A.R.E. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM #__ SOME PSYCHOENERGETIC DEVICES BY WILLIAM A. TILLER
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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM - #
Some Ps cyho nerf;etic Devices
by
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A. Introduction
This report constitutes a more detailed account of the psychoenergetic
devices and experiments investigated during a recent A.R.F. fact-finding trip
to Russia. As such, it is an extension of the General Technical Report(1)
written concerning the trip rather than a substitute report. For a complete
picture of the information received during this trip, both reports are neces-
sary. Since it was felt that many peop]e would not be interested in the
details of these devices and experiments, two reports have been written.
The present report deals with three topics: (1) Kirlian photography,
(2) Acupuncture points and the To.biscope and (3) Telekinesis'(PK) experiments
and field detectors.
B. Technical Data
1. Kirlian Photography
In this area of investigation, the important device factors fall into
two categories: (a) the operating characteristics of the electrical power
source and (b) the configuration and components of the information display
and recording devices.
(a) It was indicated that the power source should be a pulsed high-frequency
field (somewhat similar to a radar power source). The pulse characteristics
are given in Fig. 1 and are (i) pulse height = 20-10OKvolt, (ii) pulse width
10-4 to 2 x 10'1 sec, (iii) pulse repetition period =1/50 sec and (iv) A.C.
frequency - 75 to 3000KHertz. They were of the opinion that a single D.C.
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pulse would not be effective in producing the effect. [*However, work carried
out in England using this approach has revealed very interesting photographs
from radiation in the ultra-violet.] They mentioned that it was dangerous to
use D.C. rather than high frequency; with high frequency inside the pulse enve-
lope, one can work with living systems.
Although a static electric field of the same value as used in the A.C.
system ( 10' volts/cm) would also yield cold electron emission, the situation
is not straightforward as strong polarization of the electrodes would occur
(electroysis). They feel that it is necessary to have a discharge spacing be-
tween the specimen and the film in order for proper channel formation to
occur (as a result of positive ion clustering around the electron stream). The
electrons exit from the surface with different velocities and this includes
information about the object. If one uses a D.C. power source, equilibration
few
of electrons occurs and the image is absent. With D.C., in the firsttmoments
an image appears but then disappears later as equilibration occurs. The H.F.
signal is also used in the pulse so that one can decrease the size of the equip-
ment. The use of different frequencies allows one to obtain quite different
pictures, presumably associated with different resonances frpm different cells,
etc.; i.e., the electrons can come from different parts of the skin.
Actually, one need use only one pulse to obtain a photograph. The slow
pulse repetition rate is to provide low average power. It seems that a pulse
duration of about 2 x 10_1 sec is maximum and if r is much larger, the image
is poor. On the other hand, if T is too small, the channel discharge process
doesn't have time to develop (for contact photography, one can use T 2 x 10-6
sec). The total current drawn from the entire surface is less than lL, amp so
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that the actual current in a discharge-channel is much less. They ,sil:-_1,
that this is the reason for the stability of the cold electron emission.
The average power of a generator is about 1 watt (pulse power is much
larger, of course). Thus, quite small generators using batteries, transformers,
transistors, etc., can be built and taken out into the field. However, such
small generators generally do not have as much stability as one would like.
It was stated that any discharge includes photons but that only dis-
charges in a strong field produce an image. This seems to relate to electron
acceleration which leads to photon emission. Of course, even the radiation
damage effect of the electrons hitting the photographic grains can be expected
to produce massive exposure of such grains.
(b) In the simplest Kirlian device, shaped like a sandwich or parallel plate
condenser, the objcct is placed between the two plates to which voltage is
applied. If the condenser plates are too close to the object, there will be
no effect on the film. In order to get good pictures, there must be a die-
lectric gap between the object and the film. The exposure time depends on
the film speed and on the power density of the electric field.
To improve the effect and augment it, a fine screen (like ?a silk screen)
may be placed between the object and capacitor plate (and film). The film
is between the condenser plate and the screen. This screen enhances the
effect, probably by its serving as a dielectric. One type of effective screen
material is film itself that has been completely exposed and developed.
