JPRS ID: 8401 TRANSLATIONS ON EASTERN EUROPE SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 37
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-R~P82-00850R000'100040037-6
~ ~

i6 APRIL i979 CFOUO 2l?~~ i OF i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-4Q850R000100044Q37-6
- I-l1K UI-I-1l;lAL US~ UNLY
~pns r~/aaoi
16 Apri~ 1979
~
~ TRANSLATIONS ON EASTERN EUROPE
$CIENTIFIC AFFAIRS ~ ~ ~
(FOUO 2/79)
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH ~ERVICE _
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
NOTE
JPRS publicationa conCain information primarily from foreign ~
newapaper~, per.iodicals and booka, but also from news Agency
tranamisaiona and broadcaete, Materiala from foreign-language
soutces are tranalared; Choae from Englieh-language sourcea
are Cranacribed or reprinred, with Che original phrasing and
- other characterietics rer.ained,
Headlinea, editorial reporre, and material encloaed in bracketa
[J are aupplied by JPRS, Procesaing indicatora such as [TextJ
or (Excerptj in the firat line of each item~ or following the
le~-,t line of a brief, indicate how the original informaCion was
procesaed. Where no proceseing ind:cator ia given, the inf.or-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar nemes rendered phonetically or transliterated are
encloaed in parentheses. Words or namea preceded by a quea-
tion mark and encloaed in parenCheaea were not clear in the
original but havc, been aupplied asappropriate in contgxt.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within itema~~a.re as
given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. GovernmenC.
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY.
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
F'OR OF~'ICTAL USE ONLY
' , JPRS L/8401
1.6 April ~9 79
TRANSLATIONS 0~1 EASTERN EUROPE _
$CIEN'tIFIC AFFAIRS ~
~ (FOUO 2/?9)
CONTENTS PAGE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Minicomputer Production in Socialist Countries Surveyed
(Jiri Caka; AUTOMATIZACE, No 11, 1978) 1
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Problems Related to Transfusi,ons Topic of Hematology Symposium
(CASOPIS LEKARU CESICYCH, b Oct 78) 1l~
' ?
- a - [III - EE - 65 POUO]
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
_ ~ � 1~'Ok OI~~'ICIAI, US~ ONLY
INTERNATIONAL AFrAIRS
~ ~
MINICOMPUTER PRODUCTION IN SOCIALIST COUNTRIES SURVEY~D
Prague AUTOMATIZACE in Czech No 11, 1978 pp 285-289
(Article by Jiri Caka, M~.nietry of Metallurgy and Heavy Engineering in
Prague: "The Significance of International Cooperation of Socialiat
Countries in Che Joint Program of MinicompuCers of Che SMEP Series"]
('Text] The natural reE;ilt of succesaful cooperation within the framewor�k
of the Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation of Socialist Countriea
concerning the Uniform Syetem of Electrenic Computers (JSEP) was that it
was neceaeary to create a aecond branch of computer engineering--emall
~ computers and~'minicomputera. This ~oint approach was made also because
the number of the users in all participating countriea was so large that
each country deaigned and produced its own control computer in the syaCem
of minicomputers. This method of individual planning prior to the initia-
tion of the ~oint work on Che SMEP [uniform series of minicomputera] was
dissipating greatly the reaearch and development forces and could not pro-
vide for muCual uae of either their own processora or of a wide ~tasortment '
� of accesaories. The situation was aimilar in programming means.
In a~oint analysis prior Co the decision creating a uniform series of
minicomputera (SMEP), it was also necessary to Cake into consideration the
fact that in capitalist countries during recent years the number of dif-
ferent types of minicomputer systems and the number of their applications
in all induatrial and nonindustrial areae have kept increasing very rap-
idly, because theae systeme resulted in high production efficiency.
In the socialist bloc countries which participated in the "agreement,"
it was a very appropriate time to start working on a joint uniform seriea
and to create conditions for gradual elimination of minicomputera which
had already been introduced individually, while taking into consideration
the good starting base for research and production in individual countriea.
At that time, individual socialist countries were manufacturing in particu-
lar the following types, and some of them are still be3.ng manufactured today:
USSR--control computers of the ASVT-M series (M-5000, M-6000, M-7000,
M 400, M-40, and other), which were and continue Co be the technical
1
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
- ~OR O~FICxAL USC ONLY
.
base for additi~n~l ~uComai:ed sygrems, pareicularly for conerol of
technological. proceeses;
~ GDIt--Ro~otron--4000 series 8in~ other types
POLAND--MEttA--300 aeries an.d other r.ypes
: HULCARIA--IZOT-3U0
HUNGARY--TPA-70, TpA-11/40 and the capability to vee EC-1010 _
CUBA--CID-1000, CID-2000 ~
ROMANIA--FELIX-32
CSSR--The base conaisted of the series ADT 4000 and ttPP-16~ in addition _
to certaln other types.
This situatian was the reault o,f uncoordinaCed activities of the partici-
pating cov,ntriea in the minicomputer program.
For example, the situation in the CS5R as of 31 OcCober 1977 in the areo
of control computers, amall computers, and minicomputers was as follows:
Tub le 1.
