bigger half on the scale, worth at least a Porsche
Targa. With ths inventory stacked up to the ceiling of the ramshackle wooden _
shack, the drug scene of the German fixer capital, Berlin, could be kept going
- for a quarter of a year.
No wonder. Thanks to its ideal bor.der location, La~idi Kotal is the turntable
- of the Afghan-Pakistani opium trade, The annual turnover in the hot merchan-
dise is more than 150 tons--enough to saturate all of West Europe.
i
Heroin and also the morphine base '~iarried by Turkish foreign workers to West
Germany originate for the greater part in Landi Kotal. All that the Turkish
dealers do is to have the opium from the Territories refined in Anatolia. ,
Roughly 10 kilograms of raw opium yield 1 kilogram of heroin or morphine base,
_ or 5,000 morphine sulfate dragees, which, though less economical, are very
popular, because they can easily be concealed in the knots of neckties,
lipstick cases and film cartridges. ~
Dealers of stature have their utensils produced in Darrha. A completely new
industry has been creat.ed in that small place, popularly known as the "place -
between the two hells.',1 The goods can be viewed in the street--suitcases with
false bottoms and fixed.;:gasoline tanks. The owner of the New Blacksmith
Company reads Khalid the;,riot act because, thinking nothing, he has betrayed
commercial secrets . ~I
His wrath goes docon some tahen he learns that the stranger is "a friend of the
Pathans from Germany." Ttie Germans are his favorite customers, he says.
They include three young people who come twice every year in a new Mercedes,
fly off to Bangkok for a seaside vacation and 4 weeks later come to get their
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~
i
car again, loaded and welded without giving off any smell. ~ _
ii ~
The Germans even leave it to him to do the purchasing, and pay without
checking. Opium trade is a matter of trust. Their license jilates, however,
they always take off a couple of kilometers before reaching the place.
For "freelancers' without their own service network who like to make it with
one coup, the traders in Darrha and Landi Kotal have instituted a supply
servi~ce. For a small surcharge, the stuff is delivered in a fixed suitcase
to the transients' hall of Karachi.airport. If large deliveries are involved,
a courier drives a half day's distance ahead of the supply vehicle to insure
smooth transit through the police checkpoints between Peshawar and Karachi.
Overland deliveries by truck generally are so well camouflaged that they'reach
their destination almost without any bribe money being spent. "Only at the -
German border, one has to grease the palms of customs officers," says a man
in the know; those of the other countries are too sleepy anyway to notice any-
thing."
The fact that corruption is not only the result of the sloppy eastern way of
doing business has become known not among German police but among dealers.
A German woman of the "Baltimore gang" who recently was trapped in Sahid's
net claimed that allegedly customs officers at Frankfur~ airport were in-
cluded in the bribe money list of the narcotic wholesalers.
The courier deposits the suitcase he is smuggling in a baggage locker and ~
gives the key to a"local agent" who arranges with a bought customs officer
for it to go through customs. '
Director Sahid could give the Germans a great many tips, but unfortunately,
he says, no one asks him to.
- 8790 .
CSO: 5300
.
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
SEIZURES OF HEROIN IN AMSTERDAM, FRANKrURT, OFFENBACH REPORTED
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU in German 17 Aug 79 p 13
[Report by Volker Gallandi of FRANKFURTER RUNDSCHAU: "A Dozen Kilograms
of Heroin Suffice for 300,000 New Addicts--Police Seize Drugs and Arrest
Dealers")
[Text] In cooperation with Dutch police, Frarikfurt police and the Public
Prosecutor's Office, the Federal Criminal Police Bureau has managed to deal
a significant blow to the international drug trade. In Amsterdam 12
kilograms of presumably pure heroin were seized, 1 kilogram was found~in
the possession of a couple of Turks within the urban confines of Frankfurt,
and another 400 grams of pure heroin were confiscated ar_ the Carl Ulrich
Bridge in Offenbach near the bank of the Main.