The device can be placed in a scissors arrangement as illustrated in
Fig. 2, the scissors being used to apply a slight but even pressure via the
paralon (or sponge) pads. The electrodes are developed x-ray film (AgBr -+ Ag)
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and the leads are fastened to them as indicated. The dull matt finish of
these electrodes provides poor reflectivity of light and thus is an aid to
producing a good image. The spacing between object and film is about 50
microns (can be l0? to l00?).
To improve the resolution, a layer gf saline water or other conductive
liquid is sometimes placed between the object and the film. In this case,
the film is placed with the emulsion facing away from the object so that the
emulsion won't be disturbed. The capacitor plate is then placed outside of
the film,, A further improvement can be made by using the conductive liquid
as one of the capacitor plates, thereby permitting better resolution and
faster work with the film.
For taking pictures of a section of human skin or other part of the body,
only one electrode is needed. In this case, the body acts as ground; i.e.,
only one half of the device, presented in Fig. 2, is needed. This same elec-
trode procedure is used for the Kirlian microscope, illustrated in Fig. 3,
when it is applied to the body. Photographs of the one-electrode device and
the microscope are shown in Fig. 4.
A simple rolling device, which has the advantage of operating at less
than 1 watt average power, was also described. It is illustrated in Fig. 5.
In this device, no discharge occurs at points A or C but does occur at point
B where the spacing is about 10 microns. The cylinder is rolled at about
10 cm/min and gives a moving line discharge to expose the film in sequence.
A device for taking moving pictures is illustrated in Fig. 6. It utilizes
the arrangement of Fig. 2. Controlled weights are applied to the device and
the film is pulled through at some particular speed while the discharge
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process is going on. The film is rolled in the usual way and all is contained
within a casette.
In Fig. 7, an extremely useful device idea is illustrated, The previous
methods utilized rigid capacitor plates which do not allow one to take pictures
of objectshaving irregular profiles. In the new method (described-in Russian
patent #209968 filed in 1966 by Adamenko and Kirlian), the device takes the
shape of the body. The transparent electrode is a silicon organic film;. how-
ever, many other possibilities exist. With this device, any portion of the
body can be photographed directly. In fact, one could make a snug-fitting
vest or garment of the material which could then be monitored photographically
from a distance or displayed continuously via closed-circuit T.V.
This new method grew out of an earlier idea of Kirlian's (patent #164906
in 1963) which utilized a conductive transparent material as part of the
capacitor, to which a hinged mirror was attached, and a flexible conductive
material which is laid upon the object to be photographed. The mirror is con-
cave and acts as a lens, enlarging the object to be studied. The mirror is
apparently used for visual examination when not taking photographs. Between
the object and the flexible, transparent condenser plate is placed a dielectric
net. A photographic plate is placed over the front or top of the conductor
so that the prints were merely contact prints without focusing.
The foregoing devices all operate in air at 1 atmosphere pressure. If
the pressure is reduced to 10-5 ram of mercury, the image is still retained
even with the electrode separation increased to 20-30 cm. At a pressure of
10`5 mm of mercury, the image disappears. A visual display system using
something like a television tube is illustrated in Fig. 8. In this CRT device,
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electrons from the object impinge on a 20011-trick dielectric filu- and their
charge pattern induces charge polarization on the other side of the film which,
in turn, affects the preferential geometry of electron emission from the film.
Thus, the eventual image on the screen is indeed that of the object. This is
a very important phenomenon which allows many interesting modifications of
device design.
The methods have been developed for image amplification (magnification).
In the first case, they use cold emission obtained in the small spacing device
(50p) of Fig. 2 with a high electric field at the edges, Ee... 106V/cm. However,
E is caused to decrease in the middle to EM,., 104V/cm (see Fig. 9a). Thus, the
magnification, ?, is given by
(1)
They have obtained values of 340. The second method is carried out in a
CRT type device as illustrated in Fig. 9b. The short electrode (cathode) has
a field El and the larger electrode (anode) has a field Ea (El ,., 106V/cm,
E2 is smaller). In this case, the magnification, w, is given by
E1 SP.
