TERRORISM REVIEW

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• Publication Date: September 1, 1999

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 Sec
Sect
DI TR -008
September 1999
 Terrorism Review
September 1999
supported or worked alongside the militias
The insertion of the International Force for Bast Timor (INTBRFBT)
into the Indonesian province raises the potential threat to foreigners,
particularly from prointegration militias. The militias already have
conducted attacks and issued threats against foreign journalists and
international peacekeepers, including seriously wounding a US
civilian police officer. Attacks may continue from attempts to
disarm and possibly relocate the militias. Jakarta's efforts to contain
the violence in East Timor failed largely because the milita has
potential to turn. ugly are taking place elsewhere in the country.
The more threatening the peacekeeping mission is to the militias'
goal of keeping East Timor part of Indonesia, the higher the risk to
foreigners, as the militias may conclude they have little to lose by
attacking foreign targets. The greatest danger to foreigners is in East
Timor, particularly in the western regions, although protests with the
Secz~t
DI TR ~y-008
September 1999
 Key Dates and Events ,The Terrorism Diarv for October and November'
rorism July-August 1999u 21
This review is published monthly by the DCI Counterterrorist
Center. Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to
Information available as of 30 September 1999 was used in this
Review, except where otherwise noted.
 Prointegrationists Pose Threat
To Foreign Interests in East
Timor
The insertion of the International Force for East
Timor (INTERFET) into the Indonesian province
raises the potential threat to foreigners, particu-
larly from prointegration militias, which already
have conducted attacks and issued threats against
foreign journalists and international peacekeepers.
Attacks may continue from attempts to disarm and
possibly relocate the militias. The militias--con-
cluding that the UN manipulated the 30 August
ballot results favoring independence for East
Timor-attacked UN and other foreign targets,
including seriously wounding a US civilian police
officer. These attacks followed attempts by the
prointegrationists to ensure a favorable vote by
threatening foreigners before the balloting.
Timor Failed largely because the military has considered targeting them as a way to prevent the
suanorted or worked alongside the militias. 30 August referendum on East Timor independence.
? Prointegrationists on 26 August threatened to kill
The more threatening the peacekeeping mission is Australian journalists, according to press reports.
to the militias' goal of keeping East Timor part of
Indonesia, the higher the risk to foreigners, as the
militias may conclude they have little to lose by
attacking foreign targets. If prointegrafionist pro-
prointe-
grationist pararmhtary ea ers a panne to assas-
sinate United Nations Assistance Mission to East
posals for a partition of East Timor ultimately are
ignored, militias also may continue targeting UN
interests.
Bans, before the referendum on 30 August,
? The militias' capabilities to carry out attacks will
depend in part on continued support from Indo- Prointegrationists Attack and Threaten Foreign
nesian military elements. Interests in East Timor
? The greatest danger to foreigners is in East Prointegration militias followed through on threats
Timor, particularly in the western regions, against foreigners with attacks on United Nations and
although protests with the potential to turn u 1 other foreign interests after the UN Secretary Gen-
are taking place elsewhere iui the country eral's announcement on 3 September that the referen-
dum vote favored independence for East Timor.
Prointegration militias-armed East Timorese favor-
ing unity with Indonesia-intimidated foreigners and
 Se et 2
 Outside Timotl
Indonesian nationalists have issued threats to for-
eigners at:d held protests in Jakarta and Surabaya
in response to the ballot results and the deployment
of INTERFET to East Timor.
Indonesian protesters sacked the WestAustralia
Trade Off ce in Surabaya on 13 September.
? The Australian school in Jakarta received two
separate telephonic threats on 13 September. The
first caller made a bomb threat, and the second
threatened to kill orei Hers
Prointegrationists also conducted attacks against for-
eigners following the deployment of the International
Force for East Timor (INTERFET) on 19 September.
? Militia members burned 30 UNAMET vehicles and
opened fu?e on a UNAMET convoy in Likisia on
4 September, shooting and seriously in'urina a US
civilian olice officer
he number of protests
an ants- estern emonstrations outside the US
and Australian Embassies and the UN building in
Jakarta has increased since Indonesian President
Habibie announced on 12 September that Indo-
nesiawould accept UN peacekeeping forces in
East Timor.
protests
? Foreigners could become targets or inadvertent
casualties if violence erupts durine these
The prointegrationistsblarne the referendum results in
part on UNAMET, claiming it manipulated the ballot
results, and plan to confront international peacekeep-
ers to keep East Timor part of Indonesia.
