JPRS ID: 9305 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300030025-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 97
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 25
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L~~9305 ~
18 September 1980
Worldwide Re ort -
p
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROIJS DRUGS
CFOUO 39/80) ~
FBiS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SEPVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
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JPRS L/9305
18 September 1980
WORLDWIDE REPORT ~
NARCc;iICS AND DANGER~US DRUGS
(FOUO 39/80)
CONTENTS
ASIA
AUST RALIA
Briefs
He ro in Swal lowe r Convi cte d 1
Ztao Offenders Jailed 1
Heroin Bust 2 .
Drug Dealers Sentenced 2
B URMA
Briefs
Seizure ot Heroin 3
Arrest of Heroin In~ectors 3
Jail for H~roin Injectors 3
Seizure of Opium 3
Heroin Seizure 4
Heroin Seizure in Three Townships q
NEW ZEALAND
. Official T~:srns of Growing Drug Pmblem in Country
(THE NEW ZEALAND IiERALD, 1 Aug 80) 5
Bill Proposes Assets Confiscation in Drug Offenses
(Various sources, 7 Aug 80) 6
Prosecution Time Limit Extended
~ Opposition M.P. Reservations
Cannabis Offense Figures in Wellington Up Sharply
(~iE EVENING POST, 19 Aug 80) 8
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Auckland Harbor Cargu (hecks for Drugs Tightened
(~IE NEW ZEALAND HERALD, 5 Aug 80) 9
Detectives To Teach at Regional Narcotics Course
(THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD, 26 Jul 80) 10
Ztao Sentenced for Largest Cannabis Oil Importation
. (~iE EVE1~TiNG POST, 8 Aug 80) 11
Stolen Morphine Supplier Gets 3 Years' Imprisonment
(THE EVENING POST, 1 Aug 80) 12
~ Briefs
Heroin Supply Sentence 13
LSD Supply Sentences 13
PAKISTAN
Briefs
Charas, Opium Seized 14
PHILIPPINES
Marihuana Planters Surrender, Take A~esty
(Oswald N. Alvaro; PHILIPPINES DAILY EXPRESS,
25 Aug 80) 15
EAST EUROPE
�UGOSLAVIA
Briefs
Drug Peddler Sentenced 16
LATIN AMERICA
~ BOLIVIA
Commentary on Drug Trafficking, International Dis~redit
(Editorial; PRESENCIA, 1 Aug 80) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Wri~er (harges Bolivtan Army 'Most Corrupt' in Americas
(Gregorio Selser; EL DIA, 20 Jul 80) 19
Narcotics Control Office Steps Up Activities
(EL DIARIO, 1 Aug 8(1) 25
Illegal Laboratories Dismantled by Officers
(EL DIARIO, 1 Aug 80) 26
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B riefs
Ministry Rejects Drug ~arges 27
B RAZI L �
'Brazilian Connection' in Drug Traffic Discovered
(LA RAZON, 19 Aug 80) 28 -
Briefs
Drug Working Group 29
Official Caught With Cocaine 29
COLOI~I A
B rie fs
U.S. Plane With Weapons Seized 30
Antidrug Operations Results 30
Venezuela Denies Complicity 30
PERU -
Briefs
Drugs Seized 31
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
EGYPT
Maj or Narcotics Dealer Arrested
(Hus ayn Ghanim; AIrAHRAM, 25 Jun 80) 32
Briefs
Opium Bust at Airport 33
IRAN
Seven Narcotics Dealers Executed
(Tehran Domestic Service, 29 Aug 80) 34
ltiree Sentenced, Executed for Narcotics Offens.es
(Tehran Domestic Service, 23, 25 Aug 80) 35
Court Sentences, Executes 'Ihree
Four M~re Executed
Briefs
Drug Traffickers Executed 36
Prison Drug Traffickers Arrested 36
Drug Dealers Executed 36
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Drugs Seized 36
West Coun~try Drug Discovery 36
Khalkhali Statement on Addicts 37
Opium Discovered 37
Opium Confiscated 37
Drug Arrest 37
Traffickers Arrested 37
Narcotics Seizure 37
Drug Traffickers Issued Warning 38
S UB-S AHARAN AFRI CA
GUINEA-BISSAU
Various Foreigners Implicated in Drug Traffic Expelled
(NO PINTCHA, 22 Jul 80) 39
SOUTH AFRI CA
Dagga To Be Destroyed by Spraying
(Emielia Jaroschek; RAND DAILY MAIL, 1 Aug 80)......... 41
WEST EUROPE
PENMARK.
~~ristiania Sets Up Own Police Force To Stop Hard Drugs
(Marja Honkanen; HEISINGIN SANOMAT, 5 Aug 80).......... 42
GREECE
Narcotics Traffickers Arrested in Piraeus
(K. Doukas; AKROPOLIS, 2 Aug 80) 46
ITALY
Palermo Prosecutor's Murder Linked to Mafia, Drugs
(Various sources, 8, 10 Aug 80) 49
Mafia`s 794th Victim in 3 Years, by Baudouin
Bollaert
International Drug Ties, by Franco Nicastro
Further Details, Background, by Giuseppe Sottile
Mafia Leaves Trail of Drug- Related Murders in Sicily
(GIORNALE DI SICILIA, 20, 26 Jul 80) 57
. Boris Giuliano Investigation Continues, by Daniele
Billitteri
Giuliano Investigation: Further Detials
Esmeralda Ferrara Investigation netails
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Pietro de Lisi Murder, Drug Investigation
(Fran co B adalamenti, Daniele Billitteri; GIORNALE DI
SICILIA, 11 Jul 8(i) 64
Giovann i Fio re He ro in , We apons Arres t in Mi lan
(GIORNAI.E DI SICILIA, 12 Jul 80) 67
~ Palermo International Drug Traffick~ng Ring Investigations
~ (GTORNALE DI SICILIA, 12 Jul 80) 69
~
~ ~
Interpol Drug Trafficking Arrests in Palermo
(~L GIOF.~VALE DI SICILIA, 26 Jul 80) 71
Palermo Antidrug Operation Arrests
(Franco Nicastro; GIO~TALE DI SICILIA, 29 Jul 80) 72
SWE DEN
Authorities Expect Increase in Heroin From Middle East
(Leif Dahlin; DAGENS NYflE TER, 13 Aug 80) 74
Police Seize 80 Kilograms of Hashish Destined for Denmark
(Leif Dahlin; DAGENo NYHETER, 13 Aug 80) 76
Briefs
Illegal Valium Prescriptions 77
Phones May be Disconnected 77
Four Charged in Smuggling 78 _
Sentenced for Cannabis Traffic 78
TURKEY
Opiu.m Production, Use, Abuse Reviewed
(HURRIYET 8. GUN, 3 Aug 80) 79
Heroin Seized, Z~rks Arrested in Belgiimm
(MILLIYET, 28 Agu 80) 8i
UNITED KINGDOM
Briefs
Narcotics Discovered gg
.
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AUSTRALIA
IEFS
HEROIN SWALLOWER CONVICTED--A 27-year-old man alleged by federal narco- _
tics agents to have tried to swallow a quantity of heroin during a
struggle with them was gaoled for three months yesterday. Judge Heenan
in the Supreme Court sentenced the man to two concurrent terms of three
months for resisting the narcotics officer in the execution of his duty
and for destroying a quantity of heroin to prevent proof of an offence.
Kim Anthony Hunter, bricklayer, of Barnes Street, Innaloo, was arrested
at his house on June 6 last pear by narcotics officers who said they were
a;.ting on information that he possessed heroin. Judge Heenan said he
felt that the proper gaol ter.m to set for each offence was nine months.
But he took into account the fact that Hunter had spent five months in
prison last year while on remand for charges, of which he was later
acquitted. The judge said that Hunter nad pceviously been convicted of
several offences, including posaession of heroin. "Considering the prompt
and efficient way he disposed of the evidence and his lack of remorse, I
f ind neither probation nor a community-service work order appropriate,"
the ~udge said. Hunter faced six charges at his trial this month. The
jury acquitted him on a charge of assaulting a narcotics agent and on
three charges of destroying heroin to~prevent seizure or pro~f of an
offence. [Text] [Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 31 Jul 80 p 23]
TWO OFFENDERS JAILED--A man who had admitted to falsely claiming that the
drug squad planted drugs on him was gaoled for three years with an
18-month minimum yesterday. De~mond John Tate (26), of Spencer Road,
Thornlie, had pleaded guilty to possession of cannabis resin with intent
to sell or suppl}, In the same court, a 25-year-old freelance photographer
was gaoled for six years with a three-year minimum, for possession with
intent to sell or supply heroin and cannabis resin. Mr Commissioner
Pidgeon said that the combined street value of the resin and the heroin
was $1650. Federick Ferdinand Meinhart, of Malcolm Street North Beach,
was gaoled for six years for the heroin offences and 3-1/2 yea�rs concur-
rent for the cannabis offence. Meinhart had pleaded guilty Co the charges
which arose out of a drug squad search of his premises on January 10 this
year. [Text] [Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 2 Aug 80 p 26]
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HEROIN Bi~ST--Australian federal police say they have broken a major inter-
national heroin sr.~uggling operation. A spokesman in Canberra said the
federal police have been shadowing the operation in the Philippines and
Thailand for 9 weeks. He said the operaticn involves the smuggling of
high gradE heroin from Bangkok to Melbourne by way of Manila. It was
_ intended to distribute the drugs in massage parlors throughout Melbourne.
Federal pulice in the Victorian capita~ are questioning at least six
people after dawn raids on several Melbourne suburbs. One man has
appeared in court in Melbourne charged with conspiracy to import he.toin.
The court was told that he conspired with a man and a woman who are
currently awaiting trial in Thailand on drug trafficking charges. Police
say th ey expect to lay charges against several other people in connection -
with the smuggling operation. [Text] [QW04U339 Melbourne Overseas Service
in Engllsh 1130 GMT 3 Sep 80]
DRUG DEALERS SENTENCED--In the Brisbane Supreme Court a man alleged to
have been the main per~c,n behind three attempts to z*iport heroin into
Australia from Malaysia has been sentenced to 9 years imprisonment.
Two other men, alleged to have been employed as drug couriers, were
sentenced to 5 years in jail. [OW050155 Melbourne Qverseas Service
in English 1130 GMT 4 Sep 80]
CSO: 5300
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BURMA
BRIEFS
SEIZURE OF HEROIN--Acting on information, Inspector of Police U Ye Myint
of Taunggyi's Shan State Narcotic Drugs Suppression Squad and his team
raided Nam Sin hotel, No 16 Market Ward, Taunggyi, on 4 August and seized
14 small packages of heroin worth 10 kyat each. The 39-year-old owner of
the heroin, Ohn Ngwe, was arrested and action has been talcen against him
under Sections 6.B and 10.A of tr:e Narcotic Drugs Law. [Rangoon MYANMA
ALIN in Burmese 12 Aug 80 p 6 BK]
ARREST OF HEROIN INJECTORS--Acting on information, SubinspPCtor U Myo Myint
of Mergui Myoma Police Station and a team of policemen, accompanied by
ward people's councillors, searched the house of Daw Shal~i on Palai Road, -
Kankaung ward, on 8 August. Heroin in3ector Maung Amin was arrested along
- with a syringe ~ontaining heroin solution. Action was taken againsC him
under Section 6.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law. On 6 August, Subinspector
, U Myo Myint and his zeam searched a Buddhist monastery at Market Ward and
arrested Artt?ur of Nauk-le ward and Kala-mai of Seik-nge ward along with
two small packages of heroin, a water cup and a spoon. Charges have been
f iled against them under Sections 6.B and 14.D of the Narcotic Drugs Law.
[Rangoon LOKTHA PYEITHU NEZIN in Burmese 14 August 80 p 5 BK]
- JAIL FOR HEROIN INJECTORS--The Pabedan township court had on 13 August -
sentenced 28-year-old Myo Min of No 16 52nd Street, Botataung township,
to 5 years imprisonment with l.abor as he was found guilty under Section
6.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law. Myo Min was arrested along with a syringe
containing heroin solution by Pabedan police on 4 September 1975.
[Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 14 August 80 p 7 BK]
SEIZURE OF OPIUM--Railway police Corporal Wan Sein and Lance Corporal Ye
_ Myint searched at the Rangoon railway station 3 passengers--25-year-old
- Soe Paing, 27-year-old Maung Win and 25-year-old Khin Maung San of
~ Hinthagon village, Mada3~a township, Mandalay Division--who were leaving
for Moulmein, at 1040 on 14 August and seized 5 viss of raw opium [1 viss
equals 3.6 lbs] worth over 10,000 kyat. Action was taken against Chem
under Sections 10.B and 6.B of the Narcotic Drugs Law. Acting on their
testimony, the railway police team raided the house of Daw Win Kyi at
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Nc 86 Maha Bandoola road and seized 8 opium balls, weighing about 1 viss
each. Daw Win Kyi was arrested under Sections 6.B and 10.B of the Narco-
tic Drugs Law. [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 15 August 1980 ? 8 BK]
HEROIN SEIZURE--Acting on information, Subinspector U Thein A~ing of Bahan
township people's police force and his team raided the cigar shop at
Shwegondaing bus stop on Komin-Kochin road at about 1700 on 20 August
and seized from the shop owner---53-year-old Daw Khway Ma of Wingaba Yele
road, Western Ngadatkyi ward, Bahan township--a package of heroin worth
50 kyat and a cash of 83.20 kyat which are the proceeds from the sale of
heroin. Action was taken under Sections 6.B. and 10.B [of the Narcotic
D~ugs Law]. [Text] [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 21 Aug 80 p 7 BK]
~ HEROIN SEIZURE IN 3 TOWNSHIPS--Rargoon, 5 August--Station officer U Aye
of the Crimes Prevention Squad of the Rangoon Division people's police
force and his team, acting on information, arrested 10 persons along witti
some heroin packages between 23 and 29 July. Action was taken against
them under Sections 6.B, 10.B, 11 and 14.D of the Narcotic Drugs Law. In
Pabedan township, 28-year-old Ahmin alias Maung Maung of the 30th Street
was arrested along with a package of heroin worth 50 kyats, and in Thaketa
township, 25-year-old Kyaw Thura was arrested along with 2 packages of
heroin worth 60 kyats each and Thant Zin, Myo Aung,�Mo Aung, Maung Naing
Win, Maung Myin:: Kyi and 18-year-old Maung Than Win arrested along with
~ 14 packages of heroin worth FO kyat each and another package of heroin
worth 125 kyat. Similarly, in Insein townsh~n, 23-year-old Maung Way
Lwin was caught along with a package of heroin worth 50 kyat and Ma Aye -
Aye alias Ma Ohn Kyi was ar,.regted along with 9 packages of heroin worth
50 kyat each. [Rar.goon BOTATAtTNG in Burmese 6 Aug 80 p 7)
CSO: 5300
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NEW ZEAI,~ND
OFFICIAL Wti,RNS OF GROWING DRUG PROBLEM IN COUNTRY
Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 1 Aug 80 p 3
/Text7 New Zealand~ map end lettera b
the editor of the
up wtth a drug� prnblem Herald. � '
Ilke that of the United Detective Serge~ot Carr
States If lt does not take hae npiled, saying he br
poeitive preventive stepa Ileves the ~owing ot
says tbe head ot the cannabia hu lncnased
polke drug sqnad in and mat~~ people are llw
NortWaad. Ing fro~a the proceede ot
DetecHve Sergeant J. R. We harrest oi the drag.
Carr made the claim in l~[a~ o[ the:n ~rea~i io
answer to criticism of hia NortWaad specltkaUy to
earlter comments oa the grow cannabi~. be said.
qneetion of increasing and o[tea they choae iso-
cannabls cnlNvation in Iated areas. -
the north. Delect~ve Sergeaot Carr
He said last month t6at sald rblence had in-
Northland~ waa one. oi the creased in the ana. with _
most popular ueaa for a~ ~~al crope
cannabis cpltivaHon, and "rlp~oEt" der+ls.
which he describtd se "Tt we ~s a socIetq do
"the greates't cartot being not take posiHve pnven-
dangled before yoang tive ~teps b cuetail tf~e
eannabis uae and abnse."
