TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 0005329268
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 62
• Document Creation Date: June 24, 2015
• Document Release Date: August 1, 2011
• Case Number: F-2008-00992
• Publication Date: March 1, 1998

SPECIAL EDITION CURRENT TRENDS, CHANGING DYNAMICS
-
-Otesterr?Pisec,
tr4
CTC
Ituellige?c'e
APPROVED FOR RELEASES
DATE: 07-25-2011:1, 5.-"c
National Security Unauthorized Disclosure
Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
NOFORN (NO Not releasable to foreign nationals
PROHN (pa) Cautiori?proprietary information involved
ORCON (oc) DisseTfaitation and extraction of information
controlled by originator
REL... This information has been authorized for release to...
Terrorism Review
Special Edition
Current Trends, Changing Dynamic
Articles
Page
1
5
Sec t
DI TR 8-003
March 1998
Increasing Terrorist Use of Narcotics Dollars a Double-Edged 23
Sword
Many terrorist groups are resorting to narcotics trafficking to raise
needed revenue to offset the decrease in funds from state sponsors
and support their growing organizations and areas of operations.
Although it is difficult to discern if terrorist involvement in narcotics
trafficking is officially sanctioned or the greed of individual group
members, available reporting suggests that profits from this lucrative
source of funds are used by terrorist organizations to obtain weapons
and supplies and to finance operations. This narcotics-related
activity ultimately could prove damaging to terrorist organizations,
however, because it promotes the breakdown of group discipline and
draws unwanted law enforcement attention.
27
33
iii
The Terrorism Diary for April and May 1998
39
43
53
Chronology of International Terrorism
55
Summary of Indigenous Terrorism?February 1998
57
Se et
This review is published monthly by the DCI Counterterrorist
Cpnter Comments and aueries are welcome and may be directed to
Information available as of 23 March 1998 was used in this Review.
iv
1
Se et
DI T 98-O03
March 1998
S\et
Sc;
DI TR 8-003
March 998
6
7
ecre
Sere
S?et
8
Sec et
9
11
Sec
DI TR -003
March 1998
Sec et
13
Se
Reverse Blank
15
ecxe
17
Sect
DI TR -003
March 1998
Chronology of Recent Palestinian Terrorists
4 September 1997 Three suicide bombers killed seven Israelis?including one with dual US citizenship?
and wounded nearly 200 others in an attack on the Ben Yehuda street pedestrian mall
in West Jerusalem. HAMAS claimed responsibility.
30 July 1997 livo suicide bombers killed 16 Israelis?including one with dual US citizenship?and
wounded 178 others in an attack on the Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem.
HAMAS claimed responsibility.
1 Apri11997 Two suicide bombers in the Gaza Strip killed themselves with no other casualties.
21 March 1997
4 March 1996
3 March 1996
25 February 1996
21 August 1995
24 July 1995
9 Apri11995
A bomb blast ripped through an outdoor cafe in Tel Aviv, killing three Israeli women
and the Palestinian attacker and wounding 48; HAMAS claimed responsibility.
A suicide bomber killed at least 15 Israelis and wounded some 75 others at a busy Tel
Aviv shopping mall; HAMAS and PIJ claimed responsibility.
A bomb blast in a bus in Jerusalem killed at least 18 Israelis; HAMAS claimed
responsibility.
Bombers killed 26 people in two attacks, one in Jerusalem and the other in Ashqelon;
HAMAS and PIJ suspected.
Five people died in a HAMAS suicide bombing of bus in Jerusalem; some 100 others
were wounded.
HAMAS suicide bomber killed six people on a bus in Tel Aviv suburb of Ramat Gan.
Seven Israelis and one US citizen killed in two separate suicide car bombings. PIJ
claimed responsibility for attack on bus carrying Israeli soldiers and settlers near
Gaza settlement of Kfar Darom. HAMAS said it carried out second attack on Israeli
military convoy at nearby Nezarim settlement.
22 January 1995 Two suicide bombers killed 21 Israelis, all but one of them soldiers, at Shevut Am
(Beit Lid) bus stop in central Israel; HAMAS and PIJ claimed responsibility.
11 November 1994 Suicide bomber on a bicycle killed three Israelis near Nezarim settlement in central
Gaza; NJ claimed responsibility.
19 October 1994 HAMAS suicide bomber killed 22 Israelis on a bus on Dizengoff street, Tel Aviv's
main thoroughfare.
13 April, 1994 HAMAS suicide bomber attacked a crowded bus station in Israeli town of Hadera,
killing five Israelis.