? A militia leader told the press on 9 September that
the UN is responsible for electoral fraud, accusing it
of failing to count all the votes for autonomy.
? Militiamen fired on the Australian Ambassador's
vehicle and attacked the Australian Consulate in '
on 6 September, according t
? Alleged militiamen killed a Dutch Financial Times
reporter on 21 September in a Dili suburb after his
motorcycle driver tried to flee from six armed men,
according to press. In a separate incident the same
day, prointegrationists ambushed a British journalist
and a US photographer in Baukau, east of Dili.
Australian troops Later rescued the two
? Eurico Guterres, leader of the prointegration Aitarak
militia, told Indonesian Armed Forces Chief Gen-
eral Wiranto on 11 September that he would have no
regrets about killing nongovernmental organization
or UN employees who support the proindependence
side, according to press.
? According to press, militia have gathered in several
locations across East Timor'and plan to attack
INTERFET personnel. Appxoxirnately 500 mem-
bers of the Besi Merah l?utih (Red and White Iron)
 militia-possessing old and homemade guns-gath- Outloo>~
ered in Likisia on 23 September, c~aimit~~
would attack foreign peacekeepers
Indonesian Military Eiement~ Enhanre
Prointegrationist Capabiliti
Jakarta's initiatives to control the security situation in
East Timor have had little impact because Indonesian
military elements have supported prointegration
militias.
? Numerous reports indicate that Indonesian military
elements have aided or worked with prointegration
militias. The Indonesian military on 6 September
worked openly with the militia to force people out of
East Timor, according to press.
Prointegrationists will focus most of their attention on
proindependence Timorese, but the deployment of
INTERFET raises the threat to foreigners. Clashes
may occur as peacekeepers attempt to disarm and pos-
sibly to relocate the militias. An effective peacekeep-
ing effort that enforces the referendum results
probably will lead prointegrationists to conclude they
have nothing to lose by attacking foreign targets. If
prointegrationistprnposals for a partition of East
Timor ultimately are ignored, militias also may con-
tinue attacking foreign interests.
? The militias' capabilities to carry out attacks, how-
ever, will depend in part on continued support from
Indonesian military elements.
country's internal affairs
? Foreigners face the greatest threat in East Timor,
particularly in western regions, but prointegrationist
sympathizers in other parts of the archipelago may
attack foreigners for perceived interference in their
 Se et
DI T 9-OOS
Septem er I999
 Se\ et 8
 Se et
DI T 9.008
Septem er 1999
 Sec t 10
 Sc~ret
DI ~t 99-OOS
Sepeember 1999
 The Terrorism Diary for October and November ~99~
Below is a compendium of October and November dates of known or conceivable
significance to terrorists around the world. Inclusion of a date or event does not
suggest that we anticipate a commemorative terrorist event
I October 1985 Tunisia, Israel Palestinians. Israeli bombing of PLO headquarters in Tunis.
3 October 1990 Germany. German Unity Day, official date of unification of West Germany and
East Germany.
6 October 1973 Israel, Arab World. Arab-Israeli war begins.
Egypt. Armed Forces Day (commemorates October War with Israel).
6 October 1981 Egypt. Assassination of President Sadat by Egyptian terrorists during the Armed
Forces Day parade.
7 October 1930 Peru. Founding of the Communist Party of Peru, from which Sendero Luminoso
evolved.
8 October 1967 Cuba. Heroic Guerrilla Day (death of Che Guevara in Bolivia).
23 October 1983 Lebazzon. Bombing of the US Marine barracks in Beirut.
23 October 1998 Israel. The Wye River Memorandum signed with the Palestine Liberation
Organization.
26 October 1995 Israel, Palestiniaans. Palestine Islamic Jihad leader Fathi al-Shigagi killed on Malta
by Israeli agents.
28 October Cyprus. Greek National Day (observed by Greek Cypriot community).
29 October I923 Turkey. Independence Day (proclamation of republic).
29 October 1973 Cyprus. Turkish Republic Day (observed by Turkish Cypriot community).
3I October X984 India. Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by Sikh bodyguards, trigger-
ing anti-Sikh riots throughout northern India.
November 1983 Peru. Founding of Tupac .Amara Revolutionary Movement and People's
Revolutionary Command.
I3 November X970 Syria. Hafiz al-Asad assumes power.