~ie , advised farmers: 6e sai~. ~~we coald end up
��If you do .not know ths with a drn socW b~ �
people wiio want to rent B ~
an old hou'e on yoar prop~ km: almilar to that ln the
erty, or their way ot llfe. United Statea."
kick them ont and don'= H~ eald he hoped b9e
give the~ aqy op~por� eomments woald help to
tuuitp." prevent thia irom hap~
The remarks were crfti� ~�~IIg~ -
cised. particnlarly in
CSO: 5320
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~EW ZEAL~~ID
BILL PROPOSES ASSETS CONF:[SCATION IN DFcL'.~, OFFEi1SE5
Prosecution Time Limit Extended
Wellington THE EVENING POST in En.glish 7 Aug 80 p 9
LText7 Vehicles, yachts or any other assets used to commit drug offences
are to be confiscated by the Government under a Bill introduced into Par-
liament last night.
The Misuse of Drugs Guvernment's caucus com- nothing to catch ttse Mr Bigs
Amendment Bill will also al- mittee on the misuse of of the drug world.
low proceedings to be drugs, Horowhenua hIP 1~ir F~orirua Labour MP Dr
brought against a person at Geoff Thompson, told the Gerard WaU said that the
any tIme after the offence ; House. ,drug trade was so lucrative
has been committed. ' The man had used a spe- that the lo~s of a vehicle was
. Previously, proceedings cially converted Range-Rov- a minor thing. Far more im-
for an offence agamst the er but this could not be con- portant was the loss ot liber-
~ 1975 Misuse of Drugs Act fiscated irom him. ty, he said.
~ had to be laid within four ~�We will' never solve this
~ years of the offence having "It has been found that in problem until we're pre-
been committed. prosecutions of serious drug pared to lock up the users. to
This latter provision, Jus� otfences these sorts of re- diminish the market and ex-
; tice Minister Mr Jim McLay strictfons have been found to ose the dealers." he said.
totd Parliament, would be most unsuitable," Mr p The political problem ~
enable a person who had Thompson said.
, served a loag jall term over- Also inappropriate and was that then all sorts of
seas on drug charges to be therefore removed was the people from nice families
~ brought back to New Zea= time limit for prosecutions w~ll need to be locked up
~ land at the end of the sen- ~n offences Involving con- Enr a period of at least two
; tence to be dealt with. trolled drugs, cultivation of years whe~ a they can't get
Under the Bill, articles prohlbited plants and the drugs.
; used in the commission of an giding of offences against
� ; offence against the Act n.�+st the corresponding law of an-
� be forfeited to the Crown, a~- other country.
' though proceeds from the The legislation had been
~ sale of such a vehicle may be foreshadowed in the last,
; allowed to pay an ~ffender's 1979, report of his commit-
fines. . tee, the MP said.
The provision foilowed a
case last year w6ere a man Supporting the Bill's in-
was convicted from dealing troduction, the Oppositlon
. in hashlsh on South Island ski neveretheless slammed it as
slopes, the chairman of the a measure that would do
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Opposition M.P. Reservations
Auckland THE NEW ?.EALA~ID HERALD in English 7 Aug 80 p 1
/Report by HERALD's Wellington Bureau7
_
/Text/ Cars, planes and ships used in drug offences can be f orfeited under
legislation introduced by the Government last night against Opposition com-
plaints of lac:c of consultation.
~ The amendment to the for a prosecut;on to be
il~iisuse of Drugs Act, 1975,I made. had resulted in the
put forward last night, also, amendment.
I aElows for the lifting of the The description oE
four-year time harrier) "article" the appeal Court
j against prosecutions for drugi found, did not apply to a
~offences. vehicle but raCher to '�the
There wzll be no time limiC' old opium pot and pipe."
under the amendment on Small Time
, prosecution of offences re- ; In the case of a yaclit
; lated to dealing with con- I used by an offender. the
trolled drugs, cultivation of ; Crown could not gain for~
- i~rohibited plants, and aid- ~ feiture of the vessel. �
iing offences against the cor- ' But Dr G. A. Wall (0 n
;responding law oE another ! porirua) said that wh~ile
icountry. ~the ability to take awa~
; Protested ~ ~ehicles from criminals was
j According to the Govern- effective if the offenders
ment iVIP for Horowhenua�. ~~vere "small time," the real
i Mr G. W. F. Thompson, ~ problem was that `'this evi!
~ there had been .ec~idence tha~ , trade is so lucrative that the
~f the existing legistation nad i loss of a vehicle is a minor
not included a time limit, ~ t~g."
~"Johnstoae l Christopher I~d Mr ft. W. Prebble
~4lartin Johnstone) could. (Oppn - Auckland Central)
I have been pursued in res- ~ questior.zd ~vhether there was
i pect of other crimes." ; anything in the bill "that
While Opposition 14Ps r would � have enabled the
; protested against the way . National Government acimin-
~ the legislation ' was intra; ~ istratfon to catch Terry Sin-
~dviced from the caucus of t11e 'clair for exampte."
vationai Party rather than a Where in the bill, he asked,
~ bipartisan committee, they ~ was there a measure that
~indicated their support for ~would have enabled the cap-
~ the measures. ture of "any of the Mr Bigs
' The amendment bill was of the drugs world." : -
referred to ParliamenCs Introdnciag the legislation,
statutes revision commit- the i4linister of Justice. Mr
tee. NlcLay, said that forfeiture
1Ir Thompson told the of vehicles used in a serious
House two small failin~s in dru8 offence vould be man-
existing legis;ation found datory unless special circum-
last y ear, relatm~ to the stances showed . it to be un-
description of articles and just. There was pror�ision
the length of time allowed that no innocent person suf-
fered a loss.
CSO: 5320
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?
NEW ZEr1Lr1iVD
~
:~Q �
CANNABIS OFFENSE FIGURES IN WELLINGTON UP SHARPLY
Wellington THE EVEDTING POST in English 19 Aug 80 p 34
/Excerpt/ Cannabis offence figures for Wellington are skyrocketing, and
police believe the reason is their own greater awareness of the drug prob-
lem.
Crime figures for the policeman on wnat cannabis
We1lington Police Dis- l~oks tike, and so on. '~The
trict, released today, result is that a greater
show lice smoked out number of people are being
P~ apprehended by the uni-
649 cannabis offences in for�,~d staff," he said.
the first siut months of Drug arrests used to be
this year - an increase of the sole domain of the CIB
more than 100pe rcent oa. drug squad. This is no longer
the figure for t6e first sis the case.
months of 1979, which ."Because our tront-line
~ was 319. . staff know what the stuff
The de ut district com- like and what its ef-
p y fects are, a greater number
mander (Chief Super� of people are being Eound�
intendent Stu McEwen) puts with the drug, in hotels, on
the big increase down to the the street, at parties and
increased number of po- even at domestic disputes
licemen involved in tracking we are called W," he said,
down drug offences,and to In the past a drunk might
the increased use of can- have been brought in to the
nabis in the community. ' station and no notice would
"Obviously more people be taken of cigarettes in his
are smoking cannabis now pockets. Now notice was
thaa were s'moking it 10 being taken.
years ago,' he said. The drug squad's role had
"Accordin y, we'have a become to Eind the im-
lot more sta f employed in
the drug field. pocters, distributors and fi-
"Our emphasis in the past nancial backers of cannabis
t6ree years has been on and other drug supply.
educating each and every
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;IEW ZEdLt1ND
AUCT~IAND HARBOR CARGO CHECKS FOR DRUGS TIGHTENED
Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 6 Aug 80 p 16
/Text7 Ships"?~ maat['e3ts~ ~~arar vehides entering a~f~leavinBJ
being serodntaed to check the~ w~harves, puticulazlFl _
oa , begas~_ importers rnho those which take goods Prom
may.~ti~ receivia~ drpgs or more than one whsrf on one '
, other smdggled cargoes. I _
trtp..
The mav~e is~ one of a mtm- p~ measures will be
ber of ineas~ues introducea ~en to ensure that oaly
by the Auckland Harbour p~ple eatitled to da so enter ~
Board to stop contraband the waterfront.
beiag laaded in shipa' car- The mmes resutted from
two insTances ot cargo dis-
The board's commercial appeari ag from waterfront
section has begun chec~ng cargo sheds after bei~ un-
manifests before the arrival loaded lrota s6igs trading to
of ships,to trq to identify fic- South-east Asia.
titious ar suspect consigneea. It is thought the missing
Precaut:onary measures crates might have contained
have beea taken at selected,drugs, The cargo was con-I
wharves including eatra;sigae~i to an importer wtw isi
security supervision rouad no ?oager in business. ~
the clock wniie ships are in~ A s p e c i a 1 meeting,~
Port� arranged by the board's gen-�
Careful inspection _ wilI be eral manager, Mr R. T. Lori-~
made of isolated suspect con- mer, with the police and~
signments of cargo and Customs officials, resulted in~
cheeks w~11 be m~ade, otlthe present measures..
CSO: 5320
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~W ZEALAND
DETECTIVES TO TEACH AT REGIONAL NARCOTICS COURSE
Auckland THE NEW 2EALAND HERALD in English 26 Jul 80 p 4
/Text7 Three New Zealand de- ~ "It is a compliment to Newl
tectives will teach drug en- Zealand that they think we~
; Eorcement techniques to , are good enougli to send~
poHce and cnscoms officers ' someone to such a regional;
- in Soath�east Asia and ttte course," he said.
South Pacific. Mr Galbraith said that De-' _
Detective Sergeant R. F.: tective Sergeant Cooper
would spend several days in _
iCooper, of the Auckland drug~ S~gapore studyin8 drug m-~
squad, wili attend a United I ;~a&atioa methods ~efore;
~Nations narcotics division. ~ returned home. ;
icaurse in Malaysia neat; a resu~t of a New Zea-t
~month as an instr~zctor. l~d ~ernraent offer oEl
Detective Inspector P. Fitz-, assistance, the two detec-I
harris, co-ordinator of the, tives visitin~ the Sout6!
National Drug Intelligence~ pacific countnes would give
~ Bureau. and Detective Ser-~ basic instruction on ways to
geant P. B. Marshall, also a+ �
member of the Auckland' ' combat drug traffickiug.
"We thlnk it will be of mu
!drug squad, will visit West-i tual benefit to them and to
ern Samoa, Tottga and Ff ji't �
, us, Mr Galbraith said.
~De~~e
rChief Iaspector '"There ha~ve been druBs
W. A. R. Galbraith, thel �~~o~~~to New Zealand via
director of drug enforcement. ~the Is nds. The Islands are
and iatelligence, said the 11-~ ~ ripe for dealers ~eca~use they
day course in Malaysia was~ ~~gSfairly unpolluted by
; the first of its type to be at-� ~
tended by a New Zealand
pollce officer. .
CSO: 5320
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NEW ZEAI,Ai~(D
TWO SENTENCED FOR LARGEST CANNABIS OIL IMPORTATION
Wellington THE EVEIVING POST in English 8 Aug 80 p 1
/Text7 Two men were sen- ~ cannabis which had been tu hold several kilograms,
tenCed in ths High Court brought through Wellington although the exact amount
today for drng offeaces Airport, arid delivered it, for was not known.
which in~~olved more can- which he received i4000. The second importation
nabis oil .than the Wtal But he was only a small was frustrated by customs
amoun.t ever before Part of the alleged con- officials in India. The
se~zed in New Zealand ia spiracy, Mr b:llington said. amount involved there was
For Poysden, Mr ~Iike much greater - payments
any one year. Reed said today many peo- made to Argyle and another
Nigel Stephen Poysden, ple saw a big difference be- person indicated it was very
25, company director, and tween using cannabis and valuable.
David Ncel Arg,yle, 24, me- other drugs. They were iRVOlved in a
' chanic, had earlier been He did not wish to sug- carefully planned and or-
feund guilty of importing 8~t he condoned it, but ganised scheme to import
cannabis extract and con- Poysden's views about can- cannabis oil with the help of
spiring to import cannabis nabis liberalisation were a corrupt Air New Zealaud
eztract. those of many young people employee. Obviously others
woridwide. oucside New Zealand, and
At that trial a third ac- He was part of a young perhaps here also, were in-
cused, Ross Martin Beanie, g r o u p o f W a i n u i o m a t a volved, his Fionour said. -
24, photographer; was ec- schooi friends who had The Courts had made it
quitted. foolishly and tragically en- clear t6at in that class of of-
Today, Mr Justice Savage tered a scheme to import fence personal tactors took
sentenced Argyle to three cannabis. second place to the detecrent
years' imprisonment on each For the Crnwn, Mr Jim aspects of punishment.
charge and Poysden to four� ~~n said cannabis oil was Argyle wonld get a le~.ser
and-a�half-years on each a potent drug.with up to 60 sentence ~cause, although
charge. percent active ingredient. he was an importanE link in
For Argyle, Mr John Bill- The maximum total the scheme, his part was less
ington said there were sug- seized in any one year in this and he did not have previous
gestions that he was part of country was 1.3kg. Greater convictions.
a greater conspiracy, a crim- amounts than that were in- But Poysden had two mi-
inal syndicate involving her- volved in both the first and nar (in terms of the present
oin and "Mr Bigs." second charges on whicti the charges) convictions for ean-
But his probation report two aCcused had been con- nabis otfences. Although not
and testimonials showed that victed. the mastermind of a major
was not true. ~ Sentencing the pair, his scheme, he played a con-
Evidence from the prose- Honour said the first char~e, siderable part in a h;ghly or-
cution was that Argyle re� relating to July 1978, in- ganised plan in~~olving large
ceived the first . parcel uf volved a paccel big enough amounts his Honour said.
CSO: 5320
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NEW ZEAI.AND
STOLEN MORPHINE SUPPLIER GETS 3 YEARS' IMPRISONMENT
Welliizgton ~iE EVENING POST in English 1 Aug 80 p 1
[Text] Zhe death of a person who used morphine stolen frcm a chemist shop
showed the dreadful consequences of drug supply and abuse, Mr Justice
Hardie Boys said in the High Court today. -
Because of those consequences, those who peddled drugs could expect to be
dealt with severely, his Honour said.
His remarks, were made in sentencing Michael Lee Algar, 22, forklift
driver, to three years' imprisonment on a charge of possession of morphine
for supply.
Algar was also sentenced to two years' imprisonment for burglary of a pharmacy
and three months' imprisonment for possession of cannabis for supply. '
Theft
His Honour said Algar broke into a chemist shop and stole $870 and a drug
safe. He hid the safe in bushes on Mt Victoria.
The safe contained prescription poisons including morphine which Algar
decided to sell, his Honour said.
He put the morphine in sachets for which $1~0 was charged and he was found '
- with over $1100 in his possession. Qne of those dow-n the chain who used it
died, his Honour said.
Statement
A1gar's awn statement to police, part of which was read out by his coimsel
(Mr J D Howman) countered his claim that he intended to steal money only,
his Honour said.
Mr Jim Lars~en prosecuted for the Crown.
Zhe $1160 found in Algar's was ordered forfeited to the Crown.
CSO : 5 320 -
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NEW ZEALA.ND
BRIEFS
HEROIN SUPPLY SENTENCE--Wayne Roger Eggers, 24, an unemployed butcher, who
- had pleaded guilty in the District Court to charges of supplying heroin
and having heroin for supply, was jailed for two years by Mr Justice Cook
in the High Court yesterday. Eggers was described by his counsel as a
"small fish" in the extensive heioin distribution network in Christchurch
which was broken up by an extensive police operation earlier this year.
Eggers admitted that two sachets of heroin which he had picked up at a
car park from Boyd Napier Roberts han been purchased from Kevin Gerard
Hathaway for $200 each. /Christchurch THE PRESS in English 25 Jul 80
p 77 Boyd Napier Roberts, aged 26, a custa~ns agent, who admitted two ~
charges of supplying heroin to Wayne Roger Eggers on April 29 and May 1,
was committed to the High Court for sentence by Judge Bisphan in the Dis-
trict Court yesterday. %Christchurch THE PRESS in English 9 Aug 80 p 47
LSD SUPPLY SENTENCES--In the High Court yesterday, Mr Justice Cook sen-
tenced Brian John Cassin, 24, a self-employed company manager, to 6 years' `
imprisonment, fined him $1,500 and ordered him to forfeit $4,600, the pro-
ceeds of drug dealing, on two cha.rges of supplying LSp. LChristchurch
THE PRESS in English 9 Aug 80 p 57 A prison term of 22 years was imposed
in the High Court yesterday on Neil Christopher Parkin, 27, a yard hand,
who had been found guilty by a jury last week on a charge of supplying
100 LSD tablets to an undercover policema.n on March 17. LChristchurch
THE PRESS in English 15 Aug 80 p S7
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1'AKI:S'1'AN
BRIEFS
CHARAS, OPIUM SEIZED--Gujranwala, Aug 17: Police seized 20 kilos of cha-
ras and 2 0 kilos of opium here today. However, the accused made good
their es cape. A police party from Sadar was going to Mokhal Sandhwan in
connection with an investigation of a case when the four accused carrying
bundles on their heads saw them. As soon as the police veh3cle stopped
and near them, they threw the bundles down and took to their heels.--APP.