6 April 1994
Suicide bomber attacked a bus in northern Israeli town of Afula, killing eight Israe-
lis; HAMAS claimed responsibility.
19 Sec t
21
S!
Increasing Terrorist Use of
Narcotics Dollars a Double.
Edged Sword
Many terrorist groups increasingly are resorting to
narcotics trafficking to raise needed revenue to off-
set the decrease in funds from state sponsors and
support their growing organizations and areas of
operations. Although it is difficult to discern if ter-
rorist involvement in narcotics trafficking is offi-
cially sanctioned or the greed of individual group
members, available reporting suggests that profits
from this lucrative source of funds are used by ter-
rorist organizations to obtain weapons and sup-
plies and to finance operations. This narcotics-
related activity ultimately could prove damaging to
terrorist organizations, however, because it pro-
motes the breakdown of group discipline and
draws unwanted law enforcement attention
Many terrorist groups have long-established infra-
structures to move people, money, and materiel across
international boundaries to support a local terrorist
cell or operation. These clandestine networks are also
being used increasingly to transport narcotics,
although it is difficult to ascertain if this activity is
endorsed by the terrorist group's senior leadership, the
local operating cell, or merely an individual terrorist
seizing an opportunity for personal enrichment.
Varied Level of Involvemen
Nonetheless, a growing body of reliable reporting
indicates that terrorists are becoming increasingly
involved?to varying degrees?in the narcotics
industry because traditional sources of revenue are
inadequate.
? Terrorist groups are financing themselves to a greater
extent than in the past through drug trafficking,
according to a clandestine source, because of the
decrease in funds from some of their state sponsors.
With few exceptions, the leaders of terrorist organiza-
tions publicly deny complicity in the drug trade, but it
is clear that they or their local leaders are often deeply
involved in assisting with the day-to-day realities of
financing the group
23
Set
DI TR -003
March 198
.
Taliban Control and Opium Poppy Growing Areas in Afghanistan
Uzbekistan
Se et
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Jowzian
Kondoz
Faryab
Sar-e Pol
Samangan
Badghis
Parvan
Bamian
?
Herat
Ghowr
Oruzgan
Ghazni_
- .
AIT\BA0----"c
Paktika
he.
? Kandahar
Bin Ladin
hgs
Kandahar
Pakistan
,
Taliban control
13 Opium poppy growing
area, 1997
Province boundary
10,0 Kilometers
100 Miles
Secret
Some terrorist organizations with the most direct role
in narcotics trafficking are those which exert de facto
control, or work closely with the groups which do,
over the large, mostly rural regions of illicit drug culti-
vation and/or important trafficking routes.
? Since his Taliban-sponsored move to Kandahar,
Afghanistan in April 1997,
25
Quetta Alliance, Southwest Asia's most powerful
narcotrafficicing network, and has moved into drug
trafficking,
Afghanistan is the world's second largest
pro ucer of opium, and an estimated 95 percent of
Se et
Se\et
its opium poppy cultivation and most of its mor-
phine base and heroin processing laboratories are
located on territory controlled by the Taliban,
Some clandestine reporting suggests that terrorist
groups are becoming involved in drug distribution, the
most profitable aspect of drug trafficking.
a
Peshawar, Pakistan-based nongovernmental organi-
zation invested two
million aonars to Puy nerom trom arug laboratories
in Pakistan for transshipment to the United States,
Creating New Vulnerabilities
The lucrative returns generated by the illicit drug trade
will continue to attract terrorists, but involvement in
the drug industry could present a number of unantici-
pated pitfalls for terrorist groups.
? Drug trafficking could undermine internal discipline
among terrorist groups' followers by creating an
independent source of wealth for individual mem-
bers or a cadre of drug addicts.
? Terrorist protection of narcotics-related assets such
as laboratories and cultivation fields could impinge
on their ability to strike government targets because
operational resources are stretched thin. Moreover,
as terrorists become more reliant on narcotics-
generated money as a source of revenue, their ability
to augment weapon arsenals through trafficking ties
would be hurt by a downturn in relations with
narcotics traffickers.
? Narcotics trafficking threatens terrorists' security by
attracting additional publicity and giving law
enforcement an additional justification to intervene
in a group's activities. In addition, narcotraffickers
may be willing to divulge information about the ter-
rorists with which they work in return for lenient
treatment from law enforcement
This article is Secret
Se ret 26
27
Sec 't
DI TR 8-003
March 1998
28
S
29
Sec t
St
33
Se ret
DI A 98-003
March 1998
Sec
35
Se et
St
36
V
37
Set
39
Se
DI TR 8-003
March 1998
Se et
41
Sec et
Se 42
43
Sec1?
