JPRS ID: 10484 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000500050060-5
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 35
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 10484
28 April 1982
Ne~r East North Africa Re ort
p
CFOUO 18/82)
FBIS FOREIC,N BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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~ Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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JPRS L/10484
28 ~1pri1 1982
~ NEAt~ EAST/NORTH AFRIC~? REPO~T
' c~avo is/sa~
CONTENTS
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
Klibi Comments on Divisione in Arab World
(Chedli Klibi Interview; LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR,
13-19 Mar 82) 1
Arab League's Klibi on Fahd Plan, Sinai Pullout
(Chedli Klibi Interview; LA STAMPA, 23 Mar 82) 4
ALGERIA
Aftermath of Legislative Elections Analyzed
(AL-WATAN AL-'ARABI, 12-18 Mar 82) 6
i Rabah Bitat Heads APN Again
(AFRIQUE-ASIE, 29 Mar-11 Apr 82) ~ 12
f IRAN ~
~
~ Popularity, Fragility of Revolution Contrasted .
(Amal Naccache; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 10 Feb 82) 13
Regime's Faults Explained, Understanding Asked
- (Hamza Kaidi; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 10 Feb 82) 16
ISRAEL
Anonymous Palestinian Offers Peace Proposal
_ (NEW OUTL~OK, Mar 82) 19
MOROCCO
Marathon Chess Game Pite King Againat TJSFP
~(AFRIQUE-ASIE, 29 Mar 82) 21
d
Article Outlines 1982 General Budget
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 5 Mar 82) 26
;
- a- [III - NE & A- 121 FOUO]
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SUDAN
Schools Reopen But Social Situation Remains Tense
(MARCHES TROt'ICAUX ET MED~T:RRANEENS, 19 Feb 82) 29
Decline in Oilseed Exports Ascribed to Quality
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDiTERRANEENS, 19 Feb 82) 30
Briefs
Improved Cement Production 31
Port Sudan Generators 31
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INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
!
KLIBI CONIMENTS ON DIVISIONS IN ARAB WORLD
PM191503 Paris LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR in French 13-19 Mar 82 p 38
[Interview with Arab League Secretary General Chedli K}.ibi by Guy Sitbon:
; "The Arab World's Divisions? They Disappear When It Comes to Israel..."
date and place not given]
[Text] LE NOWEL OBSERVATEUR: Is it true that a major wai operation ~s
being planned in Lebanon? This time the Israeli Army is apparently aiming
to finally destroy the Palestinian m3litary apparatus by occupying its
west Beirut bases on behalf of the Christian Phalangists.
C'~edli Klibi: We have received information on that eventuality from several
sources. It would be a large-scale act3on which would enable the Israelis
to permanently occupy southern Lebanon. In the short term they would gain
~ control over the source of the Litani River and they intend to exert more
j direct pressure on Lebanon. Will the United States allow them to do that?
Will the great states watch r,his new violation of international law without
' reacting?
~ L~ NOUVEL OBS.ERVATEUR: How could you resist? The Middle East countries
have never been so divided?
Chedli Klibi: It is necessary to look beyond that appearance. The Arab
world may be divided on the path to follow tiut ic is united on the objectives.
There is no doubt about that. Moreover, every time w` have faced a serious
' test, we have regained our unity and our cohesion. The ferment you mention
is, of course, worrisome. All the Araii leaders are anxiously wondering
~ what must be dor:e to unite our states in the face of Israel. But it should
not be concluded that the Arab world 3.s incapable of reacting. That ~ould
be an erroneous judgment and hence would be dangerous for peace. I tt-~ink
; we are moving toward a period of serious tensior. in the reg3on. Unless
; the countries concerned are suff3ciently vigilant and take the necessary
measures, we are heading for war.
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR: Morocco is using vast resources against the POLISARIO,
~ an Arab movement. Algeria and Libya are sinking fortunes into helping the
j POLISARIO. Libya is channeling all its energies into fighting other A::abs,
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. as in Gafsa. Egypt and Libya have waged war on each other and each is on
guard against the other. In Syria a whole army is fighting the Muslim
Brotherhood. Iraq and Iran are continuing hostilities and are wasting
their strengtti in them. Those are the facts. The words, however, remain
the same: Israel is the enemy. Will you not eventually have to admit
that is a dema.gogic slogan?
