TERRORISM REVIEW

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• Document Creation Date: June 24, 2015
• Document Release Date: August 1, 2011
• Case Number: F-2008-00992
• Publication Date: March 1, 1999

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 National Security Unauthorized Disclosure
Information .Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Copyright Contains copyrighted material that cannot be
reproduced or disseminated without permission.
Dissemination Control NOFORN (tom) Not releasable to foreign nationals
Abbreviations PROPIN (rx) Caution-proprietary information involved
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controlled by originator
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Terrorism Review)
March 1999
Articles
i 5e
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March 999
 Terrorist Snapshot
Highlights
 Key Dates and Events
FARC Killings Underscore a ist Threat
to US Citizens in Colombi~?
' and May 1999
Chronology of International Terrorism January-February 31
Summary of Indigenous TerrorismJanuary-February 1999 37
This Review is published monthly by the DCI Counterterrorist
Center. Comments and queries are welcome and may be directed to
except where otherwise noted.
Information available as of 23 March was used in this Review,
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 FARC Killings Underscore Terrorist Threat to US Citizens in Colombi~'
The killing in early March of three US citizens by members of the insurgent Revo-
lutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)'s 10th Front possibly against the
orders of the group's ruling Secretariat raises questions about the organization's
command and control and highlights the heightened risk to US citizens irrespective
of Colombia's nascent peace process and diplomatic maneuvering.
the narcotics trade,
The FARO guerrillas had kidnapped the three US citizens on 25 February in
Colombia's Arauca Department near the Venezuelan border. The guerrillas' motive
remains unclear, but their concern over the US citizens' intentions in the area
appears to have prompted the abduction.
From the outset the abduction did not appear to be a typical insurgent kidnapping-
for-ransom operation.
? There is no evidence that the FARO planned to demand a ransom, which rebels
have done in the majority of the nearly 100 cases involving the abduction of US
citizens in Colombia since 1980. Guerrillas typically abduct a Colombian or local
national with the foreign hostages to release later with a ransom demand, which
the FARC did not do in this case~~
Intense, indoctrinated mistrust of the United States and paranoia over US intentions
in Colombia aroused the guerrillas' concern and probably contributed to their deci-
sion to murder the hostages.
? Audiotapes released by the Colombian Government revealed a local FARO com-
mander's conviction that the kidnapped US citizens were "from the CIA" and
were "using the indigenous communities as a front "The commander also
referred to US "plans to invade:'~~
The FARC guerrillas may have murdered the three US citizens in defiance of
orders not to kill them from Jorge Briceno Suazez, a.k.a. Mono Jojoy, a FARO Sec-
retariat member thought to be the organization's second in command, according to
press and other reporting.
Briceno Suarez, a.k.a. Granno es-w o oversees several guerrilla units,
including the 10th Front, and is Jorge Briceno's brother-endorsed a request
from his subordinate commander to kill the three US citizen hostages and relayed
it to Jorge Briceno, who denied the request.
regional commander German
21 Sec t
 The abduction and murder of US citizens ran counter to earlier statements by the
FARC Secretariat aimed at continuing a dialogue with US officials and reveals a
disconnect between the ruling body's apparent diplomatic agenda and guerrilla
activities in the field. This disconnect may reflect a division between hazdline mili-
strate fists and more litically astute leaders in the Secretariat itself.
e FARC requested contact with the US
overnmen o gam xts support or peace negotiations with Bogota and assurances
of US non-involvement in Colombia's internal conflict. During a resultant meeting
with US officials in December 1998, FARO representatives expressed satisfaction
with the opportuzrity to engage the United States and indicated their willingness to
cooperate in an investigation of the fate of the missing New Tribes missionaries.
X11 its contacts indicated as late as the morning of
March 5-the day the hostages were killed-that the FARC was engaged in seri-
ous negotiations to arrange the victims' release.~~
The FARC Secretariat's possible shortcomings in command and control over pout-
ically unsophisticated field commanders heighten the threat to US citizens in
Colombia. The assassinations suggest that decades of indoctrination, propaganda,
and disinformation have backfired on FARO Leaders and, as a result, thugs with
insurgent credentials may conduct terrorist operations without their leaders'
knowledge or consent.
? The FARC issued a communique on 10 March announcing that it would judge
and sanction the commander it deems responsible for the killings according to
the organization's disciplinary code. The deterrent effect on other FARC guerril-
las of a harsh ruling against the commander remains to be seen, but a firm ruling
could improve the Secretariat's ability to rein in potential renegade units
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 April
I April I979
4 April 1947
4 April 1979
4 April 1986
S-ZO April I988
7 April I9I6
8 April 1947
11 AprilI968
13 April 1975
13 April 1999
I4-IS April 1986
IS April 1983
I9 April X980
21 April 1999
22 April 1997
24 April 19I5
The Terrorism Diary for April and May 1999
Below is a compendium of April and May dates of known or conceivable signifi-
cance to terrorists around the world. Inclusion of a date or event does not suggest
~
that we anticipate a commemorative terrorist event
Armenians. April is dedicated by Armenian groups to the memory of the massacre
of Armenians by Turks during World War I.
