JPRS ID: 10514 USSR REPORT LIFE SCIENCES EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/ 105'i 4
12 May 1982
USSR Re ort
p
lIFE SCIE~iCES
~ EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
CFOUO 1/82)'
Fg~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMAT~ON SERVICE
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JPRS L/10514
12 May 1982 _
USSR REPORT
LIFE $CIENCES �
EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
(FOUO 1/82)
CONTENTS
Acute Experimen~al F~not,ional Stress i.n Rabbits Under Conditions
of Modulated Electromagnetic Fi~ld 1
Ra.t Behavior in ~Open Field~ After Exposure to Magnetic FYeld 11
Use of Thermal SHF Radio-Frequency Radiation by Human Body for
Measurement of Visceral 'remperature: Results and Prospects 19
Equi~ment and Methods of Thermal SHF and HF in Oncology 2!~
- - a- [III - USSR - 21.m S&T FOUO]
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UDC ;538.6:611.81~
ACUTE EXPERIMENTAL EMOTIONAL STRESS IN RABBITS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODULATED
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
Moscow IZVESTIYA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR: SERIYA BIOLOGICHESKAYA in Russian No 5, Sep-
Oct 81 (manuscript received 10 Jul 80) pg 774-780
/Article by A. V. Gorbunova, N. V. Petrova, V. V. Portugalov and S. K. Sudakov,
Institute of Normal Physiology imeni P. K. Anokhin, Moscow/
/Text/ The effect of a modulated electromagnetic fi~ld on the course of acute e-
motional stress induced by intermittent and combined atimulation with an electric
current of ventromedian nuclei of the hypothalamus and o� the skin of limbs and ears
of Chinchilla-line m~=e rabbits was studied. The content of water aoluble proteins
was determined according to Lowry in the extramural ganglia of the autonomous ner-
vous system and in sympathetic trunk ganglia at the level of the fourth to sixth
thoracic segments. The spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes was determined
in those locations, as well as in the cardiac conductive system. It was shown that
the number of rabb3.~s pertaining to the group of rabbits predisposed to the devel-
opment of stress in the modulated electromagnetic f ield decreased. There was no
signif icant decrease in the coatent of water-soluble proteins, which occurs under e-
motional stress, when rabbits in a state of stress were placed in the modulated
electromagnetic field. On the contrary, their content increased significantly.
- The existing tendency toward increased aerobic ~etabolism in the cardiac conductive
sys*_em under emotional stress was not manifested in the modulated electromagnetic
field. The activity of fast-moving lactate dehydrogenase fractions slightly in-
creased in the superior ce:vical, stellate and nodose ganglia in rabbits in a state
of emotional stress placed in the modulated electromagnetic field. In the immobilized
intact rabbits in the modulated electromagnetic field the content of water-soluble
proteins increased significantly and the activity of fast-moving lactate dehydro-
genase fractions in all the studied formations of the nervous system increased
slighEly.
The effact of a modulated electromagnetic f ield.leads to complex changes in cor-
tical-subcortical relations in anim~ls, selectively stimulating limbic structures
and suppressing the ascending activating effects of the reticular formation of the
stem on the cerebral cortex %1/. It is well known that a modulated electromagnetic
field of certain parameters can change vegetative reactions and self-stimulation
reactions arising during an electric stimulation of emotion-producing zones of the
hypot~:alamus %2/. There are indications of a positive effect of electromagnetic'
fields on the course of cardiovascular disturbances of various origins 67. A
dissimilar effect of electromagnetic fields with different modulation frequencies
was established. It turned out that modulated electromagnetic fields with a modu-
lation frequency of 7 Hz had the greateat biological activity (4, 13 and 14).
_ 1
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Direct electric stimulation of ventromedian nuclei of the hypothalamus alternating
with electrocutaneous stiu~ulation induces acute emotional stress char.acterized by
individual changes in cardiovascular functions in rabbits /9/.
