PSYCHIC EXPERIENCES IN THE MULTINATIONAL HUMAN VALUES STUDY: WHO REPORTS THEM? (HARALDSSON, HOUTKOOPER)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000400100003-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
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Approved For Release 2000/08/11: CIA-RDP96
Approved For Release 2000/08/11: CIA-RDP9
00792R000400100003-0
Psychic Experiences in the Multinational Human
Values Study: Who Reports Them?
ERLENDUR HARALDSSON AND JOOP M. HOUTKOOPER1
ABSTRACT: Three items on personal psychic experiences (telepathy, clairvoyance, and
contact with the dead) were included in a survey on human values that was conducted on
large representative samples in 13 countries in Europe and in the U.S. (N = 18,607). The
three items were originally formulated by Andrew Greeley and were translated into different
European languages. In Europe, the percentage of persons reporting telepathy was 34%;
clairvoyance was reported by 21%; and 25% reported contact with the dead. Percentages for
the U.S. were considerably higher: 54%, 25% and 30%, respectively. There were great
national differences; for example, 60% of Americans and Italians reported some psychic
experience, but only 24% of the Norwegians made such claims. Looking into the question of
how people who report psychic experiences differ from those who do not revealed little or no
effect of education and age but rather striking effects of sex, marital status, reporting positive
and negative affects on the Bradburn Affect Scale, and several other variables. The question
of whether some of these associations could be due to a response bias effect was considered,
and as far as could be ascertained, there was no response bias effect, meaning that the
associations were quite specific. After national differences, the variables best predicting that
one has had some psychic experience were sum of affect according to the Bradburn Affect
Scale and belief in reincarnation.
In the past 10-15 years, surveys have been conducted in a few coun-
tries that used large representative national samples and included items on
psychic experiences and beliefs (Audience Selection, 1980; Greeley,
1975; Haraldsson, 1978, 1985; IMU 1978, 1980). It is interesting to note
that most of these surveys were initiated by sociologists and journalists
outside the field of parapsychology. These surveys have provided an op-
portunity to make cross-national comparisons of the frequency of reports
of various psychic experiences and beliefs. However, differences in the
content and wording of items have made direct comparisons across coun-
tries both difficult and highly tentative. Haraldsson (1985) has reported on
such surveys in Iceland, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States,
and he has made a tentative comparison of findings across countries.
Striking national differences were found in both the frequency of reported
experiences and belief in various kinds of allegedly paranormal phe-
nomena.
I The authors gratefully acknowledge two research grants from the Parapsychology Foun-
dation in the U.S., a travel grant from the Tiger Trust in Holland, and support from the
University of Iceland.
The Journal of the American Society for
-00792R000400100003-0 Psychical Research Vol. 85, April 1991
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