[as publ ished] [Text] [Karachi DAWN in English 18 Aug 80 p 9J
CSO: 5300
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PHILIPPINES
MARIHUANA PLANTERS SURRENDER, TAKE c~1rIIJESTY
Manila PHILIPPINES DAILY EXPFL~SS in English 25 Aug 80 p 9
[Article by Oswald N. Alvaro]
[ Te:ct ]
TUBA, Benguet~ gestures of' the former continued public Vicente; Pul.oy Vicente
Thhteen marijuana marijuana planters. vigilance in monitoring and Lucio Pisda.
planters in Buang~y ~ prolubited plants.
, * # They turned over to
Twin P~eaks~ Tut,a, military and civilian
wluntarily surrendered THE SURRENDER HE ~lLSO called for a u t h o r i t i e s a n
Friday to take advantage was the first flf its ldnd stricter surve~lance uf ,~determined number of -
of tha ~ conditional ia the eonntcy ahich 1~ unscrupulous people newly uproote3 and
amnesty offered by expected by military ~6aSed in ~atil~ana ' full-grown marijuana
military authorities, authoritia+ to inlt~ate a production.
The surrender was r,a~onwide rroiuntsry ltvin peaks barangay p~~s, several cartons of
initlated by the Benguet surrenders of other captain Andres I.egllgen processed marijuana
proviucial government marijuana planteis. p r e s e n t o d t h e leaves, trsnsplantable
headed by Gov. &n It took a joint surrendereei to th~ joirrt ~�~sand :~eeds.
Palispi+ in its efforts to military and civ~ian . military ;~nd civ~ian During ~ the ceremony,
curtail marijuana off3cials about a momh authodtiea. Felix raid tha mariJuana
planting arrong innocent to negotiate for the The surrenderees were I~blem is '~rithin
farmers 1n the provInce, voluntary aunender of klentitied aa Sohnny m~~bie 'level."
On hand. to welcome che marijaana planten. Daguioen, Primo Uligan, � ye sald that in 33
the surrenderees was G e n e r a 1 F e l~i x Lsio Aronga Jr,, Omoy
Brig. Gen Biem?enido commended ofticial~ in Q.~idsolan, p~~ Provinces throughout the
Felix, commanding &nguet for initisting Dictaran, Adonls �OUntrywherethereused
g e n e r a 1 o f t he such c~mpaign agai~st Aauman, Juan M~guel~ to be upsutge ~
marijuana planting, some
C o n s t a b u 1 a: y marijuans plar?ters. Serafino Queloan, 311,000 p(ants and
Anti-Naroodcs Unit He appealed to bcal Fernand~z Wagsi, g e e d] i n g s w e re
(CANL~ wh4 lauded the o~f3cials aad residents for Femando Felix, Rigo, ~~.~tad and uprooted
by military authorities.
CSO: 5300
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YUGOSLAVIA ,
BRIEFS
DRUG PEDDLER SENTENCED--The Belgrade District Court on 6 August sentenced Misa
Cokin, a student of hist4ry of the a~ts from Belgrade, age 28 y~ears, to a
prison term of 2 and 1/2 hears. He was charged with unauthorized production
and distribution of�narcotics. According to the court, in April this year
Cokin sold raw opium to several drug addicts in the apartment of one of his
acquaintances and also sold raw opium oan several other occasions. At the
same time th e court sentenced Bil,~ana Pakasi, a student of archeology from
Belgrade, to a 1-year prison term beca~ise she had put her apartment at the
disposal of drug addicts for the purpose of drug use. [Zagreb VJESNIK in
Serbo-Croatian 7 Aug 80 p 14 AU]
CSO: 5300
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BOLIVIA
COMMEENTARY ON DRUG TRAFFICKING, INTERNATIONAL DISCREDIT
La Paz PRESENCIA in Spanish 1 Aug 80 p 3
[Editorial: "Moralization"]
[Text] Two simultaneous reports are indicative of the government's concern
about the problem of corruption in public administration. Bo th the
president of the republic, in his latest message to the people, and the
Ministry of the Interior have declared their intent to take strong measures
against the problem.
There is no need to stress the necessity for such action. In the final
analysis, the people are the ones most harmed if they do not have good
public services. As for the government, it might draw up the best plans
in the world, but they will not produce the expected results if there
is no intellectually effective and morally trustworthy public administra-
tion to carry them out.
Naturally, there is no need to make the mistake of blaming everyone.
Many officials--certainly the ma~ority--do their duty properly; but there
are others wtio make everyone's job more difficult. Administration is
a chain that is only as strong as ita weakest link; sometime s if one
fails, the others cannot do the job as they are expected. -
It is not easy to correct this. We must rectify errors which are wide-
spread and which, in some cases, have become almost a tradit ion.
We can give three cases as examples: administrative proceedings, smuggl ing,
and the manufacture and traffic of cocaine.
In the case of administrative proceedings, it should be required as it
already~ has been in several divisions, that they be done automatically
and within set periods of time. Measures of this sort serve to eliminate
many dangers of official corruption and will be a relief for those who
have to deal with administrative bodies.
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With regard to smuggling, it is undoubtedly a very old and widespread
- problem. The harm it does has been expounded upon innumerable times:
the national treasury is harmed, because it does not receive taxes;
_ industry is harmed, because the protection given it is useless; legally
established business is harmed, because it must face unfair competition;
workers and employees are in danger of losing their source of employment.
Inevitably there is corruption of officials in large-scale smuggling,
which comes in by the usual means of transport and might go unnoticed
occasionally, but not as frequently as it happens. In this area there
is another problem that must be considered carefully: Bolivia's balance
of payments has been negative for many years, and it can only be balanced
through growing indebtedness, which merely delays, but also worsens
the crisis we are in; under the circumstances, the situation is aggravated
by the outflow of probably $100 million a year in illicit imports.
The othe.r matter is the manufacture and traffic of cocaine, which has
brought us international discredit and even accusations bordering on
unfair generalizations. The fight against the manufacture and traffic
of drugs is difficult all over the world, we all know that. In Bolivia
the greatest problem is that the raw material is readily and cheaply
available, compared to the price of the refined drug. So we must strengthen
the control mechanisms beginning at the bottom, the raw material, in
order to avoid the final damage. Otherwise the best officials will, as
they have in the past, achieve only partial success in the face of the
great resources the traffickers have.
Everything that can be done to fight these problems and others like them
deserves full support.
8587
CSO: 5300
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~oLZVZ4
WRI'I'ER CHARGES BOLI.V.IAN ARMY 'MOST CORRUPT' IN AMERICAS
Mexico City EL DIA in Spani.sh 20 Jul 80 p 11
[Article by Gregorio Selser]
[TextJ Just glancing for a few minutes at a map of South America, one ca.n
understand why there are such close ties between Bolivie.n a.nd Colombia.n
traffickers in cocaine base and how the connection between the "cocadollar"
mra..f'ias oF both countries continues unchecked and permits the most important
drug traffic in the Western hemi~~here . r
, , ~
Between the Bolivian reaion of Los Yungas, Renerally called "El Bzni," and
the part which continues northward toward the Colombian Amazon region, "El
Pando," there is no geographical barrier worthy of inention to prevent planes
- and light aircraft f~om crisscrossing the skies in both directions. There
is nothing but some hilly areas of little importa.nce and thick ~ungle.
Between the northern region of Bolivia and the southern part of Colombia lie
the territory of Acre (snatched from Bolivia by Brazil without the "glori-
ous" armed forces of the A].tipla.no lifting a fin.ger in its defense) and tne
Brazilian and Peruvia.n Amazon regions . A little further to the east and
north is the Venezuela.n Amazon region .
From Chewing Coca to Manufacturing Cocaine Base
It is cleax that not a,11 those millions of hectares are devoted to the
cultivation of coca, in spite of the fact that it has been used since long
before the Conquest by the natives of the territories which today make up
Bolivia, Peru and Ecua.dor. The coca leaves, always chewed, farm a ball in _
the mouth, a ball which, among other things , anesthetizes the walls of the
stomach and calms the age-old hunger pa.ngs .
Chewing coca has always been a custom among the Indians, and only on
special occasions and for the sake of "snobbery" di d it become a habit of
the mixed or white bourgeois. Coca does not grow on the Altiplano, but in
the Andean foothills which descend taward the forests facing the Atla.ntic.
From those foothiL.s, it was brought to the users on the Alti~la.no and sold
for money. The children chew coca almost from the time thev are weaned.
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No one ev~~ thou~3ht or prcven ;~.iig ox� cc~rit;rcl~~n~ t'r:e cl.;1Z:.vation and
consumpti~n ol coca.. And even :Less ~o ~in~_~ the ~rosrers were tau~,ht , a fe~,*
years ago du_ring t:ie administrati~n of Gen :-~u~o t~anzEZ~, to convert the
leaves into "pe.ste," t'tla.t ie, into a concentraieu b~e, easy to hide a.nd oi _
_ imm~nse vrzlue. Cocaine base i, ~CquiY�ed t1lr.ough intermediaries located for
the most part in the depr3rtment oi S~.nta Cz�uz de lfl. Sierra, whicn, a.mong ~
its other advantages , is locateci reldtively close to Paraguay. The Santa
Crux mafi~ contrc~ls the cocaine base, whi.ch goes to Argentina and Brazil
through Paragua,y , out its biggest busin~ss is wit~ the United States, with
a stop in Colc~:::bia.
Hundreds of' impro~~ised air.strips ,~~*hose location is as chan~eable as the
caprices oi the } ivzxs and ,jun~les w�hich soon SFi9.1.lOW up the telltale sigizs,
serve the speed~r ligrt p:~anes ~;h~ ch i~x�arsport tne btLSe to Colombia and some-
times return with re~rigex�ators, tele~risi~n sets, ci~arettes or whiskey, a,ll
contraband. Occasionally plar:es are loGt in the in7men~e ,jungles. ~i'hat is
noi very important, although it causeG some irritation. And the f~.ct is
that when a shipmen~t does arrive at its destina~tior., the benefits compensate
~ for that and other l~sses.
Drugs and Smugglir.g
Sometimes i~: a.1.so happens th~,t insAectors oz~ police a~ents who h~ve not .
been corrupted bv the mafia are extremely disciplined a.nd honest and proceed
to con~�iscate the "mercha*~dise," Just as in the IIOVl~S, a.nd with the same
alacrity, commandos from the various armed forces appear, who on v2.rious
prete.xts or without ~.ny such, seize the confisc~,ted ~erchanclise and silently
return it to its logical and origina.l route . Frer uently, news reports
ci rculate in Bolivia regarding confrontations be~.~~reen customs police and
milita~.~^,~ groups . Such r~ports are sca.rcely meni;i.oned in the local press,
which volunt~ers only the basic inform~.tion i:hat it was a small battle over
the seizure of cocaine base.
It was no accident that on 19 June the following text ("Boli~ria and
Colombia Must Not Reduce Their Antidru~ Campaigns," PRESr~NCIA, La Pwz, p 12)
appea.red in thE mos ; important newspaper in Bolivia:
"'I'he International Commission for the Ca.mpai~n A~ainst Narcotics naintains
that Boliva.a and Colombia must not reduc~ their campai~ns against narcoti.es . ~
Colombia ini~tiall,y ha,d put 12,000 naen into the fi~t against this illicit
business and traffic and now expects to replace that force with 6,000 police
a~ents , a move which will ;~eaken its capacity in the antidr.ug campaign .
"In Boli~ria's case, the repor~t notes that if' the ~~rar a$ainst narcotics is
reduced, this will ~ive an easy victor.y to the tra.~�fickers, who even a-t
this v~ery moment a.re trareatening the well being of the nation. It adds :
'In Bol.ivia, where tnis problem exists, the rulers must realize that follow-
ing the Colnmbian example would be a fatal error.'
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Colombian Situation
"It adds that in Mexico, military units as well as police, in their cam-
paign against drugs, have destroypd more than 69,000 acres (nearly 28,000
hectares) of opium and marihuana since 1976, a fact which has reduced
production by traffickers b.y 90 percent. It adds that, encouraged by th~.s
success, Mexican officials have decided to continue the fight until that
illegal trade is destroyed.
"The report maintains that similar crusades in Burma, Thailand and in the
famous 'i~rench connection,' where its suppression was successful, clearly
demonstrate that the dru~ traffic, in spite of being so well organized, can
be eliminated if the governments concerned are trul,y dedicated to the task,
It emphasiz~s that the United States has eaxmarked $16 million in 1980 for
the ca.mpaign against narcotics .
"However, the report notes that the situation of Colombia, which expects to
reduce its cam.paign against drugs, is the most serious. It notes that this
step would be taken at a time when the fight in that country is ~ust
beginning to have good results. For example, it says that in 1979 the
Colombian ar~r confiscated 3,338,4~+0 kilograms of marihua.na.
"Although it is calculated that this represents only 10 percent of the
total production, 'the action by the military,' the study adds, 'was
slowing dawn the freedom of action en.ioyed by the traffickers.' It adds
that since the military offensive bega.n, 113 planes transporting narcotics
have been seized in Colombia, among them some DC-6's and DC-7's. It
indicates that the mercha.nts of vice have been forced bv this repression
to risk landang on remote and poorlv equipped airstri~s and that because of
this. 23 planes--usually sma11, two-motored craft--have crashed while
transporting drugs."
Biggest Coca Pla.ntations
A few days later, the sa.me newspaper offered these additional da~ta ("Biggest
Coca Plantations in Peru and Bolivia," PRESENCIA- La Paz, 23 June, p 3):
- ~~The International Co~ission for the Campaign ARainst Narcotics charges
that Bolivia and Peru are the chief producers of coca. It adds that Peru
has for some time been an important producer of coca leaves a.nd cocaine
base,
"A report by that commission notes thA.t the illegal production of coca
leaves is over 20 ,000 tons a.nnuall,y . It states that in the past mpst of
this production was for internal consumption, chieflv by peasants in the
mountains, who have chewed these leaves for ce~turies.
"~he international commission emphesizes that, because of the growing
world dema,nd for refined cocaine, the situa.t.ion has changed drastically;
the learal cultivation of coca continueG , but the high prices of cocaine
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overseas has encour~.ged criminals to plant it illegally. It adds that
bands of traffickers fight among themselves, using modern weapons commen-
surate with t,he profits of their illicit trade. It adds that in Bolivia
and Peru the increased producti~n of narcotics has resulted in a similar
increase in vice in both nations.
"The report states that in Peruvian a.nd Bolivian cities it is common to see -
the trafficking rings offer cocaine cigarettes to passersby and even to
school children. It adds thA.t, in order to circumvent the law, drug
pr~dticers have resorted to bribery when resistance does not protect them.
`rAs elsekrhere, especially in Colombia and Bolivia," the report sa.ys ,"the
huge qua.ntities of illegal foreigil exchange obtained from the sale of
nax cotics has made millionaires of a few 'mafia' chiefs, which contributes
to inflation and destroys the b~ring power of the ordinary citizen.
"2'he international commission sa,vs that 2 years ago Peruvian authorities
implemented proarams to elimi.nate illegal plantings of coca and encoura~e
the cultivation of other crops instead, The report says that authorities
in Bolivia and Peru have clashed with rural poptitl.ations opposed to the
adoption of those progra.ms , because the f~ee cultivation of coca leaves
has traditionally been permitted. 'Furthermore,' it states, 'the pla.nt is
sown in remote places in both countries, which makes its discovery extremely
difficult.'
"Finally, the report adds that Peru and Bolivia should follow the exa.mple of
Niexico which, on beginning its antidrug campairzn, realized that it had ves^f
few agents in the mountain areas and that it could not manage the problem
alone, It adds that the Mexicari government entrusted this work to its armed
forces, and that thanks to modern technical methods and tra.nsportation
facilities, the goverriment was able to find and destroy the illegal
marihua.na, poppy and opium plantations
Bolivian Cocadollars
From inese tw~ tranGCriptions of very recent news reports the reader can
deduce the magnitude of the hundreds of millions of dollars involved in the
drug traffic. I~ one revie~ws "production" figures for Colombi~.a Peru and
_ Bol~via, the number of airplanes required and those which have been lost,
as well as other details implicit in those asticles, one can understand why
it is usual~y claimed that illegal drugs produce more revenue for Colombia
than its chief expcrt product, coffee.