_ Taking into consideration the effect of a modulated electromagnetic field on reac-
tions connected with the stimulation of hypothalamic structures, an attempt was
made to clarify the effect of a modulated electroma.gnetic f ield on the course of
acute emotional stress induced by intermittent and combined stim~.~lation of ventro-
median nuclei of the hypothalamus and electrocutaneous stimulation. Solving the
question of the possibility of increasing the resistance of animals to acute ex-
perimental emotional stress by means of a physical factor, which a modulate~i elec-
tromagnetic field is, and clarifying the nature of the response of the. structures
of the autonomous nervous system to it were the basic tasks of this investigation.
Material and Methods
The experimen.ts were conductQd on 86 Chinchilla-line male rabbits weighing 2.5 kg.
Nichrome b ipolar electrodes were inserted 3n ventromedian nuclei of the hypothala-
mus of 66 experimental animals f ixed in a special machine tool.
- The development of emotianal stress was induced by combined or intermittent sti~ula-
tion with an electric current of the nuclei of the hypothalamus and of the skin of
limbs and ears of rabbits. The experimental conditions were described in the ar-
ticle by A. V. Gorbunova and coauthors /8/. Thirty-three rabbits in a state of e-
motional stress were placed in a modulated electromagaetic f ield for 3 hours, while
the ~=lectric stimulation was continued. To clarify the nature of the effect of im-
mobilization on cardiovascular functions, 10 animals were im~obilized and the ar-
terial pressure and cardiac rate were recorded for 3 hours. The 10 immobilized
animals were pla^ed in a modulated electromagnetic field f or 3 hours and then sub-
jected to a biochemical investigation. Fourteen rabbits kept in a vivarium secved
as control.
The modulated electromagnetic f ield had a voltage of 30 V/m, carrier frequency of
39 mHz, modulation frequency of 7 Hz and modulation depth of 80 percent. The
field was created between two capacitor plates connected with an ultra-high fre-
quency generator. The immobilized animals were placed between the plates so that
the sagittal body line was horizontal and perpendicular to the power lines ~~f the
modulated electromagnetic field.
The content of watpr-soluble proteins was determined according to Lowry and co-
authors in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve, superior cervical.and stellate
gangl.ta, sympathetic ganglia and sympathetic trunk ganglia at the level of the
fourth to sixth zhoracic segments. The spectrum of lactate.dehydrogenase isoen-
zymes was investigated in the ganglia of the autonom~us nervous system and the
cardiac con~3uctive system isolated according to M. N. Umovist and A. F. Sinev /10%
The results obtained were~rocessed statistically according to Van-der-Verden's
nonparametric criteriun /5 and Student's significance criterion.
Results a~id Discussion
Three groups with characteristic changes in the arterial pressure are detected in
acute ex~�erimenr.~l emotional stress induced by stimulation with an electric current
of ventr~median ganglia of the hypothalamus. Animals whose arterial pressure
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remains at the i.~litial level during the 3-hour experiment form the f irst group.
Either a decrease or increase in the arterial pressure is observed in (adaptable)
rabbits of the second group. However, these changes are not accompanied by the
death of animals. The third group includes rabbits predisposed to the development
of stress, which died during different tia~es of the 3 hour effect /9,/~
Under tihe conditions of a modulated electromagnetic field under emotional stress
there are no qualitative shifts in the reactions of the arterial pressure, but
there is a.sib*nificant change in the corre5.ation of the nunber of animals of spe-
cific groups (table 1). The number of animals resistant to changes in the arte-
~ rial pressure under the effect of a stress producing factor increases 2.7-f old.
The number of adaptable animals under the condi.tions of a modulated electromagnetic
field also increases 1.6-fold as a result of ari increase in the numb er of rabbits
with a fall~ng arterial pressure during the experiment. The number of rabbits with
hypertensive reactions kept in the modulated electroma.gnetic f ield during stress
is reduced by a factor of 2.5. The total number of animals, which died in the mo-
dulated electromagnetic field during emotional stress,pTOVed to be 1.9 times low-
er than under "pure" stress. In other words, the stay of animals in a state of
emotional stress in a modulated electromagnetic field greatly increases the resist-
ance of their cardiovascular functions.