Number of Manufacturer's :
Computers CounCry Type
-
' Total
in CSSR: 356 ~
including: 150 CSSR PPC-4; RPP-16S a RPP-16Mr
RIP iG00; ADT 4000, 4100, 4316 :
91 USA CDC 1700; Nova 1200; PDP 8, -
8E, PDP-11-E/10, 11/10, 11/15,
11/20, 11/34, 11/40, 11/45; -
EHI-100/640; 640/680; GE-
PAC 4010; HP-2116 C, 2100,
2100 A, 2100 S; IBM 1800;
IBM-syatem 7; Varisn 6201,
620/L100;
29 USSR M 6000; M 7000;
27 GDR RSR 4000; KRS 4200;
19 Federal Republic Mincal MC4; Siemens 101, 305,
of Germany 320, 330
18 England Redcar RS 70-S 90; E11ioCt
803A, 803B; KDF 7; Argus 600,
500; GES 2050; 201;
16 Hungary EC 1010
3 France CAE 510; T 2000;
3 Israel Melog-100;
2~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~Oit OF~ICIAL US~ ONLY
The Council o� ~rincipgl Constructorg n� Ml.nicnmputer Systemg (RKK-SM~:P
wns cre~ted in 1974 with p~rCicipaCion by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakin, the
ltepublic of Cuba, Hungaxy, GOR~ Poland, Romania~ and under the leader-
ahip oE the USSIt.
Even though the newly cregted area has its apecial ch~racteriet3.ce, ie
wae pnseible right �rom the beginning ro utilize Co tihe maximum the ex-
p~rience Ceat~d successfully by the ~oint program of rhe JSEP series~ It
is a pity that when work began in this secror, it was noe based syatemat-
ically on the exiating Cechnical means~ particularly peripherals, (?)proc-
essing units, methodologies of ~oint tesCs, normg, and so on. Their new
handling resulCed in a number of difficulCiea and often also caused delays.
~ The difference between the SMEP and JSEP ia above a11 in the price of the
entire syateme. Thig makes iC neceseary to achieve maximum simplicity and
a tiigh degree of reliabillty, Another difference is thae the new equip-
ment i~ expeceed to be gradually applied on a mass scale in various areas -
of the national economy~ In the opinion of Soviet epecigliats, the prices
of SMFP should vary in the future from 1,000 to 200,000 (and up to 300,000)
rubles in systema operating at a speed of 5,000 to 10,000 and iu the long
run up to 1 million operations per second, with the capacity of ehe opera- -
tional memary from 2 to 4 up to 256 kilo~worda.
One of the most important conditions of a rapid development of both sys-
Cems, that is, of the SMEP and JSEP, is Che creation of a new, progressive,
and inexpensive paCts base. Such a base ahould be establiahed within the
framework of maximal diviaion of labor of the participating atates of the
MVK ~(?)intergovernmental commiesion], becauae of the need for short-Cerm
, deliveriea.
When cooperation was est�ablished between the RHK and Che SMEP, organiza-
tional measures were adopted to provide for ~oint development, the so-
called formation of creative international organs which began immediately
to operate on the basis of ex~,exience gained earlier in the original coun-
try in the given sector of computer engineering.
Tl~e foundation for joinC work wa~ ~~1 by creating a complex set of SMEP-1
minicomputera.
The system of SMEP�-1 minicomputers ia designed as a system complex of tech-
nical and programming means of computer technology, established in harmony
wit}~ adopted (or, for the time being, recommended) norms and standards.
Tl~e mutual relationship of the systems is designed in the form of uniform
~oint design and a particular construction. The SMEP series is designed,
above all, for the construction of automated systems of management of
technological processes (ASR-TP), for scientific-technical work centera,
including automated cca;~trol of design woik, and alao for cooperation in
~ automated management ayetems in nonindustrial areas, and in some cases in
subsystema for mass data proceasing or primary data collection and pre-
processing of data. �
3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~UIt OC~'ICIAL USL ONLY
The technic~l 1eve1 of the desi,gn corresponds eo Ghe presenti technical
sGaCe in the world, but ae the same time it makes i~ possible to awitch
gradual~.y Co a higher leve~.~ on the aseumption that the ayeCems which will
be expanded are those corresponding to the level of the applied ASR sys-
tems.
The ~~reation of Che JSEP and SM~P systems, which ~s a whole supplemenC
each ot;~.er, provides a teahnical base for the creation of control automa-
tion and mass daea proceseing in all areas of Che naei~nal economy ~f Che
socialiat countries. Cood results in the~e programs depend in particular
on,rhe following:
--complex utilization of the ~oint scientific, technical, and production
potential of a11 participating countriea;
--A high level of adaptability of Cechnical and programming means of Che
SMEP for the proposed handling of the management sysrems; ,
--prnvisions for further developmenC of the aystems for Che handling o�
new tasks;
--crention of conditions for a maximum reduction of time limita applicable
to the finiahing of development work and prompt starting of production
with minimal loeaes while introducing the SMEP;
--possibility of creating multiprocesaor computer aystems to increase
op~rational efficiency;
--application of the systems of computer technology in the ASR for design
work;
--quality improvements of the technological level of production and solv-
ing the problem of technical and programming means, together with utiliza-
tion of higher integration of the uniform base;
--increase of operational reliability accompanied by creation of conditions
for decreasing the costs of the systems.
All these conditions are realistic within the framework of ~oint work.