In Bolivia the ~igure alreadv mentioned in cocadolla.rs is on its wav to
exceeding the na.tion's annual budaet; calculation of the amount of coca-
dollaxs resultina from the shacly operations exceeds 1 billion and, of
course, as in the case of smug~linR, such tra.nsactions would be impossible
Without the tolerance and complicity of the state security forces. The
problem has also brought concern to Bolivia's most reactionary newspaper,
EL DIARIO ("What About the Smu�gling?" editorial, 20 June 1980, p 2) of
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La Paz, which chose to talk about smuggling in ~eneral, with~ut mentionins
druRS , which are about as inseparable from smuggling as o~ygen from ~rater .
In ~Y cas e, what it emphasized i.n the following para~aph is interesting:
"It seems useless to refer to a sub~ect which is so hackneyed, but it is
the duty of a,journalist not to i~ore somethina which is a blot on our
environment.
"A11 governments, since smuggling has taken on such large proportior~s, :~ave
offered solutions which have never succeeded The thing has been
going on for about 20 years, and everything remains ~ust as it was set up
by those who started the smuggling and encouraged and sheltered it. The
part about the 20 years is a very important admission, because it corre-
sponds to the period in which military dictatorships were overwhelmingly ~
predominant. One more proof of the link between the traditional and
characteristic corruption of the Bolivian military a.nd its proclivity
toward looting on a national scale.
Smuggling Activity
"In recent yeaxs, from time to time some Go-called "substantial" seizure is
reported in the press, thanks, it is said, to official zeal and to the
improvement of customs controls. But generallv it eoncerns little more
than a million Bolivian pesos, an amot,~~t which in itself has some impact on
public opinion. To this are added other measures or reports on the increase
in seizures None of that is re~1. It is all an orchestration
directed at national pub lic opinion, since the organized smuggling--the
kind that provides such extreme luxuries as la.nding strips--continues at
full sAeed, with more and more vigor, ree,ching out to anyone who has ar~y-
thing to do with it. To demonstrate this statement one does not need to
have impressive proofs: it is enough to walk the streets of Bolivia's
cities, where one can observe the imported cigarettes as well as the
well-known 'black markets,' true eenters oP smugalinR activity."
A National Sha.me
"More than once we have pointed out why smuggling is a national sha.me, but
it appears to have'verv little effect on those who have a big stake in it
Nobo~ - really, has done e,r~ything positive to eradicate ~his
greatest of Bolivian evils. Al1 have been promises meant to silence the
protests of the press and the sectors most directly afPected. No adminis-
tration has ta.ken the problem seriously, leaving a.n aura of suspicion about
- the origins of smuRgling and hcnr it is maintained There will be
some credibility about confrontation oY smuggling when, for openers, the
so-called 'blacis markets which are encouraged now b,y the collection of
certain fees, are eliminated. It might be found that some people are not
so desperate to keep their customs posts or to acquire them in order to
change their economic status in a fe~w hours. These would be some of the
encouraging signs in a real fight against smuggling
A decisive sign, perhaps the most important, wes forgotten by the writer:
that of destroying the c].and.esti.ne airstrips~ a task totally within the
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competency of the Bolivian Air Force (FA.B) as well ra~s that of the ru�n~y.
Closing them s11, preventing the construction of others and overseeing the
legal airports would end the smugglina in short order, and this also
requires the will and decision to liquidate the production and illegal
transportation of cocaine base a.nd a.~ong with it the very lucrative coc a-
dollar "industry."
The "Cocadollar Uprising"
On the same day that EL DIARIO published its bad-humored editorial against
smuggling ~rithout mentioning drugs, on page 5 of that paper under the title
"Prefect Offers Guarantees to People of Santa Cruz," it gave details of the
abortive 18 June "putsch" in Santa Cruz, which came about because the
commander of the 6th Ar~y Division was so busY doing crossword puzzles in
his office that he did not hear the rifle and machinegun fire by the mafiosi
of the Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB)J nor was he awe,re of the takeover of
the local prefecture bv a group of those same outlaws, or of the attack on
the U.S. Consulate, the American Bolivian Center, the Electoral Court, the
Teachers' Complementary F~id and the Federation of Manu~acturers, emong
other pub lic a.nd private buildinas in the city.
Ba,re mention was ma.de of "signs of violence," such as "broken glass in doors
and windows and bullet holes all over the place," caused by the Falangists,
whD for s everal hours held the city without any interference from either the
arg{y or the police. It was the people of Santa Cruz themselves, their
students and. workers , who reacted and, numbering in the thousa.nds , forced
the insurrectionists to flee. That wa.s another characteristic attempt at
insurrection by the FSB, in combination with the local garrison, which let
the spoilin~ go on until the people, of their own accord, restored order in
the city. Only then did the tanks appear in the streets and one or two
pla.nes fly over the city .
And when the damage and in~uries were assessed, the broken windows and the
fires, it was found that all the dossiers, books and folders concerning the
activities of the producers a.nd smugglers of cocaine base in the Depa.rtment
of Santa Cruz had been removed from the archives of the City Hall a.nd the
prefecture. Any material which the supporters of Banzer, the Fala.ngists or
simply the gangsters could not carry with them in their flight was burned
on the spot.
The putsch had been caxried out for the purpose of destroving the files
which endangered the cocadollar business. Incidentallv, a proposal had
been made to contribute to the destabilization of Lidia Gueiler's government.
PHOTO CAPTION
Scene of the Bolivian people's resista.nce to Col Alberto Natusch Busch's
barracks uprising on 1 November 1979. The tank cannons a.nd tk~e M-16 rifles
caused no less than 200 deaths among civilianG.
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BOLIVIA
NARCOTICS CONTROL OFFICE STEPS UP ACTIVITIES
La Paz EL DIARIO in Spanish 1 Aug 80 p 5
[Text] Although the United States suspended aid for control of drug
traffic and cocaine manufacture without any advance notice, police
suthorities in the Office of Control of Dangerous Substances are working
hard to smash the gangs involved in these criminal operations.
Col Luis Arzave, director of that po~.ice department, reported that in
two raids in the past few days, they arrested several persons involved~
in manufacturing the ~rug in some cases and its traffic in others.
In a raid at the Hotel Libertador in this city, police arrested Maria
Gertrud, a German citizen from Wiesbaden, Germany. She had in her posses-
sion several kinds of drugs, including peyote and hashish.
_ After the police and judicial investigation, she wi11 be deported as an
undesirable alien.
Elsewhere, in the area of Sacaba, 1.5 kilometers out of the town, Juan
Hidalgo Sanchez and Samuel Loza Coronado were arrested in another operation.
They were both arrested while drying sulfate, the base for cocaine, and
1,600 grams of the moist form of the drug were seized at that time.
Narcotics authorities indicated that despite the U.S. measures to halt
cooperation in those operations, t~ere is still plenty of optimism to
fight hard against drug tzaffic and the manufacture of cocaine.
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srn.TVrn
ILLEGAL LABORATORIES DISMANTLED BY OFFICERS
La Paz EL DIARIO in Spanish 1 Aug 80 p 6
[TextJ Cochabamba, 31 Jul (EL DIARIO)--Three secret cocaine factories
were dismantled by officers of the Office of Narcotics and Dangerous
Substances, and they arrested thoae implicated in the manufacture and
traffic of the drug.
The head of that office, Col Aldo Rubin de Celis, reported that on 2 July
in the area of Pacpani, in Punata province, they arrested Andres Orellana
Paniagua, who, together with his father, was manufacturing cocaine.
In their possession, and while in the process of making a sale, the latter
escaped. [As published]
In the Aiquile area on 15 July, Jose Hinojosa and David Gutierrez were
arrested.
The former had in his possession 750 grams of cocaine sulfate, while the
latter admitted to manufacturing tY:at substance on five occasions.
Narcotics officers destroyed the factory where these men had been carrying
out their illegal work.
This week the two men will be turned over to the Public Ministry for trial.
Finally, on the 27th of this month, following a report from a guard
patrol car, two persons were arrested at kilomet~r 1 on the Sacaba road.
They were in the process of drying sulfate, the b ase for cocaine. They
had 1,600 grams of the drug in their possession.
Proliferation
Reporting this operation, Col Aldo Rubin de Celis affirmed that the
Narcotics Office works with the Public Security Guard in investigating
and studying the manufacture, traffic, and use of dangerous drugs.
He stated that both the manufacture and trafficking of cocaine are
increasing alarmingly in our department, where the illegal market uses
humble peasants a~ well as criminals for the illicit traffic. These men
believe they will quickly and easily solve their economic woes, without
considering the penalties they are being exposed to by the criminals who
are working safely behind the scenes.
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BOLIVIA
BRIEFS
MINISTRY REJECTS DRUG CHARGES--La Paz, 17 Aug (AFP)--The Bolivian Foreign
Ministry asserted her today that the goverim?ent will continue struggling
against coca planting despite the withdrawal of U.S. cooperation. A Foreign
Ministry communique replies in this way to the U.S. newspaper, the WASHING-
TON POST, which in its 14 Auguat issue, accused members of the Bolivian Gov-
ernment of being involved in drug trafficking. The regime presided over by
~en Luis Garcia Meza ascribes that article and other similar ones fio maneuvers
by international extremism whose failure became obvious when they could not
prevent active Bolivian participation in the Latin American Integration As-
sociation (ALADI). The Foreign Ministry also expressed its amazement over
the fact that David Passage, a spokesman of the Department of State, had com-
mitted an unheard-of act when he echoed the insults of the newspapers against
the Bolivizn Government and ~ustifies the cancellation of the aid against
drug trafficking in this cotmtry. The ministry also regrets that the United
� States has not taken due notice of the Inte~ior Ministry resolution creating
the Commissian for the Control of Daagerous Drugs, which wtll be entrusted
with the control, prevention and suppression of the illegal drug trade. The
document concludes by statfng that Bolivia, in view of such a persistent
and groundless campaign, can only re~ect the slander and denounce before world
public opinion the outrage to which it ie being submitted, only because of
the fact that it is exercising ita legitimate right to adopt the form of
government which is the most suitable for its interests. [Text] [PY171917
Paris AFP in Spanish 1759 GMT 17 Aug 80)
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BRAZ II,
'BRAZILIAN CONNECTION' IN DRUG TRAFFIC DISCOVERED
PY220409 Buenos Aires LA RAZON in Spanish 19 Aug 80 p 3
[Excerpts] Rio de Janeiro (ANSA)--The influential weekly ISTO E states
that the investigations and arrests that the Brazilian federal police
are making in the northern regions lead to the conclusion that Manaus
(capital of Amazonas State) is reportedly "one of the largest distribu-
tion centers of the cocaine that is senC to the United Statea and may}~
even Europe." Manaus is reportedly the "Brazilian Connection" in a r ad
that starts--according to the Brazilian weekly--in Bolivia, and it is
also the beginning of "a story that is 3ust coming into the open."
The Brazilian weekly notes that despite the strict police silence on
the matter, it is known that 60 drug traffickers were arrested in Manaus
and that a group of four laboratories that processed cocaine were dis-
covered. Moreover, it is known that 16 kg of pure cocaine, many weapons
and counterfeit dollars were confiscated.
According to ISTO E the cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are the
biggest consumer centers of cocaine in Brazil. The newspaper adds
that "since the dru~ that is consumed in these centers comes from
Bolivia, cocaine prices have increased by 200 or 300 percent in the
last few weeks, costing in some cases as much as 5,000 cruzeiros ($91)
per gram." This sharp increase in the cost of cocaine was not only
because of the coup d'etat in Bolivia but because the Brazilian federal
police have confiscated no less than 30 kg of cocai.ne 3n the last few
weeks in many operations in Sao Paulo, Belem and Manaus. When sold,
these 30 kg of cocaine~would yield 1 billion cruze3ros ($18 million). -
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BRAZIL
BRIEFS
DRUG WORKING GROUP--A working group that will operate out of the Justice
Ministry has been created to formulate and guide campaigns against the
use and trafficking of any type of drug that is considered dangerous.
The group will include representatives from the Justice, Health and
Education Ministries; the armed forcea staff, and the Mass Media Ministry.
The group will also include legal experts chosen by the 3ustice minister.
[PY190120 Brasilia Domestic Service in Portuguese 2200 GMT 18 Aug 80]
OFFICIAL CAUGHT WITH COCAINE--Sao Paulo, international arms broker and
head of the Sao Paulo Commerce Chamber (Eduardo Jose E1.smer), 56 years,
was caught carrying 5 kg cocaine by the Sao Paulo federal police. The
cocaine was from Santa Cruz de La Sierra [Bolivia] and its value was
calculated in 25 million cruzeiros. [Text] [PY262226 Porto Alegre
Radio Guaiba in Portuguese 2150 GMT 26 Aug 80]
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COLOMBIA
BRIEFS
U.S. PLANE WITH WEAPONS SEIZED--Cartagena, Colombia, 24 Aug (AFP)--A
U.S. plane with a large cargo of weapons was seized by the police here
today, it was officially announced. The plane, a DC-3 which landed
sec:.etly in the local airport, had flown from Miami, the police reported.
In sptte of police efforts, the arms traffickers managed to escape
from the plane which is also used for smuggling marihuana into the
United States, it was said. The police said tonight this is ~he fourth
U.S. plane to land in similar circumstances this week at Colombian
Caribbean coastal airports. [Text] [iA250252 Paris AFP in Spanish
0113 GMr 25 Aug 80]
ANTIDRUG OPERATIONS RESULTS--During operations against drug traff ickers
in the countxy 18-22 August, the f ollowing results were obtained:
Guajira Department: 10 Colombians were arrested. Arms seized included
five revolvers of various calibers, a.45-caliber pistol, two 16-gauge
shotguns, a.22-caliber rifle. Other arms and materials seized included
cartridges of various calibers, a clip [vainilla], SO marihuana bundles,
3 VHF radios, 2[word indistinct] trucks, 404 coffee bags, a Toyota jeep,
10,012 hectares of marihuana, and a(?Kawasaki)-100 motorcycle. [Text]
[PA232152 Bogota Domestic 5ervice in Spaniah 1730 GMT 23 Aug 80]
VENEZUELA DENIES COMPLICITY--Bogota, 8 Sep (AF'P)--Co1 Federico Navas,
Venezuelan Embassy attache here, has nothing to do with the confiscation
of some cocaine Sunday near Bogota, it was reported at the diplomatic
mission here today. The name of Colonel Navas was confused with that
of Jose Idilio Carreno, one of the supposed owners of the cocaine
processing laboratory dismantled by secret service agents at Ca~ica.
A married couple and their daughter were captured in connection with
the drug traffic. Colonel Navas refused to make any comment to reporters
on what embassy spokesmen described as "an unfortunate mistake." In
principle, and according to radio reports, the casf was about to provoke
a"diplomatic scandal." [Text] [PA082058 Paris AFP in Spanish 1447 GMT
8 Sep 80]
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YERU
BRIEFS
DRUGS SEIZED--Lima, 5 Sep (LATIN)--Luis Hers, Lima international airport
customs administrator, has reported that as of the beg3nning of the year
a total of 1,200 kg of cocaine hydrochloride, cocaine base and other ~
hallucinatory substances worth about $1 million had been seized at the
airport. He pointed out that most of the drug traffickers arrested
are foreigners. [PY060012 Buenos Airea LATIN in Spanish 1030 GMT 5 Sep 8U]
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Et~YPT
MAJOR NARCOTICS D~ALER ARRESTED
Cairo AL-AHRAM in Arabic 25 Jun 80 p 10
[Article by Husayn Ghanim: "A Wild Chase Acrosa Three Provinces
To Conf.iscate a Narcotic Shipment Smuggled to Upper EgypC"]
[Text] Security forces of Bani Suwayf .:Province have arrested one of
the top narcotic's dealers, after a wild chase acrosa three provinces in
upper Egypt. During the chase, gunfire was exchanged between the smuggler
and the security forces. Huge amounts of hashish and opi~, with an
. eatimated value of one hundred thousand Egyptian pounds, were found
on the defendant who confessed Ct~ t he smuggled these amount~ from the
Batiniyyah dietrict aE4he province.