The narcotic agents ma.naged their catch in Amsterdam after preliminary work
_ meeting high-strategy standards. Against payment of 4,000 deutsche marks,
a Thai who was in financial straits had said he was willing to start a
suitcase w3th contents unknown to him on its way to Euiope. Tn Bahrein the
suitcase was taken over by another East Asian, who in turn passed it to his
wife. She turned over the expens3ve cargo to a Dutchman, who was finally .
arrested in Amsterdam.
For the Thai detained in Frankfurt, the offer by the heroin dealers con-
stituted an attractive opportunity qu3ckly to get hold of what was--for
him--a great deal of money. I~n addition to the money he had received, he
was carrying a first-class ret~urn ticket.
The Frankfurt Public Prosecutor's Office very nearly had been obliged to set
- the Asian free again, because the suitcase with the narcotic.was stil.l on
~ the plane and it was therefore a matter of dispute whether, according to FRG
customs regulations, "importation" of the narcotic had in fact taken place.
Nor was it possible in light of this situation to consider the possib3.lity
of violations of the narcotics law. In any case the legal question has been
clarified: not airports but only appropriately designated ports and the
Island of Helgoland are duty-free zones. Thus the Thai will be tried for
having violated customs regulations.,~ . ~
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In the second case two Tuzks wexe seized while in possession of the "best
stuff," which even was still under seal. In case No 3, another 5 persons
were arrested in connection with the seizure of 400 grams of pure heroin.
To fathom the importance of these finds, one has to realize that at the
moment 1 gram of average heroin fetches from 200 to 300 deutsche marks on
the "market." There is no precise price because a so-called "heroin glut"
has swept the "scene" at the moment. _
What is more important than this price, however, is the danger of the
spreading of the heroin that such a quant3ty entails. Taking a case
_ , concerning 4.5 kilograms of heroin, a Frankfurt prosecutor recently cal-
culated that such a quantity sufficed to make addicts out of 100,000
narcotic candidates. Accord~ngly the dealers theoretically could "push" -
300,000 addicts with the amount seized in Amsterdam.
,
8790
CSO: 5300
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ FRANCE
BRIEFS
OVERDOSE DEATH STATISTICS--Here are the figures on deaths from drug over- -
doses: 10 deaths in 6 months on the Cote d'Azur. There were two a week
or so ago, three in August, one in July, one in May and two in March.
These statistics tie in with the renewed operations of the "French con-
. nection," exposed by the Italian police. [Text] [Paris VALEURS ACTUELLES
in French 10 Sep 79 p 13] �
CSO: 5300
~ti
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. PORTUGAL
CHINESE TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED TRANSPORTING HEROIN
Eight Kilograms Confiscated ~
Porto 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO in Portuguese 7 Aug 79 p 7
[Text] "Zhis is the first large heroin seizure in Portugal. Until now we
had not even suspected that international routes went through here," an in-
vestigator at the Lisbon Center for Investigation and Control of Druga ~
(CICD) told 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO. He was referring to the 8 kg of heroin `
(with a market value of about 200,000 contos), which that agency seized as
a res ult of a wide-ranging operation carried out in recent waeks.
Two of th e three international traffickers--Chinese natives of Hong Kong
bearing English passports--were also arrested by the CICD on the '~Sud-
Express," en route to France. After crossing the Portuguese border, the
heroin would have gone via Paris to Amsterdam, since the 8 kg were destined
for th e traditionally receptive Dutch market.
Asked about the significance of the seizure for a country like Holland, the
_ Lisbon CICD official said simply: "Obviously, it is large. This is not 8
kg of hashish. Heroin is a killer."
~ ~
_ In the opinion of the investigator, the seizure is equa.lly important for
Portugal, for several reasons: not only because it reveals a trend in in-
~ ternational routes and constitutes a warning which w3.11 result in greater
vigilance in the tuture, but also because the Portuguese heroin ma.rket is
generally supplied through Amsterdam, where user-traffickers buy 1 or 2
ounces (a few grams) at retail to sell and consume in our country.
