JPRS ID: 8445 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR RESOURCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 43
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 16
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE= 2007/02/09= CIA-R~P82-OOSSORO00'1000500'16-8
Y ~
g ~ ~ ~ i OF i

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOR OFI-lC1AL USE ONLY
JPRS L/8445
8 May 1979
~
TRANSLATIONS ON USSR RESUURCES
CFOUO 10/79)
U. S. JOIt~~' PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE
FOR OFFI CI AL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
NO'I'I;
JE'R5 publications conrain information primarily from �oreign
newsparers, periodic~ls and books, buC also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. ~taterials from foreign-l~n~uage
" sources are translated; those from Gnglish-l~ngu.~~;e sources `
~re transcribed or rrprinted, with the original phrasing and
ol-hc~r char~cteriseics retained.
lieadlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPI2S. ['rocessing indicators sucii as ('Text)
or [I::ccerpt J in rhe f irst 1 ine of each item, or follo~aing the
last linc~ of. a bricf, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no proc~-ssing indicator is given, the infor-
mf Clicm (the Podo1'sk Mnchitte Fiuilding F1~nC imeni S. Ordzhonikdze, the
N~~rc~fc~mn Silk Combine, nnd so on) . -
At 76 of the ~n~erprises, the gas using equipment is operating without
regime-ad~ustment teats and regime charts (Che Serpukliov Structural Elements
Combine, the Glukhovskiy Cotton Com6ine, the Silikatnenskiy Reinforced
Concrete P1anC, and so on). A~r 74 enterprises it is the fault of the service -
personnel Chat the boilers are ope~ating with devt.aCions from the existing
regime charCs (the Shchelkovsk:iy Sheet Rolling Plant, the Elektrostal'
Heavy Machine BUilding Plant, ~and so on), which leada ro significanC gas
~ losses. Ttie nd~usCment and op~~raCion oF the boilers with respect to the
monitoring and measuring instr~.unents provtdes about 5 percent fuel economy.
The aging, uneconomical boilers (60 to 80 percent efficiency) are in operatiun
rit tlie Lyuberetskiy Building Materials and Structural Elements Combine, the
Katuarskiy Ceramic and Tile Plant, and so on; as a result, up to 20 percent
of the burned fuel is ].ost.
Me;isures have not ~aeen developed for gas economy at 29 of the enterprises
(the Podol'sk Municipal Dairy Plant, the sovkhoz imeni Lenin, the production
enterprise combine of the Mosoblstroy Trust No 26 of the Ramenskiy Rayon,
and so on).
The absence on the p~rt of the superior organizations of proper control of
the observation of the economy regime, the planning of spec.ific fuel con-
sumption standards and implementation of them will lead to unsuhstantiated
increases in them by comparison. with the standards. Thus, the specific
provisional fuel consumption standards have been rais~d at a number of the
Gl.avmosoblstroy enterprises (the production enterpr.ise combine of the
Mosoblstroy TrusC No 26, by 25-30 kg/gigacalorie, the Shchelkovskiy Health
' B~iilding Combine, by 30-35 kg/gigacalorie, and so on) and the Glavmosoblstroy-
_ materialov (the Butovskiy Building Materials Combine, by 30-40 kg/gigacalorie;
the Bronnftskiy Brick Plant, by 30-40 kg/gigacalorie, and so on).
It has been established that at 66 enterprises the specific fuel consumption
standards have not been technically substantiated or have not been developed
i.n general. The basic fuel consumption measure--the standard for its
consinnption established in accordance with the production output volume--
must be technically and economically substantiated. Otherwise it is im-
possible to determine the effectiveness of the utilization of the energy
resources. However, at the Lyuberetskiy Experimental Plant for compact
purification units of Glavmosoblstroymaterialov, at the enterprises of the
RSF5R Ministry of Agricuiture (th~ sovkhoz imeni Mossovet, poultry farm,
Mirnaya~ Tomilinskiy Poultry-Raising Association, and so on) the specific
- norms were not presented during the inspection.
Gas is used uneconomically at the Dom~~dedovskiy Reinforced Concrete Products
Plant. Modern boilers of the DKVR type have been installed at this
5
FOR OFFICiAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOk OFFiC1AL [JSL ONI.Y
en~erprise, hut they are no~ equipped with a~tomation for regulnCing com-
bustion or ext~nust-heat units for utilizing the heat of the combustion
producCs. Regime-ad~ustment tests Fiave not been run on the boilers, there
is no quality control of the fuel consumption, there is no accounting for
the released and consumed thermal energy. The overconsumption of gas
~amounts ro 710 Chousand m3 annually.
Similar deficienciea are characteristic of the Pushkinskaya Light Furnirure
' Plant and the Serpukhov Reinfor~ed Concrete Products Plant. The gas losses
, at theae enterpriaes amount Co 6.to 8 percenC of Che annual gas consumption.
In 1977, at the Moscow terriCorial inspectorate o~ Gosgaznadzor a test was
run on the implemenCation of Che previously issued prescriptions with
respect to increasing the efficiency of gas utilization aC 71 industrial
- enterprises of Moscow Ob1asC. It was discovered aC 19 of the enterprises
the necessary raeasures were adopted to improve the use of gas, and the
inspection suggestions are being impYemented in a eimely manner. Never-
theless, at a nwnber of the industri3l enterprises not only is there no
initiative being exhibited in the problems of improving the efficiency of
the use of fuel and energy resources, but the inspection recocmuendations
are not being implemented.
The unsatiafactory situation with regard to the utilization of fuel and
energy resources is also explaic~ed by untimely provision of the enterprises
with modern gas using ec~uipment, exhaust heat recovery units, instruments
for automaCic regulation of combustion and accounting for the consiuaption
of gas and thermal power. Moreover, a significant part of the installed
exhaust-heat recovery units the automation and gas analyzets for the .
combustion products frequently are not operating as a result of insufficient
qualification of the service personnel. Thus, at the Domodedovskiy Building
Materials and Struct~iral Elements Plant in 1974 the inspectorate proposed
the installation of instruments to moniCor the temperature of the exhaust
gases and account for the generated thermal energy, to set up accounting
for the returnable condensate and monitor the composition of the exhaust
gases. However, in the inspection made in 1977 it was established that
the indicated deficiencies had not been eli~ninated. As a result, the gas
losses at the enterprise amount to more than'200 thousand m3 per year.
In order to improve the reliability of equipment of the users located far
from the gas sources, reserve fuel management enterprises are being or-
ganized inasmuch as it is impossible to create gas reserves separately
~ at each uaer. When inspecting the industrial enterprises, special attention
has been given to the work with respect to the construction and preparation
of such enterprises for operation� The inspection demonstrated that at
the Shchelkovskiy House Construction Combine and the Tomilinskiy Poultry-
Raising Production Association the planned deadlines for the introduction
of reserve fuel enterprises into operation have not been met. Serious
disturbances~of the fuel situation at the Kudinovskiy Elektrougli Plant
' and the Mozhayskiy Municipal Pasteurized Milk Plant are creating difficulties
for normal gas supply of the communal-domestic users, and they are also
. 6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOlZ 01~'[~ ICIAL USI? ONLY ~
lowering the operating reliahility of tl~e enterpxises themselves in the _
case of emergencies on the gas lines and freezing weather.
A rl~ythm ic, sta~ale gns supply is impossible without observing sCrict ~as
cunsumption discipline, especially under the conditions of consCant growth
of Che use of gas and removal of the users from Che supply sources. A
daily gas conswnption standard has 6een established for each enterprise,
tiowever, at a number of the enCerprises overconsumption of gas is permitted
(tlie Glukhovskiy Cotton Combine, the Krasnogorsk Cement Machine Building
Plan~, the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant, the Kucha Ceramic Block Plant,
and the Akrilchin Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant, and so on).
'I'tie basir. areas for improving the efficiency of the use of natural gas at
ehe industrial enterprises are as follows:
- Perfurmance of planned preventive repairs on the gas and heat using equip-
ment and also regime-ad~ustment operations, combustion oF the gae in ac- `
cordance with the regime charts (fuel economy,3 to 5 percent of the annual
gas consumption hy the enterprises);
Introduction of system5 for automatic regulation of combustion witt~ cor-
rection for the eomposition of the combustion products (economy 1-4 percent);
Effective recovery of the exhaust gas and low parameter steam heat (economy
4-8 percent);
Reduction of heat losses by improving the insulation of the lines and the
heat-consuming equipment (economy 10-15 percent);
Conversion of the enterprise heating from steam to hot water (economy 3-4
percent); -
Reconstruction and improvement of the heat supply systems, automation and ~
adjustment of the heating and ver.tilation systems (economy 10-15 percent);
Improvement of the gathering and use of condensate (economy 5-10 percent);
Replacement or modification of ttie obsolete, low-efficiency and uneconomical
gas using equipment (econamy 5-:10 percent).
The economy of raw materials, materials, elecCric power and fuel must be
provided for in the socialist obligations, the perfoYtnance of which must
be t~ken under strict control. .
In order to mobilize the efforts of the enterpri.se and organization collective
, in the eEforts at further improvement of the economy conditions, the All-
Union Central Trade Union Ccuncil, the Central Committee of the All-Union
Lenin Yo ung Communist League and the USSR Gossnab have adopted a~oint
resolution for performance of the All-Union Social Inspection of the Ef-
' Fictency of Utilization of Raw Material, Materials, and Fuel and Energy
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
rox ~~rrcr~~t, (i5C QNLY -
Resourcc~s in 1918-1980. '1'he indusrrial enterprl.~es and design organizarions
muaC develop and implement the organizational-Cechnical measures promoting
the Eulfillment of Che assignments with respect to economy, establishment
of conCacts with the VNIIpromgaz Institute, which is the head organization
in the proiilems of gas utilization and the CesC center for gas burning devices -
with the corresponding departments of the Moscow Institute of the PeCro-
chemical and Gas Industry imeni I. M. Gubkin and also with Che ad3ustment
organizations.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Energiya", "Prom,yshlennaya energetika", 1979
10845
CS0:1822
~
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY'
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOlt OFFICI:AI, (15T: ONl.Y
ELECTRIC POWER ,AND POWER EQUIPMENT
STANDARDIZATION OF ELECTRIC POWE~t CONSUMPTION BY THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Moscow PROMYSHLENNAYA ENERGETIKA in Russian No 3, Mar 79 pp 45-46 _
[Article by I. S. Kopytova]
[Text] On 18 May 1978, a meeting was held of the "electric power supply
of industrial enterprises" subsecCion of the section on industrial power
engineering of the Scientific Council of "Higher Engineering and Electrifica-
tion" of the State Committee of the USSR Coun.cil of Ministers on Science
and Cngineering devoted r_o the problems of standardizing the electric power
consumption hy the industrial enterprises. . -
At the meeting reporCs were head by Yu. V. Kopytov(Gosenergonadzor) on
"Improving the Standardization of Energy Consumption in Industry," by Yu.