DI TR 8-003
March 1998
Sere
Se
44
Sect
45
Se ret
St
47 Se et
St
Se et
48
49
Se et
Se et
50
Reverse Blank
51
Se et
The Terrorism Diary for April and May 1998
Below is a compendium of April and May dates of known or conceivable signifi-
cance to terrorists around the world. Our inclusion of a date or event does not sug-
gest that we expect or anticipate a commemorative terrorist event
April Armenians. April is dedicated by Armenian groups to the memory of the
massacre of Armenians by Turks during World War I.
Apri11979 Iran. Islamic Republic Day.
4 April 1947 Syria. Founding of Ba'th Party.
4 April 1979 Pakistan. Ex-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto executed; the terrorist group
Al-Zulfikar, founded by his two sons, is named after him.
7 April 1916 Ireland. Beginning of insurrection that led to independence.
8 April 1947 Iraq. Founding of ruling Ba'th Party.
8 April-6 May Muslim World. Month of the hajj. The pilgrimage will take place probably
16-18 April.
11 April 1968 Palestinians. Founding of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine?
General Command (PFLP?GC).
13 Apri1197.5 Lebanon. Phalange militiamen attack bus, triggering Lebanese civil war.
14-15 April 1986 Libya. US aircraft bomb Tripoli and Banghazi in retaliation for Libyan
involvement in anti-US terrorism.
19 April 1973 Colombia. Populist group National Popular Alliance extremists founded
19th of April Movement (M-19).
22 April 1997
Peru. Sendero Luminoso declared war against the government.
Peru. Peruvian military assault on Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima to
end four-month-long hostage standoff. All 14 hostage takers from the Tupac
Amaru Revolutionary Movement died in the raid, including the group's leader.
23 April 1998 Jewish World. Commemoration of the Holocaust.
24 April 1915 Armenians. National Day of Sorrow. Commemorates Turkish massacre.
28 April 1937 Iraq. Birthday of Saddam Husayn.
53
Se et
DI ? 98-003
Marcfr& 1998
a
29 April 1986 India. Sikh militants declare independent republic of Khalistan at Golden
Temple in Amritsar; militants expelled from temple next day.
30 April 1998 Israel. Independence Day.
1 May Socialist World. May Day (commemorates labor violence in Chicago).
1 May 1980 Peru. Destruction of electoral material in Chuschi, Cangallo Province, marks
beginning of armed struggle by Sendero Luminoso; anniversary is commemorated
by acts of violence throughout May, but especially on 16 May.
2 May 1953 Jordan. King Hussein assumed constitutional power.
6 May 1900 Iran. Birthday of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
14 May 1948 Middle East. Beginning of first Arab-Israeli war.
15 May 1948
17 May 1983
Palestinians. Palestine Day (end of UN mandate); 15 May Organization,
founded in 1979 by remnant of Special Operations Group of Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), takes its name from this event.
Lebanon, Israel. Signing of troop withdrawal accord (known as 17 May
agreement).
Se et 54
Africa
3 February
Eurasia
19 February
Europe
3 February
19 February
21 February
Latin America
15 January
Chronology of International Terrorism
The following incidents were determined to meet the criteria for the Intelligence
Community's Incident Review Panel since publication of the previous issue of
the Terrorism Review. These incidents are the basis for the State Department's
Patterns of Global Terrorism, which is published annually as the US Government's
official record of international terrorism.
Chad: Five armed members of a Chadian opposition group kidnapped four
French nationals in Manda National Park in Moyen-Chari Prefecture; the four
were released unharmed on 8 February. The Union of Democratic Forces claimed
responsibility for the abduction. The government has outlawed the group and has
labeled it a terrorist organization.
Georgia: Armed supporters of late Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia
abducted four United Nations (UN) military observers from Sweden, Uruguay,
and the Czech Republic. The four were released between 22 and 25 February after
President Shevardnadze met with the Gamsakhurdia opposition. Eight of the kid-
nappers subsequently were captured. The leader, a key figure in the 9 February
assault on President Shevardriaze's motorcade, remains at large
Greece: Two bombs exploded at McDonald's restaurants in both the Halandri
and Vrilissia suburbs of Athens, causing major damage. Authorities suspect
anarchists are behind the attacks to protest the recent arrest of the alleged leader
of the Fighting Guerrilla Formation.
Greece: An explosive device detonated at the "Detroit Motors" car dealership in
Athens, causing extensive damage. The dealership, althou h Greek-owned, has
exclusive agreements to sell used General Motors cars.