Iran. Islamic Republic Day.
Syria. Founding of Bath Party.
Pakistan. Ex-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto executed; the terrorist group
Al-Zulfikar, founded by his two sons, is named after him.
Libya. Libyan agents bombed LaBelle discotheque in Berlin.
Lebanon. Hizballah hijacks Kuwait Airways Flight 422.
Ireland. Beginning of insurrection that led to independence.
Iraq. Founding of ruling Bath Parry.
Palestinians. Founding of Popular Front for the. Liberation of Palestine-General
Command (PEEP-GC).
Lebanon. Phalange militiamen attack bus, triggering Lebanese civil war.
Jewish World. Commemoration of the Holocaust.
Libya. US aircraft bomb Tripoli and Banghazi in retaliation for Libyan involve-
ment in anti-US terrorism.
Lebanon. Hizballah's terrorist wing, Islamic Jihad, car-bombed the US Embassy in
Beirut.
Peru. The Sendero Luminoso Declaration of War.
Israel. Independence Day.
Peru. Death of MRTA Leader Nestor Cezpa Cartolini. during the hostage rescue
nussion at the Japanese Ambassador's Residence.
Armenians. National Day of Sorrow. Commemorates Turkish massacre.
29 Secl~t
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March 999
 28 April 1937 Iraq. Birthday of Saddam Husayn.
29 Apri11986 India. Sikh militants declare independent republic of I{halistan at Golden Temple
in Amritsar; militants expelled from temple next day.
X May Socialist World. May Day (commemorates labor violence in Chicago),
I May I980 Peru. Destruction of electoral material in Chuschi, Cangallo Province, marks
beginning of armed struggle by Sendero Lununoso; anniversary is commemorated
by acts of violence throughout May, but especially on 16 May.
2 May 1953 Jordan. King Hussein assumed constitutional power.
6 May 1900 Iran. Birthday of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
14 May X948 Middle East. Beginning of first Arab-Israeli war.
IS May 1948 Palestinians. Palestine Day (end of UN mandate); 15 May Organization,
founded in 1979 by remnant of Special Operations Group of Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PEEP), takes its name from this event.
I7 May 1983 Lebanon, Israel Signing of troop withdrawal accord (known as 17 May
Agreement).
30 May 1972 Israel. Japanese Red Army massacre at Lod Airport, Tel Aviv.
 Chronology of International Terrorism-January-February 1999
The following incidents have met the criteria for the Intelligence Community's
Incident Review Panel since publication of the previous issue of the Terrorism
Review. These incidents are the basis for the State Department's Patterns of
Global Terrorism, published annually as the US Government's official record of
international terrorism.
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March 1999
 9 February Nigeria: Officials of an unnamed oil company reported two workers, one Britisli
national and one Italian citizen, were kidnapped by unidentified assailants. The
Italian was released shortly after being abducted. No demands have been made for
the release of the remaining hostage. No one has claimed responsibility for the kid-
napping.)
I2 February Sierra Leone: The Rome-based news agency MISNA reported that Revolution-
ary United Front rebels kidnapped do Italian missionary, from a church. Press
reports state the church was ransacked before the kidnapping. Church officials have
been in contact with the victim and state he is in good health.
I4 February Nigeria lone British employee and his
young son were kidnapped by three armed bandits. Both hostages were released
unharmed on 15 February. No ransom was paid.~~
I4 February Uganda: A pipe bomb ex loded inside a crowded bar, killing five persons and
injuring 35 others. one Ethiopian and four Ugandans were
killed in the blast, and one US citizen, two Swiss nationals, one Pakistani, one Ethi-
opian, and 27 Ugandans were injured. Eyewitnesses stated two unidentified Asians
and one Ugandan police officer also were injured. The explosion caused extensive
damage to the bar. Ugandan authorities blame the attack on the Allied Democratic
Forces. ~~
Asia
9 February India: uslim militants threw a grenade at a security
patrol in Pulwama Chowk, Kashmir, injuring 12 pedestrians and two security
personnel
13 February India: uspected armed Zashkar-i-Tayyiba
militants slit the throats of four members of a Hindu family, including two chi)-
- dren, in Udhampur District, Kashmir. The militants critically wounded one other
person. The victims were relatives of a member of the local village defense
committee.
IS February India: Muslim militants shot and critically wounded the
owner o a v eo s op zn nnagar, Kashmir.