Chedli Klibi: Allow me to think that it is rather an exaggeration to say
the Ara.b countries are waging war on each other. Algeria and Morocco are
not at war. In fighting the POLISARIO, Morocco does not f eel it is facing
a state. Tunisia and Libya are not at war. The Gafsa operation did not
bring a direct clash between Tunisia and Libya, These are incidents,
dramatic episodes, of course, but their equivalent can be found almost
anywhere in the world. Care musC be Caken not to make generalizations.
On the contrary, I think these troubles are now being allayed in some
instances. The awareness of a higher stake is prevailir..g over state egoism.
LE NOUVEL OB~ERVAT~UR: Non~theless does not that higher stake, Palestine's
fate, strike you as secondary to the very different challenge of the Arab
world's accession to modernity? The Arabs have been using their energies
in a fruitless enterprise for almost 40 years. Wi.11 it be necessary to
_ fight for decades more; will our great-grandchildren see the end of it?
Chedli Klibi: The Arab worl.d,.too, is being constantly modernized. The
PaZestinian cause is our central concern. It cannot drag on much longer.
L~ NO WEL OBSERVATEUR: More than 4 years have elapsed since the visit to
Jerusal_em and al-Sadat has been killed. Are you revising your verdict?
D~~es Arab opinion not realize that Egypt has indeed recovered the Sinai
by diplomacy where no war had resCored it?
Chedli Klibi: If we were to genera].ize that argument, Syria would have to
follow Egypt's e~.~mple and do the same to win back the Golan Heights....
TE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR: Of course, why not, since it works?
Chedli KLibi: If they did that, what wo uld remain of the Palestinian cause?
, If everybod; takes back his stake, how can the battle be continued? That
is the significance of the Arab front against Zionist aggression and
expansion. The Palestinian problem was the cause of the occupation of
the Sinai and the Golan Heights. So I do not think President al-Sadat's
approach was correct. What he should have done was tackle the central
probl.em. And if you want to avoid serious disturbances, you in the West
stiould also have a clear view and intervene in the right d irect3on.
Real solutions exist.
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR: Is Francois Mitterrand's approach the right one?
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Chedli Klibi: His speech to the Knesset struck me as ambiguous. It is
remarkable that your president has recognized that peace and justice
cannot be handled by proxy. Camp David was a violation of that ru1e.
But I am disappointed that there was no full and complete recogn3.tion
of the PLO and that Mitterrand kept silent on the problems of Jerusalem,
the Golan Heights and so forth.
~ LE NOWEL OBSERVATEUR: Are the Palestiaians now prepared to resign them-
selves to partition?
Chedli Klibi: I think they have decided to accept it. For them the most
important thing is a homeland, a state, a flag. They have had enough of
humiliations, they would really like a home.
LE NOWEL OBSERVATEUR: So what guarantees w311 there be for Israel?
Chedli Klibi: That is the wrong way of posing the question. There is no
question of begging the Palestinian state from Israel.� We have a UN
decision which recognizes that they have that right. It just has to be
implemented. On what territories? On the West Bank, in the Gaza Strip .
and in the Arab part of Jerusalem, Palestine's capital. Contacts between
the two peoples will b egin in Jerusalem and then there will be coopera tion.
The Palesti.nians will then have no desire to wage war on Israel. They will
, be totally absorbed in their development. They will work miracles with
their cadres and Arab capital, as the Israelis have done in the Negev.
i,That about security? All the necessary provisions can be ma.de. Initially
an international force would gua.rantee the two states, pending a better
solution.
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR: Is Egypt's return to the Arab League close?
Chedli Klibi: Close is perhaps not the right word. It is possible.
Pres.ident Mubarak is taking a different tone. He has had the wisdom to
refrain from any attack on the other Arab countries.
LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR: Is Saudi Arabia pressing more for Egypt's return?
Chedli Klibi: Everybody is in favor of it. I do not know.a single country
~ohich does not want it. The whole prob lem is how to bring it about.
COF`IRIGHT: 1982 "Le Nouvel Observateur"
CSO: 4500/148
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~ rvtc urrlt,i~ u~n vivLi
INTIIt-ARAB AFFAIRS
ARAB LEAGUE'S KLIBI ON FAHD PLAN, SINAI PULLOUT
PM140851 Turin LA STAMPA in Italian 23 Mar 82 p 5
[Interview with Arab League Secretary General Chedli Klibi by Igor Man in
Tunis: "On Behalf of 130 Million Arabs date not given]
[Excerpt] [Questi~n] I believe that the first point on the agenda for
the next Arab League Council meeting is the "conflict" between the
United States and Libya....
