EXPERIMENTAL DREAM TELEPATHY-CLAIRVOYANCE AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY (MICHAEL PERSINGER)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000400030001-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: RP

Approved For Release
tajp~reanj
Drre TeZepat _Clairvayance and
G~c,ma_grlet,ic Acti.yitY
Michael Persirfger, PhD, L_aur,entzan University, S,.fdbriry,
Qntario, Canada, and Stanley KriQpner^, PhD, Sa
ybro,_,k Tnstltilte,
San Francisccr; California,
Tntroductior;
Several studies
invc,lvinq putative
(T-C) eH "~=r,tanec,us telepatyic-
periences concerning clairvoyant
death o, yant
have su r cs to f _r' to
99ested a r. amily members
4enrnannetic fr,i.e.
Ontributir~rr
evidence ( t- these Phenomena.
e?4?, Schal.at n ~-}ersin 'here
i s some
get. IrgLq i) that
have Occurred when the aeornaonetir activxty was SpJntane,.,,.1,, ?..., exper.iencF~;
Ys before AOwer' (; . e.
or afterwards a nd ca?rnpr) than the
lower tr
decided lac, means Of ;he ra,rnthly \,0-laes. We
t11 study whether
i.5 pcltter'r, was c,V1C:Ien? to ex Oar;me
experiences as well.
.
nta;. 7-C
The exrger'
lrnents lrl T_C
dreams r
observatons} in his r, q ,eW out of MCnta I.,a
q ~tI ir,iarl, 5
pa~C"hlati`1C (i 9Fi q)
cOmmUnl 7]1'aC?I' 1('?p. ,-
cation ,f -'s t;ensih;
apoearinq in the ;nt,rnal:_,; S
he Context
clients. '='' sortie Ullman CII^eams repartPd
decided to by
ina lire whethf,r, y
h 1-spherrr.,liren~;r,
reams that were experiment w?uld
a 1 .1 y Won aaaear`
Mola ld t .. recI (Wider seem to ccrntrn,71pC,
exclude alternative canei.? ions .: 4-
ha
pro1ect nterpretat1Ons. U1in7arf was
by Stanley Kri 7_;lned
goner, now
Institute, San Franr;c-- Professor of asyrh, 1 .,Y at c ..L..
?Ychoph..-F ie= H,,nrr~
t, r,
.
Ysir_al Research Lahcrr`at orlp5 now Cir^r,rt,or? _.f t He
are r Pri r,r.e# r..rn, New
cam
Zed Of,lt i n t ay.. The
h
e V e Derlroents
7n1 L (a h,,-r?a
rl,'' y ri f'.
Ma llnrln)CIF?~1 w~t11r,.,? n
P r1F; Y'..
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Brooklyn. where Ullman served as director of the Commnrnity Mental. F+gatth
The typical procedure followed at Maimonides was for the percipient (or
subject) to arrive at the laboratory in time to meet the agent -- a person who
would spend much of the night focusing upon the contents of an art print. The
percipients task was to dream about this art print ever though it wo+..tld tie
selected once the percipient was isolated from the agent. The percipient
would also meet the two experimenters who would explain the procedures. (On a
few occasions, the art print was Gelected randomly, was not removed from the
sealed envelope, and no agent was used. The percipient was simply instructed
to attempt dreaming about the art print.)
After electrodes were attached to the percipient's head for the
monitoring of brain waves anc eye movements, the percipient would have no
further contact with the anent until the following morning. Ar, experimenter
threw dice that, in combination with a random number table, provided a number
that corresponded to one on a sealed envelope containing an art print. The
envelope was opened once the anent reached his or her arivate room in a
distant part of the building. This, art print became the target or, which the
agent focused during the course of the night (Ullman & Krinpner, 1978).
The experimenters took turn'a monitoring the percipient's sleep. Toward
the end of each period of rapid eye movement (REM), the percipient was
awauened nv an experimenter via intercom and described any dream content that
could be recalled. These comments were tape recorded as was a morning
interview in which the percipient associated to his or her dream recall.. The
interview was conducted douple blind; neither the percipient nor the
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experimenters knew the identity of the target nor the pool of art prints from
which the target had been randomly selected.