19 Set
Dr 99-oos
Septe bet 1999
 X3 November 1995
X7 November X973
22 November X943
Saudi Arabia. Bombing in Riyadh of the Office of Personnel ManagemendSaudi
Arabian National Guard.
Greece. Student uprising at Athens Polytechnic University from which the terrorist
group Revolutionary Organization 17 November takes its name.
Sri X,anka. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) leader Velupillai Prabhaka-
ran's birthday. Marks the commencement of LTTE Heroes' Week celebrations.
,Palestine. Anniversary of the adoption of the resolution for Palestine partition by
UN General Assembly.
 Chronology of International Terrorism duly-August 1999
The following incidents have met the criteria for the Intelligence Community's
Incident Review Panel since publication of the previous issue of the Terrorism
Review. These incidents are the basis for the State Department's Patterns of Global
Terrorism, paeblished annually as the US Government's official record of interna-
DI TR 9Q-008
September 1999
Sec
 August, ebels released the remaining hostages
gyzstan, Zambia, and Malaysia. Rebels also kidnapped a local bishop, two
UNICEF officials, two local journalists, and 16 Sierra Leonean nationals. The
AFRC demanded the release of imprisoned leader john Paul Karoma. On 5
August, the US citizen and one Siena Leonean journalist were released. On 10
Sierra Leone: United Nations officials reported a faction of the Armed Forces
Revolutionary Council (AFRC) kidnapped 33 UN representatives near Malnnta
(Occra Hills). The representatives included one US citizen, five British soldiers,
one Canadian citizen, one Ghanaian citizen, one military officer from Russia, Kyr-
10 August Nigeria: In the Niger Delta region ~Zrmed youths kidnapped
three British nationals from a US operated oil platform. On 11 August, the youths
released the hostages unharmed. No ransom was paid and no one claimed responsi-
bility
I1 August, British press reported the rebels released the hostages unharmed
zz en ze arme persons t nappe vo n emp oyees to ze
Niger-Delta region. No one claimed responsibility and no demands were made. On
Liberia: In Kolahun~ Ian armed gang kid
napped four British nationals, one Norwegian citizen, and one Xtalian national.
No one claimed responsibility and no demands were made.
the rebels released the hostages unharme
sibility
Indonesia: Local press accouzzts reported that a security guard discovered an
inert grenade on the US Embassy compound in Jakarta. No one claimed respon-
~
claimed responsibility
eight persons and wounding 40 others, according to press reports. No one
I4 August Pakistan: In Dina a boznb placed izt a passezzger
van exploded, killin sand injuring I4 others.
released the hostages unharmed for an unspecified amount of ransom
Kyrgyzstan: In the Batken area, according to local press, unidentified Tajikistan
rebels kidnapped four Kyrgyzstani government officials. On 13 August, the rebels
Se et 22
 Russia: In Dagestan,) unidentified assailants kidnapped ttivo
Polish citizens and two Russian nationalists. The kidnappers have demanded
23 August Kyrgyzstan: In Bisltkek nidentified Uzbekistani
gunmen kidnapped four Japanese geologists, their iz:tn~ .rnrpter sand two
Kyrgyzstar:i soldiers. No one claimed responsibility
Europe
3 August Greece: In Athens a firebomb exploded at the
entrance of the Greece-Israel Friendship Society, causing little damage and no
injuries. An unidentified telephone caller claimed responsibility on behalf of a
group calling itself Black Star.
branch of the Animal Liberation Front claimed responsibility
Belgiuzn: In Antwerp, according to local press reports, arsonists set a
McDonald's restaurant wz fire, causing major damage. On ~ A ~ ~s . he Dutch
Colombia: Near Orito, according to local press, Revolutionary Armed Forces of
Colombia {FARC) rebels bombed a TYansandi ainelirte storage facility,
causing undetermined damage but no injuries
officials deny hijacking the plane
Venezuela: In Barinas, (suspected FARC rebels
hijacked a domestic Avior Express flight carrying 10 persons. No one was injured
in the attack. On 10 August, local press reported FARC rebels released the hostages
unharmed near the Colombian and Venom border. No ransom was paid. FARC
Venezuela: In Caracas,
Tupamaro Revolutionary Group claimed responsibility]
rzo injuries.