"We11, if the drug is prevente~ from reaching Ho11and, it cannot be sold
there to supply the Portuguese market," he commented, .
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,
Enough to supply Portugal For a Year
Our market cannot handle such a large transaction, because "for the time
being--fortuna.tely--that amount of heroin would be enough to suppl.y Poreugal
for an entire year."
In fact, as the CICD official explained to us, "Th~ seizures to date have -
never exceeded 1 or 2 grams," since "heroin traffic is not at all organized
in our country."
The CICD warns, however, that "the size of the shipment seized now reveals
~ that natianal territory is frequently us ed as a transit point for interna-
tional trade,...which is the first step taward importation and a situation
of imminent danger."
The official explains: "Given the drug's destination, these seizures ob-
~viously do not indicate increased drug use in Portu-ga1. Besides, even when
the drugs are destined for the domestic macrket, it would be a simplistic
view of the drug phenomenon to look at drug seizures as sure indicators of
an increasing drug incidence."
Danger in Pharmacies
Given the Portuguese ma.rket, the small quantities that are obtainable, by
robbing pharmacies would be a significant amount. Incidentally, this-.:;:s
' the nature of a warning the CICD made some time ago, which tha competent
~ authorities continue to ignore.
"We have alrea.dy alerted the General Directorate of Pharmacies, and nothing
has been decided yet," the investigator commented, adding:
"Heroin is an ana.lgesic which has not been used therapeutically for over 13
years. Doctors now prefer to prescribe morphine or mil.der products. Never-
theless, th e pharmacies continue to keep a"stock," out of inertia, neglect-
ing to take a simple measure for their own security. By disposing of the
heroin they still have, the pharmacists would offer less''' temptati4n for pos-
` sible robbers. Moreover, they would not suffer any great 1ass; although a
_ gram of heroin is worth about 1,50Q escudos on the free market, it sells for
about 12.50 escudos directly over the counter.
Such a simple measure would require only that an official` agency assume the
job of contacting the establishments and cal~.ing in their existin;--usuall,y _
sma.ll-heroin s tocks .
Meanwhile, the CICD points out, "over 2,000 doses of diamorphine, equal to
- 250 grams of heroin, have been introduced on the domestic ma.rket as a result
of various pharmacy robb eries, and for this reason "the center has warned
_ of this danger and has~proposed measures, arguing for the establishment of a
87
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"system of supervision, control and security in the disrribution of psycho-
tropic medicines. This primary goal, at the domestic market level, is yet to
b e achieved, for reasons known to the center."
Algarve No Problem
As can b e deduced from the importance the CICD ascrib es to the 250 grams of
heroin stolen from phai~na.cies, the movement through Portugal of no less than -
8 kg is indeed significant.
On the other teand, as the CICD explained co us, it is very difficult to de-
tect the traffic in the sma.11 quantities that supply the Portuguese market.
That market is supplied basically by the two methods mentioned above: with
small purchases in Amsterdam and through thefts.
Shouldn't the constant flow of tourists through our coimtry be taken into
account, particularly in th e Algarve, where the tourism is sometimes luxury
class?
Certainly, the extstence of a rich and "carefree" market is an enticement to
the trafficker, but "Algarve is not a problem," a CICD official explained to
us .
"In effect, consumption is higher there, and for this reason there are some
touris~s who econoinize on their v~;,cations by purchasing small, amounts of -
~ heroin at a low price on w ell-stocked markets and selling i~ at some profit.
Well, this kind of 'cottage' traffic, in small quantities, is extremely hard
to detect and control." -
On the other hand, if that kind of traffic is hard to detect simply because
it is small, we can also b e assured that, for the time being, the Algarve ~
has not yet become an important center for trafficking and consumption of
hard drugs.
Fugitive Chinese
Returning to the present cas e, ho~wever, it does not take much imagination to
lend it the suspense of a police film.