Information received had indicated that Budayr. Hanna N,aruz, one of the
biggest and most dangerous narcotics amugglers in upper Egypt, in
cooperation with his agents, has been smuggling narcotics fr an the
Batiniyyah district and distributing,them in upper Fgypt provinces.
He transported them in his private car. In the lfght of thia information,
Ma,j Gen Ahmad Salah.Atiyyah a~ked the security chief of Bani Suwayf
to waCch this smuggler's movements, pussue him, and set an ambuah ro
capture him.
Investigations (supervised by Lt Col Ibrahim Muhain.Sarhan, the chief of
- criminal investigations) ascertained that the emuggler had left for
Cairo already, and was carrying large ainounta~.of hashieh and opium fr an
the Batiniyyah distric t. He had lef t in h ie private car, which is
licensed.in Minya Province under number 1776. Furthermore, he was on
his way back to upper Egypt to dietribute the narcotics in a number of
provinces.
The ambuah was set up by Maj Adi1 Yunis at the border of Giza p rovince,
where the smuggler appeared, drivir,g hia car. A chase ensued, dur3ng which
gunfire was exchanged with the po,lice. The chaee continued acroas three
provinces, until.it reached the city of Maghaghah, in Minya Erovince,
~tr ere he was captured and his car aearched.
A large quantity of hashish and opium.was found in secret hiding places.
Its value was estimated a.~ one hundred thousand Egyptian pounds.
The proaecution office investigated the incident and iasued an
order to arrest the smuggler and confiscate hia car.
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EGYPT
BRIEFS
OPIUM BUST AT AIRPORT--The drug administration, in cooperation with the
Cairo airport police, seized a suitcase containing 30 kilograms of opium
upon arrival from Pakistan on a Kuwaiti plane. Information had reached
Ma~ Gen Sami As'ad, director of the drug administration, that one of the
drug merchants had been assigned by hia partner to transfer a drug ship-
ment from Pakistan to Cairo where some gang members would h~ndle getting
it out of the airport. Cols Sayyid Ghayth, Ahmad Nadda, Mustafa al-
Kashif, Muhammad 'Abd a1-Wahab 'Imad Rashid and Shafiq al-Bashri were
assigned to watch for the shipment's arrival, with assistance from
airport authorities represented by Co1 Salah Shalabi. The plane arrived
from Kuwait the day before yesterday. The passengers claimed their bag-
gage, leaving one suitcase unclaimed. It was identif ied as having come
from Pakistan on board the Kuwaiti plane. When opened, the suitcase
contained 30 kilograms and 75 grams of unprocessed opium. No one claimed
the suitcase. The drug administration was informed and a search for the
owner of the suitcase is ongoing, as the prosecution demanded hie immediate
arrest. [Text] [Cairo AL-AHRAM in Arabic 3 Jul 80 p 10] 9455
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iRE1N
SEVEN NARCOTICS DEALERS EXECUTED
LD290500 Tehran Lomestic Service in Persian 0330 GMT 29 Aug 80
[Text] The special Islamic Revolution Court for the fight against narcotics
sentenced seven peuple to death ~or selling narcotics. The sentences were
- carried out at dawn today at Qasr Prison. The seven were :
1, (Eftekhareddin), son of La'1 Pasha, from Pakistan, who had been a first
class contraband dealer, and who had recently amuggled narcotics into the
Khorasan region through the mountainous border and selling the narcotics.
He collaborated with famous narcotics amugglera in Pa~3stan and Afghanistan.
2. (Mohammad Hani) , sone of Ashrafoddin, from Pakistan, notorious, first
class contraband dealer, who had smuggled narcotics into Iran through moun-
tainous borders. He collaborated with international narcotics smugglers in
Pakistan and Afghanistan.
3. 'Abdollah Khalequ, son of Qolamhoseyn, from--and resident of--Sabzevar, I
who had recently been arrested while in possession of 27 kg of opium. In
the past he had been one of the biggest distributors of narcotics in Khorasan
and Mazandaran. He had also collaborated with Mohammad 'Ali Hesami, the fam-
ous dealer of contraband.
4. Mohammad 'Ali Hesami, son of Mostafa, from Sabzevar, who had been the
partner and colleague of 'Abdollah Khaleqi. He was recently arrested while
in possession of 22.5 kg of opium.
~ 5. Johanbakhsh Rahtkhah, son of Jahangir, fnom--and resident of--Tehran,
who had a long record of trading in heroin and connection with famous smug-
glers. He also collaborated with international ccntraband gangs and had
' recently been arrested while in possesaion of a certain amount of heroin.
6. Morad Bakhtiari, son of Karim, from Malayer, r~~sident of Tehran, who
had vast activities in buqing and selling opium and heroin. He was recent-
ly arrested while in possession of 60 kg of opium.
7. Maj id Khodavandelu, son of Moha~ed Saleh, from Kara~ , who had been ar-
rested a number of times in co.inection with the distribution of narcotics and
jailed. He was recently arrested'in connection with narcotics.
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~
IRAN
THREE SENTENCED, EXECUTED FOR NARCOTICS OFFENSES
Court Sentences, Executes Thr~e
LD230530 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 0230 GMT 23 Aug 80
[Z~ext] ~e special Islamic Revolution Court concerned with the antinarcotics campaign
se ntenced to death three individuals who had supp],ied and distributed narcotics and
canmitted thefts and knifings. ~e sentences were carried out early this mornir~g.
~ose executed Were as f ollows:
Hasan Reza'i Purnazari, the son of Hoseyn, alias Hasan Kuchikeh, resident of Tehran;
aholam (?Taran), the son of 'Ali Asghar, a citizen of Miando~ab, resident of ~hran;
Qholam Reza ~ssma'ili, the son of Hoseyn, a resi.dent of Tehran.
Four More bceouted
LD251122 ~hran Danes tic Service in Persian 0930 4MT 25 Aug 80
[IDccerpt] According to a Ce ntral News Bureau report, a special court dealing with drug
smugglers in the Hormoz region sentenced Pour members of one of the most important heroin
and drug smuggling rings to death. ~ey were execu~ed at dawn today in Bandar-e ~AbbQS.
CSO; 5300
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IItAN
BRIEFS
DRUG TRAFFICKERS EXECUTED--Two drug traffickers, Khademi and (Behbozorgi),
_ were executed in Fasa this morning for drug distribution and inducement
of revolutionary youths to use such poisan. Two accomplices of theirs
were sentenced to 15 and 2 years 3n prison respectively.[Text] [GF260556 -
Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian 1400 GMT 25 Aug 80]
PRISON DRUG TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--The leader of the group sent from
Evin prison to Abadan with other revolution guards to guard those accused
in the Rex cinema case was intervietaed by a PARS reporter this af ternoon. �
He said: Following repozts of drug sales in the Abadan police ~ail,
he investigated the situation and, through direct dealing with the dis-
tributors, arrested th e gang responsible and their contacts. The contacts
were two guards, Mondani Shomali at~d Hoseyn Ra~abi. The distributors
were two prisoners, Nasim Ka'bi and Naser Hakim. They have been trans-
ferred to the Abadan revolution ,jail. [Text] [GF311352 Ahvaz Domestic
Service in Persian 1230 GMT 31 Aug 80]
DRUG DEALERS EXECUTED--In accordance with the verdicts of special Islamic
revolution courts set up to try drug smugglers in Mashhad, Gonbad and
Miyaneh, eight smugglers and distributors of narcotics charged with
selling, buying and distributing narcotics and with carrying and possessing
~ firearms and ammunition have been executed. They are (?Asadollah)
'Abbasizadeh; Qanbar (?Momken); Ha~i Rajablu, son of 'Ali resident of
[name indistinct]; Habibollah (?Behdashi) son of Mohammad resident of
Gorgan; and (?No'ma) Jafa'i, son of 'Ali resident of (?I~andehi), one
of the known members of [name indistinct] band; Ahmad Jafa'i; Ebrahim
Bakhshi, son of Barat' Gholam Heydar Rahmatollahi, son of Mahmud; and
Mohammad 'Ali (?Pish egi), son of [name indistinct). [Text] [LD291356
Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 0930 GMT 29 Aug 80]
DRUGS SEIZED--During the past few days revolution guards of Borazjan have
seized 6 guns, 125 gm of opium and 27.5 gm of burned opium. Four
individuals were arrested. [GF031703 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian
1400 GMT 3 Sep 80]
WEST COUNTRY DRUG DISCOVERY--From the west of the country; Hoj~at O1-F.slam
Sheykh Sadeq Khalkhali, the supervisor of the headquarters for the fight
against the smuggling of narcotics, today announced: The ;;;~ock fighters
against the smuggling of narcotics, situated in the west of the countxy
have discovered 472.4 kilograms of opiinn, 5,055 grams of opium dross and
75 grams of opium juice in this region and have submitted them to the
special court situated in Qasr prison. [Excerpt] [LD031826 Tehran
Domestic Service in Persian 1630 GMT 3 Sep 80]
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KHALKHALI STATEMENI' ON AllDICTS--Antinarcotics ~quad chief Shaykh Sadeq
IQialkhali today released a statement which reads in part: Nearly 200 addicts
and dope peddlers have been detained by the police around Jamshid and Ghavan- -
Dafter streets [in Tehran] and they have been handed over to the special anti-
narcotics court. While thanking the police for their activities, we remind
people that the police ought to be careful in handing over people to the
special court so as to make sure that among them are not included sinless
ones who have been ur.justly detained. They should also report the names of
the detainees and the location where the addicts and dope peddlers have been
- detained. The statement further says that according to minutes which were
signed in the presence of the president, officials of the Health Ministry are
dutybound to make available at the earliest possible time a suitable place
for the detention of addicts and to communicate the information to the head-
quarters of the antinarcotics campaign. Also, providing treatment facili-
ties, doctors and medicine are the responsibility of the Health Ministry.
[Text] [LD151837 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1630 GMT 15 Aug 80]
OPIUM DISCOVERED--Shiraz revolution guards have discovered ov~r 1 kg of
opium and 7 million rials in cash in a house in Shiraz. They have
arrested two persons. [GF061618 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian
1400 GMT 6 Sep 80]
OPIUM CONFISCATED--Kazerun revolution guards have discovered a quantity
of opium as well as a still and same bottles in a brick factory. Three
persons havc been arrested. [GF061618 Shiraz Domestic Service in Persian
1400 GMT 6 Sep 80]
DRUG~ AR.REST--Ahvaz and Andimeshk revolution guards have seized 12 rolls
[lul] of opium, a quantity of hashish, two packages of heroin and a large
quantity of opium juice. Two persons have been arrested, [GF06161$
Ahvaz Domestic Service in Persian 1230 GMT 6 Sep 80]
TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--~e Shiraz drug squad has arrested eight drug traf-
fickers and confiscated 2,500 grams of opium and burned opium together
with ?0 grams of heroin and 3,010,000 rials. [GF09I800 Shiraz Domestic
Service in Persian 1400 GMT 9 Sep 80]
NARCOTICS SEIZURE-=Esfahan, Anarak and Na'in--Hojjat ol-Eslam va Moslemin
Sheykh Sadeq Khalkhali, supervisor of the headquarters for the anti-
narcotics campaign, announced a few minutes ago in a telephone con-
versation with the Voice of Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran:
Today the special group of the guards corps for the antinarcotics campaign
and the security forces seized 146.4 kg of opium, 2,75 kg of hashish,
900 g of opium dross extract, 750 g of heroin, 12.1 kg of opium dross,
500 g of (?amphetamines) and 160 kg of [word indistinct] from na�-cotics
smugglers in Esfahan, Anarak and Na'in. These narcotics were handed over
today to the special court for the antinarcotics campaign. [Text]
[LD312242 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1630 GMT 31 Aug 80)
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~
DRUG TRAFFICKERS ISSUED WARNING--A statement was issued tonight by
Hojjat ol-Eslam Sheykh Sadeq Khalkhali, the supervisor of the staff for
campaign against narcotics, as follows: In his exalted name. Effective
t~night a team of inspectors of the campaign against narcotics will be
stationed at Mehrabad airport with all resources at their disposal to
carry out inspections and identify gangs of narcotics trafficke rs and
addicts in order to vigorously prevent the smuggling of narcotics and
the departure of addicts to Saudi Arabia and other countries. It is
fervently hoped that the passengers to the holy house of God will
cooperate in preventing any kind of narcot3.cs being taken to Saudi Arabia.
Any offenses in this respect will be prosecuted. [TextJ [LD011812 ~
Tehran Domestic Service in Persian 1630 GMT 1 Sep 80]
CSO:~ 5300
~
38
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GUINEA-BISSAU
VARIOUS FOREIGNERS IMPLICATED IN DRUG TRAFFIC F~XPELLED
_ Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 22 Jul 80 p 8
[Communique of State Commission of Interior)
~Tex t] Be~ause of its importance wp are publishing the communique from
the State Commission of the Interi~r in its entirety; it concerns the
efforts of National Security to prevent drugs from being brought into our
country. Its first notable achievem~Eat was the arrest of three individuals
with marihuana in their possession on 1 July 1980 at Nhacra.
Before that, however, we intend rightly to potnt out that, in national
legislation on the sub~ect (appron~d whea traces of colonialism still
persisted), the preamble states: "The uncomprom3sing defense of the
PhYsical and moral well-being of our people is one of the main duties of
the state. Confronted with the grave danger which the acourge of drug
addiction represents, measures must be forcefully taken: it is imperative
to punish harshly all those who make our youth fall prisoner of the vice,
deviating from the path which opened with the country's liberation, the
Path of work ~nd dignity in the service of the ::ountry and human progress."
Now let ua proceed to the text of the communique; it should be mentioned
that the NO PINTCHA staff added the subheadings.
,
"On 1 July 1980, National Security stopped an automobile 'Citroen Ami 8,'
registration ITG 113.21, in Nhacra; Suzanne Bilodeau, a Canadian citizen
- and UNDp [UN Develop~ent Program] official in Guinea-Biseau, and two
citizens, Rui Alberto Arau~o Gamea Ramos and Rui Manuel Sampaio de Brito e
Silva, employees of SOCOTRAM [Lumber Processing and Marketing Company],
were riding in the Car. They were taken to operational divieion head-
Quarters of National Security and it was learned that Suzanne Bilodeau
carried on her person under her pants a plastic bag containing around 300
8rams of marihuana (Cannabis Sativa L). When the interior panel of the
cer was removed, six more plastic bags p�acked with marihuana were found in
the door panel on the driver's side. Moreover, a search mgde immediately
- after of Suzanne Bilodeau's apartment turned up more marihuana there.
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Following up the information obtained while questioning the detainees, ,
National Security seized more marihuana from the house of another member
of the group, Sidi Djau, a citizen of Guinea-Bissau and former official
of the EEC Mission in our country.
The operation, whose investigative phase ended with the seizure of the
marihuana and the arrest of Suzanne Bilodeau, the two passengers in the car
she was driving and Sidi Djau, began in 1978 when the suspicious activities
of some foreigners and our youth who traveled in their circles drew the
attention of the authorities.
The questioning of those then detained confirmed that evidence and also
implicated Jean Guy Gayard, a French citizen and pilot on contract to the
" State Commissariat for Economic Coordination and Planning, Bruno Gabrielli,
an Italian citizen and UNICEF representative plus the above-mentioned
Suzanne Bilodeau.
The Identity of Others Fxpelled
Moreover, the questioning confirmed the following foreigners, all part of
the same circle, as smokers who encouraged ~arihuana use by our youth:
Alan Molino, U.S. citizen and USAID riission official in Bissau; Thomas
Bosky, worker in the State Co~issariat of Natural Resources; riaria Arminda
da Costa Reis, Portuguese citizen and worker in the State Commissariat for
Publ.ic Works, Construction and Urbanism and Is~be1 Peres, Portuguese citizen
and worker in the State Commissariat for National E~~ucation.
Center of rioral Depravity
The circle with Suzanne Bilodeau as its center--which recently, because of
her influence and that of foreign citizens, attracted some of our youth
given over to v3.ce--showed the typical characteristics of groups using drugs.
As a center of moral depravity, the group not only encouraged drug addic-
tion but also Che other vices always associated w3`th it; by its existence
and activity, it constituted serious dangars for youth. ~
Faced with this situation and its unquestionable duty to defend the physical
and moral well-being of youth, the government decid~d to expell from the -
country the above-mentioned foreign citizens, all proven to be implicated
in traff icking or procuring drugs for use.
