THE EFFECTIVE SURFACE AND SPACE CHARGES ON THE LUMINESCENCE PATTERN THAT ACCOMPANIES PHOTOGRAPHING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00787R000500090005-5
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• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 1998
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• Content Type: PAPER

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Continuing material from the first Congress of Psychotronic Reasearch,
Prague, 1973.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACE AND SPACE CHARGES ON THE LUMINESCENCE PATTERN THAT ACCOMPANIES
PHOTOGRAPHING BY MEANS OF UNIPOLAR PULSES
by
Valerii A. Doktorovich,
Viktor G. Adamenko,
and
Semen D. Kirlian
(Simferopol', U.S.S.R.)
The process of obtaining images of various objects by means of high-
frequency currents is based on the phenomenon of cold electron emission (2).
"High-frequency" images register the distribution of an electric rather than a
light field on the surface of an object (and in the case of a dielectric down
to a certain depth also). Therefore, these images are unusual and are not
similar to optical images: changes in their structure during the photographing
of living organisms are evidence of a change in the configuration of the electric
field on the skin. Such a change in man is evidently associated (other photo-
graphing conditions being equal) with his psychophysiological inward state.
It is well known that high-frequency discharge cameras are variously
constructed capacitors any of whose plates may be the photographed object proper
while the other may be a metallic electrode that is screened by a dielectric
(photographic film). During the photographing process, cold emission takes
place alternately from each of the electrodes (it should be noted that it is pre-
cisely for this reason that the image of the metallic electrode is superimposed
on the image of the object).
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It was of interest to use a monopolar-postgenerator to separate the
resultant pattern of the discharge luminescence into two patterns: One from
the action of the positive voltage on the object, and the second from the action
of the negative voltage.
As investigations have demonstrated, the luminescence patterns obtained
as a result of photographing by means of pulses having different polarities have
a different appearance. Depending on the photographic conditions, the form of
the contour streamers may vary substantially and may sometimes take on the form
of curved lines. It has been clarified that the decisive factor determining the
shape of the contour streamers is the accumulation of surface charges on the
photolayers. The luminescence changed as a result of a slight wetting of the
photolayer. The length of the contour streamers increased significantly, and
the curvature of the streamers gradually vanished. For a very wet layer, the
length of the streamers decreased significantly, their luminescence energy
dropped, as the image quality likewise became significantly degraded. This
phenomenon may be explained by the fact that for a dry photolayer the accumula-
tion of electric charge on the dielectric substrate of the photolayer takes
place; this leads to interaction of the stored charge with the contour streamers
and is manifested in their twisting. For an increase in the wetness of the photo-
layer the electrical charges are distributed uniformly over the the photolayer,
and the contour streamers are shaped in the form of straight lines whose length
depends on the degree of wetness of the photolayer. In the case of the discharge
between objects through the air, the contour streamers follow along the lines of
force of the field, and the effect of charge storage is not observed. When
photographing is performed by means of a high-frequency pulse generator that
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the photolayer is significantly lower and causes defocusing of the ends of the
contour streamers. However, the wetting of the photolayer changes the luminescence
pattern in this case also.
The effect of the space charge of the discharge gap on the structure of
the image of the object was investigated by means of an additional source of direct
voltage which was connected in series-opposition or series aiding with the voltage
of the monopolar-pulse generator. Evidently, the change in the discharge pattern
which was detected when the additional voltage source was cut in takes place as
a consequence of the change in the electric field intensity in the discharge
camera which results in a change in the cold-emission electron current. The
presence of the direct voltage likewise changes the energy of impact ionization,
thereby changing the conditions under which the space charge is formed in the dis-
charge gap; this has an effect on the length of the discharge streamers, the
luminescence energy of the active zones, and the definition and focusing of the
over-all luminescence pattern.
As a result of the investigation that was performed, the effect of
the accumulation of surface charges on the dielectric (photographic film) was
clarified, as well as the effect of the space charge and the discharge gap on
the structure of the image obtained by means of a unipolar-pulse generator.
Therefore, in order to exclude artifacts in investigating living organisms by
means of high-frequency electrical discharges and revealing the various effects
that accompany vital activity, rigorously identical physical experimental condi-
tions and consideration of the influence of the accumulation of surface. and
space charges are required.
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S. D. Kirlian and V. Kh. Kirlian. "Photography and Visual Observation
by Means of High-Frequency Currents," Journal of Scientific and Ap-
plied Photography and Kinematography, Vol 6, No. 6, 1961.
[2]. V. G. Adamenko, S. D. Kirlian, and V. Kh. Kirlian. "On Investigation
of Biological Objects and High-Frequency Electric Fields." Collection:
Problems of Bioenergetics, in Russian, Alma-Ata, 1969.
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