'fhe system of muCual operational procedures applied in the international
division of labor and concentration of the scientific-engineering poten-
_ tial proved to be fully effective~ International cooperation provides
for effective development of the uniform syatems founded on a 3o3nt
technical-programming base.
Current grograms for SMEP-1 0� the first design have been worked out in
terms of their development, and in certain cases the systems have been
gr~dually put into production and delivered to the users right after the
international teats had been carried out. The entire international col-
- lective ahares in the work on the entire nomenclatorial set of processors
Lt
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~OEt OFF'ICIAL USE ONLY
and peripherala, ~tnd ehttt provides for grndual applicarion to tihe produr-
eion process in i.ndividual socialist couneries. For example, the m~nu-
�acrure of CM-1 and CM-3 processore star~ed in rhe USSIt as early as in
1977. ~
The intern~tional aysCem of gma11 compurera and minicomputers of the
SMEP-1 serie~ includea in nomenclature the following basic types of
processors and mnin groups oY equipment:
The baeic seriea of processors consieCe of four basic typas of mini-
computers as follows:
_ Tab le 2 .
1 2 (3~ ~4~ ~5~ ~6~
~ ~'~r~ (fhetakEoebElky ~ dnotku CM�1 (989R) OJd�4 (898tt) ODI�~ (999Ii) OM�4
1 Pr1ncIU ttual m fcroprogram~ a keoprotrsw. m1lQapro~ram NelvydAl s hd~
9 Itldiol pom8t: 81lEP � 1, JeLoi
- t~~~uE binArntoh m1~E ~g) 18 ~8 34 persmetr~ J~on
- kupuOlto ~iumtlEl pOL~eE ~la? 40D6 /09e ~oeud apro.eo�
- t~ruenvnl oykiu~ a~ u,~ 0,~ ~b, 8 vAu~
S !'ntot peno. raR~~~'n aQrr~.:
- v tu'oRrotneah gU 17 99 S(1 K Dro
mtkro~~roarameoh adreesot roQl~�
RrG P2)
~ Konncltti rogl~trA nits (b~ 18 (b) la,9z (c)
.'i ~yNl6ni pForulo~Anl ooho0rovfl, mnohoArovC. mnohodcovD.
tl Ilobu pluM1Of sdkl. opuracl
Httt~lut s ~iovnonlDonyblivou "
8drkou 1+~ 4~b1- 2~RI18,0
-l0,0
n~fanl~out ~ pevuoulDoh~b11�
eo~i b~lrknu u~ 9,8 10,019~,0
- UtuuoN Flzunl 9A~61- 1~8
7 I:autl plim64u cstupu
du t~utnN4l
- priuulp Flznul roprogram.
- m:~s. rY~'I?IueL zmbu~ dut
uwuul~ul. rutlinu b 1000 eluv/s ::~0 100
- r~~chlu~6 ztu~ay d:~t I~Fi
Nun~�uN. i:lun, Urucueoru b~IQUQ elovls ~C~ 100
8 Opnr,~c:ni i~~unr~t:
- pui�~,l Lii~:1r. u?INt. 19 (1R tnfnrmnt.. 18 18
�L kunlrul.)
- m:?c. kupiwllo pum8tl l:bytu ~lo CI ~C~ do IZB 94
- pr,~r.. u)~I:Ind {+e 1~: 1 1~~
U Ynr�~~6 pflP~~jilul. pl~ld. zutlzonl:
I - t~id Nour�,id. udn~r:,~c1 do 5S u0
- N puuzitnn roxair. mi~JiOu
-~~ri dvuuMtup4. uJruenot ~C~ do 1?:i, _ 1104
Key:
1. Serial
number Characteristics
1. Principle af Management '
2. Control Memory:
--number of binary places
--memory capacity
--operational. cycle
3. Number of Operational Registers
addressed in:
--programs
--microprograms .
; [Key continued on following page]
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
FOR O~FICIAL US~ ONLY
- 4. Capnciey of FtegiaCere
5. Sy~~t~m of Interruprione
6, Period of Implementation of Basic Uperatiions
--;iddition wiCh ~ fixed/mobil~ comma -
--mulCiplication with a fixed/mobile comma _
--conCrol transmigsion
- 7. Channel for Direct Input in Memory
--principle of management
--maximum speed of data changes in a
monopoly regime
--speed of daCa changes with simultaneous
activity of the procesaor
8. Operational Memory:
--number of binary placea
--roaximum memory capacity
--opergtional cycle
9. Number of Attachable Accesaories: ~
--with simultaneous addresaing
--wiCh use of expanded module and
two-etage addresaing
2. Measuring Unit
a. Number of Words
~ b. 1,000 words per secand
c. up to �
3. CM-1 (USSR)
a. microprogram
b. multilevel
c. 18 (16 information places, 2 control places) to 64
4. CM-2 (USSR)
" a. microprogram
b�. multileve:l
c. up to 128
5. CM-3 (USSR)
a. microprogram
b. 32 K(4 K for addreasing of PZ regisCers)
c. multilevel
6. CM-4
a. The highest one of the SMEP-1 series, the parameters of
which are still being made more precise.
2. The nomenclature of the SMEP-1 series also contains more than 70 dif-
ferent independent installaCions used to complete the systems. In addi-
tion, one can use certain peripherals or (?)proceasing units of the nomen-
clature JSEP 1. and 2.