Table 1. Number of Rabbits of Various Groups Under Emotional Stress and Stress+
a Modulated Electromagnetic Field
Type of cardiovascular r~motional Stress+Modulated
Reaction Emotional Stress Electromagnetic Field
Resistant 3 8
_ Adaptable:
with lowered arterial pressure 4 12
with elevated arterial pressure 5 2
Predisposed 21 11
The placement of rabbits in a state of emotional stxess in the modulated electro-
magnetic field led to a significant increase in the content of water-soluble pro-
teins in the homogenates of the nodose ganglion. In the homogenates of the supe-
rior cervical ganglion the content of water-soluble proteins did not differ from
control and in the homogenates of the sympathetic trunk and the stellate ganglion
it was higher. At the same time, the content of water-soluble proteins in the su-
perior cervical and stellate ganglia and the sympathetic trunk did not differ sig-
, nificantly (table 2).
The fact that these changes slightly differ from each other in various groups of
rabbits is of great interest. For example, a decrease in wateri soluble proteins
(figure 1) was observed in rabbits from the group of animals predisposed to the
development of stress, in the homogenates of the nodose--sensitive--parasympathet-
ic ganglion, whereas in resistant (figure 2) and more adaptable animals there was
an increase in the content of water-soluble proteins as compared with control
(f igure 3) .
Significant changes in the arterial pressure and the cardiac rate were not detected
in the immobilized rabbits during 3 hours of observation.
3
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Table 2. Content of Wat~r-Soluble Proteins in Ganglia of the Autonomous Nervous
System, ug/mg of Raw Tiasue
06beKr xccnepoBali~~ I 1~'~I ~3~ X~ 3~}1~3MI1 X~ Y1Nf+~Mf1 X~
- I I I I
(6�):. .BepxNN~i meiixwii raxrneii 48 48 46 5g� 3~33
3ee~AyaTaii raxrnx~ 43 50� 3,29 49� 4,25 5i i,55
8 Cw~narxyecKaa uenoyxa 33 4i 2,i2 .,44� 4,65 38� 3,07
YanoeardA raxraH# (g) 45 36� 3,63 55� 4~47 68� 2,87
~INC1I0 ?!(NBOTHdX ~1'0) 12 7 3,24 ~ ii 5
Xo 4~~8 2~~2
Key:
1. Object of investigation 6. Superior cervical ganglion
2. Vivarian control 7. Ste~.late ganglion
3. Emotional stress 8. Sympathetic trunk
4. Emotional stress+modulated electro- 9. Nodose ganglion
magnetic field 10. Number of animals
5. Immobilization+modulated electro-
magnetic field
X1 and Xo--conventional units, computed and table values at a significance level
of 5 percent.
* Significant difference as compared with control.
In the immobilized rabbits during exposure to the modulated electromagnetic f ield
the content of water-soluble proteins increased significantly in all the investi-
gated structures--stellate, superior cervical and nodose ganglia and the sympathetic
trunk (table 2).
Intermittent 3-hour stimulation of negative emotion producing zones of t~-ie hypo-
thalamus under the conditions of a modulated electromagnetic field did not lead to
3 disturbance in caxdiac activity. Whereas under stress in the cardiac conductive
system there was a tendency toward an increase in the activity of fast-moving iso-
enzyme fractions, in the modulated electromagnetic field the spectrum of its iso-
enzymes did not differ from the norm (tabl~ 3).
In the modulated electromagnetic field in rabbits in a state of emotional stress
there was a significant change in four lactate dehydrogenase fractions. At the
same time, the activity of fractions of lactate dehydrogenase5 and lactate dehydro-
genase4 decreased, while lactate dehydrogenase3 and ~acLate dehydrogenase2 increased
The activity of lactate dehydrogenase increased in the iiodose and stellate gar~glia.
In control rabbits in the modulated e~ectromagnetic f ield the activity of lactate
dehydrogenase5 also decreased significantly in all extramural ganglia, while lac-
tate dehydrogenase3 increased in the superior cervical and stellate ganglia. The
activity of Iactate dehydrogenase2 increased significantly in the superior cervi-
cal ganglion (table 4). Thus, a significant tendency toward increased aerobic me-
tabolism in all the investigated ganglia of the autonomous nervous system in a mod-
ulated electromagnetic f ield in animals in a state of eantional stress is established.