Meanwhile,
exploded outside the Colombian consulate, causing
27 August Colombia: Irz Norte de Santander Department, suspected National Liberation
Army (ELN) or FARC rebels bombed a sectiarz of the Cana Limon-Covenas oil
pipeline, halting ail pumping operatior:s an undetermined amount
of damage. No one claimed responsibility raztsizzQ
28 August Colombia: uspected FARC or,~LN militants abducted a
Scottish of engineer near Yopai. The hostage works for the jointly owned US and
UK British Petroleum Amoco Corporation. No one claimed responsibility and no
 28 July
Yemetz: In Shebwa area, armed tribesmen kidnapped a Canadian citizen workitzg
responsibility. The tribesmen released the hostage unharmed the following day.
on the US-owned Hunt Oil pipeline No one claimed
XS August Iran: In Kerman, armed militants kidnapped one Italian and three 5pattislt tortr-
ists, according to press reports. No one claimed responsibility. On 31 August, the
hostages were released unharmed
22 August
Yemen: In Ma'rib, armed tribesmen kidnapped a French diplotnat and his wife
when the driver of their vehicle stopped for late afternoon prayers,
No group claimed r the attack. On 2 September, the
hostages were released unharmed
 Summary of Indigenous ~'errorism-July-August 199
The incidents listed below provide an overview of indigenous terrorism worldwide.
Angola On 22 July in Lucala region ational Union for the
Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) rebels attacked an Angolan humanitarian
aid convoy, killing 54 ersons, inuring an undetermined number of persons, and
causing major damage
On 27 July near Cacuso, according to local press reports, suspected U~TA ~li~-
tants ambushed a vehicle, killing 30 persons and destroying the vehicl
Sri Lanka On 2S July in Kumbukwewa, a bomb destroyed a government telecommunications
tower The attack bears the Liberation Tigers
of Tamil Eelam (CITE) hallmarl
On 29 July in Colombo, a suicide bomber detonated explosives she was wearing,
killing a prominent government legislator, his driver, an inspect ' ng
~ ~nt~}n
four police officers. Authorities suspect the LTTE is responsibi
ers. Officials suspect the LTTE is responsible
On 4 August in Veppankulam, a female suicide bomber
jumped into a truck carrying 20 police officers and detonated explosives she was
wearing, killing 10 officers and one civilian bystander, and wounding the 10 oth-
child with the first explosion and injuring three police officers in the second. The
second attack also caused major damage to a bridge. No one claimed responsibility.
On 14 August, (suspected United Liberation
Front of Assam militants detonated three separate bombs in Assam, killing one
On 23 Augustin Gorkha~ (Maoist i is deto-
nated abomb inside a government office, causing minor damage~s~~~
Philippines On 25 Augustin Mindanao, local press reported a bomb exploded on a ublic bus,
injuring six persons. Local authorities suspect the Abu Sayyaf Grou
25 Seclapt
DI TR 008
Septemb r 7999
 Suet 26
 Russia On 6 August in Cherkessk unidentified individuals threw
Molotov cocktails into a former presidential candidate's residence, causing major
damage but no injuries. No one claimed responsibility
Serbia attd Mozttetzegro On 8 August in Pristina, local press reported unidentified assailants detonated a
bomb near a news agency, causing major damage but no injuries. No one claimed
responsibility
other. No one claimed responsibility
two unidentified armed
killed one person execution style. o one claimed responsibility
On 4 August in Belfast,) (six unidentified assailants attacked
a 15-year-old boy, causing min~* +n?~ one claimed responsibility for the
apparent "punishment" attack
paramilitary groups
On 13 August in Newtonabbey, local press reported that two masked men abducted
and shot a 19-year-qld in~he ]e~. The attack bears the hallmark of Northern Ireland
No one claimed responsibility
On 13 August in Belfast,) arsonists threw a Molotov cock-
tail into the window of asix-year-o 's~ausing no injuries or damage.
On 14 Augustin Belfast (Nationalist protesters threw
fu?ebombs at a crowded parade, injuring 19 Royal Ulster Constabulary officers and
an unreported number of c~vilians__Tpe attack bears the hallmark of a Northern
Ireland paramilitary group
On 4 August in Bilbao,) a bomb exploded underneath a
car belonging to a Popular Party member. The attack bears the hallmark of the
Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
On 16 August in Zarautz, local press reported unidentified individuals threw stones
and Molotov cocktails into a business_ ram c~major damage but no injuries. The
On 20 August in Bilbao,) a group of unidentified indin+id-
uals attacked a courthouse with petro om s, causing an undeternnined extent of
d a e o one claimed responsibility, but the attack bears the ETA's hallmark.