The target for a given night and the dreams far the night ,
a number of strikin often contain+eC
9 similarities, suDgesting that an anomaly (so-eal]ed
? "telepathy" or
"clairvoyance") occurred. For^ example, or, 23 may 196
target was a print of a zebra painted by 6 the
Y an ur,knnyrr, rndiar, artist, T
Percipient dreamed about a "horse show, ? ,hf?
a horse race,? and a "strived tie.
But it could have been the case that any transcript of a n ,
have contained 1oht s dr earns mi_,ht
Passages of striking similarity to any Picture to
might have been compared (Child, 1985). wlich they
To evaluate the chance hypothesis, the ;tiairnonides tears c?bt
of similarity between the judprnentr
the dream content
and each of the other
targets in the pool from which the aoter,tial
actual target had been
rYPicall ,'and,.-,r'r1Y selected,
Y, three judges were used who w+,.rke
d h?. i r,d anr+ i r,r. er~F r,r_ er,t. y
other with materials that had been mei:l.ed to
about there. 'C,++,ey har
which picture had
beer, randomly selected as the
difference between targets
and norr-targets
Content w in thei- sin.ilar ity to as considered an apparent PParent anomaly, ''ypi.cally, the tar^oet c,-,gals t.~sed
by the judges were duplicates that had ,,aver been handled by the ac7ent5.
Although percipients sometime-
red the rudnes
Simi
larities t':-, on rate ta r p t r i . ~,..
a 100-point scale 9--_re.tt~
, the only fora
in which data
a*^e avai tante
e l l sessions is a count f
t
tdr4et pool heir own, crearns a.n:1irl 5t the
(before they discovered the identi.t
dltho,.igh v of the aa: t~.ial. tar
some experiments req.,
get), and
men judges' ts and misses.
ranked in l the !. a rn ell
the upper half
o the target lit
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noel of six) for similarity to the dreams and post-sleep interview, the
Outcome was considered a hit. If the actual target had been ranked in thja
lower- half of the 0001 (e.g., 44, #5, #6 in a cool of six), the outcome aa!
considered a miss. The median score of the three judges was selected t
Ceter'nine hits and misses.
For the o'ir?noses of thin study, the ranks were divided into four
categories. A "high hit" would ne a rank in the top cuartile (e.g, #1 or 12
it a oooi of eight; 41 in a cool of six), a "low hit" would be a rank in the
., #3 or #4 in a pool of eight; #2 or #3 in a pool of
"high miss" would bP a rank, in the third quartile (P. g., #5 or #6 in
a oool of eight; 04 or #5 in a pool of six); a "low miss" would be a rank in
the fourtn quartile (47 or #8 in a Doll of eight; #6 in a pool of six).
The first night' eaci subject spent at the Maimonides Laboratory was
utilized and the other nights were discarded. This yielded 62 experimental
-L nights available for analysis -- 18 "high hits," 29 "low hits," 7 "high
misses," and 8 "'low misses." The 62 cases represent an almost total
collection of subjects seen betwepr, ")62 and 1.969 at Mai.rnonides.
It was decioea to "se geomagnetic activity as measured by the AA index.
Northern hernisohere AA values were collected for the 3 days before, the day
of, and the 3 ca.vs after the day that each subject began the dream
experiment. These AA values were determined from Mayaud's (1973) data and
conseouent monthly updates. Mean monthly values were also listed. Subjects
(cases) were coded accordinq to hander and to the closeness of their dreams'
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correspondence to the
target (i.e., "hi:;h hit
r HH; ,low nit" or (.H; "7ir~h
miss" or HM; "low miss?
or LM). In other woF^ds, these four, groups recresente:_
Judges' ranks Of successive
order trorn strongest
?hits" to stY^ n
"misses. Best
The major design involved MANOVA (multiale analyses of variance). Th
repeated measure was the AA values for the r e
hr^ee days before, the day Of, and
the three days aft
er the day the experiment was held (a total of 7 days).
range of th
e
activit .--- 11- "' a geomaoretir
y Within this period tends to
be cor','elated, 0artic,_t}arly wit'-1 a Give"
day plus/mi.nus 1 or days. Exceclt fspecific Per i,,,bicities, the
intercorrelations between geomagnetic aCtlvity on a day and +
days before more than three
or afterwards
are not statrstrcally rn~, significarAt. The twr ma l r,r
main factors (r!on-repeated) were gender (male vs. ferna.le) and r~rc,,.i : or.
the numbers of Itec?a
subjects within the HM -, s_
and LM groups were
respectively), nal.' (N-7,
additional analyses were rornpleted, with these two
combined.