~l
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. d60~- � ~ ' ~ . . .
d40' - __1 �
d10 ~l
.~00 ~
f30 ~ ~ ~
I
fZ0 ~ Q 1
!f0 ~ ~ Z
Z00 f00 ~
� ' 1
I
SD ~
100 40 j
d0 ~
20 ~
f0 I
A 6 a
f4 24
Figure l. A rabbit from the group of rabbits predisposed to emotional stress. The
value of arterial pressure in mm Hg and the cardiac rate are plotted on Y-axis.
The time of the experiment in hours, on X-axis. The columns designate the content
of water-soluble proteins (y/mg): A--superior cervical ganglion, B--nodose gan-
glion, B--sympathetic crunk. 1--control, 2--emotional stress.
.
Mpr.cr. ~l)
150
280 ~
Zao Y~ME (2) ~ ~
~Z
200 70
90
70
f00 30
50
~0
A 6 9 ~
t~ Za ,
Figure 2. A rabbit with stable arterial pressure. The value of arterial pressure
in mm Hg and the cardiac rate are plotted on Y-axis. The time of the experiment
in hours, on X-axis. The columns designate the content of water~soluble proteins
(Y/mg): A--superior cervical ganglion, S--nodose ganglion, B--stellate ganglion,
r-sympathetic trunk. 1--control, 2--emotional stress.
Key: 1. mm Hg 2. Y/m8
5
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~1) ~ '(2)
.~20 M pr~c . r~Mr
~
/ . �
280 \ ~ ..~,i
a ~
240 Q f .
90 ~ Z
ZDO
90
70 ~p �
i00 SD ,~p
f0
A 6 Q
f4 Y4 dy
Figure 3. A rabbie "adapting itself " to the effect of a stress producing factor.
The value of arterial pressure in mm Hg and the cardiac rate are plotted or~ Y-axis.
" The time of the experiment in hours, on X-axis. The colu~s designate the content
of water-soluble proteins (Y/mg); A--superior cervical ganglion, S--nodose gan- .
glion, B--stellate ganglion, P--sympathetic trunk. 1--control, 2--emotional stress.
Key:
1. mm Hg 2� Y/~8
Table 3. Correlation of the Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes of the
Cardiac Conductive System of the Rabbit
(1~ KB. MtM ~ 3c. Mt+~ =C-~-M3MI1. M*r
~I?.cao ~ t
~orxax
8 10 6
~ nRri 6~i,16�3,2 70,97�9,i l,82 67,2�4,5 0,55
nAr, l8,02�i,55 i7~37�i,i3 0,33 i7,2�0,7 0,51
5,JI,III'' l1,95�1~l8 9,6+i,i l,46 i2 2�2,1 0,!
5.l1,qI'~ 4,07�i,22 l,5�i,0 l,86 2,~4?�i,7 0,88
5~ nAr~ i,78�0~58 I 0,57�0,38 i,77 0,74�0,7 !,i
Key:
1. Number of animals 4. Emotional stress+modulated electromag-
2. Vivarian control netic field
3. Emotional stress 5. Lactate dehydrogenase
f--Student s signif icance criterion.