I5 February India: Muslim militants shot and wounded three cable television operators in
Srina ar, Kashmir, in an attempt to ban Western broadcasts
the operators were shot in the legs and ordered to broadcast only news and
IS February India) Muslim militants detonated a bomb in a crowded mar-
ketplace near Srinagar, Kashmir, injuring six persons.
 16 February Australia: Kurdish protesters armed with Molo a drums, and
clubs occupied the Greek Consulate in Sydney one protester
doused himself with lighter fluid, while outside at least 50 demonstrators chanted
"shame on Greece:' There were unconfirmed reports of office workers inside the
building and teenage girls being detained as translators. The protest was part of an
international Kurdish outrage over the capture of Abdullah Ocalan
Europe
8 February Greece: A bomb exploded near the Turkish Consulate in Komotini, woundin a
bomb squad member and causing minor damag
telephone caller to Iocal authorities warned of and later claimed responsibility for
the bomb on behalf of the group "Support to Ocalan--The Hawks of Thrace:'
I6 February Austria: Kurdish protesters stormed and occupied the Greek Embassy in Vienna,
taking the Greek Ambassador and six others hostagee" S~before midnight the
protesters released the hostages and left the Embassy.
I6 February Belgium: Approximately 50 Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Embassy in
Brussels and threatened to set themselves on fire if they were removed. According
to a Reuters reporter on the scene, at least 27 Kurds were arrested by authorities
after they left the building peacefully. ~~
I6 February pYance: Fifty Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Consulate in Marseille,
threw objects at local authorities, and threatened to set themselves on fzre. Two
unidentified persons were injured and several were arrested before the protesters
left the Consulate
I6 February France: Sixteen Kurdish protesters occupied the Kenyan Embassy in Paris and
took seven Kenyan officials hostage. According to press reports, local police were
able to end the occupation and gain the hostages' release without injuries. ~~
16February France: Thirty Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Consulate in Strasbourg,
according fo press reports. Local authorities fired tear gas and stormed the Consu-
late, arresting 20 rotesters. One police officer and six protesters were injured dur-
ing the clash.
I6 February Germany: According to press reports Kurdish protesters occupied the Kenyan
Embassy in Bonn and held one person hostage for I2 hours before surrendering
to police.~~
I6 February Germany: Approximately 32 Kurdish protesters stormed the Greek Consulate in
Cologne, causing major damage. According to press reports, police arrested the
protesters and one police officer was injured during the attack
33 See t
 I6 February Germany: According to press reports, I5 Kurdish protesters stormed and occu-
pied the Greek Consulate in Hannover and threw stones at police for several
hours. ~~
I6 February Germany: Approximately 40 Kurdish protesters stormed the Kenyan National
Tourist office in Frankfurt and took four employees hostage. The protesters
released the hostages and left the office several hours later after being assured no
one would be arrested.
I6 February Germany: Approximately 75 Kurdish protesters occupied a travel agency located
in a building housing the Greek Consulate in Leipzig. According to press reports,
three travel agents were held hostage until authorities stormed the facility and freed
16 February Italy: Approximately 30 Kurdish protesters occupied the Greek Consulate in
Milan and held six persons hostage for four hours before surrendering, accord-
ing to press reports.
16 February Netherlands: Approximately ISO Kurdish protesters stormed the Greek Ambas-
sador's residence in The Hague, taking the Ambassador's wife, their eight year-
old son, and a Filipino servant hostage. According to press reports, the protesters
were arrested after they released the hostages early the foIIowing morning
16 February Switzerland: According to media reports, Kurdish protesters stormed the Greek
Consulate in Zurich, taking hostage the building's owner and a Swiss police
of, f cer. On 17 February press reports stated the police officer was stiIl being held..
I6 February United Kingdom: Approximately 100 Kurdzsh protesters stormed and occupied
the Greek Embassy in London, taking one night watchman hostage. On
18 February the protesters left the Greek Embassy peacefully and surrendered to
I7 February Germany: Approximately Z00 Kurdish protesters armed with clubs broke into the
Israeli Consulate in Berlin and briefly took one Consulate worker hostage. Isr
guards shot and killed three protesters and wounded 15 others during the attack.
20 January Colombia: Local press reported that unidentifiedrebels bombed the Cano
Limon-Covenas pipeline, causing undetermined damage
26 January Venezuela: Five armed guerrillas from the National Liberation Army (ELN) kid-
- napped ve Venezuelan engineers working for the Venezuelan Petroleum Com-
pany. the victims were driven away in a green
van that ater was oun urmng near a Colombian border. The ELN later tele-
~
phoned the petroleum company stating their negotiation demands
 3 Feburary
4 Fgbrtiary
Middle East
Colombia: ELN rebels dynamited the Cano Limon-Covenas i eline causing an
undetermined amount of damage, according to local press.