I. Korbman (VNIIPIenergoprom) on Comparison of the Specific Electric Power
A. Shevchenko
Consumption for Production Output'in the USSR and Abroad," by L.
(Scientific Research Institute of Planning and Standards of the USSR Gosplan)
"Methodology and Procedural Support of the Standardi:zation of Electric and
Thermal Power," by V. K. Zhubit (Chermetenergo of the Ministry of Ferrous
Metallurgy) on Standardization and Efficient Utilization of Electric Power
at the Enterprises of Ferrous Metallurgy," ~y V. I. Kalinin (the liain
Administration of Power Engineering of the USSR Ministry o~ Nonferrous
Metallurgy) on Standardization of the Constm?ption of Electric�Power at the
Enterprise~ of Nonferrous Metallurgy," by N. G. Derevyanov (Adm~nistration
of Repair of the Enterprises of the Chemical Industry and Equipment of the
USSR Ministry of the Chemical Industry) "On the Work of the Ministry of
the Chemical Industry in the area of efficient and economical constunption
of energy resources, and also by P. P. Yastrebov ~.the Voronezh Institute .
of Technolo V. L. Gromova (the USSR Ministry of L~ght Industry),
8Y) ? ~
Ye. N. Priklonskiy (State Scientific Research and P1~3nning Instizute of the
Nitrogen Industry and Products of Organic Synthesis).. V. V. Mikaylov
(VNIPIenergoprom Institute), A. A. Tayets (Management Institute imeni S.
Ordzhonikidze), P. I. Golovkin (Energoshyt of Mosenergo), and V. I. Krupovich
(VNIYI Tyazhpromelektroproyekt Institute).
At the subsection meeting the following were noted:
~
9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONT.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
_ ~
~dlt OF~ICIAL U5~ ONLY
- i. 'I'lie y,c~nl nf. the Ktnnclnrdizntihn nf clectri~ powhr con~umption by th~
- laduatrtul en[erpriaen~ ia to ensure effi~Lent congumpttun of itt~ elec:tric.
pdwer during produCCinn nutput.
2. ~'he dpv~lnpmenC of advgnced, scienCific~lly eubgCantiated aCandards fnr
power c~ngumpCion ie an important wnrk prnviding fnr the thenreCicnl and
procedur~l Btudies, the application of the requirpd acCOUnting ey~Cpmg
~ requiring special technical training of Che worker~, giving riee to the
nec~saity for the creaCion of the corresponding ~truCtural subdivisiott~ _
in Che minietries, the brnnch scientific-research organizationa and at the
enterprigeg. ~
3. 'The problema of impr~vement and ~iringing order into the standardization -
of electric power consumption nt the indusCrial enCerpriges under the
conditi~ons of intense fuel and energy 6alance are acquiring especially
- importnnt significance: as means of advanced planning and the design of
power equipment and as an ir3ex of the efficiency of energy use.
4. T}~e mit~iatries, the departments, the induetrial enterpiises and the
scientific research organiznCions are working to improve the standardization _
of electric power constaaption at the induetrial enterprises. This has made
it posgible to eave about 60 billion kilowaCt-houre of electric power in the
Nintti Five-Year Plan and to provide in the TenCh Five-Year Plan fox the
reduction of electric power consumption by 5 percent as opposed to the
electric power cons~nnption standards in 1975.
5. Nevertheleas,in thefield ofstandardization of electric power consumption
there are a number of significant deficiences:
a) 'I'he majority of the electric power coneumption norn~s have been developed
by the statistical reporting method; the standards determine d in thi~
way even with realistic corrections in practice do not discover the non-
productive losses of electric power at the enterprises, and they cannot
serve as an index of ~fficient electric power cons~nption;
b) At many of the enterprises, the structure of the noYms has nnt been
determined. in connection with which undulation is pcrmitted when compiling
the reporting documents with respect to the fulfillment of the established
consumption norms. This distorts the etatistical data and introduces
errors into the energy consumption plans;
c) In spite of the requirements of the "basic principles with respect to
sanitation of fuel, electric and thermal power in production" approved by
USSR Gosplan on 1 April 1966, the majority of ministries and depar[ments
have developed branch instructions with respect to standardization of the
electric power r.onsumption for the production of a significant part of the -
produc[s;
' ~0
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02149: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~'dR O~F'ICIAL U5~ ONLY
d) When d~xigning n~w entErpri~es ~~nd rebuilding the exi~ting ones the
:n~ster planner~a have noC developed optimal complex energy bglgncee dr
effici~ttt atandardg for che uae of che energy regourceg on the bggig df
introdu~ing adv~nc~d technology; they have not provided for accounting
sy3tems required for operativ~ mnnitoring nf Che elecCric power cotteumption
and compiling the actual energy balances which under the operating Con-
ditions will lead to the necessiey for using ehe sCatistical accounting
method and Che randomly developed energy consvmpCion structure en wnrk up _
tl~e standarda; inaufficient attention has been given during overall pl~nning
in the selection of energy-saving equipment and advanced procenses;
e) 'Ctie operating system of providing ecunomic inC~~ntives to the workers in
the power services of the enterprises and departme,nts is providing in~uf-
fici.enC ut~lization of the energy resourceg avail~bl.e to ehe enCerprises.
In order to imprnve the standardization of the electric power consumption
at the industrit~l enterprises~ the subsection decided the following:
l. 'I'o ask the U55R Gosplan to exonerate the regeneratio~i of the "basic
principles witl~ respect to atandurr~ization of fuel con~um~tion~ the
r.onsumption of electric and thermnl power and production," approved on 1
April 1966.
2. To consider Chat the electric power consum~tion norms must have scientific-
economic sub~tantiation~ they must be compiled considering the current and
tt~e prospective energy halances of the enterprise, the energy character-
istics of the process equipment and provide incentive for taking meas~res
aimed at lowering the consumption of the shorter and more expensive types
of energy. The development of the standards onl~ on the basis of the
statistical accounting indexes with deep, co;nprehensive andlysis of their
structure is inadmissible. -
3. To recommend the following to the ministries and departments:
a) T~ investigate the normative materials effective in the hranch, and in
the ;~bsence of them to develop and intr ~duce branch instructions and
pr~~cedure:~ in[o effect for ?979 to 198U for the development of the standards
fc,r tl~e cons~imption of powpr reserves for production output, providing for
a sc�fentifically substantiat:ed approach to the standardization oi the power
consumptiot~ and promating che introduction of advance~ technology and
- equipment with more economical indexes fo: the energy resources conrumptiun;
b) 'fo determine the lead organi2ation of the branch responsible for the
coordination of all of the operations at the enterprises of the ministry
to impr~~ve tt~e standardization of the elertric power consumption, compile
brancli instruc[ions and procedures with respect to standardization and
applic~tion of systems for energy consumption accounting;
c) 7'o introd~ce the compilation of t}~e optimal prospective energy balances
of t}~e enterprises into practice, and on the basis of these energy balances,
11
~OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~0lt O~~ICIAL US~ ONLY
f~~r th~~ ~I~~vrln~~mCnt nf thc t~1nnH ~nr Eive-y~nr nnd nnnunl pinn~ of ecnnc~mir
iiu~l ~u?clnl ~leveleipm~~ut tn pruvide meadur~e iilineJ u~ liupt~e?ving ~h~ ~ftlc:lo~~ey
nf the uge of the fuel and energy reserves.
d) 'To d~velop ba~ic areas of reducing the electric power consumption in the
brnnch~ provid'.ng ahove all for tite e~.imination of nonproductive energy
- lossee nnd the implementation of the generglly accepted meaeures decreaging
its consumption;
e) To obligaCe the subdeparemental enterpriaea and organizations eo develop
current (for 1979) and prosp~ctive pl~ns for the organizational-technical
measures with respecC to saving fuel and energy resources and considering
their effectiveness~ to approve norme for specific energy consumptiion;
f) 'Co improve the quality of accounting and ta intensify the control of Che
consumption of the power resourcea, in 1979-1980 to develop an accounting
system nt each enCerpriae for the consumed electric and thermal power,
uying the aummation circuiCs or the automated information and measuri.ng -
monitoring and accounting syetem for the energy consumption (including
witl~ ti~e application of computera) .
, 4. T'o recoamend Chat the scienCific research organizations expand the
developmen~ of the theoretical problems of determining the energy charac-
teristic~ of the process equipment. ~ompiling and calculating the energ;�
balances (planning, prospective, nozmalized) of the enterprisea of the
different branchea of industry, calculation of the energy consumption norms.
5, To reconmiend to the design organizations that they do the following: -
a) When planning and designing the process systems to be oriented toward
advanced technology, ensuring the highest level of efficient use of energy
resources;
b) When developing the designs of the newly built and reconstructed enter-
p:ises, to c~evelop the normalized energy balances of the enterprises, and
on the basis of them to calculate the substantfated advance Faergy con-
sumption norms, the fulfillment of whfch in operation can he ensured for
optimal proceas conditions and exclueion of the nonproductiv~: energy losses;
planning nozms for energy conaumption musC be compared with the ones approved
for the analogous advanced enterprises of the given f~ranch, and the advanced
achievements of ecience and engineering muet be taken into account;
c) On the b2~sis of the normalized energy balances of the enterprise and
[he technical-economy calculations:
To realize efficient selection of the energy carriers for the technological
proc.esses and the devices, to substantiate the optim~ procedures and
volumes of use of secondary energy resources;
12
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~OR d~~'ICIAL USE dNLY
To plan efficient energy ~upply gy~temg, td gubst~ntiuee rtie g~l~ction of ~
the p~r~t~eter~ of the power ingt~llatinns ~nd equipment un the network;
d) When designing and planning Chc power gupply ~nr a.n ettCerprige~ it ie
neces~nry to develop a sygtem for ac~aunting for Che used energy, prnviding
fnr mnnitoring of the gaCigfacCion of the energy consumption gtandgrds, nnd
to muke ~ comparison betwe~n ehe actual and calculated energy balances
of the enCerprise;
e) Tn use the gdvanced, scientifically subsrantiaCed energy congumpCion
norms to check out the correctnesg of Che calculgtion of the propa~ed loada,
the s~lection of the pargmeters of the elemenes of Ch~ electric~l and ehermal
networkg of the designed enterprige.