Classification in the main groups:
I. Proceseor system installations
. --system cotmnunication installations
--internal operational memories
6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
j N'OR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY _
II. ~xternnl accessori,ea:
--mngnetic Cape memories with contral unit
--mttgneCic diec memories with control unit
--input and output equipment on perforated tape with control unit
--input ecanners for punched cards
--alphabetic-digital printing machines of different designs
--graphic 3nput and output equipment
- --input and output equipment for magnetic media
- --input and output equipment with a keyboard
- --alphab~tic-digital displays, including intelliget~t terminals
--equipment for long-distance data transmisaion.
III. Preparatory equipment for data processing: ,
--magnet:Lc tape
. --magnetic diac
--perforated tape
--punch-card.
IV. Equipment for contact with environment:
Together with the unfinished nomenclature of the SMEP-1 technical means,
it was necessary to work out also the nomenclature for the development of
~ programming means. It was dECided thaC the extent of programming means -
of small SMEP-1 computera was determined by their production, aub~ect to
certain limitations, the limitations being determined not only by the
technical characteristics, but also by the limited use of Che memory
capacities. Efforts are being made to simplify the programming means of
small computera as compared to the JSEP series.
- Also, in the case of lower models, it is usually effective to use programs
selected from minicomputers which were manufactured before as national
products and which by their technical characteristics corresponded to the
nomenclatorial types.
It has turned out that operational systems of small SMEP computers are
simpler than compuCers of the JSEP series used for data processing on a
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~OK OF~'ICIAL US~ ONLY
mass scale, because Chey do no~ require bzoad uni,versal applicability
~nd many service and control functions are handled direc~ly by inatirumenCs.
That ig why Chese instrumenes can also be uaed effectively Co deal with
the next main assignment of the given typa of small computers, namely, to
provide for mulCiprogramming activities within a realisttc period of time.
On the other hand, it is necessary to provide �or the ope~ation of small
computers in the systema and under the required regimes (for example, real
time, data collection, dialog, di.vided time, and so on), which are de-
signed �or purposeful and efficient creation of aets of operational sys-
- tems. '
It is very important to facilitate operation for users by programming
- various application aseignments. The plan under preparation also counts
- on provisione for a sysCem of microprogramming and on a library of fin-
ished programming modulea which the uaer w~ll merely supplement for the
given functions. Also in zhe process of development at Che preaent Cime
is a deaign for higher efficiency in problem oriented programming languages,
including conatruction of corresponding tranalators.
When small computers are used for deve~opment work, there will be avail-
able, above all, programming syatems means for use in operatione which in-
volve quantitiea of data of a complex atructure, and these data will make
it possible to create and maintain local information banks and information-
research systems.
Considerable atCention is being paid Co the question of how to increase
the reliability of proAramming meana by expanding dependent control opera-
- tions and functions, whtcit will create operational reserves.
Future work is oriented to the development of inechanization, that is, '
automation of the production of programming means, including the required
volume of documentation of Che programming sets.
The creation of the SMEP series provides conditions for achieving a high-
er, complex technica~, lavel of the various types of ASR syatems which
pursue the followin~ aims:
--rational combination of centralized and decentralized control functiona
in technological and scientific-experimental processes, in the creation
of process control systems by means of integrated indi.ces or nonmeasur- _
able valuea;
--creation of an adaptive control system based on greater accuracy and
verified information, prescribed control of the parameters of a process _
combined wiCh information control; -
--development of assigned dispatch functions and operational corrections,
and their functional redistribution between the ASR-TP and ASR-P by
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
FOR n~FICIAL US~ ONLY
sep~rating primary in~orm~ei,on ~rom bank i.n.~ormr~t~,on~ Ie i.~ expected
thae this will expanci Che eystem o� operational conerol of pxoducC~.on in
mechanical engineering to include also the handling of assignmenCe at ehe
level o� production deparCments, such as, for example, uulomatic collec-
Cion of informaCion about the movement of the pxoduct�a and the conditaon
of Che equipment, adaptive contrnl by conveyor, including the feeding
- mechanism and tranaport~tion of finished products, numerically programmed
conerol of machine eools, xnd so on, al]. done in combinaCion with a een-
tral computer of a higher type;
--use o� SMEP in ~esting centers, including diagnosCic complex processea.