Spain: Suspected Basque Fatherland and Liberty militants detonated an
explosive device on the railway tracks near Irun causing minor damage to a
passing French-registered high-speed train
Colombia: National Liberation Army guerrillas (ELN) bombed a section of the
Cana Limon?Covenas oil pipeline near Cubara Bo aca Department. Pumping
operations were suspended until 20 January
55 Se et
DI T 8-O03
March 1998
Sec et
9 February
11 February
Middle East
9 February
19 February
Colombia: A major ecological emergency was declared after ELN rebels bombed
the Cano Limon?Covenas oil pipeline near Villanueva, causing at least 15,000
barrels of oil to spill into a tributary of the country's largest river.
ELN rebels bombed the Cano Limon?Covenas oil pipeline in Arauca Depart-
ment, causing an oil spill of 1,000 barrels and halting pumping operations
Yemen: Yemeni tribesmen belonging to the Tuhaiman clan of the Jahru tribe
kidnapped a Dutch tourist in Sanaa. The kidnappers are demanding the release of
three members of their clan, who were recently arrested for stealing a United
Nations vehicle
Yemen: Yemeni al-Hadda tribesmen kidnapped a Dutch agricultural expert in
Dhamar, demanding that the government provide development projects in their
region. The kidnappers released the hostage the next day
St 56
Asia
Japan
Sri Lanka
Eurasia
Georgia
Europe
Spain
Summary of Indigenous Terrorism?February 1998
The incidents and situations listed below are not a detailed accounting of all
domestic terrorist incidents but rather provide an overview of selected indigenous
terrorism worldwide .P
On 2 February in Narita, Japan, police discovered improvised mortars at the Narita
Airport Holiday Inn parking lot. The projectiles fired by a timing device as the
police attempted to dismantle them, injuring one airport employee and closing the
runwa tem orarily. The leftist group Kakurokyo claimed responsibility for the
attack.
On 4 February in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LITE)
terrorists fired three mortars during independence day celebrations, _injuring eight
persons and causing officials to cancel a flag raising ceremony
On 6 February in Colombo, Sri Lanka, a suspected LTTE suicide bomber blew
herself up when soldiers stopped her van at a checkpoint near Sri Lankan Air Force
headquarters. The explosion, which occurred just hours after Britain's Prince
Charles left the city, killed at least nine persons and wounded several others.
On 9 February in Tbilisi, approximately 10 gunmen armed with automatic weap-
ons and rocket propelled grenades ambushed the seven-car motorcade of Eduard
Shevardnadze, killing two bodyguards and injuring two others. Shevardnadze
escaped unharmed. On 12 February, a Chechen field commander claimed responsi-
bility for the attack.
On 1 February unknown assailants threw stones and other objects at a police
vehicle in Portugalete, causing minor damage but no injuries. Authorities sus ect
members of a Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) youth wing.
Assailants attempted to set fire to three banks in Mungia on 1 Februar , causing
minor damage. Members or sympathizers of ETA are suspected.
On 15 February ETA militants fired four antitank grenades at a hostel fre ? uented by
Basque civil guards in Onate, causing minor damage but no injuries.
57
et
DI T 8-003
March 1998
S
Latin America
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
Middle East
On 13 February, four unidentified gunmen abducted a 22-year-old man and shot
him in both legs in Belfast. Authorities suspect the attack was carried out by a
nationalist paramilitary group.
On 20 February in Moira, a 500-pound car bomb detonated outside the town's
,police station, injuring eleven persons and causing major damage. Police suspect
the 1riskRepublican Army Continuity Council, a dissident faction of the larger
IRA
On 6 February near Cali, Colombia, suspected National Liberation Army (ELN)
guerrillas detonated a car bomb in the fifth tunnel of the Cali-Buenaventura high-
way. The rebels set up two checks oints on either side of the tunnel and activated
the explosives before dawn
On 9 February in Cauca, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC
guerrillas seized a highway toll station and destroyed it with dynamite.
On 5 February in Potsoteni, 30 armed Sendero Luminoso (SL) guerrillas attacked
the village, killing four civil defense patrol members and wounding five others.
Four guerrillas also died in the attack.
On 9 February in Caracas, police defused an explosive device placed at
the doors of Congress. Police found pamphlets next to the device which were
signed by a previously unknown group, United Revolutionary Front.
Algeria On 2 February in Saida, Algeria, 12 persons were hospitalized after drinking water
believed to be poisoned by rebels
On 4 February in central Algiers, Algeria, a homemade bomb exploded on Patrice
Lumumba Street, injuring four persons.
Israel On 5 February in Jerusalem's Old City, a suspected Moslem militant stabbed an
18-year-old Jewish seminary student in the back
Se\et 58