6. Considering Che great economic eignificance of the problem~ of standardiz-
ing energy coneumpCion in indusCry, the expediency of solving the problems
~f efficient consumption of electric power by the eneerprises (beginning with
[heir design stage), to request the USSR CossCroy to introduce the cor-
responding corrections into "The Tnstructions for the Development of Plans
and EstimaCes for Industrial ConsCruction" (SN 202-76), "The Instructions
for Flanning and Designing the Electric Supply for Industrtal Enterprises"
(5N 174-75), and the instructions wiCh respect to designing enterprises of
different branches of industry, providing for the required development oi
optimal energy consumption balances and standards for energy cons~aaptian
for unit production output~ accounting systems providing for operative
- ~ monitoring of the ohservation of the approved general plan and technological
norms for eiectric power consumption in the plans for the newly built
enterprises.
~ 7. To request that the USSR Ministry of Instrument Making:
a) Incr~ase the output of automated eleciric power accounting and monitoring
systems and continue the work on improvement of them;
b) Organize the manufacture of the instrianents considering the electric power
of high pr~ecision class. ~nsure a met~~ologic base for the production,
oper~tion and maintenance of such insti�uments.
S. Request that the scientific research institute for planning and etandards
of the USSR Cosplan and the VNIPIenergoprom Institute intensify the work
with respect to the development of the basic areas of improving the standardi-
zation of the energy consumption ~y the industrial enterprises, the pro-
cedural reconmendations with respect to calculating the standards and
organizing the work with respect to standardization in the various branches
of industry, the generalization and spread of the advanced experience in the
field of normalization of the energy reserves.
COPYEtIGNT: I::da[el'stvo "Energ;Lya", "Promyshlennaya energetika" ~ 1979
10845
CS0:1$22
i3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~UIt d~~ICIAL U5C bNLY
~U~LS ANb ItELA'CCU ~QUIpMENT -
UDC 553.981:551.812:658.5
i'LANNINC GAS EXI'LORATION OP~ItATI0N5
_ Mo~~ow G~OLOCIYA N~~'TI I CAZA in Rusaian No 2, ~eb 79, pp Z-7
(Ar;icle by I. P. Zhabrev, Mini~try of the Gae IndusCry, V. I. Yermakov~ -
M. Y~. Zykin, V. P. Stupakov, M. 0. Khvilevitskiy, All-Union Scientific
Researcti Institute for GnsJ
['('ext) As is known, the basic indexes af the current system for plxnning
gas c~nd oil exploraCion operationa are the nature of the reserves in cate-
gories A+g+Cl and the vnlumes of c~pital investments. The analysis of ~
tl~e modern state of the arC with respect to gas exploration operations
indicates that the developed plp~~ning system does nut in the majority of
are~s, especially in the old gus extraction areas, ensure the required
r~ztes of development of the raw material base of the gas industry. This
is caused primarily by the following:
a) The lag in regional research within the prospectiv~ territories and the
nbsence of data for selecting the most effective areas for exploration work
cottnected with this lag;
b) InsuCficient preparation of the areas fcr deep explorution drilling;
c) ~xces~ voltmie of explora.tory drilling, delaying the developmenC of the
deposits;
d) railure to take into accounr, tiie specific nature of the preparation of
the reserves in the old gas extraction areas;
e) Low requirements in the effective classification of reserves to sub-
stantiate ~ategory C2, which causes a reduction in quality of preparation
of the areas and effectiveness of the oil and gas exploration work.
The experience in performing regional and exploratory operations and also
Che da[a with respect ~r.a a large number of gas deposits where experimental
industrial operation has bee~ started will permit formulation of a n~nnber
oF pruposals for improving the planning system to increase the gas reserves
nnd ttie conditions for conversion of the deposits to experimental industrial
operation.
14
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
Fnit 0~~'ICYAL US~ ONLY
1, R~glnnnl studie~ in f~ll vnlume and nn u mndern prdr~durgl level must
precede Ch~ develnpment oE exploraCion nper,3Cions in each new area or new
- gay bearing atuge in the parCially assimilaeed ~reag. The effpcCivene~~ ~nd
th~ imprnvement nf the r~ginnal gtudy stege musC be evalunted by the con-
vergion of reserveg from subgrnup D2 to D~.
The lag in regional oper~eione wiLl lead to a sharp reduction in ehe effective-
ness of the exploration work in many greas which is expressed above gll in
Ct~e ~low conversion (nr depletion) rate of the predicted reaerves from D2.
Under these conditions these regerves in D2 can eignificgntly predomingte
with regpecC to volume over the reeervea in subgroup bl and higher cgCegorieg.
Now in the Predkgvkaz'ye Itegion, for example, in spite of Che prolonge~
- period of geological pxploration work, only 23 percent of the predicted gas
reserves belong Co subgroup b1. This unfavorable ratio of reserve subgroups
in this region has cnnCinued for the 1nsC 10 years and is connected with a
sharp lag in regional studiea. As a result~ the effectiveneas of preparing
the reserves of the industrial categories is very low here, and the nature
of the reservea does not make up for the decreasing gas extracCion.
' Tt~e regional studies are lagging in such gas extracCing areas as the Komi
A55R, the KalmyCakayn ASSR, the WesCern Ukraine~ and so on. At the present
time, in Western Siberia, in spite of the shorCer times for development of -
the territory, with a total significant magnitude of predicted gas regerves -
~ 80 percent fa.tl in aubgroup D1. It ie known that the effectiveness nf the
exploration wor[c in this area is very high.
On the whole throughout the country at the present time an unfavorable
ratio of categorfes and groups has developed in the structure of the po-
tential gas reserves: the explored gas reserves A+B+C1 mal:e up a small part
of Chem at the eame time as the pradicted estimates according to subgroup
Q2 exceed 50 percent. It is necessary to consider that in the case of
prospective planning, the forecasting estimate with respect to subgroup D2
is not Caken into account, in connection with its low reliability.
The prospective plan for the development of the raw material base of the
gas industry up to 1990 provides for high growth rates of the explored
reserves with respect to categories A+B+C1. At the same tfine, it has been "
established that the confirmation of the gas reserves in category CZ for
many regions aoes not exceed 30-40 percenC, and aubgroups D1, 20 to 30 per-
cent. Accordingly, the available reserves in category CZ and subgroup
Dl must be considered inadequate. For reliable planning of the development
of the raw material base for the future, it is necessary to at least double
the gas reserves in subgroup D1.
In order to improve the results from the regional studies and regulate their
volumes, when forming any five-year plans for gas and oil exploration work
it is proposed that the conversion of the predicted estimate for subgroup
DZ to subgroup D1 be planned and the effectiveness of the regional work
with respect to the results of this conversion be estimated. In order to
15
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~Oit OF'~'ICIAL USC ONLY
urgc~nlze ehe nnnu~l ~ccounttng for movement of reserves Chrough subgrou~s
bl ~nd b2, iC ig nec~~~ary Co organize an interdep~rtmenCal commtseion
(the USSR Miniatry of Geology, the MinigCry nf the Otl Industry, the Minigery
of Che G~e Indu~Cry) wirh thc guthority to confirni the gas reservea with
regpect to these subgroups~ .
r
'l. Itt mnny gas-progpective areas of our country, both the quanCity and
qu~ility of prepgration of Che strucCures for deep exploratory drilling gre
in~dequute. The Stavropol' and Krasnodar krays, Orenburg Oblast, the
Ukraine, ~astern Siberia~ Uzbekistan, Che lower Volga Region, ~nd eo on
are presenCly experiencing an explicit "sCrucCural hunger." These regions
ar~ characeerized by complex geologic~l-genphy~ical conditions and the low
qu~li~y of prepnraeion of the structures or poor conformation of the dis-
cuvered geophysical anomalies caused by them.
Tlie search for uplifta that are prospective for gas has been performed in
rer.ent years ulmost exclusively by using Che seismic study meChods.
AmonK the aeismic structures discovered in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, 71 per-
cent are small positive anomalies, the area of which is leas than 50 km2.
T}ie probable cause ;;f this is the high background of seismic interference
w}iich is variable with respect to area and breaks up a broad territory of
large tectonic uplifts (hundreds and thousands of lan2) into small sections
within the limits of which the interference behaves relatively stably.
In the Ukraine and Belorussia, the area of such sections is from 10 to 50,
in Lithuanian and Tadzhikistan, predominantly to km2. There are n~ large
uplifts in the stock of prepared ones with respect to the Orenburg,
Saratov, Rostovskiy, Kaliningrad and other regions of the RSFSR. The area -
of established seismic explorations in Che Caspian Basin of subsalt struc-
tures variea from 25 to 42, and suprasalt, from 3.5 to 15 km2, and so on.
It is clear that the "brPaking up" of the united tectonic uplifts (for
example, the Orenburg swell, the Astrakhan arch, and so on) into small
seismic anomalies disorients the subsequent exploration work, it prolongs
t}ie time of reliable evaluation of the reserves of the large deposits and
tfie Introduction of them inta experimental industrial operation. This
t}ieoretical deficiency of the seismic exploration work can be overcome by com-
bining the latter with other geophysical methods, joint quantitative
processing and optimal smoothing of the complex of data using a computer.
Por tt~e districts of Saratov~ Volgograd and Astrakhan oblasts, for example,
where the area of each of the local structures discovered by the reflected
wave metho~ or the common depth point method of seismic exploration amounted
to 3-10 km , it was established that the application of rhe set of geo-
physic~l methods (seismic exploration in different versions, seismic ex-
ploration and high-precision gravimetry) increases upto 70 km2 and more.
Tt~e ;,reas of the submerged uplifts in the Lower Volga Region, according
to the data from quantitative combination of drilling, seismic and gravimetric
inEo nnation, as a rule, exceed 200-300 km2. -
~6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
I~'OIt OF~ICIAL U5~ bNLY
Nawever, in many arens thar are prospecCive for gas Che conditiuns for -
complex analysis of the geophysical dgta in practice seill have not been "
rreaCed, for Che explnrgCion work uaing Che "easy" geophysical methods
(h~g}~-precision grnvimetry gnd mugneCic exploraCion~ elecrrical exploraeion
uying vuriable Eields, and ~o on) l~g significantly behind the seismic
methods nr are noC implemeneed at gll. T3king Chis into nccount~ ie iy
prc,posed ehat:
a) I'lans be made Co prepare the areas for exploraeory drilling by a aomplex
of geological-geophysica]. meChods efftciene for the given regioti and to
consider Chia preparaCion appropriate only aFCer the performanc~,e of a11 types
of operations and ~oint inCerpreCaCion of Che resulta;
b) In ~ddition Co the geophysical work in natural indexes, the explaration
orgnnizations should also plan the number of prepared structures and their
minimum dimensions.