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With what can the protecti.ve effect of the madulated electromagnetic f ield on the
organism be connected? In the literature there are data on an increased resistance
of the organism to some forms of stress producing effects under the action of an
alternating magnetic f ield /11, 12/. In our experiments the resistance of rabbits
to a stress-producing e�fect in the modulated electromagnetic field increased. In
physiological parameters the basi~ number of rabbits could be included in the group
of rabbits adaptable to a stress-producing effect. The content of water-soluble
proteins in homogenates of the nodosP ganglion of the immobilized rabbits in the
modulated electromagnetic f ield increased significantly as compared with control
and with the group of animals in a state of emotionai stress. The activity of
fast-moving lactase dehydrogenase fractions of extramural ganglia in them was
slightly elevated, as in rabbits in a state of stress in the modulated electromag-
netic field. It is we~l known that constant and alternating low-frequency magnetic
fields are used for a contactless change in the functional activity of both the en-
tire brain and the hypothalamus. The organism responds to the effect of physical
environmental f.actors with the development of general adaptive reactions based on
the effect of hypothalamo-hypophysial structures /12/. The effect of the modulated
electromagnetic field on the immobilized intact animals in our experiments was man-
ifested in an increas~d content af water-soluble proteins~ in all the investigated
cellular f ormations of the peripheral ?�*_:,nomous nervous system. In other words,
they were not overstimulated under these conditions. In all probability, low-fre-
quency modulated electromagnetic fic:1~?s are weaker as compared with the direct e-
lectric stimulation of the hypothalamus with stimuli. As a result of the effect
of the modulated eiectromagnetic field on animals in a state of emotional stress in
the studied structures of the autonomous nervous system changes assumed the same
nature as during its effect on the immobilized intact rabbits. Possibly, the or-
ganism becomes resistant to the quite large amount of stimulation as a result of
~ the increase in protective f orces "aroused" by the modulated electroma.gnetic f ield.
In other words, under a simultaneous effect of two stimuli the organism responds
to the weaker stimulus. There is reason to believe that this is possible, because
there are great energy expenditures under stress and, if the organism is af -
fected by a stimulus to which it can respond with lesser expenditures, this will
be an easier and, therefore, more acceptable way for the organism. It can be as-
sumed that the effect of the modulated electromagnetic f ield transfers the orga-
nism to another level of reaction. Comparing the reaction of rabbits from various
groups to the modulated electromagnetic field, it can be easily noted that, basic-
ally, it differs in the response of the sensitive (nodose) ganglion of the vagus
nerve. T'hus, there is reason to believe that the change in the reactivity of the
nodose ganglion is one of the factors determining the resistance of the cardiovas-
- cular system of rabbits under experimental emotiona:~ stress. In those predisposed
to its development during stress catabolic processe3 predominate over anabolic
processes and in adaptable rabbits, conversely, anabolic processes predominate
over catabolic processes.
The modulated electromagnetic field of the used parameters, selectively activating
limbic structures and suppressing the ascending activating effects of the reticular
formation on the cerebral corte.x, increases the resistance of animals to emotional
stress and their adaptability in a conflict situation. Under the conditions of an
effect of a modulated electromagnetic field the activity of fast-moving lactate
dehydrogenase isoenzymes increases and the content of water soluble proteins in
extramural ganglia of the autonomous nervous system rises.
8
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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K., "Changes in the Reaction of Self-Stimulation in Rats Under the Effect of a
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1163. ~
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1962, p 129.
4. Ban'kov, V. I., "Inducing F~perimental Sleep in Cats Through an Effect of a
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1972, Vol 74, No 9, p 14.
5. Van-der Varden, B. L., "Matematicheskaya Statistika" /Mathematical Statistics/,
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6. Vereshchagina, Ye. N., "Effect of Ultrasound Oscillations and Energy of Centi-
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VOPROSY KURORTTTOY FIZIOTERAPII I LECHEBNOY FIZKUL'TURY, 1968, No 1, p 62.
7. Garkavi, L. Kh., Kvakina, Ye. B. and Ukolova, M. A., "Adaptatsionnyye Reaktsii
- i Rezistentnost' Organizma" /Adaptation Reactions and Resistance of the Orga-
nism/, Rostov-on-Don, ~zd-vo Universiteta, 1979.
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9. Sudakov, S. K., "Dynamics of Individual Cardiovascular Reactions in Rabbits
Under Conditions of Acute E~perimental Emotional Stress," BYUL. EKSP. BIOL. I
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_ 11,439
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UDC: 612.821.6
RAT BEHAVIOR IN 'OPEN FIELD' AFTER EXPOSURE TO MAGNETIC FIELD
Moscow ZHURNAL VYSSHEY NERVNOY DEYATEL'NOSTI IMENI I. P. PAVLOVA in Russian,~
Vol 32, No 1, Jan-Feb 82 (manuscript received 21 Nov 80) pp 72-78
[Article by N. P. Smirnova, Moscow]
[Text] The study of integral functions of the brain, in particular behavioral ,
reactions differing in complexity and significance, is of sr~bstantial importance
to evaluation of the consequences of exposure to strong magnetic fields (MF).