~ 5ingle-purpose systems can be used for theae purposes gt rhe 1eve1 of in-
put control, continuoue control, and output control, but nlao at Che same
" time as multipurpoae conCrol sysCems for unrelated production within the
- framework of the production enterpriae~ The condition for these sysCema
is the capability to optimize assignmenta~
It is also expected that the SMEP system will be used both in the preaent
form as well as in accordance ~aith long-range plans, particularly plana
for additional special-purpoae systems, for example, for the following
areas:
--elastic control sysCems of nodal and grouped forming machines, includ-
ing Cheir autonomous control;
--information gathering concerning the production prncess in relaCion to
dispatch control;
--gathering, preprocessing, and transmisaion of mass data;
--information-control systems, for example, in the power industry, chem~
ical industry, in mining for purposes of safety service, and so on;
--int~grated organizational-technical management and control sysCeme of
componenta of large experimental centers, including hierarchic complexes;
" --managemettt and control, systems in laboratories, warehousea, amall or-
ganizational units, including satellite-type combinations with a central
computer;
--systems for long-disCance transmission of mass data coming from decen-
trnlized work centers (tran~mission or communication networks);
--�training systems in various fields, such as, for example, in aviation,
driving, railroad transportation, and so on;
--simple and complex systems in the entire area of health services, rang-
ing from diagnostics through various types of laboratory tests and exami-
nations by instrume:its, with possibility of connecting the systems with a
- central computer of a higher class;
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~OIt (7~'~ICIAi, U5~ ONLY
--Hy~C~mS ~nd ~ub~y~tem~ i.n eha fi~ld nf financ~, including long-di~e~nce
dne~ Crgnem~.~~idn, convargatinn with a eompur~r, ~11 ehe way to prep~rn-
eion of doc~men~~Cion in combination wirh Ch~ cenern~ computer~
'~he giv~tt ~x~m~+l~~ c~r~ anly a p~rt of ur~~g o~ th~ pxpecCed utilization
o~ Ch~ SME~ minicomput~t ~yetem~, whi.ch opernCe mostly ~.n combinaeion
.with 8 comp~ter of ~ tti$her typ~~ Th~ uni.versel uge of the giv~n mini-
computars a~so provide~ ~'avor.abl~ condit~ong for effective div~eion of
labor. Of cour~e, ir i~ g~aumed Chnt Ch~ participating countrie~ wi11
ga~ply systema which w111 b~ oriented to special purpoges and wi11 provide
nn ad~quate amounC of programming means, paYCicularly application programs, _
in such a way that the ~ycteme could be used at the maximum rate of effi-
ciency withln rh~ ahortesC p~riod of time aftpr inaCallation.
IE ~h~ dacieion to cr~at~ ~n international organizntion for cooperation -
, in the areg of SMEP computers within the framawork of MVK ia evaluated
corrcctly, then th~ re~ulCs of ~oint work achieved so far creaCe favorable
nonditions for preparpd ~oint proepe.:te for action in Chis sector~ Ac-
cdrding to the plan~ of the management organs of the RHK-5MEP and the pre- ~
pared coordination in the developmerit of minicomput~rs, rhe internaCional
eolleCtive of scientific workers, engineers~ mathematiciung, technicians~
~nd manual workers is confronted with clearly outlined crearive taska. _
~rofe~sional circles h~ve been informed partly about these ~oinC opera-
Ciona by Comrade B. N. Naumov, general conatruction engineer of SMEP,
~nd by Academician V. M. Glushkov, the chief initiators of that coopera-
. tion. '~he ~oint path which has been follnwed and its first reaulte are a
guarantee for further developmen~ of this area of computer engineering.
The contributory articles presented for discusaion by both of theae top
representatives of the international collective indicate that the main
task at present is to design a new, pragresaive components base including
microprocessors uaed as modular elements. The use of microproceasors is
universal, but for our area they have a great significance, for example,
fnr the control units of peripherals and terminal elements within the
~ framework of an entire large control system. The component elements are
unified according to structural needs. Their application will conaider-
ably ~implify thp atructural units and will enable a more effective way
of expanding rapidly exieting future systems. In the sacne way, there will
be greater opportunity for, and greater reliability of, the mutual com-
patibility of domestic minicomputer systems within the SMEP aeries as well
~s in combination with a higher central computer.
'rhe use of microprocessors will bring about considerable changes in the
SM~P nomenclature for peripherals and transmission equipment. At the
same time, the domestic equipment will become simpler and its reliability
will increase.
The use of the new components for basic elements, including microproces-
sora, provides good conditions for increasing the serial production of
individual technical means of the system. ihe utilization of the new
10
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~dR 0~'~ICtAt, US~ ONLY
~1em~nCg ~nd i,ncr~a~~d a~ri,n1 producti,nn ~led h~v~ ~ fnvnrr~bla ~ffnce on
the prices uf produceg~ The tiigh degr~e of modulnriz~eion ~nd r~ligbiliey
oE Ch~ elem~nr~ make iC po~eible to compng~ the mnee ~�fective technical
compon~nts, u so-called "computer made Co meneu~e~" Th~ SM~P-]. concen-
rrated on creating e serie~ of g minimum number of tndependenC b~eic
proc~~~dr~ (4 Cyp~s), while the planned aeriea 3MEP-2 creates a set c~f
computer ay~tenn~ for n maximum range of use.
Th~ SMEP-2 cl~gsifies the propoged gerie~ of computera into s~vergl clnsses~
which are subdivided further into epecific type~ of computers.
The first claea coneiete of a gro~p of microcomputers, which contains six
different types related to each other according to their fu.~ction in the
syeter,~: .
--logical control with limited functions, for the area with the highesC
coefficient: for example, the auComobile induatry ~nd coneumer goode in-
dusery~ and so on);
--universal control elemenCs for peripherals;
--for functions nf the program inCerconnection proceseor (for example,
channel adaptor);
--autonomoue use--uc~ivereal 8-biC microcomputer (for example, technolog- ~
ical procoases, preprocesaing of d~ta~ automation equipment~ and ao on);
--for handling of hiRher functions in autonomous or multiprocesaor syetems,
- A univereal 16-bit mtcrocomputer compatible with the SMEP-1, CM-3P and
CM-4P minicomputers;
--for the larger computer systems a 16-bit microcomputer, which is not
- compatible with the SMEP-1 series and can also be uaed for ASRTP.