When making this decision to refra3.n from criminal prosecution of the above-
mentioned individuals, in accordance with the terms of Decree I~aw No 1/76
of 21. April, the government took into consideration the relations o� true
cooperat3on which have always existed between Guinea-Bissau and the organi-
zations or countries which they represent, relations which cannot be
aff ected by of�icials or workers unworthy of their mession in our country.
Nevertheless, investigations are continuing to determine exactly our youth's
responsibility in this."
9479 40
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souTx aFRZCa
DAGGA TO BE DESTROYID BY SPRAYING
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Aug 80 p 3
jArticle by Emielia Jaroschek]
[Text]
SOLTffi AFBI~A'S mulUmillloa' "Umer'dagga waa mddm m "wr aim ts now w go [or a1l
rand dag~a industcy i~ ta be gas caaisters, ~:.~or panels aM Y~~B Plants betore they go to ,
killed off - wiW pdson. dolls or coenpresaed to haahiaL seed�" ~
police dLscloeed ye~terday and upacted overseas for teaa Colonel H� J Flsc4er, of the
for the Eirat time tLat theq of tbouaands of raods." Pa1i~e Inepectorate, wdo hesd-
have decided to spray all tuture The new pofsan - a crnp ed the experimentation, sald
crops with polaon. spraq - will not harm people tbat Ia oae experlment a single
The decision comes after should theq accidently amoke ~ man was able to cover an area
moaths oE ~perimentlna by tbe the aHected weed. 06 7 0&uq/m in oae-aad-a-halt
poUce and tbe Council tor Sci- "It ha~ beea approved bq the hours. . �
entific and InduaWal Research Depertments ot Health, Forest- At the same qme tluee ma~
(CSIR). rY~ R?ater AEfaira, Envirom~- employed ~ puWng up planb
'Areas in Natal, Nortlfern and tal PtaaNng, Natnre Coneerva- o n 1 y m a n a g e d t o c o v e r
Eastern 'lYansvaal w61ch pre- tion and sindlar bodies." 161~sq/m.
viou~ly }+ieided tons oE dagga Ga~eral Ziet~aa wauld not "The smoter, our e:peri-
each month will become bare di~c1~se we :wme of the apraq, ments showed, would have to
oE the plant. he +trerrs.d that It did aot amoke 21kg oE dagga at one
MaJor-Geaeral C F Zieta- poiwn the aoil :r� did not Wne to be poisonad by fhis
man, Deputy CID C6tei for harm otha' crops� apray" ~
South Atrica, said ye~terday ""We will not be apraying Geaeral' Zietsman said yea-
that poi~ooing of crop~ aould from the air ae we do not terday that polsonlag would
save t6ouaaada of man6ours. intend Laraifng tde nataral probabiy 6lt the illegal dagga
"Oae policeman with a graseee and other planta oEten trade involvia~ thousande of
spray-pump can do the wort of growing between tbe dngga.' people includiag deolera who
78 pollcemea. Previoualq 6nn- "Al'o, we aant to avoid get� m~de a lavith Uving out of the
dreds of policemen were an- ting the poison into strwnL+, plaat - harder than ever
pioyed each year for week~ In even tliough tbe dlluted' (otm betoce.
tAe back-breakinQ task o[ pull- we use would be totally He pointed out, however, that
ing up the weed oNy, to see !t harmlaa." Qbl~ did not mean ao aid to the
back in a[ew deeta. The aprayed dagga plaat large amouets oE dagga enter-
"In spite of thelr efiorts bags� wifhecs aM die~ wtthin a day, ing South Atrica trom nelgh-
were ~till stlling at R70 to R100 WItL1n three weeks the piant bouring countriea. "We have
on the H10UA~1D edges and ia reduced Eo a brnwn, s.unbornt made arrests where dagga
after bdnQ traaaported to citles twig. came from places such as
pric~ soared to R1500 and "Pnlling out and buratoQ T r a n s k e i, C i s k e i a n d
Ry ppp ~ pyQ, plaab does not destroy the ga~y~,~~
tough dpg~a seeda. The polson
does.
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DENMARK
CHRISTIANIA SETS UP OWN POLICE FORCE TO STOP HARD DRUGS
Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish 5 A.ug 80 p 13
[Article by Marja Honkanen: "Christiania Resists Drugs: Heroin, Cocaine
and Other Hard Substances Are Spreading Alarmingly in Denmark"]
[Text] Copenhagen A battle is going on in Christiania, a free city in
the middle of Copenhagen. Its symbol has been painted on the wall of an old
dilapidated barracks building: a fist crushing a drug syringe.
The citizens of Christiania have risen up against heroin, which is thre~ten-
ing its future more than officials ever did with their construction plans.
"Real" Christianians, people who still believe in the future of their society
after years of drug traffic, began their battle at the end of last year.
They had had enough of hardened professional drug dealers, who had pushed
aside Christiania's own small businessmen and who were pulling their young
people away into the clutches of hard drugs, mainly heroin.
A separate "drug police," called Rockmaskinen (coat machine) was established
in Christiana. [Drug] sellers were no longer permitted into the Ark of Peace,
the barracks building where the heroin users lived. A means for the users to
obtain care was provided.
As a memorial of last year's clean-up, remnants have been left in front of
the Ark of Peace of the bonfire in which the trash left by the drug users was
burned.
Guards are no longer visible, but anyone suspected as a heroin dealer can
still receive a forceful expulsion from the gates of Christiania.
Conflicting Opinions
Has Christiania really been cleaned up? ~
Opinions about the mdtter are conflicting. The police are convinced that her-
oin is being usedy sold, and stored in Christiania now ~ust as before. They
do not believe that a few idealiste can clean up the place.
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On the other hand for example, social workers who work with drug problems
think that Christiania has to some degree cleaned itself up, and the reputa-
tion of the place has improved. In their opinion, the citizens of Christi-
ania have aroused the general public as well to pay attention to the danger
of heroin and to act against it.
The most radical people are of the opinion that Qzristiania's persecution
is political and that the police are using it as a practice field.
Many Danes are thoroughly tired of the whole problem and would like to get
rid of Christiania's whole loose population, which has held a valuable piece
of property, once an army warehouse and barracks area, in its possession for
decades.
The Problem Is Getting More Difficult
Whether the situation in Christiania is at one extreme or the other or some-
where in bel-ween, no one wi11 dispute the fact that the drug problem in Den-
mark and especially in Copenhagen has become and is continuing to become more
difficult.
The situation has changed since the sixties and the beginning of the seventies
when marijuana was the most common drug. Now professional dealers are selling
heroin and cocaine at high prices in Copenhagen and in the other large cities
of Denmark, Arhus, Alborg, and Odense.
Commissioner Paul Maria Gaugin, chief of the drug division of Copenhagen's _
criminal police and grandson of the famous artist, explains the arrival of
heroin to Europe:
"After the Americans left Vietnam and the war in South-East Asia ended, the
drug dealers lost a good market. So they began to shift to Europe. Before
that there was practically speaking no heroin here. They came first to Rot-
terdam in Holland, because it is one of Europe's biggest harbors, and then
spread to West Germany, France, England, and Scandinavia."
During the past two years, cocaine has slso been sold in Copenhagen, but on-
ly very small amounts. It is now some kind of fad among the ~et set and in
artistic circles, say the experts.
The ordinary abusers do not use cocaine, but heroin, morphine, pills, mari-
3uana, and alcohol anything they can get their hands on.
Methadone, a medicine used to get patients off her~in, is also for sale. It
has the same effect as heroin and morphine and goes well in the drug trade.
In Denmark there are about 500 "legalized" addicts who receive their drug,
methadone, on ~rescriptions from private doctors. Methadone is known in Fin-
land as Dolorex.
Drug purchases are financed through crimes, burglaries, robberies, and pro-
stitution. In recent years, many bank robbers in Copenhagen have been peo-
ple needing money for heroin.
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Social workers say that the present economic situation in Denmark and espec-
ially unemployment among the youth have driven many to seek relief. from
drugs. They fear that the situation will still get worse due to ~anemploy-
ment particularly.
Last year 125 people died in Denmark from drug overdoses. But the ~~Fficial
figures do not tell everything. No one knows how many deaths have brec? caus-
ed indirectly by drugs.
There are between 6,000 and 10,000 users of heroin and other hard drugs in
Finland. There are not many new young users. At the beginning of the 1970's
the use of drugs started among 16-20 year olds; now it is among those well
o~~er 20, even over 30. Thus speaks Dr Peter Ege, who works with alcohol and
drug problems in both the Central Medical Board and treatment centers.
The police have a gloomier view of the situation. The differences are ex-
plained partly by the fact that when the police talk about drug users, they
mean users of all drugs, including mari3uana. Medical and social workers
mean by drug users only the users of heroin, morphine, and o ther hard sub-
stances.
Here the varying opinions of officialg about marijuana come into the open.
"The 12-year experience of the criminal police shows that 75 percent of the
users of hard drugs started with smoking mari3uana," says Gaugin.
The doctor puts the matter more carefully: "Compared to alcohol, mari~uana
has the advantage that it does not cause brain and liver damage. And com-
pared to heroin, mari~uana is really a small problem. But it is still a dan-
gerous drug for youth, because it tempts them to experiment with other drugs.
For that reason we don't recommend or approve its legalization."
However, Ege believes that the battle against hard drugs would succeed better
if mari~uana were not labeled more dangerous than it is. "Almost every Dane
has tried mari~uana some time and knows how it feels. Very s trong propaganda
aginst it is immediately noticed as a lie."
Open Sale
Possession and smoking of marijuana is illegal in Denmark as elsewhere. The
police do not have means to enforce the law in a11 cases, however. Finding
of a small amount of mari~uana uaually resuits only in a warning or a fine.
The lack of power on the part of the police has.been put to use in Christi-
ania. In a small covered alley, where long-haired youth, shaggy dogs, tour-
ists, and Danish families on a Sunday stroll coagregate, mari~uana is sold
openly from little selling tables: And at the gate of Christ iania boutiques
sell mari~uana pipes and matches in boxes that demand freedom for mari3uana
and encourage the growing of hemp.
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The police make occasional r~ids into Christiania and arrest the most active
ones, but mostly they close their eyes to the marijuana tr.ade. "We have to
choose whether to go after them or the heroin dealers. I am concentrating
on the big dealers and leaving the others alone," says commissioner Gaugin.
Dozens of Finns Involved
"Finland's drug problem is in Denmark," says social trustee Erja Paukkala,
who has been hired by the Finnish government to help Finns who get inCo trou-
ble in Copenhagen.
Howe~rer she claims, as do the Copenhagen police, that the Finns' main proU-
lem is alcohol, not drugs.
According to Erja Paukkala's estimates, there are dozens of Finnish drug users
in Copenhagen. But in the overal.l situation the group is not visible.
In Paukkala's experience, ttlose who get in trouble with groups do not gener-
ally want to go back to Finland. The Danish treatment system has been found
to be much better.
There are Finns living and hiding in Ch~ristiania, but there are also drug
users in Norrebro.
The police arrested 69 Finns for drug offenses last year, but a11 were lit-
tle cases" by Danish standards, buyers of marijuana, who got off with atfine
or a few days in jail.
Erja Paukkala's most frequent client, an unemployed man about 30 years old
who got into trouble because of alcohol, has in fact a very negative atti-
tude toward drugs.
Those who have come to Copenhagen and Christiania for an easy life and to
obtain marijuana are generally disappointed, says Paukkala. "This is not
the rosy place that one might think looking from Finland."
9611
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GREECE
NARCOTICS TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED IN PIRAEUS
Athens AKROPOLIS in Greek 2 Aug 80 p 5
[Article by K. Doukas]
[Text] A large narcotics gang with internatiorial dimensions was broken
up by the Piraeus General Security, which succeeded in seizing 10 kilo-
grams of hashish oil valued at 60,000,000 drachmas.
Another 15 kilograms of hashish oil is possiblg hidden "somewhere in
Attiki," but the arrested criminals are keeping their mouths tightly
sealed.
This involves the greatest amount of hashish pil which has ever been
caught in the hands of smugglers in Greece in the last 20 years.
Nevertheless, this amount is nothing corilpared to the huge cargo of
narcotics which their ship was transporting, whose crew was com,posed of
most of the members of the gang, frotn the captain down to the last seaman.
In fact, initially the motorized vessel "Agia Arina" was transporting 4
tons plus 600 kilograms of processed hashish, but this cargo was lost
following a bogus act of piracy soinewhere between Sikelia and Zakynthos.
In fact, t.hree of the gang's lieutenants deceived their comrades;
following an act of collusion, a phony attack was made on the open sea
from the crew of another ship, which took the 4 1/2 tons of hashish and
left only the hashish oil.
All the Smugglers are Seainen �
The criminals arrested by th'e Piraeus General Security, members of a .
large gang of narcotics traffickers who formed the Greek echelon of an
international syndicate, are the following:
Nik. Giannakopoulos, 36 years old, a seaman; Evang. Giannakopoulos, 35 ~
years old, a marchant marine engineer; Kon. Papaslopoulos, 31 years old,
captain; Dim. Tsanglis, 41 years old, shipping agent; K1. Fronimos, 35
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years old, seaman; A. Pierc~utsakos (or Maselas or Molokhas), 35 years old,
merchant marine engineer; and Vas. Kamenakis, 29 years old, marble-cutter.
The following are evading arrest and are being hunted:
Vas. Makris, 35 years old, seaman; Stavroula Khronopoulou, 36 years old;
Kon. Stathis, other particulars unknown; Kyr. Zandidis, other particulars
unknown; and Tony Nangouzi, a Lebanese from Beirut, other particulars
unknown.
The quantity of 10 kilograms of hashish oil seized represents an amount
of 400 kilograms of processed hashish, and according to the most conser-
vative calculations its value is in excess of 60 million drachmas. ~
How the Gang Was Broken Up
From the beginning of the second week of July, the Piraeus General
Security began receiving reports that someone was going about in "public"
who was looking for a buyer for a large quantity of hashish oil.
Immediately, the Piraeus general police chief, Pan. Moutzouridis, and
the head of General Security, Mikh. Kondros, were called in. They
briefed the able head of the narcotics prosecution service, Dimitris
Vasileiou.
Following the calling in of the detectives of the security police, the
person in question was tracked down and put under surveillance on a
24-hour basis.
His name was Kleanthis Fronimos, who took exceptional se,curity measures
in his meetings with people of the underworld. '
Finally, he was captured with two vials of hashish oil which he carried
with him as samples. He had been given these by Tsanglis �or the _
purpose of finding a buyer.
From that moment began the breaking up of the gang. All the criminals
were found and arrested in the area of Athens-Piraeus, except for Kon.
Papadopoulos, who was arrested in a village near Lamia, where he was
spending the summer with the family of Tsanglis.
The Slow Death Makes a Journey
From the preliminary inquiry which the policemen K. Boulamandis and P.
Stamatogiannis m.ade, the following emerged:
' In the middle of last June, V. Makris along with r1. Giannakopoulos
chartered from Tsanglis the motorized ship "Agia Anna," 700 tons, which
belongs to the company "Jasmine Shipping." It sailed under the flag of -
l
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~
Panama and it had as Captain K. Papadopoulos, as engineer An. Pieroutsak-
os, and as crew V. Kamenakis, K~r, Zandidis, and Evang. Giannakopoulos,
who was in charge of all the others. It departed from Greece and,
towards the end of June, anchored outside the port of Juniye in Lebanon.
After 2 days of waiting off the coast of Juniye, where a few days ear]ier
V. Makris and N. Giannakopoulcs had come in order to make arrangements
with Nangouzi in connection with shipping the 4 1/2 tans of hashish, the
, slow death was loaded on the "Agia Anna." Aside from the 4,600 kilograms
of hashish, packaged in 184 bags, they also loaded on the ship a parcel
, containing an amount specially earmarked for the "doyens" of the syndi-
cate, as well as three cardboard boxes filled with plastic receptacles
which contained 25 kilograms of hashish oi1. After the loading, the
ship set sail for Italy, its final destination being the Netherlands.
The Phony Attack
But for the purposes of keeping the profit from the cargo all to them-
selves, to the detriment of their collaborators, V. t9akris and N. Gianna-
kopoulos made a secret agreement with Papadopoulos. Thus, at a time
which had been predetermined, somewhere between Zakynthos and Sikelia
a sham act of sea piracy was done by Kon. Stathis, known as "the savage."
The phony pirates, boarding another ship, took all the cargo of hashish
except for the hashish oil, since N. Giannakopoulos had given instructions
to hide this and transport it to Piraeus.