[Answer] I believe that the present.line pursued by Washington is not
exactly the best, since it is based on erroneous options, the United States
is mistaken if it believes that it can have no friend in the region.other
than Israel. All the Arab peoples, all of them, would ask for nothing better
than to cooperate ~aith the United States, within full trust and dignity,
as long as the United States remains consistent with its principles of
freedom and justice. Washington condemns the invasion of Afghanistan. Very
- good. But what is happening on the West Bank and in Arab Jerusalem? And
what abou~ the suffering of the Arabs living under.Israel?
[QuestionJ But there is a problem, Mr Secretary: Israel feels threatened
with destruction....
[Answer] Nobody wants to destroy Israel. It is a ruse for influencing world
public opinion, particularly in Europe. Israel does not intend to accept a
Palestinian state--not because it fears its own disappearance but purely
and simply because it wants to [as printed] West Bank and Gaza and more
than that, so as to realize Begin's biblical dream of a greater Israel. You
cannot trample a people because Mr Begin wants to realize a biblical dream
that is vaguer than anything. Polit3cs does not consist of dreams. Peace
is built under the b~anner of realism and h3storical honesty.
_ [Question] What are the prospects for the Arab peace plan, known as the
"Fahd plan," fallowing the failure at Fes?
[Answer] The adjournment of that meeting was a wise decision taken by the
king of. Morocco. Since that day the dialogue among the various Arab countries
has continued and gradual progress is being made toward an agreement. This
is my belief, rather than a definite fact, but if the inter-Arab dialogue
continues on the recent wavelength I believe that we could see a resumpt3.on
of the Fes summit before the summer.
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[QuestivnJ Nevertheless ther~ are countr3.es that cannot swallow point
seven of the Fahd plan, which implies the recognition of Israel.
[Answer] Neither Syria nor the PLO nor Iraq rejects point seven, which
ratifies the right of all peoples of the region to live in peace and
security. In any case this is consistent with UN Resolution 242, which
is accepted by al]. the Arab countries. Some problems do arise witn
regard Co implem~nting this pri.nciple in a fairly flexible plan. This is
why Syria, for instance, says that it is not enough to suggest. But
that it is necessary to negotiate.
[Question] One final question: 25 April is approaching. It is a date
to mark, a historic turning point....
[Answ er] For us Arabs it will not be a fateful day. For Egypt, if all goes
well--and we would like to be optimistic--25 April will lead to the libera-
tion of the final portion of its national territory. This is undoubtedly
an important factor. But for all other Arabs it is different: Egypt's
recovery of territory that b elongs to it will take place at the cost of a
policy that has weighed heavi~y, and weighs heavily, on the future of the
Arab nation. A1-Sadat, who is now 3n a bett~r world, paid with expulsion
from the Arab family for having agreed to negotiate ori behalf of the
Palestinians--who did not authorize him to do so--the so-called autonomy,
which is an outrage, a swindle, a tragic fraud. It is not for.that that
ttie Palestinians have been fighting and suffering for years.
The datP 25 April reminds us of disappointments and very profound suffering.
A1-Sadat's big mistake was to pay with his dignity. Now that he is at
rest, above, we are suffering the consequences of his policy. Egypt and
President Mubarak are bearing the brunt of that policy. A trip of Arab
land is returning to its rightful owners, but what about the Golan,
_ Jerusalem, thP tdest Bank and Gaza? And what about the rights of the
Palestinian people, deprived of their land? There is a difficult path ahead
of us, along which we must b e able to depend on Europe's help. We trust in
France's return to consistency and trust in Italy's role: I was encouraged
by my latest meeting with [Italian Fore3gn] Minister Colombo, a man who
tackles problems with an open mind, unselfishly.
COPYRIGHT: 1982 Editrice LA STAMPA S.p.A.
CSO: 4500/148
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; ALGERIA
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~ AFTEftMATH OF LEGISLATIVE ELECTION~ ANALYZED
i Paris AL-WATAN AL-'ARAIII in Arabic No 265,12-18 Mar 82 pp 22-23
[Arricle: "Legislative Elections in Algeria: What Continuity? What Renovation?
The New National Assembly Dedicates a Stage of Doing Business with Lhe Private
Sector That Is More Flexible and More Liberal"]
! [TexC] Legislative elections were held in Algeria under the slogan of "continu-
ity and renovation." The new National Assembly will usher in a itew stage in the
course uf demucratic practi~.e, especially since a large ratio of young people
i and university [graduates] are entering the council for th~ first time. One
uC the most prorrtinent features ~E [this] stage is to be t'.~P flexible and liberal
~ way uf doing business with the private sector.
i Ilundreds ot thousands oi voters went to the polls last week to elect 281 depu-
i ties irom amon~ 843 candidates. These elections had several characteristics
amun~; which were [the following]:
~ 1. Pr.eparations f~or the elections took place under the supervision of the
, Algerian Liberation Front party.