The second class is formed by two basic types of emulation types as
follows:
-~-universal emulation computer, which provides fully for the functions of
exiating minicomputera in operation and in production (for example, tile
Czechoslovak series AST 4000 and RPP-16, the Soviet aeriea M 4000, and
so on), and must utilize fully the existing application programs;
--emulation computer used for a multilanguage atructure, designed for a
trsnsition to higher, more progressive types of SMEP microcomputers and
to new application programa.
The third clase consiata again of two main typea: theae are now repre-
aented by SMEP-2 with worda of greater length. They are:
11
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~Ott d'~~ICIAL US~ ONLY
--megami.nicomputer wi.eh word~ of gr~gter length, np~rating f:Lrat of g11
in real C~lme~ which provide~ for conrrol at upper hic~rurc}i~.c~l leve~s;
--~n analogous megaminiCOmputer wieh gre~rer ~fficiency ~nd rel3t~biliCy
for ay~tema nf high control and operaCional requiremente~
The fuurth class coneiste of four basic rypeg of larger, complex mu1Ci-
procesaor computers.
Theae are also based on Che SMEP-2 series.
--They nr.e to be used primarily as control syatems ~t the level of analog
numerical regulatorg in numerical control eyeCems and for purposes o�
automated regulatory and control equipment. They are not compatible with
SMEP-1;
--it is exp~cted that they will be used primarily in real-time procesaes
und for control of complex scientific experimental studies. Programa ob-
tained frnm SMEP-1 will be also a~.pllcable for this Cype. In practice,
this applies to t}~e multiproceasor nodal minicomputer;
--integral multiprocessor complex based on minicomputers, with determina-
tion of the functions of a special computer;
--centralized multiproceasor minicomputer for use in control proceases
real time~ or for deman3ing scientific-technical computations, and ao on.
The operational speed ia expected to be two orders higher than the speed
of existing m~tnicomputers which have aimilar characteristica.
The fifth and last: class of minicomputers of the SMEP series containa
five 1~asic typea involving systems oriented �or special purposes, includ-
ing specialized processors. -
They r?re as follows:
--sysLem designed for application of algorithms for pattern identification
(for ~:xample, conversational, visual picturea, and so on). �
This i~pplies basically to simple processors:
--spec:ialized processor for ~rocessing of videographic information;
--parallel processor with high output and speed, designed in particular
for dealing with programs in the dictionary of eq}ival.ents of nominal
spheras, and so on. It is also appropriate for vector and matrix opera-
tions for the processing and identification of pictures of various types;
--cortn~~unication procesaor, deaigned for ccmputer communication networks,
telec~~mmunication exchanges, and so on.
12
~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~Oit d~FICIAL US~ ONLY `
'1'h~ H~rvey pr~eent~d ~bove showg the d~gre~ of importanc~ of thi~ sector
uf c:nmputer technology, but it alao shnwe ehe ne~d for bro~d inCernntional
conperaeion, well-coordinated cnoper~tion in relation to the number of ex-
pected types of minicomputer~ and thg �uCur~ incregae of new, progresaive
p~ripher~l~, (?)processing units, and interfacea of rhe entire SM~P~ In
Cerm~ of inCeYnationnl cooperation in this nrea and itg future proapecte~
the guaranC~e lies firsC of ~11 in good coordinnrion ~nd control. That ie
Che only w~y tn make the outlined goals renlietic.
This is indicated both by the results in the JSEP aeceor as we11 as by the
first succesaful resulta of mutunl cooperation in the SMEP sector. Ex-
perietice has ehown that the highly complex and Cechnically demanding work
is renliseically outlined precisely in this collective internationAl coop-
eraric~n under Soviet leaderehip~ and ChBC Che results are and in the fuCure
also will be a contribuCion to the Czechoslovak national economy~
In order to further improve mutual and effecCive cooperation, a multi-
laCer~~l agreemenC on specialization and cooperation is being prepared with-
- in the framework of the Intergovernmental Commiasion for Che entire area
of computers. This agreement will be the bagia for a consiatenr divieion
of lal~or among all the participating countries of the MVK.
It is necessary that Czechosiovakia also continue to creute favorable con-
- ditions at all levels of management centers aud production centers and be -
an effective member of the vanguard of the large international family for
the entire area of computer engineering, the JSEP and SMEP, from :c~earch
through development and production all the way to the application of the
compuCers by Czechoslovak users.
COPYRIGHT: SNTL-Nakladatelstvi Technicke Literatury, n.p. Prague, 1978
5668-1:
CSO: 2402
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~0[t O~~ICIAL US~ ONLY
Cz~Ct10SLOVAKIA
I'ROaLFMS R~LATED '~0 TRANSFUSIONS TOPIC OF H~MATOLOGY 5YMPO5IUM
Prague CASOPIS L~KARU C~SKYCt1 in Czech Nn 40, 6 Oct 78, pp 1266-1267
~Text~ Accordin~ to the resolution of the board of tlematology Aasociatea
of Czechoslovaki~, Poland and East Germany, Chere are to be held sympoaia
regularly every two years, i.e., alternating the countries of participants.