~ As the Chinese in movies are always "inscrutable" or "Machiavellian," it is
not hard to envision them in an interesting and fast-moving plot, especially
when th ere is also a manhunt and the CICD, for obvious reasons, is withhold-
ing details for th e time,b eing.
"r
Referring to th e fugiti;e, the CICD commented: "Having abandoned his
precious cargo, he is now in a difficult and dangerous situation," having to
face his "supervisors" and "comma,nders."
This means that there is a h unted G'hinese at large in our c ountry, which has
promise, at least as a point of departure for th e nation's imagination,
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which has lately been occupied solely with the dramatic e�fects of high
prices and the fantastic denouncements of successive government crises.
Network Pass es Through Macao
As the CICD itself comments, the fact that the Chinese fugitive is now being
hunted--after abandoning his suitcas e filled with heroin--places him in a
vulnerable position; he must presume that he will, either be caught or be
banished from the international drug circuit.
In effect--and basically--the seizure of 200,000 conto's worth of heroin is
a significant blow to the international organization. Headqua.rtered in Hong
Kong, it bought the drug in Bangkok, to "poison" the world with it.
Given its location, it is natural that the network also has "bureaus" in
Macao. As a CICD inve~tigator explained to us, th e traffickers who operate
in Hong Kong also operate in Macao, and there is close communication between
the two countries in this respect.
T~ao Bulging Suitcases
- The choice of our country to transport "such hot" material is a normal pre-
caution; first, b ecause a traveler arriving in Amsterdam from Southeast Asia
would b e checked out immediately and, second, because Portuguese customs
officers are still not particularly skilled in such detection. In the third -
place, a Portuguese stamp on a passport is good insurance.
This ~xplains why the three Chinese chose to take this wide swing before pro-
ceeding to Amsterdam.
One of the suitcases, which we could see was still stuffed with heroin, would
otherwise have easi].y aroused the suspicion of alert customs officers. A1-
though it was skillfully concealed in a false bottom, the 5 kg of heroin,
with its added ~*eight, would not have gone unnoticed.
- "But th e oth er suitcase," commented the CICD offic~.al, "had a good chance of
passing even a well guarded border; the 1 and 1/2 kg were ~carefully concealed
in th e decorative bindings.
- It is not to b e supposed, however, that the Portuguese investigators had an
easy time achjeving a"happy" outcome (not happy for the Chinese, certainly).
Some 28 CICD investigators work ed with the Border Guard and the General
, Directorate of Customs for weeks on end.
- Their success is the fruit of an older ongoing operation developed during
the last three months, which were, Gpent studying the itineraries and the pro-
files of the "couriers," as well ~s intensive vigilance and supervision of -
points in our country that are vulnerable to the entry of drugs.
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One Trafficker Escapes
Porto 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO in Portuguese 8 Aug 79 p 6
[Text] The Chin es e heroin traffick~r who managed to escape from the author-
ities ma.y ~lready have left the country.~ ~e trafficker had been arrested in
Lisbon along with two other Chinese, en route to Amsterdam and carrying :8 ,
kg of heroin, as reported yesterday in 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO.
Although�INTERPOL has been alerted, th e police wi11 have some difficulty de-
tecting the Chinese trafficker, who carriad a false passport, once he has
left the country, a CICD [Center of Investigation and Control of Drugs]
spokesman admitted to 0 PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO.
The false passports carried by the three Chinese traffickers are one of the
distinctive marks of the criminal element that roa.ms th~e world with very
little likelihood oi police detection.
The same source admitted that the Chines~e fugitive, G~hb is somewhere in
Europe, could have m~re to fea.r at the hands of his controllers than from
_ the pol.ice hunt. '
In effect, the fact that the "merchandise" did not arrive in Paris for de-
livery to Amsterdam could mean that the Chinese "courier," who has not been
apprehended yet, has provoked the wrath of his supervisors.
6362
CSO: 5300 END
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