3. A eignificant increase in the geolog{cal effectiveness and reliabi:lity
of the seiamic structures can be achieved also in the phase of exploring
the fields where the coordination of the seismic observations with respect
to ~1rea ia controlled by a sufficient number of deep wells. The firat
experiments in performing detailed seismic studies in the Komi ASSR and the
Tyumen' Oblast demonstrated that they permit the exploration times for the
deposits to be reduced by one and a half to two times, no less than 10
million rubles to be saved at each site as a result of reducing the number
of exploratory wells and to obtain more complete information about the
structure of the investigated deposits. The aeismic details included an
increase in the density of the seismic profiles to 3.5-4 km per square km
of structure (the density of the seismic exploration work usually ia on the
order oE 1 km/km2), the performance of the well type seismic obaervations,
checking and reinterpretation of all of the available seismic materials.
'fhe possibilities for still greater optimization of the process of exploring
_ tl~e gas deposits are covered in the use oi the digital recording and pro-
cessing of seismic oscillations, the analysis of the absorption and pro-
pa~ation rate of the elastic waves, and improvement of the frequency of
tl~e recordings, and so on. The complete realization of the information
pc~ssibilities of modern seismic exploration by the coumnon depth point method
will in the nenr future provide for the solution of an entire series of
such "unstructured" geological problems as: the comparative estimation of
the otl and gas bearing nature of the structures, the outlining of the _
deposits, the investigation of the region of propagation and the uniformity
of the collectors and also the integrity of the gas confining beds; a study
of the parameters of the deposits (porosity, effective power, gas saturation,
and so on). All of these data combined witfi the materials from the ex-
ploratory drilling can serve as a reliable base for estimating the gas
reserves of the open deposits and compiling substantiated plans for the
exploitation of them. However, at the present time detailed seismic
operations have still been insufficiently developed; their specific weight
17
T'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
I
� ~'OR O~FICIAL U5~ ONLY
doe~ not exceed 1 to 2 percent of th~ tnet~l volume of geophysicu: operations
for gas and oil. For accelerated evolution of thi~ research, it ia proposed
tl~~~t exp].oratory and detailing seismic operatinns be planned by the gen-
physic~ expcdition aeparately, and wiehin the frgmework of the large geo- -
lo~icnl exploraCion uasociatione, it ie reconnnended Chat complex (drilling
r~nd seismic) enterpr.ises be created inqGfnr as possible specialized in
the exploration of the dircovcred gas benring structuxea.
G. At the present time the operating system for planning the increase in
gas reserves providing for the preparation of the ~~eserves with respect to
c,~eegories A+B�FC1 is used identically both in the old oil and gas extracting
r~gions and in the new prospective Cerritories under the iniCial atages of
_ development. Nevertheleas, ehere are theoretical diffprences in the
:~peGLfic nature of the preparatinn of gas reserves and the requiremenCs for
detuiled exploration of the deposits in Chese areas.
_ In the new prospective areas where the bnsic goal is the creation of a rnw
m.~Cerial. base for subsequent construction of gas line network, it is ex-
pedient to retain the existing system of planning increased industrial gas
reserves basically with respect t~ categories C1 and B in the reapects
provided for by tt~e instructions of the USSR StaCe Commission on Mineral
Re~ources. Within the territory of the USSR, Chese areas include Eastern
Siberia and the Far East, the Yamalo-Gydanskiy Region of Western Siberia
and the Arkhangel'sk Ob1asC.
Wlierever Chere are fnvorable conditions for fast cmnpletion of the explora-
tiun of the newly discovered deposits by experimental ind~3strial operation
and subsequenC immediate introduction of them into development, it is proposed
that we go over to the new system of planning the increased gas reserves with
respect to categories C1 and Cz.
, At the presenC time the organizations of the Ministry of the Gas Industry
havc riccumulated a large amount of experience in the application of the
accelerated methods of exploring the gas deposits, the completion of their
exploration by the methods of experimencal industrial operation. Thus,
in the areas of developed gas extracting industry (Ukraine, the Caucasus
foothills, Turkmenia, the Lower Volga Region and so on), after obtaining
positive results from testing the first exploratton wells, the gas dPposits
are c.onverted to experimental industrial operation on the hasis of ceserves
in categories C1 and C2. Within the limits of the Dneprovsko-Don!�ts Basin
:~l.one, after ohtaining the first inflows of gas, more than 20 gas fields
were put in[o experimental industrial operation, and as a result their
explor~~tion was completed without additional drilling. The gas extraction
duri.ng the experimental industrial operation amounted to ~nore than 80 billion
m3. The perioc~ of development of the open gas deposits was reduced by 2 to `
3 times.
The positive experience in the accelerated introduction of the deposits based
on the reserves in categories C1+C2 indicates the necessity for changing the
18
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
- FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY
system nf planning tihe ~.nCrensed gag re~erves in ehe gns exCraction regiona
' regions. -
The b~sic principles of the proposed planntng procedure reduce Co the fol-
lowing:
1) The basic planning index of activity of the geological exploraCion organi-
xation ia considered Co be the increase in gas reservea with reapect to
categories CZ and C1 in the following raCios: C1--from 30 Co 50 percent,
- C2--from 70 to 50 percent; here category C2 includea the gas reserves in
the reliably discovered structures in rhe deposits, the productivity of -
which was established by Cesting the exploraCion wells, including the bed
tesCer;
Z) During the process of exploring the deposies, conversion of part of the
gas reserves from category C2 to C1 is realized; the proportion of the gas
reserves in category C1 muat on the average amount to 30 percent, and for
the deposits with complex geological structure, it increases to 50 percent;
3) In order to increase the reliability of esCimating rhe reservea with
respect to category Cz simultaneously with the exploration drilling, detailed
_ seismic operaCions are performed (see above), which constitute an inseparable
part of this phase of the studies;
_ 4) The reaerves in categories C2 and C1 and their achieved ratio with respect
to the exploration results are confirmed 6y tlie USSR State Coauuission for
Mineral Resources;
5) When discovering a large gas field with conditional hydrogen sulfied
content which can be the base for the creation of a gas-chemical complex,
the adopted procedure for planning the increased reserves with respect to
categoriea A+B+C1 is retained; in the areas of effective large gas-chemical
complexes, the newly discovered fields are explored by the proposed planning
system with the preparation of reserves with respecC Co categories C2 and C1;
6) The gas reserves in the structures and the prospective areas before ob-
taining the industrial inflows of gas are estimated with respect to sub-
group D1 and the geophysical organizations are to plan the number of pre-
pared structures and their average size.
The proposed system will somewhat complicate the planning and accounting
for the exploration work inasmuch as it requires a separate approach to
the territories and the ob~ects. However, this acceleration is ~ustified,
for the new planning system will promote increased efficiency of the geo-
logical exploration operations as a result of the following:
a) A sharp increase in the volume of exploration and parametric drilling in
- the old gas extraction regions as a result of reducing the number of pros-
pecting wells:
~9
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
- F'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
b) AcceleraCion of ehe prepararion and intrnducCion of Che deposita into
exp~rimenCal industrial ~peration and elimination of un~uatified comtaination
(overlap) of this phase with the exploraeory drilling phase; -
c) ~nsur~nce of accelerated diecovery of new gas reserves in order to mgin-
tain the achieved levela of extracCion.
5. The clasaiftcation of reserves of t}~e oil and fuel gas fielde puC inCo ;
effect on 13 May 1970 has a number of deficiencies. First of all this
refers to the category C2 reserves which inclu?le Che moet different gas
reserves with respect to degree of sCudy and preparation for induatr3.a1
development. The prospective reservee in this caCegory in the diecovered
fields on Che average throughout the counCry have been approximately 30 ,
percent confirmed. AC the same time the category C2 reserves in the new
structures (in the lower lying prospective beds, in the untesCed blocks,and
_ so on) are on the average no more than 10 percent confirmed, that is,
they turn out to be approximately 3 times less reliable than the reserves
in the discovered deposits.
Tl~e requirements imposed by the present clasaification on the category C1
reserves do not always correspond to the conditions of accelerated development
of the gas industry and can lead to over-exploration of small deposita w~.th
respect to reserves. Is~? particular, it is necessary, in our opinion, to
consider in category C1 the reserves of the deposits, the gas bearing nature
of which has been establiahed on tF~e basis of obtaining a gas inflow only
in one well if no more than three or four wells are required for develnpment.
In addition, it is expedient to assign the ~as reserves in the bede posi-
tively characterized by logging and with the limits of the deposit betweeti
the beds from which the industrial gas flows are ohtained, in this category.
For the rest, it appears to us the requirements on categories C1 reserves
should be left unchanged.
The reserves in the new structures and within the boundaries of the oil
and gas bearing regions, the productivity of which has not been confirmed
by testing in wells, must be considered in subgzound D1 of the predicted
reserves in the future. The requirements on the category C2 reserves which
must become the basis for planning the increased reserves for the explora-
tion organizations must be more precisely determined and increased. In the
old gas extracting regions the gas deposits in this category must serve as
the base for the completion of exploration by the methods of experimental
industrial operation and to a defined degree, the base for gas extraction.
In particular, the gas reserves in the untested tectonic blocks and beds,
especially in the lower-lying beds not revealed by the wells, must not be
~ncluded in category C2.
'fhe introduction of the proposals advanced in this paper will promote a
sharp increase in exploration work, acceleration of the preparation of the
20
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
' F'OR OFFICIAL U5E ONLY
~ reserves of the industrial categoriea and improvemenr of the eff~ctivenesa
of geological exploration work as a whole,
COPYRiGHT: IzdaCel'stvo "Nedra", "Geologiya nefti i gaza", :979
10845
CS0:1822
~
. f
21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOR OFFICIAZ US~ ONLY
FU~LS AND RELATED EQUIPM~NT
F'REDICTING OIL AND GAS RESERVES BY THE DCVELOPMENT CURVES
Moscow GEOLOGIYA NEFTI I GAZA in Rusaian No 2, Feb 79 pp 7-13
[Articlelhy M. G. Leyhson, VNIGR Institute]
CText] The meChods of comparative geological analysis and the volumetric-
gene~ic analysis permitting a more orless ob~ective quantitative character- -
istic of the proapects of oil and gas bearing nature to be given from the
geological and geochemical points of view are widely nsed to predi~:t
the oil and gas reserves.
However, there is a geological-economic aspect (in the broad sense of this
concept) of the prediction estimate. The direction and intensity of the
geological exploration activity (~ust as the representation of the in- ~
dustrial significance of a field and the balance reserves themselves) are
affected by the factors of an economir_ order--the demand of the country for
oil and gas, the effectiveness of the geological exploration work, the
scientific and technical progress during the exploration work, the pros-
pecting and development of the fields, and so on. The realization of the
predicted reserves--conversion ~~f them to industrial categories--w:;tl always
appear as the result of geologi~al exploration wc?rk, that is, the a~:~lication
In an efficient sequence of defined methods and technic:~ means with limited
expenditures. Without the requirec' consideration of t?ie economic factors,
among which it is necessary to include the aubetantiation of the extraction
coefficients of the oil and gas, estimati~n of the predicted reserves of
the latter can turn out to be idealized. Therefore it is necessary to. -
supplement the traditional methods of quantitative evaluation of the pros-
pects for oil and gas bearing by another one based on the analysis of the
effectiveness of the preparation and dynamics of the development of the
reserves. It must be based on the following scientific prerequisites.
