THE RESPONSE SENSITIVITY OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY EXTRAOCULAR SIGHT PERCEPTION TO LIGHT OF FOUR DIFFERENT KINDS OF WAVELENGTHS

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000300030001-1
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• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 1998
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THE RESPONSE SENSITIVITY OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY EXTRAOCULAR SIGHT
PERCEPTION TO LIGHT OF FOUR DIFFERENT KINDS OF WAVELENGTHS
Authors: Zhang Yunzhi, Yang Jianhua, Ye Ziquan (from the Biophysics Research
Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences); Liu Yicheng, Tan Dajun, and
Tian Jingfa (from the Physics Institute of the Chinese Academy of sciences)
We knew earlier that, in normal ocular sight perception, light of
different wave lengths produces different response sensitivity, and from this
we constructed the sight spectrum sensitivity curve. The recent reports of
some authors [1] show that physiologically extraocular sight perception, just
like normal ocular sight perception, is also capable of producing different
sensations of color for light of different wave lengths. What then, with
respect to extraocular sight perception and light of different wavelengths, is
the difference in the degree of response sensitivity? This essay utilizes the
methods of psychology and physics to make a rough comparison of the
corresponding values of the response sensitivity of physiological extraocular
sight perception to light of four different kinds of wave lengths (636 Mmu,
560 Mmu, 491 Mmu, and 452 Mmu). The results show that the extraocular sight
perception of the tested persons by us have different response sensitivity to
the light of four different kinds of wave lengths. Due to the limits of the
test, the contents of this report can only be used as qualitative observation
material; the data in this report have no quantitative significance.
1. For a diagram of the equipment used in the experiment see diagram
one. The monochromatic light meter shown in the diagram is a WDS-J2 model;
the light source was a 30W filament bulb; we made our own collimator to
establish the relative value of the capacity of the light wave lengths
generated by the monochromatic light meter. We regulated the intensity of each
monochromatic light by a neutral light filter placed between the light source
and the point where the light entered the monochromatic light meter.
2. The standard we used for selecting the wavelengths is: the freshest
sense of color, and the greatest distance between the wave lengths. We did
this in order to diminish discrepancies in the test. Based on this, we
selected four kinds of wave lengths, a red color of 636Mmu, a yellow of 560
Mmu, a green of 491 Mmu, and a blue color of 452 Mmu, for use in our survey.
3. The test process: The test began by having the test proctor
randomly select one kind of light from among the four kinds of wave lengths
described above and by placing a neutral light filter between the illuminating
lamp of the monochromatic light meter and the point where the light enters the
monochromatic light meter. Following this, the test proctor had the person
tested place an extraocular part of the body (the palm of the hand) at the
point where the light exits the monochromatic light meter and thereby start
the extraocular "recognition" until the person tested becomes aware of the
sense of color,whereupon the person tested reported this awareness to the
proctor. Finally, the above described process was repeated while the proctor
steadily diminished the transparency of the neutral light filter until the
person tested said that the sense of color had ceased. At this point, the
proctor recorded the wave length being tested and the transparency rate of the
neutral light filter. This transparency rate was then designated the threshold
transparency rate eta. Eta and the corresponding relative value of the light
wave length were multiplied and inverted to produce the corresponding value of
the sensitivity response of the person tested's extraocular sight sensitivity
to the wave length of this light. Once the proctor obtained the corresponding
values of the sensitivity response for all four wave lengths, the test was
completed.
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Diagram 1: A diagram of the principal equipment used in the experiment.
A. Point where light exits the monochromatic light meter.
B. The hand of the person being tested.
C. The monochromatic light meter.
D. The covering (for the tested person's hand).
E. Point where light enters the monochromatic light meter.
F. The neutral filter.
G. The electricity gauge.
H. The lamp.
I. The electricity stabilizer.
In order to prevent the tested person's normal ocular vision from
interfering with the test process, [the area]from the point where the light
exits the monochromatic light meter to the tested person's extraocular body
part(the palm of the hand) was enclosed in a covering.