2. Cai~didates were numinated within `~the party and amidst the ranks of.party
ti~;hters. Party structures trom Kasma to the Political Bureau took part in this
~rucess.
The process ot evaluatiiig the candidates did not turn out to be in favor of
those who are considered political supporters of Col Mohamed Saleh Yahyawi, for-
mer executive coordinntar of the ruling Liberation Front party.
4. Ttie Berber Tizi-Ouzou reKion responded coolly to the elections to show its
di~yacisfaction with the candidates. ~
'fhe sLo~;an under which Algeria's tourth legislative electi.ons since independence
~~;~rc hc~Lci was "continuity and renovation." Independent Algeria had its first
;~~~rliament in 1963 during the days ot the provisional government. The parliament
cc~c~ w~~s r~ provisi.onal body that was swept by political struggles. With the with-
irawal of the provisiunal government, parliament disappeared from the political �
sr.ene. During the administration of President Ahmed Ben Bella parliament was
given a prominent position in political life. At that time .ir al-Haj Ben Ila was
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~I~e spe.~ker ai chc N1~ional Assembly and the second ufticial in the Liberation
t~rc,nc p.~ri.y. liuwever, this assembly was nut to last lunger than its predecessor.
One ycar after it was established, it clashed with the men of 19 June, and the
experirnent ended just as the men who had carried it out did: in jail and under
huuse arrest.
Frum 19 June 1965 to 5 March 1977 the Revolutionary Council which was headed
by }iuuari P.oumedienne was the highest power [in the land]: it provided guidaiice;
it enacted leKislation; and it controlled [everything]. Af'ter 12 years the late
president realized that the role ot a legislative~institution was more than
neces5ary to ensure the stabi.lity oE the regime's institutions and to safeguard
thc luture. Algerians then asked Mr Edgar Four, who had been speaker ot the
French partiamen~ E'or many years, for much advice regarding the restoration of
lite tu parliamenl.
~~1 5 Ptarch 1977 a~7ew experiment began, a~id the National People's Assembly was
restored tu political life. That body represents the highest of people's assem-
bLie~ that are elected. :n an address to the nation delivered by then President
liouari I3uumedienne from the podium of the National People's Assembly, the presi-
dcnt said, "The installatio?~ of the National People's Assembly is a political
event in a cuunr_rv ttiat abounds with political events. It is one day in the life
ot a nat ioi~ w!-~ ich 'e-;ch one of us f eel s is a s ignif icant moment not because it
wa5 nuc expected--fur it was included in the preambte to tne 19 June Declara-
' tion--but because it represents within the same course the culmination ot the
n~tional ef(ort. At the same ti.me it marks the beginning of a new revolutionary
Spirit."
'Che tirst action unclertaken by the National People's Assembly i.n its first preli-
minary session was tu ~~rganize the assembly and Lo enact a law that wuuld govern
c.he o~~er.~~i.ans uE its agencies. The second session dealt with the state's mono- '
puly ut fureigi~ trade. The 1978 spring session was truly considered the session
of ~he Keneral basi.c law for workers' righCs, while the fall session of the same
year was confi~:ed to [co�sideration of] the financial law and the budget, which
is considerecl the subject ul every fall session.
'I'I~e 1977 ta1L sessioii was tht tirst actual session in which the National
Y~uple's Assembly began to pursue its legislative function after having estab-
lished its foundations and devised the legislative framework for its actions in
r_.he tirst session.
"I'I~e F'inance I,aw was considereci the iirst bill presented to the Assembly. It
suu~;ht cu ~rhievc these abjectives:
1. 'Cc, f i~;ht al1 speculat ions that ai'fecC prices.
2. Tu duuble the mubil;zation ut avaitable resources and especially to i.ncrease
5~iv i i~~;5 .
3. Tu exercise stern contrul ovcr operati.ons in the nation's various means and
c..ip~~bilities.
Durin~; thc same session thc Assembly, also considered the state's forei.gn trade
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m:,n~puly 1aw. The Assembly ratified the law, thereby establishing two principles:
I� Th~ stat~'s munupuly of forei~n trade; and
' 2. The elimiiiacion of middlemen in foreign trade operations.
i
; '~Jhere Are the SONATRACH Dollars?
tiriefly the National People's Assembly held nine regular meetings during its
Eirst. le~islati've session. These meetings were preceded by a preliminary one.