'i'he oil and gas reserves are finite. The oil and gas bearing beds are of
a regional nature. The deposits are concentrated in zones of predominant
oil and ~as acctanulation. The deposits can be encountered throughout the
1. For discussion.
22
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
eneire secrion of the sed3mentary mantle and in Che upper erosion zones of -
the basemenC, forming Che oi1 and gas bearing complexes, As a ru~.e, the
basic industrial accumulation of oil and gas~ is aesociaCed with one or two
such complexes within the limiCs of the average depth range (1.5-3 km).
The greater part of the deposits (about 80 percent) are concenCrated itt a
relarively ema11 number. (up to 10 Fercent) of large and largesC deposits
which also determine.Che economic aignificance of the oil and gas her~ring
areas [4, 8, 11].
In Chis hisCory of the investigation and industrial developmenC of the oil ~
and gas bearing provinces it 3:s possible prov3sionally Co isolate severa,l
Cime pha~es diatinguished by the state of exploration, Che relaCions between
the search and exploration operations and the eff ectiveness of preparing
the reservea. The large deposits usualy connected with broad conCrast
traps are discovered in the initial phases of operation with the proper
strategy [3].
The effectiveness of the geological exploration work and also the level of
extraction of oil and gas depend to a high degree on the magnitude of the
potential reserves, their concentration, and the conditions of their oc-
currence, therefore in principle it ts entirely logical to state the in-
verse problem--determination (more precise definition) of the potential
reserves with respect to the given dynamics of� the effectiveness of the
exploration work or with respect to extraction. -
- The quantitative relation between Che potential oil reserves, the dynamic
nature of the increase in reserves and extraction was described earlier
(M. K. Hubbert, 1949~, and it was used to estimate "the~probable" and
,"possihle" reserves in the United States.
The analogous studies were~performed also in the USSR in connection with
the necessity for prospective and long-range planning of the search and
exploration [6, 9]. , .
= The generalization of the geological-statistical materials with respect to
many of the oil and gas. bearing regions of the world j7] has demonstrated
the sigriificant effect of the historical peculiarities of tfie development
of the geological exploration work and the con~uncture of.the oil and gas
demand on the nature of the development curves of their reserves. In the
areas with different history of development, tfie maximum oil extraction
level is 2 to 3 percent (more rarely, 1 to 1.5 percent) of the potential
extracted reserves, and it is establislied at 65 to 75 percent of tfie
exploration of the latter.
Tlie effectiveness of the search and exploration work reaches a maxim~an at
15 to 25 percent exploration of the potential reserves, and it drops hy
three times at 5Q percent [5].
23
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~dk n~~ICIA1. US~ ONLY
~ '1'he preKented relnCinn~ permit not only pl~nning di the effectivene~~ df
the ~xpldrntion oper~tiong and their volumeg, hut ~lso 3udgmenC nf the
reli~bility vf estimating the potential regervee nnd the sign of Che errnr.
1'he5e rel~tion~ C~n be u~ed reliebly if the explnr~tinn of the individunl
- party c~f the reginn dr it~ oil and gas be~rtn$ compl~xeg take~ p1~Ge Withnut
j;re:~t interruptiong in tim~. Witliin the limieg of the province dr ehe
region~ the nnalyzed reletione must be determined by each are~ ~nd the
complex individually undpr the conditidn th~t Che 1~Cter diff~r ~hgrply with
reype~t tn degree of etudy.
}lowever, it is neceseary Co keep in min~ th~t the digproportion betwe~n the ~
explorat.ion of the potential regerves and the effeGtivenese nf the ~eoldgic~l
~~r.p1~~r~7tidn work can be cgused not only by si~nificant ~rrors in eatimating
tt~e predir.r.~d reserves but ~lso g number of nther Cguses--imprdper planning
_ ~~f tlie se~rch opergtions (conCentration of them in relatively 1ow-progpecti~~e
,~reas), association df ~ gigni�icant part of the prpdicted res~rves aith
clie deeply submerged deposits that are difficult of access, by the inef-
fi~ient method of search and exploration.
Hor purposeg of long-range planning of the geological explorntion work,
tt~ere is n theoreticul possibility of predicting the n~anber of beda under
the corresponding reserves which will be opened up durin~z the process of
continuous and uniform exploration of a prof~pective terri.tory [2]. The
curves reflecting the growth of the explored reserves fl~tten out as their ~
x axes approach the magnitude of r.he extracted potential reserves of the
y;iven are~. The probability-atatistical simulatinn permits sufficiently
t~igt~ly accurate predictinn of the reserves of the provinces end large
regions in the preaence of the requir~d initial information about the opera-
ting efficiency and the statistical distribution law of the deposits Wi[h
respect to area and reserves.
'I'}~e initial potential oil (gas) reserves with respect to the area as a whole
c~r with respect to individual prospective complexes can be determined:
1) ~y the coefficient of exploration of the po[ential reserves, corresponding
c~? tt~e maximum effectiveness of the explor~tion work or the great~st annual
extr.~c t ion;
Z) Wtth respec[ to the curves characterizing the dynamics of the prepar.~tion
uf the reserves or extrac[ion (graphical method~;
3) With respect to the prob~bilicy-statistical models (analytical method).
"I'i~e [irst method is the s~mplest and most approximate. ~y the actual da[a
~~n cl~e dynamics of the effectiveness of preparation of the reserves or by
cf~e m~ximum oil (gas) extraction in the region and the corresponding ex-
pior,7tion factors adopted by analo~y, the ms~gnitude of the potential reserves
is established.
2~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~OEt O~~ICLAL US~ ONLY
~x~mple. The ~ff~ctiven~~~ of the aper~tions in the ~reg with re~peCt to
tl~e expinr~d complexew nf depoeiea hag cee~pd tn be maximni--eo c~rrp~~~nd
ro 2d perC~nt ~xplnrnrion of the potpneial reeerves~ The Cotel magnitude
nt the exCrecC~d ~xplor~d oi1 rp~~rv~g (CgtE~dX~I'~ A+B+C1~-:trgction) un
r.he da~e of achipv~m~nt of the m~ximwa effp~tivene~9s i~ 100 millton to~~e.
'fhe extr~cted pgrt n~ th~ potpntigl oil rpe~rve~ in Che arpa by the ea~ne
c~mplex ~nounte to thp following: 100:0.7 ~ S00 mill.ion Cone.
'Ch~ egtimet~ o~ the pnC~ntial r~~~rvc~ wiCh re~p~ce to Ch~ maximtm ext~~ectinn
l~vei i~ more r~liable g r~aulr of gre~t~r reli~bility nf ehe inieiFil det~~
_ Thus, wherpae the maximum ~nnual dil eatrgctinn in the are~ wg~ 2 mi119.on
tong and it was assumed thgC Chie v~lue Corresponde to 2 percenC potential
~xtr~ceed reserves, th~ amounC nf the 1gtC~r ig det~rmined at 500 ~illion
tong. 'fhe reliability of the re~ult~ obtained dep~ndg on the correctne~g
d~ th~ ~~lpeeion ~nd ~ubstantiaeinn of th~ r~tio~ (derermined by ~~n~r~liz~-
- tion di th~ ~ctual material with regpect to g 1~rge number of ail gnd gns
benring gree~ of the aorld) between the potential regerve~ and th~ extr~n~l -
ittdexeg of Cheir development.
The d~ficiency of the procedure is tnat it does noC refleat the dynamicg of
r.he aesimilation of the reaerves~ and it do~a not permit simulation of this
process considering the progpecCg for the introductian of n~w equipment
nnd technology. The moat prnbable estimate error is +50 percent.
The gecond procedure is bgsic. It requires the congtruction of the curv~s
for the develop~nent of oil and gae reserves (graphical models), the initial
aQgmentg of Which are drawn by the actual data, and then they are extrapolated
to nlmoat canplete amoothing out. It is very important to establish the
position of the characteriatic points of Che curves (maxima, inf lections,
limits of extrapolation). The reliability of the extrapolation depende
above all on the ob3ectiveness and the representativeness of the actual
material. If with reapect to the areas and complexes of deposita the _
maximum effectivenesa of preparation of the reaerves or the highest level
oE extraction are achieved, the extrapolation can be done quite reliably~
and the potential reserves are determined With relatively high accuracy
(error to +30 percent).
The effectiveneas of Che geological exploration operations ia expressed by
the increase in reserves and depends on the concentraeion of the latter in
the large and largest deposite. If it becomes obvious that the largest
deposits are already discovered in the area and basically explored, then
� it is pogsible quite exactly to deteimine the maacimum efficiency of the
preparution of the reserves and the highest level of extraction which in
practice is also done vhen compiling the prospective plane.
The effort to construct the approximation model of the preparation of the
reserves~ depending on the drilling vol~es, was undertaken previously
(1J. For extrapolation of the curvea for asaimilation af the reservea,
n model ie selected or versions of the models corresponding to the geological
25
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
, ~ox o~~tcint. us~ oN~.Y
and eG~nnmiG cnndir~ong uf th~ investigaeed nrpa~ eh~ hisedricgl peculic~ritie~
~rrd trend~ in iCe development, ~n the develnpm~nt modele, the png~ibl~
~Cient~fic pnd techni~:~l progre~e in Che prdcedure, Che technique gnd ehe
orgnnizaeinn of op~rati:?.~e with reepeee to ehe preparation and exeraction nf
the re~ervee~ eh~ vgrigtion c~f the geoldgical condition~ of performing the
operntion~ (unforCun~C~ly Che ~cienCific and t~chniCal Cumpon~ne of the
fnr~~~st r~cng+,ng procedur~ly poorly inv~s~igated) mugt be t~k~tt intn accdunt.
R~_
� ~ _ _
~
0
u
w ~d~
w ~
h ~ Q
d
~ u
e~
N ~ dR
a a~ ~
.~,Y Q.Y 6 time
80 4 ~ 3
(
~J ~
40 ? I
I 4
?0 J I ~ I
~
1~
o ~v tio a sc~ ,no
~ Degree of exploration of potential reserves, z
Figure 1. 5tandard curves for the dynamics of the increase in the reserves
(OR), extraction (Q) as a function~ of time (A) and the relative
effectiveness of the exploration work (E, X) and rate of selection
of the potential reserves (Q, X) as a function of the eacploration
_ of the potential reserves (B). Integral curves: ER--total explored
reserves; ER--cotal extraction. The crosa-harched area under the
differentiel curve is numerically equal to the potential reserves
~~poc~ �
- 'I'he reserve development curves depend oii the indexes by which they are con-
structed; if the curve is integral (compiled by the e~mary data), then
rhe magnitude of the potential extracted reserves is Rumerically equal to
the y-axia of its horizontal section; if it is differential (compiled by
the annual ctata)~ then i[ is eq~al to the area bounded by this curve and
26
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~Ott n~~ICIAL US~ ONLY
~ thc~ x-nxig, The dift'rrettCit~~ r.urv~~ u~unlly ar~ chnract~rixed by dne pegk
HI~11'tcd in Che dlrec~inn of the y-nxie; Ch~ integral Curve~ have infl~ction
pninCg ~nd ~eymptoric~lly approech the hot~izontel eCr~ightlin~ corr~~p~nding
tn ehe finite ~xtrgction of min~rnig (~igur~ 1).