Participating in the test were two young girls, Miss Li (ten years old)
and Miss Miao (also ten), both of whom possess extraocular sight perception.
1. The relative value of the two tested persons' sensitivity response
to light of four different wavelengths is as follows:
Miss Li's relative sensitivity value for light of a wave length of 636
Mmu was 30; for wave length 560 Mmu,22%; for wave length 491 Mmu, 51%; and for
wave length 452Mmu, 81%.
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Miss Miao's relative sensitivity value for light of a
wave
length of
636
Mmu was 49.; for wave length 560 Mmu, 8%;for wave length 491
wave length 452 Mmu,38%.
Mmu,
24%; and
for
Diagram 2 shows the above described results of the relationship between
wave length and sensitivity.
From the test results we can clearly see that the two tested persons'
extraocular sight perception of light of four different wave lengths had
different sensitivity responses. Among the four kinds of light, the tested
persons were most sensitive to the blue light of 452 Mmu,and next most
sensitive to the green light of 491 Mmu; but least sensitive to the red light
of 636 Mmu.
2. Comparing the above described results to the spectrum sensitivity
curve of physiologically normal sight perception we can see that: the
extraocular sight perception of the two tested persons had different
sensitivity responses to light of four different wavelengths; moreover, the
wave length to which the two tested persons were most sensitive was also
different. Normal ocular sight perception during daylight is most sensitive
to light of 550 Mmu but, during evening, most sensitive to light of 505 Mmu.
Normal ocular sight perception can deal with pale green light whereas
extraocular sight perceptions more sensitive to blue light than to pale
green.
Differences in the degree of sensitivity of normal ocular sight
perception to light of different wave lengths is determined by the special
light sensing characteristics of the tiny light sensing cells in the sclera.
Because of this, the part that produces these differences is the primary
sensing organ in the whole vision perception system. How are differences in
the degree of sensitivity to the light spectrum of extraocular sight
perception constructed? In which part of this system are these produced?
These are problems worth our consideration.
This test informs us that light of different wavelengths is capable of
producing different perceptions of color. The problem of color perception,
however, is an even more complex problem. The recognition of color
information in physiologically normal ocular vision is not only related to the
special characteristics of the organs of light perception but also related to
the special processing characteristics of the optical nerve system to color
information. At present, according to some authors,these two special
characteristics of normal ocular sight perception are explained by the three
colors theory of Yangyi-xiamu-huoerci [phonetic] and the four colors theory of
Xylene [phonetic]. While testing extraocular sight perception, we discovered
that "ocular sight" and "extraocular sight" have the same sense of color with
regard to the same kind of color information (regardless of whether the color
is monochromatic or polychromatic). This leads us to think that perhaps
between them "ocular sight" and "extraocular sight" have a similar
transmitting and processing channel for color information. Our present
experiment, however, tells us that their response to the light spectrum is not
quite similar and this leads us to think that their color information
transmitting and processing channels are also different as well. In that case
then what relationship do these two "sight perception" systems have in
receiving, transmitting, and processing spatial color information? This is
also worth our consideration.
3. This experiment only compared extraocular sight perception
sensitivity with respect to light of four kinds of wave lengths. Although we
can see differences in the degree of sensitivity, we have not however obtained
a most sensitive light wave length value. We suggest that the appropriate
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work units can continue with this work in order to complete the curve for
spectrum sensitivity of extraocular sight perception.
4. The relative value for the monochromatic light meter's spectrum used
in the present experiment was obtained using a standard produced by an
illuminator of our own manufacture. Although this illuminator was previously
checked for accuracy, that was some time ago and therefore the results
produced by this experiment are only for qualitative use. We take the
opportunity here to call the reader's attention to this point.
X -X /J,-Np. a (( ',1
A. Relative value of the degree of sensitivity given as a percentage.
B. The results for Miss Li.
C. The results for Miss Mial.
D. Wave length (Mmu).
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THE SECOND PLENUM OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF CHINESE
PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (PREPARATORY) CONVENES IN SHANGHAI
The Second Plenum of the Committee of the Research Association of
Chinese Physiological Sciences convened in Shanghai on November 9, 1981.