- Thus t~e "Agia Anna" returned to Perama, while the organizers of the
phony piracy spread the word about that the cargo was lost.
Hashish Oil in Fire Extinguishers
- The hashish oil, which had been placed within two fire extinguishers on
the ship, arrived safely at Perama and was.transferred to two plastic
demijohns and 8 bottles. Later the empty bottles were found in a bag
which had been hidden in a dry stream bed in the area of Alimos. A
demijohn with 10 kilograms of hashish oil was also found in the joint
bachelor's apartment of Papadopoulos and Tsanglis in Nea Smyrni.
_ During the arrest of Pieroutsakos, within the car which he was driving ,
a pistol was found with 6.35-caliber bullets, while in his house a ~
switchblade knife was discovered.
Of course, the ship "Agia Anna" was seized. The investigation of the
case is continuing and Interpol has been notified as well, because in
~his serious case of narcotics smuggling some top figures in the inter-
natiorial syndicates which engage in transporting narcotics are involved,
since V. Makris and N. Giannakopoulos are counted among such figures.
12114
CSO: 5300
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ITALY
~
; PALERMO PROSECUTOR'S MURDER LINKED TO MAFIA~ DRUGS
Mafia's 79L~th Victim in 3 Years
Paris LE FIGA,RO in French 8 Aug 80 p 20 -
[Article by Baudouin Bollaert)
[ Te:ct ] ~Why didn ~ t he have bodyguards? The agonized
cry of Mrs Costa, wife of the Palermo prose-
cutor who was shot down on Wednesday evening
with five bullets, one in the back of the neck,
came, as such cries always do, too late. Her
husband, who would put up with the presernce
of his "gorillas� only as he drove to court
, of a morning, was already dead~ the Mafia~s
� 794th victim in Sicily and Calabria over the
past 3 years.
Murdered on 25 September 1979 by "honorable company~~ killers,
Ju~ge Terranova used to say, '~Terrorism can never take root in
Sicily, because the Mafia keeps order her~.~~ But like the
"black~~ [fascist] terrorists or the Red [communist~] ones, the
mafiosi kill. They are killing more and more these days. The -
list of "lovely corpses" keeps growing...
The ~~new Mafia'~ has left the image of the o1d godfathers and
~heir codes of honor hanging in the cloakroom. It has been
_ "Americanized~~ and, like the "cosa riostra" oversea~, wields
the '~lupara" (sawed-off shotgun), the revolver, and the subma-
chinegun to liquida~e those wfio get in its way. Its motto is
chillingly simple: "Kill one to educate a liundred."
On the heels of the murder of reporter Mario Francese in January
1979, and that of the provincial secretary of the Christian De-
_ mocrat party, Miche7. Reina, in March of that same year, came
the killings of Commissioner Boris Giuliano (21 July 1979), Judge
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`1'err~anova and police ser~;eant Lenin Mancuso ( L 5 Sept;ember 1y'79
re~~ional president Piersanti Mattarella (6 January 198d) and,
' most recently, Carabinieri Capt Basile only 3 months ago at Mon-
reale.
Gaetano Costa, 64, was Palermo�s public prosecutor for 2 years.
It was a tough assi~nment: one of his predecessors, Pietro Sca- -
glione, was the first off icer of the court to be killed by the
Mafia in Italy. He had just come from laying some flowers on
his wife's grave when the killers gunned him down.
Dr Costa had spent practically all of his adult life in Celtanis-
sotta a middle-sized Sicilian town, where he had won a repu-
tation tor honesty and probity. However, he had been pushing an
investigation in Palermo an inquiry of unprecedented scope
in Sicily into the drug traffic. In the course of that probe
he ordered the arrest of some 50 or more individuals belongizig
to It alo-American clans, f amilies as widely known as the Gam-
binos, the Inzerillos, or the Spatolas.
Apparently, he was working back along the tracks of a powerful
mafioso organization that had its brains in America, its enfor-
cers in Sicily, and some very big financial ~;uns behind it. One
name cited in connection with the latter was Michele Sindona,
now serving time in New York for fraudulent bankruptcy, but who,
not so long ago, was still running the Franklin Nat;ional Bank,
ranked then as the 12th largest bank in the United States.
Sindona had long enjoyed political protection from various quar-
t ers in Ita.1y. In f act, only a few years ago he was using one -
of his f inancial companies to manage Vatican interests. Now we
f ind that as early as 1967 the head of the International Crimi-
nal Police Organization in Washington, Fred J. Douglas, had
written to Criminalpol in Rome for inforrnation about that banker,
then suspected of ties with the drug traffic.
A courageous man and a stubborn one, Gaetano Costa last month
categurically turned down requests from two of his deputies to
a11ow probation for five or six of the 50 people he had arrested,
all. of them with island-wide reputations as "untouchable." Un-
questionably, it was that fir~ruiess that cost him his life. The
"honorable company" does not waste time with "~troublesome" of.fi-
cials.
The drug traffic currently accounts for most of the Mafia~s vo-
lume of business, running far ahead of returns f rom real estate
speculation or the kidnaping industry. The world~s total pro-
duction of opium poppies 1,600 tons is concentrated in
Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan. A thousand tons is used at
home, and the rest is processed into heroin some 60 tons or
so and sold abroad. A third of this merchandise flows through
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Sicily. Since a kilogram of pure heroin goes for $ million
francs, the Mafia's profit is stupendous.
In order to hang onto its assets, and, in short, to defend its
position, the "honorable company" resorts to threats to retaiii
Sicily's economic and social stagnation in a land where, t;u
qaote novelist MichelP Pantaleono, "the wind of the French Re-
volution has never blown." The Mafia makes no bones about buy-
ing the island's most conservative deputies to parliament, when
it does not lend them its aid as campaign managers.
In return, the Mafia of course requires of "its" MPs, known herc
as "pupi vestiti" (puppets in frock coats)~ nothing short of to-
t al "understanding.'~ This is how it maintains its hold, come
hell or high water, over the island. That hold is important in
a lot of ways since, partly out of sentiment, the cult of the
"native land" or the "land of our ancestors~~ (for the Americans )
gives it a very special vantage point.
Palermo today will be in mourning for Dr Costa's funeral. A11
day yesterday telegrams and messages of condolence were pouring
into Sicily. Always the same l~tany, the same windy rhetoric,
the same impotent wrath. Bologna and Palermo, terrorists and
Mafia: the ~two jaws of the torturers~ pincers that are drowning
Italy in its own blood.
Fake Neapolitans and Calabresi
By comparison with the tragic murder of Prosecutor Gaetano Cos~a
yesterday's attack on the Palermo-Naples-Rome mail train might
seem insignificant. Five armed and masked bandits, the guards
overpowered, 68 mailbags containing money, checks, and je~wels
stolen: s.o.p., if you want to be cy~nical about it.
Yet there were some things about that job, pulled off in a few
minutes just as dawn was breaking over Palermo, are a bit more
frightening: first, because the #582 express had pulled out of
Paiermo, and because here again you can discern the hand of the
Mafia in the attack on it. Secondly, because all it took was an
accomplice of the gangsters to pu].1 the airbrake just a stu-
pid move to allow the holdup to take place.
And lastly and most importantly, because just about a month ago
to the day, a similar attack, at a place no more tr:an 60 kilo- "
meters away, had been foiled by a whisker. The bandits that
time decided at the last minute not to go ahead with their plan
when they discovered that the train was carr~ing 50 security cops
(Pubblica Sicurezza) to new assignments.
Even so, the police have their doubts as to the "professional"
behaviar oi y~sterday's~baridits. Nobody has yet come up with an
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I
accural:e estimate of the value of the loot, but i~he investiga-
tors I'ind that, either because the thieves were in a panic or ,
because they were in a hur~ry, ~hey overlooked several bags con- -
taining foreign currency in the mail car. No real Sicilian
mafiosi would have done that. This is why the police are shifi~-
ing the hunt to the trail of the Calabrian "Noranghetta" and the
N~apolitan "Camorra. " Iri a word, they are out now after two
modest groups of "ersatz" members of the "hono~able company.~'
International Drug Ties
Palermo GIORNALE DI SICILIA in Italian 10 Aug 80 pp 1, 10
[Ari~icle by Franco Nicastro]
[Text ] Prosecutor' s m~Lrder Inquiry reaching f ar back.
Prime suspect in ambush slaying missing. Believed
linked with several drug dealers now in prison.Hunt
on in the United,,States, Canada, and South America for
a dozen Ita1o-Americans. Investigators certain
judge was murdered beEause he planned ~to probe
Mafiais banking s~crets.
"Of course the climate has changed, but I can assure you that; the
probe of the Mafia and of drugs will ~o on as before, " says D.A.
Giovanni Falcone. And he adds: "There are, for instance, 12
Italo-American fugitives. We don~t know where they are, but we
- have brought the police of the United States, Canada, and seve-
ral South American countries into the hunt.�
Among them is John Gambino, a cousin of the Spatolas, who is be-
lieved to be the top-1eve1 "brain" behind Michele Sindaona's -
blackmail plans. And there are also a lot of people from the
Inzerill o clan, Joseph Macaluso and Anthony Caruso, Sindona~s
"gorilla," Filippo Ragusa, a producer of "little Italy� shows
and companion of pop-singer Esmeralda Ferrara, who has been ar-
rested in Rome.
Judge Falcone's investigation has become the starting point and
the standard benchmark for inquiries into i;he murder of Chief
Prosecutor Gaetano Costa. Linked with several top men in the
multinational heroin ring is the still un~named person who was
seen several times in the neighborhood of Costa's house a few
3ay~ prior to the murder. In the pitifully thin file of the in-
quiry this man for the time being is the only solid brick; the
least muddled trail the investigators have t~ follow, particularly
since they are also requi:~ed to keep up with their everyday paper-
work.
The police know the man~s name. They have looked for him at his
house, but have not found him. He was approached by a police
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cruiser o..z Via Carella near the prosecutor ~ s res:i.dence, and told
the police he was waiting for his wife; she failed to show up.
People are wondering now why that incident failed to trigger an
alarm bell as to the danger the prosecutor incurred, particularly -
just as his investigation was giving signs of a quantum leap for-
ward.
There ~ s no doubt about it now. Just 2 days before he was slain,
Costa had set up a sensational and unprecedented glan with the
district a~torn~y~ s officet to ask the governors of the Bank of
Italy to conduct a special audit of the banks operating in Sicily.
"The investigation is reaching higher,~' was the word around city
hali no more than a week ago, alluding as we can see all too
clearly now to the request, for some deep digging into the
books of the Sicilian lendin~ institutions, with the unconcealed
aim of piecing� together the thick spiderweb of intrigue, of deals,
and of interests woven over the years by the Mafia.
Is it just a coincidence that Costa was ambushed and slain just
2 days after his office got in touch with the Bank of Italy?
The facts would seem to indicatc. that the inquiry was about to
start out on a hot trail. It is in fact the banks the big
ones, the little ones, the middle-sized or~es, both public and
private that are the Mafiaf s real "sanctuaries,'~ the most
inacc essible custodians of Palermo t s mysteries. Anybody who ven-
t;ures to stick his nose into the secrets they guard is very like-
ly to pay for it with his life.
So it was that Boris Giuliano, a highly skilled cop who grew up
in American schools, was killed onee he had started to look behind
the tellers' windows for tlie channels through which rushed the
flaQd o~ dollars from America which marked the homeward trail for
the p roceeds from drug sales. Then there was Carabinieri Capt
Emanuele Basile, brought dowr~ by the killers when, following up
on Giuliano ~ s work, he begari. snif f ing around the banks again to
pick up the trail of the Altofonte Mafia family which had ties
with Leoluca I3agarella, who had cut himself a fairly hefty slice -
o� the heroin racket .
Did the prosecutor keep the same tragic appointment, then? The
f act is that by the time it happened, the operational working of
the association had been brought to light and the inquiry was
s~ift ing into higher gear to go beyond the lower levels, even
though it had already chalked up a respectahle record there. To
stick with mere inside accomplices and rank-and-file penetration,
two officials had already been nabbed. Cooling his heels in
prison right now, in addition to Francesco Coco, deputy director
of branch 14 of tr~e Casaa di Risparmio (S and L) which had laun-
dered 240 million lire, is Antonio Gaudesi, an employee of the
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Monrea~Lc Cas~a Ku.ralc~, }?~~:Ld on cliar~~;~es of' some compromi5.in~~
phone ca:l..Ls iii cocic~. 13uL at that time tht~ ~;�oal was di!'f'creiit.,
and the prosecul;ors werc~ a.iming at the whole archipelag~o of the
banks, the bi~;~ ones, oL-' course, but rnainly the little ones which
have experiencc:;cl unp~aralleled grotivth in Sic:ily.
In the investigations of the drug traffic, much attention has
focussed, for~ instance, on Salva~ore Lo Nigro, who is president;
of the Altofonte Crafts and Country Fund.
The picture that was ~~bout to be unveiled is very broad. Every
private lending ins~titution is backed by a political group, a
money mogul who can actizate a very tightly spun web of interes~ts.
Getting a loolc inside this world, through the auditing ~gencies
of the Bank of Italy, means getting over the stockade of banking
secrecy and opening a chink in the coffers that hide the mys-
teries of laundering and of a whole lot of overnight fortunes
that have taken on enormous importance in Sicilian politics and
economics. Meanwhile, there is a relati.onship of mutual depen-
dence and influence with the Regional government, which is the
only body empowered to authorize the opening of new banks. And
by some odd coincidence, the proliferation of new banks and bran-
ches turns out to be concentrated al1 but exclusively in western
Sicily, particularly in Trapani province, which is second only
to Milan in the volume of its bank. deposits. In economics this
means idle funds producing no wealth; but when you look at it
through a policeman~s eyes, the concentration of so much liqui-
dity takes on an altogether different aspect: it could mean that
there is a flow of money being steered into Trapani, and that
noboc~y knows anything about where it is coming from.
This, too, is one aspect the investigation was planning to clear
up with the help of the Bank of Italy's auditors, who are bound
to report to the police anything that smacks of '~unlawful trans-
fer."
At this point it, is not hard to guess what embarrassin~ truths
the Mafia~s '~sanctuarie"" were about ~to let out, or what pande-
monium would have resul.t.ed from an on-site audit in the constel-
lation of Sicilian lending institutes. And that prospect, it
seems increasingly likely, is what brought Costa his death sen-
tence, executed on the same street where Giuliano and Basile had
been gunned down before h:im.
Further Details, Background
- Palerm~ GIORN~'~LE DI SICILIA in Italian 10 Aug 80 pp 1, 10
~Ar~icle by Giuseppe Sot{~i1e,]
~ [Text] The banks, the Mafia, and politics form a sinister trio.
When it was learned that Caetano Costa, 'l days before he was ~
slain, had asked for an audit to dig into the arcane sanctuaries
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of Sicily~s lending institutions, one judge's comment wa-s: "He
was a man of intuition."
That the murdered prosecutor was indeed a man of intuition there
is no doubt: the tenacity with which he set out to track down
the big drug traffickers is evidence of that. But today, in the
light of what has come out, it is probably worth while to 1et the
record show that Gaetano Costa had more than a noddi.ng acqu~in-
tance with the mysteries of banking. He knew, and r~ad known for
almost $ years, what plots and intrigues lay hidden in the steel-
plated vaults and safety deposit boxes. And he also knew, from
long experience,' that the seamless weld between the filthiest
i~ackets and the most legitimate businesses was often made behind
the respectable facade of a teller~s window.
Costa first crossed swords with the infamous tr~.o in September of
19 75 w~ile he was still dist rict at+,orney in Caltanissetta. At
Mussomeli, the untouchable fiefdom of Genco Russo, there was a
Cassa Rurale the San Giuseppe; and behind that tiny bank was
a+ bottomless pit in which $ billion lire and perhaps a few human
lives wound up. '
The San Giuseppe was owned by a Christian Democrat politician
who had a great d~al of power, one Vincenzo Noto~ who for years
had bee~ mayor of Mussomeli and for his whole lifetime had been
a f riend of Genco Russo. Before his advent, the little bank had
been run by two fine priests, who were both honest and scrupu-
lausly careful. When Costa turned his inquisitorial eyes onto
the bank~s books, the two priests were no longer there to pro-
tect the interests of thousands and thousands of small depositors;
Fat her Canalella had died in a railroad tunnel, the victim d� a
biz arre accident, while Father Cala had fallen to his death from
- the skylight of the Cassa, apparently in an attempt to dodge
snowballs which s~me boys, just in fun, were tossing at him.