'The main diff~r~nce iu the eh~p~ of th~ Curv~~ for th~ ~ffe~tivenes~ of vre-
pnr~rion of the r~eerveg gnd oi1 exCraCCion congigCe in the fact th~t their
crieie~l pointe do not eoincide in timp: Ch~ peake ~rp gt 15-25 gnd 65-75
percent resp~cCiv~ly di th~ expldcgCi^n of thie pdtential reeervee. Th~rp -
fore rhe pxtraction regch~g the highese level when eh~ effectivenpg~ nf
prepgrgtion df Che r~~erv~s becnm~~ so~ewhat 6elnw it~ mgximum.
Th~ third procedure is recdmmendedfor uee in relatively eariy gtgg~~ of prepgrg-
tion, in the absence of acCual data for consCruction and r~liable extrapola-
tion of rhe reeerve dev~lopment curves, on the bagi~ of the ava31ab1e deea
on the gtructure end the proepecCa for oil and gg~ bearing nf th~ region
considering ite anatogy with nther comparacively well invesCigat~d eerritories,
the probability-atatigtical model of the explor~tinn nf the reserve~ ig
eelected.
The cdrrect point df view is the prnp~s~.rion thgt the digtribution (the
frequency of encounter) of the deposits with respect to eize (re~erved)
in the overall set ie aubject to a atatistical law [2, 12~. Some of the
regearchers conaider that the pobability of rhe distribution of the deposita
with respect to size is subject to a log normal law.
The digcovery nf the depoaiCa and, conaequently, ehe increase in the rese r~es,
depend on the volumes and placement (direction) of the exploration work.
Being given different rates of the latter, it is possible. beginning With
the adopted distribution function of the reserves, to eatabliah the corres-
ponding increase in them. Inasmuch as the probability of the discovery
of large deposits of the greatest, they will be discovered first of all.
With an increase in exploration on the average the probability of dis-
covery of smaller depositb inc~~ases, ct~et is, the efficiency of the operations
is lower, and the integral curve for the preparation of the reserves, on
leveling off~ approaches the iniCial potential reserves on the graph.
The method of eatimating the potential reserves by thPir assimilation curves
theoretically may be used in the oil and gas bearinR reRions of anv sacle.
including the Volga-Ural and Western Siberian regions. However~ the emaller
tt~e area, the more unifotm it is with respect to atructure and degree of
exploration, the greater the regularity characterizing the reserve preparation
and extraction curves and the more certainly it is possible to extrapolate
them. The estimate of the potential reserves is found to be reliable when
the decrease in effectiveness of the exploration work caused by explora[ion
of the largest deposits begins. The method of the assimilation curves can
be successfully also in the early stage of investigation in combination
aitl~ the transitional methods if in accordance with the set of geological
daca and by analogy there are prerequiaites for predicting the discovery
of large depoaits. The reserves of zhe large deposits predetermine the
27
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~Utt Ue`~ICIAL US~ ONLY
level ot gre~Cegt efficienGy of the explor~einn wark in th~ r~gion~ and
the nc~ur~cy o~ ~~tim~ting the regerve~ wi11 Correspond en Che relit~biliCy
of prediCting the dis~dv~ry of the~~ depo~iC~,
Thug, thp m~iri limiting factor in the application of the method ia the
gt~c~ d~ g~nldgic~l tnve~tigntion of the region gnd expldr~~ion o~ its
bngiC d~posiCe. Th~ exploraCinn nf a field ig deCprmined f~y th~.yolumeB
and the arr~ngement df Ch~ opergtion~. Accordingly, it ig n~Geeegry
tn di~~u~g Cwo Cheoreticglly different atrategiae (~sy~tem~) for g~nlogiC~1
gtudy nnd ~xplorgtinn of depo~its--sliding ~ttd bunah~ng.
The essenCe nf the fnrmer consi~ts in the exCreme nonuniformity of ar-
rnn~ement of the volum~e of operatians which, after diacovery of the firgt
indugtri~l gccumulutions are concentrated in one Co twn znneg fc~r Che
fastest groweh of industrial re~erve. When a eharp decregge nccurg in the
- eEficiency of the explnraCion, the displaCement of the op~r~tions to nther
projects tgkes place. Ther~fnre the dirscnvery of the princip~l znnes ~nd
regions of oil and gas gccumulaCion gnd the gchievement of the greatest
eEficiency of the explorarion occurs not in the initial ~tage of the ~x-
plor~eion procegs. The sCepped nature itt ehe gtudy of the region can be
- m~nifested not only with respect to grea, but also with respect to the
section and rypes of tr~pa. The dynamic of thp efficiency of the operatidns
is chnr~cterized by the curve 1(~igure 2). The "sliding" atrgtegy of the
exploration to one degree or anocher holda up the discovery of the po-
tential posaibilities of the rajority of oil and gas bearing provinces.
The application of it often ig dictated by the limited economic end pro-
duccion possibilities and to g great degree by the existing sygtem of planning
of geological exploration wark.
The "bunching" etrategy of exploration is baaed on the principle of atudying,
"from the general to the special" by uniform placement of the vol~es of
geological exploration work throughout the entire territory in order to
discover all of the basic zones of oil and gas acc~m?ulation with respect to
the entire eection of the sedimentary mantle in Che initial atage of the
investigation. After discovery of the structure and estimating the prospec-
tiveness of the oil and gas bearing beds by geological-geophysfcal operations
and prospecting drilling~ the exploration is concentrated in the richest ~
zones of oil and gae accumulation, including the large and largest deposits.
As the oil and gas 6earing province (region) is developed, the exploration
work ot,:omes more conaolidated in the less rich zones and also in the
complex structures. It must be noted that sufficiently reliable information
about the structure and the prospects for oil and gas bearing nature of a
region as a whole is obtained in [he initial phase Af the investigation,
whicl~ ensure:s optimal choice of che di;ection of exploration work and the
hi~hest effectiveness on th~ avprage for the entire period of realization
of tl~e potential reserves.
2f3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~OR OF~IC~AL US~ ONLY
~ oC
y W... ~
N
CJ '
~ ~ , ~
~ /
. u
a~
w .
w
d �
w I ~
N I
O!
~ ls
i~~'
a
0 t~ t� ' Time -
~igure 2. Cher~~teri~eic curv~~ fnr th~ prepargtidn df re~prve~ for dif-
ferenC ~y~t~me r~f ~xploration of a region. InCegral curvee fdr
the incr~ase in the reserves or the following kinds of sygtema:
1--eliding, 2--bunching; curves for the dynamics of th~ effective-
nesa of the expl~ration wark for the following eyaCeme: 3--sliding,
4--bunching; time of achievpment of rhe mriximum effectivenes~
~ for the system: ttt -sliding, t~ -bunching.
In the initial phase of exploration by the "hunching" gyatem the increage~
in the reserves of industrial categories gre small inasmuch as the entire
volume of drilling ia spent on finding the deposits. As th~: exploration
operations attd their placement in the largeat depoaita groWr the effective-
ness increaees sharply and reaches a maximum appreciably ear.lipr than for
Che "sliding" syatem. Then on making the trattsition to exp:loration of the
less rich zones and deposits, the intensity of the increase in the reaerves
decreases regUlarly (see Figure 2, curve 2).
For all of the advantages, the "bunching" strategy for exploration also has _
deficiencies: it~is not always applicab~e in very large, little-exploited
and difficult of access regions; it requtres a unfted~ long range program
of geological exploraCion work on the scale of the entire region~ the
concen~ration of 8ignificant means for a number af yeara only on geological
exploration work and correapondingly, during~theee yeare, refraining from
exploration and increasing the reaerves of industrial categoriea.
In the broad territories of the type of the Siberian platform obviously the
optimal strategy will be a mixed or combined strategy of exploration:
"sliding" for the province as a whole, "Tiunching" for individual regioas of
it.
From What hae been etated it is clear that the most favorable conditiona
for predicting the reservea by the method of asaLnilation curves are created
in the ca9es Where the strategy for atudying the oil and gas proapective
region is "bunching." The reliability of the estimates ~n thia case is very
29 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~
. ~n~ n~~tcrnt, us~ nrn,Y
I~lgt~ ~lreddy in th~ initi~l exploration at~ge. With the "~liding" ey~eem
lt~ ~pplicneinn i~ exp~dient in n rel~tively lgter etage nf pacplnraCinn
wh~n th~ effpceiven~~g nf the lntter hng pn~~ed iCs highegC level.
Tf~e methnd ~esimilation curveg cgn play an impnrtgnt role in the sy~rem fnr
gepnrnte predictinn nf Ch~ oil gnd ga~ re~erv~~ in region~ such an th~
Urn1-pdvdlzh'ye regidn, predk~vk~z'yp, Timano-I~~chorgkayg PrnvinCe, W~~C~rn
Sibpri~, CenCr~l Agin, Sakhglin, gttd ~o on~ nnt only gg independent, but
in combinaeion with nrdinary g~dldgiCnl m~thnd~ of predicting Ch~ re~erve~~
~'or the reginng and cnmplexeg nf depnsies wieh high explnr~Cinn indexe~
the error itt ~~Cimgting Ch~ potential gnd fnreaaet reserve~ by ehe inve~ti-
gated meehnd ineignificgntly exceeds ttip ~ver~ge errnr wieh regpert Co th~
tot~l c~eegory reserves. mherefor~ the ~gsimilgtion curv~s are recnmmended
fur u~e for e~eimaring thp pnCentinl r~gerveg of the gtand~rd g~ceinng,
sub~Canti~Cing the densiries nf the r~~erved, i~nproving ehe methodg of
analy~is end more preriee determin~tintt df ehe numericgl value~ of the
acc~unulntion faCtore and other parameters uged in the methods nf cnmpgrgtivc
geologic~l attalysig ~nd in volumetric-genetic analyaie.
't'he methnd of ~ssimilation curvee of the reserves cannot replace the geo-
logiCnl forecasCing, for without discovering the laws of epatial arrgngement
c~F the oil c~nd gas deposits, it gives an ide~ only of their total reeerves.