The first sympoeium of Chis kind was held in Czechoslovakia in Kruaberk in
1976. This year the F'olish Hematology Aasociation had Che task to organize
the second trilateral symposiu~n and it selected Poliah apa Polanica in
Kladake as the location of this meeting. About 150 participanta were present
at this meeting, of which about 25-30 participants were from Czechoslovakia
and about the same number from East Germany. The discussions took place in
three parallel sectione with the following themea:
1. Acute leukemia. Within the frame of this theme, about 65 reports were
delivered on--among others--immune resiatance in cases of acute leukemia,
on the function of granulocytea and coacrophages, on the reaulta of cyto-
chemistry examinations and those done by electronic microscope of cases of
acute leukemia, on CNS ~central nervous system~~diaturbancea in connection
wiCh this disease and the problema of chemotherapy and immunotherapy connected
with acute leukemia.
2~ }{emopexis. About 50 reports were presented on problems of laboratory
techniques for hemetological examinations, problems of blood plaCeleta and
of hemopexis in acute leukemia and the pathogenesis and Creatment of throm-
bo~is.
3. ~lood trunsfusion. About 35 reports were delivered on this theme. This
reporter apent two days attending this aection because of his own special-
ization, which made it possible for him to report in a more detailed way on
some of these rnore important lectures.
Guczkowski and associates concentrated on changes in the ultrasCructure of
leukocytes preserved in plasma at 4~C. Examination by electronic microscope
showed that the degenerative procesa starts after 48 hours of storage and
that it concerna granuloc~tes; the ultrastructure of monocytes and lymphocytes
did not change after 48 hours. The authors therefore conclude that the
leokocytes in citrate plasma can be stored safely at 4~C for 24 hours.
llt
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
~Olt OF~ICiAL US~ ONLY
Nowicki xnd nsaocig~as gtudied the metab~lism of erythrocyC~s of c~d~ver
binod. A number of biochemic~l values w~s closely ob~~rved, i.a., (ATP,
_ ADP, AMP, 23-llPA, plasmA K,N~, inor~anic phoyphate, blood albumen).
In c~ses of blood C~ken 4-6 hours a~Cer deAth and put ineo ACll conserving
solution theae bioch~mical vnluea ar~ identica? up to rhe fourCeen dAys of
storage with the v~lues of blood in ACU raken from normal blood donore.
WiCh disagreemenr met Che report of Witczak rhat alightly injured individuals
or p~tients after aurgery �or herni~ or acuCe or chrot~ic appendicitis sho~ld
~ be ~sed as blood donors, even ~lthough the aurhor mentioned that by raking
blood from these individuals, Chere is not any disturb~nce of the healing
process or lowering of phys3cal firnesa.
E'iala evaluaCed in a critical way the merhods of leukocyColygis of the blood.
None of the tested methods of removal of leukocyres from the atored blood
gives auch reaulta that the transfueed blood could be considered as abaolutely
non-immunogenic.
lirundstudter submitted a survey of blood production in the tranafusion service
of ~;ust Cr.rmany. The number of blond extractions in 1976 was 634,000; the
u~e of erythrocyte masses increased by 45 percent; 33,000 litres of plasma ~
were used for fractionation. Plasmapheresis ia uaed for preparaCion of
' immunoglobins And of diagnostic serum.
Frick and associ~tea examined in detail from the biochemical point of view
the platelet functions in blood extracted into a CPD-solution enri.ched by
adenine and guanosine. The conclusio~n based on the results is that from
the point of view of hemostatic function of platelets it is possible to use
platelets in CPD plasma stored for maximum of 3 days. Preusner arrived at
similar conclusions when he examined the problems of kinetics and post-
transfusion survival of plasma platelets stabilized in CPD-AG aolution.
Lukasiak, from the Warsaw Hematology Inatitute, deCermined the activity of
glutathione, methemo~lobin reductase and the level of reduced glutathione
and methemoglobin in ACD blood stored for 25 days at 4�C. The activity of
the traced enzymes decreases parallel to an increase in the level of inethe-
moglobin and a decrease in reduced glutathion.
Strauss reported on her experiences with rutin used in an ACD-AG preserving
solution. So far 3 million blood transfusions have been performed using this
solution (50 percent whole blood, 50 percent erythrocyte). TYansfusions
were made with blood stored for 21 days; with regard to high ATP values it is
possible to expect higher post-transfusion survival (85-95 percent) of
erythrocytes and better rheological characteristics of blood.
Hindorf described the method of preparation of cryoprecipitate for the use
UE:A~-Sephadex. The availability of the freshest possible plasma as a basic
material remaina an organizational problem.
15
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
I~nCt Ol~'i~'tCTAL USL ONLY
UuH�r.ynyki presented ~i yurvey of ~ever~l ycarg experience wi~li Che tl~~monetics-
30 c~nCrifug~ in clinicy. l~lasm~pheresi~ uaing Chi~ inac:hin~ w~s ettrried oue
in these instances; myelnsis, thrombocyCosig, visnerul tor~us of lupus
eryChemntoaus and pemphiguy, o~teomyelosclerusi~. In c;nse of pehphigue
(1000-1500 milliliters of blodd extrucCed) ttie number of ~tttibodieg decreused.
mhe extrttcted plaema was raplttced by thawed plasmn compatible in Che AI30
syatem minus AHG. F'rdin tl~e plusma oF paCients si~k wiCh thrombocyGoais
thrombocytes, were separr~ted frozen ~nd upplied Co these patienCs, to whom
hemorrhnging occurred during the cyeostatic therapy.