The major analyses
involved lc,o base
'0 transfarrnatir_,rs of the eai'y .AA
values, this was COnraleted in order
to reauce the e,antr^ibl_(tic,ns frc,ro sin0?e
outlier cases (days) and to
increase the homogeneity of variance oetweer,
Groups and between re
peaters measures. H,:,wev(3r, all analyses were a1s)
completed using the original AA values as
Q.,are root transf-,rrna ,
the latter tic,, cec~~,ise
were not as extreme
as the 1
. rnodifications? A p.=Sterir,r_i
"-trasts were completed
using corrEJ.atec t-tests for
F. 't e~rendent t- each }r_?acy ana
test
s (between groups on riven day) to c;er,errnire the sc,~rr re of
#fty factor by re
t
pea
ed measure interaction
s.
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 Correlated t-tests with p values set at p (.01 (to reduce the effect of
multiple t probabilities) were completed for each group for the AA values of
each of the 7 days during the experiment and the AA average for the month in
which toe experience' occurred. The latter analyses were completed to
determine the absolute activity oF the days of the experience compared to the
typical monthly values rather than restricting the analyses to the relative
differences between the key day and the days before and afterwards. All
analyses were completed using SPSSX software on a DEC2020 computer.
MANOVA for all 62 subjects according to the three major groups (HH, LH,
LM plus HM), gender, and the seven repeated measures (key days plus/minus 3
days) of geomagnetic activity (AA values) demonstrated no significant group or
^encer interactions. However, there was a significant (F=2.53, df=12, p=.003)
interaction between groups and the geomagnetic activity over days for the log
pose transformed AA values (Fig"re 1). There was also a nearly significant
gaily difference (c=2.54, df=5,336, p=.03). There were neither gender by day
or gender by group by day interactions. The group by day interaction was
significant (p=.01) for the absolute AA values as well.
Six of the experimental days involved the testing of two subjects rather
than one. To determine if this slight modification in procedure may have
altered the geomagnetic contribution to the psi effect, additional analyses
were completed on those days (cases) where only one subject was tested. The
basic results are shown in Figure 2. There was no appreciable change in the
geomagnetic temporal pattern and the significant day by group interactions
were not affected.
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When all four groups were analyzed irr a similar
results were noted. desxon, the same
There were no bas h=
sign"ficar,t main effect differences
the four groups or between genders. Aga z n bet weer,
days interactions (F=2-02, dfc18, 324 , there was a significant
grOUP by
Remo vin
9 the second main (109) and a between days difference,
(non-repeated)
fact,-,,, of gender and simply usInj)
four groups did not change the
I r,e
effect. rher
day effects (F 3. 76 were still si.Inificant r
, df=6y 348, epeate~~
P=.001)
anc; day b
P=.003) interaction, Y
The a basic res,.ilts are
aresented in A 2oste~iari
tests showed that tt7e
between
between days n~'ar.'S,.c,nif~can?t differ
for the four grauos rent-
cr., 3 days befOr, this day, the georna ore the key day
cnetic activit
Y was hinher (P=,_'1.40, df=58, n=.02), ,
finding was confirmed by Duncan's analysis (n=.o
tiffs
within `' Cc,rrelatecl s
gr?uo rampar.is,,ns _)? t -test
(set at d=,01) demonstrated that the
experiments f ,r
for Group I (HH) g7t
were $ of the
quieten than aay
(t213-04, df=17)
The night of df=171 .and the ex~.ier'? ence
quieter than the (f7ilIs
average of ) was signr`~car,,Iy
the month (t.=4,5`
day (t-2.B2) and the ', df=17, o -. r Both
r('1)? the
days -1 (t=c?'.68) ~:ey
the month, and 1)1us (t=3.84) were a,.iieter than
For the second group (LH) cc,r,
p
ti was high ,r i'h3lQ the activity On days er' (t'=4.81) than the p,,_,nthly avFr'ur?P.
ik- Ys Ol US 1 ( s7 n.
P HM) demanst
?_At gnet ed a.m ,,irnas,_~a1 pattern.
is activity or, day "r
cant Y averages.
differences
between the Then were
rwards. Y
The third Dreg ( days and the