 Turkey
Algeria
Israel
Lebanon
Yemen
two soldiers
On 31 July in Mardin, (suspected Kurdistan Workers'
Party (PKK~ members attacked a village, killing two village guards and injuring
On 2 August in Izmir, a bomb exploded outside the
hP,~~~?~aners of the Socialist Power Farty, causing minor damage and no injuries.
On 3 August in Silvan,
a bus, killing six villagers and wounding 11 other
PK~ers opened fine on
On 5 August in Hassi Bahbah, a bomb exploded in a busy marketplace, killing six
.persons and injuring 61 others, This attack beazs the
hallmazk of the Armed Islamic roup
three shepherds. The GIA is probably responsible
On 9 August in Bouberak, according to press reports, a bomb exploded, killing
GIA is probably responsibl
On 9 August in Algiers) a bomb exploded near govern-
mentoffices in the city center killin three ersons and wounding eight others. The
wounded three others, according to press reports
On 15 Augustin Bou Aiech, suspected members of the GIA killed 29 persons and
the two kidnappers. The GIA is probably responsible
On 18 Augustin Oran, according to press reports, two armed militants kidnapped a
family of six persons. The hostages were released unharmed after the police shot
~
persons and injuring two others. The GIA is probably responsible
On 18 August in Musrat, according to press reports, a bomb exploded killing five
On 15 Augustin Sheron area, according to press reports, a bomb exploded in an
office building, causing major damage. No one claimed responsibility
On 4 August in Bayyadah, a bomb a elivery truck, killing the
driver. No one claimed responsibility
No one claimed responsibility
On 5 August in Sanaa~ Ian unidentified man threw a
grenade into a crowded marketplace, killing four persons and injuring 43 others.
 Trends in Terrorism
International Terrorism, First Half 1999:
A Statistical Comparison With First Half 199
International Terrorist Attacks,
by Region
International Terrorist Attacks,
f? 1998 by Type of Event ~ 1998
1? 1999 ~ 1999
11
. 21
Africa 32
Armed Attack
Asia 18
3
30
Arson ~
8
7
Eurasia 24
Bombing
S
1
Lain America
44
S
20
Firebombing
11
Middle East
13
26
0
Kidnapping
36
2
10
~'Vestern 26
Other
24
Europe
133
204
50 100 150 200 2S0
International Terrorist Attacks,
by Facilities Struck
Business
Diplomat
Government
Military
Other
Total
ff~ 1998
~ 1999
Total
-- 133
204
0 50 100 1S0 200 2S0
International Attacks,
by Casualties
ff? 1998
1? 1999
 International Terrorism, First Half 1999:
Nore scale changes
A Statistical Comparison With First Half 1998, continue
d
Total Killed in International
Total Wounded in International
Terrorist Attacks, by Region ~
1995
Terrorist Attacks, by Region
~ lggg
?
1999
? 1999
6
9
~ 153
127
Asia 83
0
Asia
243
4
Eurasia
~
Eurasia
~
I
17
Latin America
3
I Latin
America
1
17 ,
i
36
Middle East
0
I
i
Mi
ddle East
15
0 ~
j
Western
10
Western
Europe
1
~
Europe
10
140 '
r__.__l__ 1--~', I
0 50 100 150 Z00~
Africa
Asia
Eurasia
~' LatinAmerica
Middle East
North America
Western
Europe
28
z
4
0
1
r ter- r r-~
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
~ 1948
~ 1999
Total ~~ 51
72
33~
0 SO 100 150 200 250 300 350,
Armed Attack
Arson
Bombing
Firebombing
Kidnapping
Other
Total
~ 1998
~ i999
72
r _~ ,
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80I
 Total Facilities Struck by
Anti-US Attacks
~ Iggg
~ 1999
43
Business
41
2
Diplomat
4
0
Government
3
59
f - T-'T-T-"f""T-~'1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Totai US Citizens Wounded
in Anti-U5 Attacks, by Region
~ 1998
~ 1999
Totai US-Citizen Casualties
Caused by Anfi-US Attacks
$usiness
Diplomat
Government
0
rl
~ 1 Other
I
~ Total
~ 1998
~ 1999
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Total US Citizens Killed
in Anti-US Attacks, by Region
~ 1998
~ 1999