}{~wever~ itg broad use, ~ust as the improvement as applied to varioue
~eologic~l condiCions, will undoubtedly promote an incregse in reliability
oF predicting the oil and g~a reserve~ und consequently~ improvpment of tt~e
efficiency of the geological exploratinn work.
BIBLIOGRAF'HY
- 1. Balmasov, V. A., and Kamenetskiy, S. G., "Some Procedures of the Method
of Predicting Explored Reserves of Oil Fields," REF. NAUCH.-TEKHN. SB.
VNIIO~NG. S~R. EKONOMIKA NE~TYANOY PROMYSHLENNOSTI (Reviews of the
5cientific and Technical Collections, VNIIOENC Institute, Economica of
the petroleum Industry Series), No 9, 1977, pp 26-28.
7.. B~ymukhametov, K. S., and Sattarov, M. M., "A Prabability-Statistical
Model of Predicting the Growth of Oil Reserves," GEOLQGIYA NEFTI I GAZA
(Oil and Cas Ceology), No 3, 1976, pp 27-32.
3. Vesnina, T. M., "Problems of Economic Evaluation of the Geologica] Oil
ynd Gas Exploration Work~" GEOLOGIYA-NEF'TI I CAZA, No 6, 1976, pp 31-39.
4. Lindtrop, N. T.; Anfilatova, E. A.; bmitriyeva, Ye. A.; and Shvartsman,
A. 0., G~OLOGICH~SKIY~ zAKONOM~Ft~~O5TI RA5F'ROSTRAN~NIYA KRUPNYKH
M~STOROZNDENIY NEFTI I GAZA ZA RUBEZHOM (Geological Laws of the Spreud
of Large Deposits of Oil and Gas Abroad), Leningrad, Nedra, 1970.
30
FOR OFFICIAL U5E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~O~t OF'~~CIAL U5~ ONLY
5. SCna~nkov, V. V., Zhur~vl~vg, p. Krylnv, N. A.; gnd Kuvykin, Yu~ S.,
"prnhl~n of Pzediceing the ~ffectiveneg~ of Oil gnd Gae Exploraeinn
Work," REF. NAUCH.-TEKHN. SB~ VNIIOENG. S~R. N~F'I'~GAZ. 4EOL. I GEO~IZ.
(SrienCific and Technical AbstracC~ Colleceion, VNIIO~NG, Oi1 and Gg~
Geology and Genphys3ce Series~, No 9, 1976, pp 3-5.
6, Modelevekiy, M. Sh., end OeCryy, G~ B~, "Compatibility in th~ bev8lnp-
ment of Large Oi1 Exeracring Reginne," N~FT' I GAZ TYUM~NI (Oi1 and Gag
of Tyumen'), No 1~ ].969, pp 9-15.
7. Mndelevskiy, M. Sh.; Baliyev, 5. A.; Selitskiy, A. G., eC al, "Snme ~
Geological-~conomic Prerequieites of Long-Range ~orecaeting of the
Development of Oi1 and Gae Extraction,," 50VETSKAYA G~OLOGIYA (SovieC
G~ology), No 8, 1975, pp 17-26.
NeeCerov, I~ I~; poeeryayevg, V. V.; gnd Salmanov, K., ZAKONOM~RNOSTI
ItA5PIt~DEL~NIYA KItUPNYKH MESTOROZHD~NIY N~FTI I GAZA V zEMNOY KOIt~
- (Lawg of Distribution of Large Oil and Gas Deposi~e in the ~arth'e Crust),
Moscow, Nedra, 1975. ~
9. Ostryy, G. B., and Poteryayeva, V. V., "Geological-~conomic Problema of
, the Development of the Oil ExCracCing Industry of Western Siberia,"
EKSPEtESS-INFORMATSIYA VNIIOENG~ SER. NEF'TEGAZ. GEOL. I GEOFIZ.
(Expresa In~ormaCion, VNIIOENG InaCitute, Oi~. and Gse Geology and
Geophysics 5eries), No 21-22, 1967,pp 8-14.
10. Kazakov, D. B.; Nesterov, I. I.; Poteryayeva, V. V.; and Roetovtsev~ N. N.~
"Potential Reaerves of the Weatern Siberien Lowland and the Direction of
Ceological ExploraCion Work~" NEFT' I GAZ TYUMENI, No 1~ 1969. pp 15-20.
11. Preobrazhenskaya, G. S.; Klycheva, N. Yu.; and Ivanova, K. P., GEOLOGI-
CHESKIYE ZAKONOMERNOSTI RASPROSTRANENIYA KRUPNYKH MESTOROZHDENIY NEFTI
I GAZA V SSSR (Geological Lawa of Propagatior[ of Large Oil and Gas
Depoaits in the USSR), Leningrad, Nedra, 1971.
12. Shpil'man, V. I.~ "Procedure for Predicting the Sizes of Depoaits,"
TRUDY ZAPSIBNIGNI (Works of the Wegtern Siberian ScieriCific Reaearch
Gas ~snd Oil Institute), No 53, 1972, pp 18-126.
COPYRICH'C: Izdatel'stvo "Nedra", "Geologiya nefCi i gaza", 1979
10845
CS0:1822
31
� FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~'OR O~~ICIAI. US~ ONLY
F'U~LS AND RELAT'~D ~QUYpMENT
UUC 553.9g1.6:551.762(571.1)
PREbxCTII~Ci CONr~, CONSFOSZTZON OF' COND~NSAT~, CONDENSA'rE OU~ CO~FF~CIENT
Moscow C~OLOCIYA N~~TI I GAZA ~n Itu~eian No 2, Feb 79, pp 33-37
[Articl~l,by T. D. Ostrnvskaya~ Central Labnra~ory nf the Glavtyumen'geologii
AdministraCinn]
[Test] The gnalysis of the materinle of the inveatigation of the ggs con-
densate depoeite made it poeaible Co detect a number of generul lgwa with
respect to the eolubility of high-boiling fractions in straCal gas, Chat
is, prediction of the condensate contenC in the proapective areas. The
efforts to find the relaCion of the potential condensate content in the
stratAl gas to the individual factora have been made by a number of researchera
(1, 2, 4J. In parCicular~ the dependence of the concentration of oil and
gus CS + the higher fractiona in stratal gases on the depth of occurrence
of the depoaite (lj and also the cumulative effect of presaure, temperr~ture,
composition of Che eCratal gas, condensate and oil (in the preaence of
mnrgins of the latter), the conditiona of formation of the depoaits on the
actual condensate content in the gas [2J were demonatrated.
Considering the numerous factual data, we hr~ve established the relation of
tl~e group hydrocarbon composition of tiie condensates with temperature and
pressure in the deposit (Figure 1). The graphical dependence of the po-
tential condeneate content on the thermobaric conditions of finding the
deposita and the group hydrocarbon composition of the condensate was also
illustrated [4). The discovered laws provided the basia for this paper.
Previously [3j a aeparate forecast was made of the phase state of the o~l
and gxs in the depoeits in the little-studied territory of the northern
part of the Tyumen' Oblast; maps were cnnstructed of the predominant apread
of oil and gas condensnte deposits.
The presenc~ of oil deposi[s in the lower and middle Jurassic formations
was proposed in the northwestern region--in the northern Yamal'skaya oil and
1. For discuseion.
32
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~Ott 0~'FICIAL U5~ ONLY
g~~ bearing region nnd in Che northwesC of Che ~outhern Yamal'skaya Itegion,
in pnrtlculsr in ehe Nurminekiy megaewell, in rhe Khgr~~aveyskiy Dome, in
th~ HtruCtures o� rhe Nakhar'yakekiy end ehe Ust'-Yerkueyayakhskiy swe11~,
in eh~ rreobrazhengkiy and Mgglyginskiy locgl gntiiclinals~ In the remaining
reginng of ehe ndrrhern parr of the Ty~nnen' Ob1a~e ~nd th~ Krgsnoyar~k Kray,
depo~its were predicted wiCh predominanC single phase (gas) conCenC--gas
condensaCe or gas condensaee with oi1 margine. A forecast is made of ehe
condeneate conCene in the straeal gas and its hydrocgrbon compogition.
The prncedure ueed in Che work cnnaisted in the following. ~'or 1oca1 uplifrs,
by the strucCural map the srratal pres~ure was calculaeed in the proposed
gag condensate depoaita, and by the geothermal gradient map, the atratal
remperature. Then using Figure 1~ ehe hydrocar6on composition of the con-
densates diesnlved in Che ggses of Che forecaseed deposiCa wae determined.
Th~ resulta of Che calculations are preaented in Figure 2. Coneidering ehe
informaCion ebouC the tihermobaric condiCiona of the nccurrence nf the ~
deposiCs and the group hydrocarbon composition of Che condeneates, we
predicted the amount of condensaCe in the sCraeal gas by Che previously
discussed procedure [4].
N
~
\
d
~ ~
O'
, I~ 1S
~ ~ ~ ~GS
. ~ ~ / ~
y s i ~
a,~" ~ / ~
~
~ ~ ~ ~
v ,oo .
?0 40 60 80 m0 !20 !40
Stratal tea?perature, �C
Figure 1. VariaCion of the group hydrocarbon com~osition of condensates
under various thermodynamic conditiona of the occurrence of the
depoaits. Hydrocarbons: 1--aromatic; 2--naphthene
.
33 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
,
. I ~
~p
, ,
4~ s ~ae--1
~ '
'
~
C ~
,
� r ~ r
~ ~ ~ ydNNA'8 ~ .
, , Y o C
. , ~ ~ ,
D .
,
,
A. ~i,~~ !Y
oCa~e i ; ~ '
~
� ~
i
~ ~ ~ ~
1X ~ ~
B . 6e 30e o ~ 2 ~ ~ .
~ ~�3~ ~YT '~1 ~ '
( ~/9' ~r q=
~
7Jv'~/~r,//j~J 9t ~
~ ~ ~~�'(~r1 1 ~Pl~~ ~~C ~
~ LJ) [ ~ .
~ ~ l~ ~ Y~~
~ / /
I
~ ~ Cr`L_ D oC~ ! 7 ~ 1~ .
' ~ i X~ei- ~MHar yp ; ~i -
. ,~~7 ~ J1 ; T7~
C ~ ~
, ~ , , ~
Figure 2. Predicting the group hydrocarbon coIDposition of condeneates in
the deposits of the lower and middle Jurassic. Zonea of pre-
- daminant propagation of the beds: 1--gas cpndensate (including
~ vith oil margins), 2--oil; boundaries: 3--oil~and gas bearing
regions, 4--oil and gas bearing regions; 5--hydrocarbons ~
in the numerator--naphthene, in the denominator--aromatic.