There is information in the literature concerning the effects of ME on uncon-
ditioned reflexes, on such mandatory components of an integral behavioral act
as motor activity and work capacity, as well as on higher nervous activity [5, 7].
As we know, the "open field" test permits evalua.tion of an animal's integral
- physiological reaction to a new and unusual situation, including elements of
motor, orienting-exploratory, emotional and stereotype behavior [9, 10, 11, 15].
Methods
In our experiments, the "open field" consisted of a plywood ring 100 cm in
diameter and wall 30 cm high. Thi.s ring, which was divided into 32 squares
15x15 cm in size,was arbitrarily divided into three zones: peripheral (16 squares
along the wall), intermediate (12 squares) and central (4 squares). The "field"
was illuminated uniformly by either natural light or a daylight lamp on the
ceil~.ng of the experimental room. Tests were conducted in the "open f ield" for
three successive days, simulita~neously on control rats and rats exposed to MF.
On the day of the experiment, the animals received feed and water ad lib. We
observed the rats' behavior for 5 min, noting the following parameters every
minute: horizontal travel (number of squares crossed); degree of adjustment to
the "field" (going into the intermediate and central zones); vertical standing
(rising on hind legs with and without use of wall for support); sniffing, direct-
ing the head up or toward the center; total time and number of grooming [washing-
brushing (scratching)] cycles; number of fecal pellets and urinations. In
processing the data, we analyzed the following: structure of rat behavior
during the 5-min test; behavior on the first and subsequent days of the experi-
ment; presence of trace reactions--behavior when retested after 1-3 weeks. In
these experiments, we used 160 white mongrel and Wistar rats, mainly males,
with average weight of 200 to 230 g in the different series.
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The animals were exposed to vertical MF with 0.3 T induction with an SP-15A
electromagnet or 1.6 T using an SP-57A electromagnet. Both electromagnets
had flat parallel tips: rectangular 400x3U0 mm in size (SP-15A) and in the
form of a circle with a radius of 450 mm (SP-57A), with interpolar distance of
� 100 mm, and they formed an interpolar space in the central part, in which th~
animals were placed (within the 300X200 mm or 380 mm radius range), a virtually
homogeneous field, with no more than 15% decline of induction at the edge of
the tips, in relation to the center. Unlike the strictly static MF formed
with the SP-57A electromagnet, the SP-15A electromagnet generates an MF with
a pulsating component of 100 Hz frequency, the induction of which constitutes
up to 1.8% of the static ccmponent of the field.
The animals were exposed for 3-4 h daily for 3 consecutive days.
Results
-Analysis of the experimental material revealed wide individual variations in
reactions to the "open rield," in both control rats and those exposed to MF.
The Table lists averaged results of the experiments and, for the sake of sim-
plicity, control data referable to exploratory motor behavior are combined for
the two series. The digital data referable to grooming time and emotionality
differed substantially in the different series, and for this reason they are
listed with their own control.
The mean data enabled us to detect distinctions in the behavior of the rats
both during the 5-min test and on subsequent experimental days. On the first
day of testing, the rats manifested the most motor and orienting-exploratory
activity: number of horizontal passages, entrances into the center of the
"field," vertical stances and sniffing was reliably greater than on the next
two days. There were less marked differences between the second and third days.
The level of defecation, which characterizes the autonomic component of emo-
tionality ("fear") remained constant on all 3 experimental days. Parameters
of general motor and exploratory behavior were at a maximum in the lst min of
the test and decreased gradually or abruptly in the next 4 min (Figure 1).
Grooming time and number of grooming cycles, which are indicators of stereotype
bet~avior of rats directed toward "oneself," undergo irregular changes both
, in the course of a single test and on different experimental days.
The results of repeated experiments following the same set-up on the same
animals, which were conducted 1-3 weeks after the first one are of some interest.
As compared to the first experiment, on the first day af the second one the
rats presented considerable decrease in number of horizontal passages (P