Twenty six committee members from twenty four provinces, cities, and
autonomous areas attend the plenum. The committee passed three documents:
"(Draft) Regulations of the Research Association of Chinese Physiological
Sciences," "Essential Notes of the Committee," and "A Report Concerning a
Recommendation That an Organization of National Science Committees Undertake
Experimental Verification of Physiologically Unique Skills."
Looking back at the work done over the last half year, the committee
acknowledged that, under the leadership and concern of party committees at
each level, and with the support of the science committees and associations of
each area, and due to the efforts of science and technology workers, the work
situation of the Research Association of Physiological Sciences is excellent;
and the preparatory plans for local research associations at every level have
made progress. The committee decided to convene, at an appropriate time in
1982, at a specialized scholarship symposium to discuss physics, biology,
inner strength [trans. note: "gigong," a branch of traditional Chinese
medicine] and their relationship to unique skills, how they tie into unique
skills, and other aspects.
Committee delegates proceeded to analyze the question of society's
denial of the true nature of physiologically unique skills. The delegates
recognized that it is a good thing and not a bad thing to use explanations
from different branches of learning to debate a new science because only by
repeated, rigorous, learned debate together with strict experimental
verification can we rid ourselves of falsehood and find truth, distinguish
between right and wrong, and cause research work to progress healthily in the
correct direction. However, the plenum and each individual delegate recognize
that they are unable to accept the view that these skills are "unscientific,"
a view based on the fact that the phenomenon of physiologically unique skills
is difficult to explain using present scientific theories. Nor can they
accept the lumping of physiologically unique skills together with feudal
superstitions and the "soul only theory" of the philosophic idealists. The
committee sees this attitude as incompatible with objective real conditions
and especially harmful to the future progress of China's scientific
undertakings.
The committee pointed out that, since the March 1979 discovery of the
phenomenon of "reading words with the ears," the whole country has continued
to discover many children with this kind of ability. Moreover a good many
science and technology workers have proceeded with a large number of
experimental investigations the results of which show that physiologically
unique skills objectively exist. The phenomenon of physiologically unique
skills cannot even today be fully explained by conventional scientific
theories. This clearly shows the scientific need for and importance of
proceeding with this research work. Using scientific methods to research this
phenomenon and striving to explain it directly opposes feudal superstition and
also thoroughly destroys the fundamental methods of superstition. At the
moment, the debate centers on whether "reading words with the ears," this kind
of physiologically unique skill, really exists or not. The best way to
resolve this debate is through scientific experiments. Therefore, the
committee proposed that, under the leadership of the national science
committees, formal experimental proofs of the real nature of "reading words
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with the ears" be organized. A debate that departs from scientific experiment
is of no value.
The committee reiterated that research work on physiologically unique
skills must be conducted under the leadership of the party; must be guided by
Marxist theory in order to uphold the methods and universal views of
dialectical materialism; must guard against and resist fully the incursions of
idealist thought, and must proceed unrelentingly to battle feudal
superstitions and all kinds of anti-Marxist thought and behavior.
The committee seeks to have the broad mass of scientific workers base
their work on strict, rigid scientific experiments and, starting with the most
fundamental research work, be prepared to spend years or even tens of years
completing one or two key experiments that will be fully acknowledged by both
domestic and foreign scientists.
The committee selected He Chongyan as chairman of the preparatory
committee, and Long Wenyu, Ye Zhaoqi, Wu Xicai, Lin Shuhuang, Su Yin (female),
and He Chongyan as members of the standing committee (together with one other
individual), and Zhu Runlong as committee secretary.
Each committee delegate acknowledges that this plenum convened at the
most opportune moment, collected a broad spectrum of opinion, clarified
thinking, standardized our knowledge, strengthened our unity, completed the
establishment of our organization, and achieved satisfactory results.
Everyone said sincerely that, although the road before us is difficult,
nevertheless the future of research on physiologically unique skills is
bright.
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