Costa didn~t give up, either in the face of difficulties or in
the face of the fear tha~ even now grips Mussomeli when someone
pronounces certain names. He called for an audit by the Bank of
It aly, and brought to light a spider~s web o~ complicity which
was, to say the least, surprising: the 5 billion had been mani-
pul ated by Vincenzo Noto to finance friends and relatives, almost
all of them involved in the shady and lucrative business of con-
tracting on government construction projects.
For the San Giuseppe, it was ruin~ and for '~Iussomeli it was an
earthquake. The bank~s board of directors was dissolved and a
commissioner f rom the board of auditors arrived. Vincenzo Noto
was arrested and wound up in Malaspina prison, along with Natale
Cicero, director of the little bank, and the cashier, Giuseppe Di
Liberto, nephPw and godson of Counsellor Noto. These ~two cl~imed
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later~ on, in prison, i;hat ttiey had merel3~ been obeying specific
orders from the president, and they they had never had an inkling
of his manipulations.
If we bear in mind the terrible events of the last f ew days, we
can legitimately surmise that Gaetano Costa was ~planning to push `
~head toward some very different conspiracies along the same road. ~
His long stay in Caltanissetta had put him in the thick of the
San Giuseppe scandal in Mussomeli, that of the "Don Bosco" in
San Cataldo, and of the Campof ranco branch of the Bank ~f Sicily.
His short stay in Palermo had led him to far slimier quagmires:
into the pockets of the boss Cristina, murdered on Via Leo-
nardo da Vinci, where he found checks that led back to strange -
accounts oponed in strange b~nks; the Spatolas led him ~;o Sin-
dona, and Sindona is a living reliquary of high finance;, the
Mafia, and politics. A little m~re digg~ing into the affairs oi'
the Palermo boss brought up the name of Francesco Lo Coco, a re-
lative of the Bontade family, who was forced to quit his job at
a branch of the Cassa di Risparmio, where he was deputy director
and chief cashier, for the less salubrious c:onfines of the Ucciar-
done prison; he dug into another Cassa di Risparmio branch and
unearthed 800 million lire on deposit in the name of another boss;
he probed into tl~e many slayings in Altofonte, and Salvatore Lo
Nigro, president of another small bank, wound up behind bars.
Too much of circumstance, too many coincidences. To call for an
audit to get a look behind the safe doors was ~the least Costa
could have done, even though simply doing that carried with it
a terrible risk.
Behind the San Giuseppe bank in Mussoneli stood Vincenzo Noto, a
powerful man, no ques~ion about that, but a sma11 fish, a pea-
sant-scale catch. Behind the Don Bosco in San Cataldo lurked
Michele Andaloro, another provincial proconsul. But back of a
scarcely much bigger. bank in Marsal~ was no less a man than
Mariano Licari, a man whose standing in the Maf ia has f or years
given fits and spaams to the courts of half of Italy. Who would
Costa have found behind i,he banks ir.~ whose coffers the dirty
billions from the drug traffic and the.clean billions of big
business blend into an anonymous amalgam?
Any answer we might come up with today would be mere guesswoY~k.
One thing is certain, though: it cannot be a matter of sma11
banks. And it is equally certain that behind it all there must
perforce be the really big fish.
6182 -
cso: 5300 ,
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- ITAI,Y
MAFIA ?sEAVES TRAIL OF DRUG-RELATED MURDERS IN SICILY
Boris Giuliano Investigation Continues
Palermo GIORNALE DI SICILIA in Italian 20 Jul 80 p 6
[Article by Daniele Billitteri]
[Text] Murdered a year ago, Boris Giuliano left clues
to his own murder behind hira. The chief of the
flying squad had laid the groundwork for three
major investigations aimed at as many Mafia
gangs: activities of all three are now seen
as underlying the murder.
He had guessed that in ~odayts Mafia there is no schism~ but only
pervasive wnity aroung the hugc~ drug traffic pie. He had also
caught on which route drugs took, the �ay the profits were recy-
cled and laundered before being invested in cover businesses
above suspicion. They got hira just as he was preparing to har-
vest the firs+; fruits of months of toil, and tomorrow marks the
first anniversary of his death at the hands of a lone assassin
on the morning of 21 Ju~.;- 1979. On that day, on Via Di B1asi,
six pistol shots cut off the life of Giorgio Boris Giuliano,
chief of the Palermo flying squad.
The record of a year's investigations needs sorae explanation.
Were we to conf ine ourselvea strictly to developments in the
Giuliano "case,'~ the results would seem paltry indeed. There is
only a sing3e report of his death, which contains only a descrip-
tion of the M.,O o, and of possibTe ~~circles~~ in which an int~esti-
" gation might prove fruitful,insofar as motive was concerned.
And yet, in police circ les there is no secret surrounding the
fact that the only missing pieces in the mosaic of evidence ga-
thered thus far in connection with the killing are the name and
the face of the person who actua~ly pulled the trigger.
Why? Because the "real" investigation into the background of
the Giuliano murder seems actually to be separate from the one
which initially se~med to be running parallel with it. Here we
are talking about what Boris had on his desk at the time he was
killed and which, in recent months, has triggered three separa~te
inquiries whic}z seem highly likely to run together into a major
rs~r,be of the Mafia in 1980: the Mafia of bi~ business, of the
briefcases crammed with drugs and dollars that come and go between
Palermo and New York , of the Mafia "swnmit" meetings in Italian
restaurants in New Jersey, of the fantastic career of Don Michele
Sindona. .
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Be iL noted al: onc:e: t.hat a:11 three o� these :iii~luiri.c~~ w~~i~~:~ I~c;~iui '
'at very short intervals fi�om one another. The: first was the one
aimed at the Altofonte cosca [band], with Liggio locum tenens
Leoluca Bargarella at its head; Giuliano was the first to cast
an inquiring eye on ~his cosca; when he was killed, it fell to
Carabiniere Capt Emanuele Basile, who was also murdered.
This was the gar~g that scurried out, one might say, from the den
on Via Pecori Giraldi, which Giuliano sniff ed out on ~ July 1979,
and where he and his men found drugs kilos of heroin)~ evi-
dence of two murders, and snapshots of Leoluca Bagarella, who
was then a wanted Fugitive.
The second probe conpleted its first phase just after Capt Ba-
sile~s murder last May, and centered on some ~0 individuals (al-
most all of them arrested) ~belonging to Mafia clans in the Passo
di Rigano area: the Di Maggios, the Spatolas, and the Inzerillo
"families." ~This was the investigation that overlapped most �re-
quently with the one the Roman prosecutors were running in con-
nection with Sindona's machinations, since a great many of those
concerned were involved with both operations.
The last one had to do with the clan headed by Gaetano Badala-
menti, then boss of Carini, and also included the names of
Giovanni Bontade, one of the biggest names in Guadagna.
For all of them, the charge is international dealing in drugs
along the New York-Palermo "line," with an obligatory stop at
Punta Raisi airport. These are, for the time being, three se-
parate investigations, as we said, but they are well on the wa,y
to a merger in view of the connections that keep popping up.
The latest is a bank o�ficial whose name f igures both in the
very f at file on Spatola et al.and in the one on Badalamenti and
Bontade: Francesco Lo Coco, o� branch 14 of the Cassa di Ris-
parmio, for whose arrest a warrant was issued just the other day
by the prosecutor working on Spatola and company.
Why is all this seen as the trigger for Giuliano's murder? To
. understand that, we have to look back a way, to 28 June 1978.
On that day, on Via Leonardo da Vinci, in the very heart of the
Spatola-Inzerillo--Di Maggio clan's turf, they killecl Giuseppe
Di Cristina, boss of Riesi. On his body were found checks f or
10 million lire apiece, made out to straw men. The first clue
Boris Giuliano had as to what was actually going on came from
the probe into the Di Cristina murder. He realized then that
those checks must be a way to change UoS. dollars from the drug
traffic into Italian lire. It was a lucky flash of insight,
one destined very soon to become an investigative f act.
In October of that same year Giuliano got a note from his Ame-
rican friends in the DEA, the �ederal governmentts anti-narco-
tics agency. They informed him that recycled or laundered money
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was being deposited in several Palermo banks, as a kind of "r~c-
mittance" like what emigrants send back home, in the form of'
travelers' checks.
The chief of the mobile squad began his investigations, bring-
ing his entire staff into them, as he always did, and di~�iding
the work with his colleagues.
That was how they found out that two accounts had been opened at
branch 14 of the Cassa di Risparmio, one in the name of '~Fran-
cesco Giglio," containing $300,000, more than 250 million lir`.
Tliose dollars stank of drugs, and officers interrogated one bank
official, that same Francesco Lo Coco who now seems to be a ke,y
that may open a lot of doors. But Lo Coco, above suspicion,
gave a description of the mysterious (and probably non-existent)
depositor, and said he was willing to tip off the police the
moment he came into the bank for any business. Five months went
by without anyone~s showing up, but Giuliano and his colleagues
were certainly not sitting on their thumbs.
The investigation r?ad been mapped out and divided into three ma-
jor sectors: the mysterious "remittances," the seizure of seve-
ral drug shipments in New York ~hat had been sent from Punta
Raisi, and the story of Di Cristina as evidence of the existence
- of a highly complex and very we11 organized systera.
By the beginning of May Giuliano already had a lot of material
to work on, sa much that he put together a report that could,
according to the investigators, have provided grounds for issu-
' ance of an arrest warrant. The court asY~ed for further inves-
tigations, though, and specifically asked that those allegedly
responsible for the strange movements of money be asked for an
accounting and explanation of their behavior.
Those were the days during which such awesome figures as Gaetano
Badalamenti and Giovanni. Bont ade reported to the Cairoli, there
to submit to interrogation for ~'summary evidential testimony."
At thi.s point, therefore, the investigators~ action perforce
became more open, and by now almost a1~. the cards were on the
table. Not quite all of them, though.
On 19 June at Punta Raisi police seized a suitcase cr:~mmed with
dollars, and on 7 July they found the h:ideout on Via 1'ecori
Giraldi. Those were the missing cards needed to complete the
mosaic. And 13 days later, Giuliano was killed.
But if the scope of the case was indeed what we have talked about,
why kill Giuliano? There are those who feel that, on this score,
the Mafia committed an irret rievable blunder. Nobody could have
thought that Giuliano was the only one who knew about the inves-
tigations, because they had been conducted jointly. Nor could
anybody be likely to believe he could intimidate the entire
flying squad, in view of the fact that, quite apart from the
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unquestioned professional and moral determination of.' ever~y ocie
of them to si;ay on the job, it was a forPgone conclusion that
the operation would pick up exactly where Giuliano and his men
had brought it .
Furthermore, the faci, that the investigations have not hal.ted is
demanstrated by the results they have produced and which, ac-
cording to the investigators, have at least provided material
evidence of the motives behind the murder. At this point, they
claim, all that is missing is a name, just one name.
This, however, seems to be the hardest part of all. Only when
they find that name, though, will Boris Giuliano, po:;,thumous
gold medal notwithstanding, get justice at last.
_ Giuliano Investigation: Further Details
_ Palermo GIORNALE DI SICILTA in Italian 20 Jul 80 p 6
[Text] The ~'business� Mafia got him first.
That is no paradox. The ,765 that on 21 July of last year, in
that little bar on Via Francesco Paolo Di B1asi, killed Deputy
Police Chief Boris Giuliano actually proved his case. And not
just because the message conveyed by those eight shots fired at
him confirmed his status as a policeman too curious about the
Mafia~ s new strategies~ but also because it proved the sound-
ness of the theory Giuliano had put together in his investiga-
tive work: the Mafiats new plan he used to say does not
allow splits; rivalries and quarrels, in view of the enormous
scope of interests stemming from the dr~a.g traffic and the in-
vestment of the laundered profits in public works contracts,
have simply disappeared.
The alliance among the scores of Mafia cosche, a year later, is
one of the most interesting chapters in the swee~ing investi-
gatior~s tha~t started with the murder of Boris Giuliano (this
aspeci; is explained in the article next to this one). But it
is certain that this alliance has been demonstrated once and
for a11 by the growing and frightening chain of murders in the
past few years. Had therc been any protest at the decision to
kill without regard any longer for uniforms, positions, or po-
wer within the ranks of the Mafia, there would have been war to
the knife between cosche, and that forthwith. But instead of
that, the new unanimity made it possible, for instance, to kill
the head of the police flying squad and Judge Terranova, and to
go on from there to eliminate no less a personage than Sicilian
Regional President Piersanti Mattarella. As an unforeseen but
significant appendage to those slayings cante the killing of
Capt Emanuele Basile, commandant of the Monreale Carabiniere
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darr�isan in one of L-he most important areas in the oeography
of organized cri.me.
Boris Giuliano, iri a way, was at t he top of the hit list. To
put it more clearly, his was the murder that, more than any
other, spelled out in no uncertain terms the ruthless and ele-
mentary ~actics of Ma�ia crime. Killing Giuliano meant gei,ting
rid of a bothersome adversary; he had to be removed befor~ his
continual probing made him a real threat.
It may be too early to say whether or not that objective was
achieved. After all, the work Giuliano did has been pushed
ahead all this year by his colleagues on one side and by the
Carabinieri on the other. Their work seems to be.leading to
proof pasitive that Giuliano's theories were right on the money.
Even so, to say that his murder did not somehow adversely affect
investigations of the drug traffic, of construction contracts, _
and of the money lai.i.ndering process is perhaps to go too far.
At least, we shall have to wait to see the end and the results
of all this investigative digging.
The more so in that whoever fired that gun a year ago in that
bar (and be it remembered in this connection that the inquiry
into that particular murder has been stalled for months) knew
- he could count on one effect of his action for sure: it would
intimidate everybody.
There is no doubt that in S~cily today all political formulas,
all economic investments, and in a way the everyday lives of
all citizens are inescapably affected, one way or another, by
the wave of killings that have reached into places hitherto
sacrosanet. The murders of policemen~ judges, journalists, and
politicians stand to show that Mafia pressures and Mafia pre-
sence are at work in every sector~ making it clear to all and
sundry that it is a11 right to do one's duty up to a point.
As of today, the state has given no response to the organized
crime invasion, which has already taken over some footholds in
the fortress of high finance (Sindona's name leaps to mind).
For a year naw there have been idle promises flapping around
as to the implementation, at long last, of the recommendations
of the anti-Mafia commission. The talk is not terribly credible,
if one stops to remember that the anti-Mafia recommendations
_ hawe been gathering dust in the files for 4 years~ and giving
weight, as they slumber, to the '~Mafia = power" equation.
Boris Giuliano understood that the trail of the drug traffic led
to the banks, to construction contracting, and to the hitherto
unimpeachable purlieus ~f finance. A year ago they killed him.
A year later, we find o~a.rselves recording other names alongside
his.
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Fsmeralda Ferrara Investigation lletails
Palermo GiORNALE DI SICILIA i~~ I~alian 26 Jul 80 n 6
[Text j Singer still lield in Rome. Bank account;s show
interwoven trail of Mafia ancl narcotics. Unex-
pected results from audit of lending institu-
tions. ~smeralda Ferrara sees her gynecolo- -
gi st . ,
Plans to transfer pop singer Esmeralda Ferrara to the women's
, prison run by the Benedictine nuns here after her arrest in
Rome during the latest anti-narcotics sweep have been dropped
for the moment. The magistrate conducting the inquiry, Prose-
cutor Giovanni Falcone, has decided to send the girl, now in
her 6th month of pregnancy, to see a gynecologist. The doctor
wi11 decide whether or not Esmeralda is we11 enough to undertake
so lengthy a journey without danger.
Should medic al prudence bar ~smeralda ~ ~ transf er to Palermo,
where she was to b~ interrogated, the prosecutor will have to
change his plans and go to Rome to see her.
The charges against the singer, arrested in Rome by the Trea-
sury Guards on ;~er return from a tour of Tuscany, are based on
evidence gathered over several months of inquiry. The young
woman came into the investigation- by way of her relationship
_ with Filippo Ragusa, with whom she has sentimental ties, and
with the Adamit~ brothers, Domenico, Emanuele, and Antonio, a11
four oF them believed to be heavily involved in the international
_ narcotics traff.ic. Ragusa is a fugitive, but the Adamiti bro-
thers were arrested back in March after the discovery of 40
kilos of heroin on its way to the United States.
The heroin had been shipped in cartons 1