Colombia: the ELN rebels bombed the Cano Limon-Cove-
naspipeline, causing a , - arrel oil spill
I7Jartuary Yemen: four armed tribesmen attempted to
kidnap two Embassy employees as they drove to work. The tribesmen rammed into
their vehicle and pulled in front in an attempt to stop it. The victims drove around
their attackers and escaped
2l Tanuary
31 January
United Arab Emirates: Authorities found and dismantled an explosive device in
a Dubai supermarket that is frequented by US and European shoppers
Yemen: 35~ibesmen abducted a British oil worker employed by the US company
.Hunt Oil He was released unharmed six hours later, according to tribal and news
I6 February Canada: Approximately 60 Kurdish protesters forced their way into the building
housing the Greek Consulate in Montreal, but were unable to gain entry to the
Consulate floor a protesters then
occupied a branc o e atxon ank o reece, causing major damage
 Summary of Indigenous Terrorism January-February 1999
TheThe i~ is listed below provide an overview of indigenous terrorism worldwide.
Angola On 14 February in Benguela farmed National
Union for the Total Ind, ependence ofAngola rebels ambushed two civilian vehicles,
killing six persons.
South Africa On 19 February, four unidentified assailants in a minivan intercepted and opened
fire on a police officer in his vehicle in Cape Town, seriously wounding him. The
victim is an investigating officer with Cape Town's anti-gang unit and the son-in-
law of former President Botha eople Against Gangsterism and
Drugs is responsibl
Ugmtda
responsible
A pipe bomb exploded inside a bar in Kam ala on 14 February, causing major
damage but no injuries the Allied Democratic Forces is
Philippines On 14 February, local media reported that suspected members of the Abu Sayyaf
Group and Moro Islamic Liberation Front attacked a passenger vehicle in Basilan,
killing the driver and four passengers and wounding one other perso
Rebels from the New People's Army (NPA) kidnapped two military officers in
Davao City, Mindanao, on 17 February. The NPA later issued a statement that the
two officers would be tried in a revolutionary court. They also stated they wanted to
swap the hostages for one of their imprisoned leaders
On 21 February 'even armed NPA rebels burst into a home in
Sorsogon Province, killing the owner and abducting a visiting police official.
Uzbekistan Five car bombs exploded outside government buildings in Tashkent on 16 Febru-
ary, killing 15 persons, wounding 130 others, and causing major damage. One
bomb exploded outside the Cabinet Ministers' building where President Karimov
was expected to attend a meeting. Karimov stated that two suspects shouted
"Allahu Akbaz" (God is Great) after carrying out the attack, leading him to con-
clude that Hizballah or Wahabbis were behind the bombing.
Europe
Northern Ireland On 27 January in Newry, County Down, a former Irish Republican Army (IRA)
member was found dead on a roadside. Authorities refused to speculate whether
the IRA was responsible for the attac
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March 99
 Eight armed assailants carved a death threat onto the arms and legs of a woman
after breaking into her Bessbrook residence. The assailants were searching for a
man who was not home at the time, according to 24 February press re orts. A
human rights group accused the ]RA of responsibility for the attack.
Turkey
Bolivia
Two bombs exploded outside two banks in Vitoria on 14 February, causing minor
damage, according to press reports. The attacks bear the hallmark of the Basque
Fatherland and Liberty or its supporters.~~
the Kurdistan Workers' Party or its sympathizers are responsible
in 17 persons and causing undetermined damage.
Unidentified assailants threw a grenade at a cafe in Istanbul on 28 Febru
On 11 February in La Paz, Tupac Katari
Revolut#o~rv Arnty guerrillas robbed the Union Bank, causing undetermined
damage)
Colombia According to press sources, National Liberation Army guerrillas attacked a police
patrol in Arauca on 30 January, killing four. officers and wounding anothe~
On 1 February, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) rebels attacked
a police station in Genova wounding two police officers and kidnapping four oth-
ers the rebels continued their raid by destroying the
mayor s o ce, a oca c, an several stores.
Middle East
Local press reported that on 5 February, unidentified armed guerrill d a
farm in Altoborrito, killing three persons and kidnapping two othezs
village, burning astate-owned bank and injuring a police officer
On 7 February in Villa Hermosa, local radio reported FARO rebels attacked the
~
Algeria 17 February in Chaabet, armed militants stormed a farm killing two persons and
wounding one other, according to press reports. The attack bears the hallmark of
the Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
On 17 February in Maamar, press reported that an armed group killed one person
and wounded another at a roadblock. ~~
On 18 February, armed militants killed one person and wounded another in
Tizi-Ouzou, according to press reports.~~
 On 22 February in Medea, a bomb exploded, wounding two persons, according to
press reports.
On February in Khemis, according to press reports, a boobytrapped parcel bomb
exploded in a restaurant, killin rsons and wounding 22 others. This attack
beazs the hallmark of the GIA.~
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