Oil and gas bearing regions: I--Northern Yamal'skaya, II--Uat'-
Yeniaey, III--Nadym-Purskaya, IV--Pur-Tazovskaya, V--Southern
Yamal'skaya, VI--Sredneobekaya [Central Ob], VII--Payduginakaya,
� VIII--Frolovskaya, IX--Priural'skay [Ural Region].
Key: A. Salekhard
B. Berezovo ~
C. Khanty-Manskiysk
D. Surgut
E. Dudinka
3~+
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
I
~ FOR OF~ICYAL U5E ONLY ~ .
' 1
3AD 1 " 460
~ ~ 'r~.
I~
I
, ~ Z'N . . , I I
. 0 ~i
~ �~'~,r .
a2 1 1! f~y/C~HNA'8
. ,
~ ; a E.
30 i ~ 1?0
~ , Y ~ ~
v % 30
i,
~ ~ .
A. oCanexev ~o~ ; 0 N
i~ .
~ ~ ~o .
!X Z~
~ d~p~' o ~i,o
~ S .6e s~e .
Y!~ ~ 2~ ri
, e~ o ~'0 .
~ \130 '20 ~
Y/!I s�~ 2
o
f~o , B
. � ~ ~ Z' ~ ; Y!!
.
~ n 1 ~ po ;
aa~a HNC~r p~ ~o ,
_ � . C. ~F~ D. ~C~
. ~ j~ ~~j ~ fo ' �
Figure 3. Forecasting map of the variation of the potential condensate
content in the stratal gas of the deposits of the l~ower and
middle Jurassic. 1--Potential conden~ate conCent in the
stratal gas, g/m3, remaining provisional notation, see Figure 2. _
Key: A. Salekhard ~
B. Berezovo
C. Khanty-Manaiyak
. D. Surgut
E. Dudinka ~
35
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOIt OFFICIAI, U5E ONLY
~ r
~ os.~ r
' o, ~ ~ ~
,47 0,61
, ~63~ ~ ~
,s i ~f If ~HNIfB E.
~ ' v~
Y
' ~ '4 q6.~ ~ '
~
:'os ~
A. ~ Csn~ a ~~~1 y~ 1, is~ ~B~ '
\ i , 5 U
\ ~ ~ ~y
,~s ,
,
~ ~ , .
;A~o .
~ B. ~
ao M ~ p,7q I,Q, ~38~~
~5 G,"'~~~ ^ ,p,B) ~ Q7 ,p,77 ~~j60 i ~ (..J
p�g; ~ ~ S ~'r s~ V ~,p5
. U ~ ~a~ ~v
S 1/i
~ ' Y/!
, s~ ~
, D.oC r ~
XdH~~-M Nc~HcK~; y1� ,8
~ +
~ ; 0,75 ~ ~ �
Figure 4. Forecasting map for the variation of the coefficients of conden-
sate return of the deposits of the lower and middle Jurassic.
1--eondensate return factor. Remaining notationa aee Figure 2.
Key: A. Salekhard
B. Berezovo
C. Khanty-Manskiysk ~
D. Surgut
E. Dudinka
36
FOR OFFICIAL USl~ ONLY .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
As iy obvioua from Figure 2, Che condens.aCes,will be different with respect
to Che group hydrocarbon composirion: aramaCic tiydrocarbona in ~hem 5-25
percent, and naphthene 20-70~percent. C,1ear zonality is ot~served in Che
variation in tihe hydrocarbon group content with reapect Co area. The greatest
concentraeion of aromatic hydrocarbons 20 percent) was noted in the
condensates associated with the aubmerged zones of the investigated territory:
in the Vengapurovskiy, Nadymskiy, Urengoys~;iy, Gydanskiy and the Sredneyamal'-
skiy oi1 and gas bearing regions, Yn the northern part of Che Surgutskiy
(Aykhettinskoye, Verkhnenadymskoye and the collective dome uplifts) and also
in Lyaminakiy. With respect to direction of the side parts of the Western
Siberian platform, condensates will be encountered with low aromaCic hydro-
carbon content. In the Kazymskiy (Frolovskaya Oblast) and Tazovskiy
(Pur-Tazovskaya OUlast) oil and gas beari:ng rayons, Che aromaCic hydrocarbons
~will be 10 to 20 percent. The zones impoverisfied with respect to aromatic
hydrocarbons 10 percent) are predicted in Ust'-Yeniseyskiy and Kras-
nosel'kupskiy rayons, in the Pur-Tazovskaya oil and gas t~earing oblasta and
Che Priural'skaya Oblast.
The nature of variation of Che concentration of the naphthene hydrocarbons
in the condensates is somewhat differenC (:see Figure 2~. In the submerged
regions in the northern part of the Western Stb~erian platform, condensates
can be encountered wiCfi low naphthene hydrocarhon content in the group
hydrocarbon composition (.to 25 percent). In tfie s.ide parts of the platform,
their quantity increases sharply (to 50-70 percent~_.
On the basis of the f luctuations in Che hydrocarhon composition of the.
condensates, variaCion of the content of the latter in the stratal gas of
the deposits is predicted (see Figure 3). In tndividual deposits it will
vary potentially within the limits from 5 to 500 g/m3. Its highest con-
centrations (400-500 k/m3) are observed in the stratal gas of the Gydanskiy
and the Sredneyamal'skiy rayons and the northern part of the Urengoyskiy
, Oil. and Gas Bearing Rayon (Olikumlinskiy Swell) of the Nadym-Purskaya
Oblast.
In the oil and gas bearing rayons of Urengoys.kiy and Nadymskiy (Nadym-
Purskaya Oblast) and also in the Tazovskiy Rayon (Chasel'skiy Megaswell
in the Pur-Taz~vskaya Oblast) the.condensate content in tfie stratal gas
is 300-350 g/m .
In the Vyngapurovskiy Ayvasedopurovskiy ~Vyngapuroavakiy and Southe~n
Ayvasedopurovskiy swells in the Nadym-Purskaya Oil and Gas Hearing Oblast)
and in the Tazovskiy (Sredneme,~soyakhskiy and Messoyakhskiy swells in the
Pur-Tazovskaya Ohlast) rayons there will be 250-300 g/m3 of condensate in
the straCal gas.
The territory with condensate content of 200-25Q g/m3 occupies a significanC
area (see Figure 3~. This includes the structures of the Solpatinskiy Swell
(Bol'shekhetskiy and Verkhnetazovskiy oil and gas bearing xayonsZ and all of
the Yuzhno-Yamal'skaya Oil and Gas Bearing Oblast. ~
~ 37 .
FOR OFFIGIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/49: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100054416-8
~Olt d~~iCIAL US~ ONLY
Within thc limite of the Kr~~ndlenin~kiy nnd Ly~min~kiy r~ynng (~rolnv~k~ya
Uil and Caa t3earing Oblagt) probnbly the ~tratgl gnB includes 150~200 k/m3 -
of c~mdeng~te.
ln the depogitg loccsted in the aide aectione of the platfvrm, a low content -
c~C canden~nte i~ predirted. Thu~, in the oil c~nd gae bearing rgyon~
Kellogskiy and Ko~atrovgkiy (pur-`Tezav~knya Oblget), Shugin~kiy (Frnlov~knya)
it dn~s nnt exc~ed 150 g/m~. The lowegt cnndenente cnnG~ntr~tinn SO g/m3)
is propo~ed in thp I'riural'gkeya 031 gnd Ggg Begring Obl~gt ~nd the Nizhnpkhet-
skiy Rnyon di the Ust'-Yeniseyek~ya Ob1ggC.
The extrac:ted condensate reeerveg nre cr~lcul~ted on the bngig of the cnnden~
~ate return factor.
7'here i~ n clegr gr~phical rplarivn of the cnndengnte return Co~fficient
to tlie group hydrocarb~n compoaitinn of the condensate in the initial pnten-
- ti~~l content of the latter [5]. Considering thig dependence, on the bagis of
I~igure 2, 3, a forecasting map ie constructed for the variation of the cnef-
ficients of condeneate return for the bede of the investigated deposits
(E'tgure 4) .
A5 is obvious from Figure 4, the coefficiente of condengate return will
vary within broad limits (from 0.45 to 0.95). Clear zonaliCy ie determined
by the magnitude of this factor. Ita low value 0.6) occur in the depogits
. witt~ tt~e greateBt potenti~l condensate content--in the Gydanekiy, Sredne-
yamal'skiy and Tazovekiy oil and gas bearing rayons.
In the northern part of the 5urgutekiy Itayon~ in [he Lyamingkiy and the
_ Yuzhnu-Yamal'skiy rayons and also in the southern part of the Nadym-purgkaya
Oblast the condensate return factor is 0.6-Q.7.
In the side sections of the platform--in the PrLural'skaya, Ust'-Yeni~eyskaya,
Pur-T~zovskaya (eas[ern part) oil and gas hearing o~lasts~ high cvndensate
return factors are predicted O.a).
BIBLIOCRAPHY
l. Savvina, Ya. U., and Velikovskiy, A. S., "Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in
Binary Methane Syatems with Hydrocarbons of Different Croups."
- FI'LKHIMIYA AN SSSR (Physic:ql Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences),
Vol 30, No 1, 1966, p 1596.
'L. 5tarobinets, I. S., GEOLOGO-KHIMICHESKIY~ OSOBENNOSTI Gt120KONDENSATOV
(Ceological-Chemical Peculiarities of Cas Condensates), Leningrad,
Nedra, 1974.
3. Ostrovskaya, T. D., "Predicting the PhasP State of Hydrocarbons in
Western Siberia by the Thermodynamic Conditions of Occurrence of the
Deposits," G~OLOCIYA NEFTI I GAZA (Ceology of Oil and Gas), No 1, 1976,
pp 44-50.
3~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8
_
~Olt O~~ICIAL US~ dNLY
4. O~trnv~k~yn, U~; Khudy~kov, 0. gnd Yu~hkin, V. V., "Lata~ of
the ~nneent nf High-gniling Nydrocgrlantt~ in Strntgl Ggaeg of the
G~g-Cnnd~n~ate Deposite of ehe NorCA~rn Part of etie Tyumen' dblaee,"
t2AZRAgO'TKA GAZOVYKN I GAZdKONb~N5A'I'NYKH M~ST01tOZliD~NIY (Uev~lopmenC nf
Gns and Ga~-Cnndpneate Fielde), Moscow, 1976, pp z3-3Z.
5. Userovslcgya, T. b., and Yu~hkin, V. V., "Graphicgl Methnd uf bece rn~ining ~
the C~ndeneot~ Iteturn ~nctor.," G~OLOGTYA N~~TI I GAZA, Nd 9, i977,
pp 60-6~.
CbE'YRICHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nedra"~ "Geologiy~ nefti i gnzn", 1479
10845
CS0:18'l2 ~n
�
39
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/09: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050016-8