In unoth~r report, Daszynski concentrAeed on thrombopheresis and leukopheresis
with the Haemonetics-30 mnchine. Caines by sep~r~Cion were as followa:
0,55 x 1011 thrombocytes,l~7 x 109 leukocytes. If hydroxyetyl-geArch was
uaed during the aepArarion process, ttien the increase of granulocytea was
2,5 times higher than in casea where dexCran was used for preparation. The
examination by electronic microscope showed that afCer separa~ion (by Haemo-
neeics-30), rhe isolaCed plnteleta continue to have normal sCrucCure, both
the membranea and granules. Even lymphocytes afCer being isolaCed retained
a nc;,mal cell membrane as weli ae nucleus srructure~
U. Jerke (I:ast Cermnny) concentrated on problems of post-transfusion jaundice.
lie coordinuted a collective study, which examined 3 million blood extractiona.
Yathological values of SGPT appeared in 1 percenC of the samples; the HBaAg
was positive in 0,09 percent. In cases of 50 percent of the donora with
increased SGPT values, biopsies established either liver steatosis or in
13 percent, infl~aanatory changes. In HB~Ag posiCive persons, inflammatory
changes of the liver were eatablished in 45 percent, liver steatoais in only
14,5 percent.
R. Uhlig and associates followed the appearance of post-transfusion jaundice
in 108 cases of open heart surgery using a heart-lung machine. Jaundice
appeared in 4,6 percent. Prevention: decreased amounC of blood used during
surgery, during the post-operative care; extunination of HBsAg donors.
Urlowski and associntes took 120-400 milliliters of blood from 70 patients
befQre surgery (gastrectomy, strumectomy). Ln return, they were given an
infusion (hematocrit must not be below 30 percent). After that, the effects
of hemodilution were observed from the biochemical and hemopexis standpoint.
Values remained within physiological norms, the patients did not show changes
. in hemodynamics (i.e., microcirculation), in acid-base equilibrium, in metab-
olism of electrolytes and proteins, in hemostasis or liver functions.
1he next round of reports concerned immunohematological problems. Drobna
and associatea opened the series of lectures on this theme. She traced
occurrence of cytotoxic antibodies in patients that underwent single massive
blood transfusion and 1) implantation of an artificial valve (incidence
26 percent), 2) transplant of an allogenic valve (57 percent cytotoxins),
3) trunsplant of venous alosCep ~as printed] (SO percent cytotoxins positive).
Rare anCigens on erythrocytes were examined by reports of Busova (Tu antigen),
16 ~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100044437-6
I~'nEt c~~~ICIAL USL ONLY
Uzierzkov~ (C~d unCigen), llrubigko (N-d~Eiciene eryChrocytes). Dzierzkovu
und AB~OC~8ti0g ~ri~d in Cheir repore to solve probleme of ~amiliar occurrence
df polygluCinabiliCy and of parallel hematnlogical diaturb~ncea (pancyCo~
penia).
The reporr nf Dobry and riegOC~8CC5 on cryo-pre~erv~Cion of bone m~rrow cclls
of mice aroused inCereat. IC cnncerns u pro~ect solvpd in collabor~tion with
Fedorenke (USSR); th~ finding on yaCisf~crory life in rhp bone marrow celle
still 12 houra after ehawing ~s long as they preserved at 2~C-4~C ~re valuable.
Renn~rova enriched (increased) abiliry to diagnose An0 hemolytic illnesaea
of newborn babies by Che proof of hish titre IgG anti A/ll while uging the
sepc~raCion technique with the help o� the Sephr~dex A-50. Vesely compared
the advaneagea and disadvantagea of two aueomatic devices for identifying .
blood groupa, i.e., tiG-15 And G-360.
In su~nary, one can sgy thAt rhe individual sections contained a number of
inreresring details, howev~r, Che partici.pants did not learn of any new
discoveries. The reports by the Czechoslov~k delegation were in general
disCinguished by very hi~h quality.
Within the framework of this symposium was also arranged an exhibit by
_ pharmaceutical firmg {Poland, Hungary, East Germany) which called atitention
especially to some sort of cytostasis. The Kerandeta firm (East Germany)
pulled a surprise wiCh ita exhibit of plastic Cransfusion and infusion
material. The Dade firm (USA) exhibi~ed an efficient auComgC for serial
hemopexis examination. The Imcauno firm (Auatria) displayed a large number
of immunological devices.
The exquisitely arranged social activities contributed to the satisfacCion
of the participants: a piano concert of Chopin's music ar Che Duszniky spa
- on the eve of symposium opening and a short car trip to VfunbericA and Kudowa
spa. These activities as wall as the successful party ar the end contributed
to strengthening of mutual cordial relationships among the individual parti-
cipants of the symposium. The discussions in hallways helped to clarify some
common problems and to create some more precise plans by mutual cooperation.
I am therefore convinced that all participants l~ok forward Co the next
trilateral hematology symposium, which will take place in 1980 in Chotebuz
in Cast Germany.
Address: J.F., 128 20 Praha 2,U nemocnice 1.
COYYRIGH'1': Avicenum, Zdravotnicke Nakladatelstvi, n.p., 1978
2176
CSO: 2402 END
17
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040037-6