' Aii emergency meeting was alsu held at the request of two thirds of the members
uf the Assembly. It was devoted to the subject of Algerian emigration to Fra?~ce.
Whe� Presi.dent Houari Boumedienne was dying the assembly met in an emergency
session to establish [he fact that the president's positi~n was vacant and to -
~p~oint Mr Rabah Bitat, speaker of the National People's Assembly President
tur 40 days as stipul~~ted by the cunsti~ution.
DurinK ~hat le~;islative periu~l--from 5 March 1977 to S March 1982--178 motions
werc~ macte in che Assembly by Che secre[aries ofi permanent commietees; 7,263
motions werc mad~ by assembly members; and there were 1,766 roll calls about
v~irious points that t`~e assembly ha:1 dealt with. Also 1,798 amendments were
approved: 105 ot tl~em were made by the government; 654 were introduced by
Assembly members; and 939 were introduced by the committees that are responsible
fur such matters. This is i.n additi.on to the amendments and the motions that
were made ac the last sessiun.
- Durin~ the prcvious legislative term members of parliament asked members of
the kovernment 123 questions: 103 of these questions were directed to 22 members
ol ~;uvernment. Cuvernment responded to 95 of those questions before the deadline
sc~t by ~he constitution in most cases, and 8 questions remained ~nanswered.
I~~,r~i~~}; che legislative ~erm the assembly formed a commi;.tee to investigate the
St~NA�rRncit A~;reement with [he U.S. EI Paso Company. Serious charges had been
/ ma.le ..3~;ai ~~s[ Pir. Si~~d Ahmed Chazal i, former minister ot energy who washed his
;~anrls ot the char;es against hi.m and of responsibility for the agreement in
_ ,3 hulletin he distributed to members of the Central Committee. This action pro-
~;oked President Chadli Benjedid, so he relieved him of his duties as minister
~ind then suspended him from the Central Committee. He also suspended his "god-
:,i~hei rlbdessalam Iielaid irom the Central Committee. The Central Committee
.~ske~1 k~oth oi them "to return all party and state property and ducuments" which
they had in their possessioii.
- i)urinr; the court i~ivestigatioi~ astounding information about the agreement, which
w:+s nei.ther equitable nur fair, was revealed. It turned out _r.hat scores of mil-
liuns ut clollars had been turned over. to numerous Algerian officials so they can
t~~pruve the agreement i~i 1969. s
is known that Mr Abdessalam 13elaid was the o~ie in charge ot Al~eria's oil .
i%c~i icy durin~; that peri.oci. He had sE,ecial ties with the United States of America
with whom Algeria signed the lar~e gas deal for a period of 25 years.
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FaR orF~c~ns. us~ orvq.v
Ucspite ~he earnes~ness of the investi~;ative commiCtee, which was Eormed by the
N.~tiunal People's Assembly to investip,ate the gas dea1, those who were impli-
~~~~t~~;l in ii~e cteal un the hihhest levels were not unequivocally condemned. At
u~ie ut the Assembly's closed meetin};s which were held to discuss the dea1, Mr
(Roualam fien Hamouda), who was then minister oE the interior, took out a recor-
~lin~; devic~ from his pocker. and told members of the Assembly, "Everything is
i~ere i,n tape."
Nu onc~ ye~ knows what is on the tape because none of those present asked to
listen to it, an~1 this cuncluded the file.
Frum Where I) i d Y~~u Get 'Ch i s?
Atter this committee the Nati.ona? Peaple's ~ssembly brought up the question of
oversi~;ht tur discussi.on, and it presented Cor consideratian the question, "From
whe~e ui.d you ~eC this?"
iiurin~; the 1979 tall. se5siun c.he Assembly submitted three texts tor discussion.
Thr. tirst had to c1o wi.Ch the over.si.ght practiced by the National People's
~~ssemhly.
'1'hcr secun~l h~~cl ti~ dc~ with the oversight practiced by the Accounting Council; and
~he rhir;l tiad to i1o wi.th the over.si;ht practiced by the Financial I~ispection
Otticc~. Huwever, the latter text was withdrawn at the last minute.
When wa5 ~.~ppr~ve~.i the Natio�a1 People's Assembly Oversight Law included 42
r~rLiclc~5 r~ccording which the purpose uf the oversight that was to be prac-
~iced hy the Assembly was to ascertain--just Like other nati.onal instituCions--
~h,it r~~spc~nsibilities were beinK mc~t; that decisions wer.e being implemented;
~h~it ~I~e nacion