Ea S1
(2)
where S1 and S2 are the tensions of the two electrodes (S1 E1 S2 E., from Gauss'
law and charge conservation).
Using the T.V. tube type of device, one might expect that the use of
electron lenses would allow one to build an electron microscope with very high
magnification. However, because of the high vacuum needed in such a device,
a severe limitation exists. At 10'x' - 10_A mm of mercury pressure, one gets
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no image because of the loss of channeling ions but at 10-4 - 10-1 mm Hg, one
doesn't even need a lens. [*The use of the dielectric imprinting technique
may be a helpful aid here.]
In concluding this section, it was noted that, if a person's finger-
rints were sanded off. the Kirlian phnr_ngranhs s ; t t ,- vaat nd thn ~, ; 9-'-p
,,fingerprints. Likewise, if 2 to 1.0% of a leaf has been cut away from one
edge, the entire. adiatio astern of _rhe unalrersA leaf was still revealed
},the Kirlian.-pho.tagr,ap1j _ f It would be useful to perform the experiment
by cutting successive strips from the leaf and photographing in order to see
what percentage of the leaf can be removed without an alteration in the total
radiation pattern. Dr. Adamenko suggested that the number of radiation sources
in the ;leaf or finger may be so numerous as to produce sufficient redundancy
of thfoililaL:iotl L:hat, if a portiou1 of the leaf or skin is reuloved, the lost
sources do not significantly disrupt the multiple array pattern.
2. Acupuncture and the Tobiscope
Although it was not possible to obtain a circuit design for the Tobi-
scope described in Ref. 1, it is possible to piece together conversational
information and,propose critical circuit design features from which a person,
skilled in electronics, could make an instrument. Most simply, the device
is a D.G. amplifier with a high input impedance and is battery powered. Very
likely, the external skin impedance is arranged to be placed in parallel with
the input impedance of the Tobiscope. Thus, if the skin impedance is reason-
ably large, the total operating input impedance is unaltered by increasing
the skin path length. However, if a number of locations are found which
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produce shunting or short circuit paths of low impedance, then the effective
input impedance of the device is significantly lowered. For contact with
such points, the current flowing through the device will be greatly increased
and the current change(or voltage change) may be multiplied by the D.C. ampli-
fier to a sufficient degree to light a bulb in the head of the device. The
illumination of this light signals the location of a shunting path or an
acupuncture point.
The device operates on less than 1. micro amp at 4 volts with the 3 tran-
sistor D.C. amplifier being very stable over the voltage range of 1.3 to 3.5
volts. The input resistance is about 4-5 x 106 ohms and the device needs dry
skin to be effective in locating the acupuncture network points (wet, salty
skin leads to surface shunt paths). It is found that a resistance of about
50 x 10-' ohms exists between these network points and that the value increases
greatly during sleep. The ecLuiva] E nt rE'S1St~11C[' r~~rnr thn came 1 n b - between two non-network points is in the range ....100 ohms. At present, they
are investigating an alternating current device and find that very interesting
effects occur in the region of 1 KU per second (since one now sees the imagi-
nary part of the impedance).
The D.C. resistance between one acupuncture point and another is about
50 V~) for two adjacent network points and varies slowly, as the distance be-
tween points increases, to about 100 KQ. The same range of variation occurs
due to emotional change, light stimulus, etc. The procedure here is to use
a small current and a bridge balance method. As pointed out by Adamenko(2),
in the case of emotional excitation the points vary in diameter (as revealed
by conductivity area) and there is the possibility of the areas overlapping
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one another to form high conductivity regions. Again, it must be emphasized
that measurements are meaningful only on dry skin.
They have investigated the variation of conductivity between the network
points according to the patient's condition in hypnonis (see Fig. 11). The
conditions or states of hypnosis are listed along the abscissa as: (1) ordi-
nary state, (2) sleep with closed eyes, (3) sleep with open eyes, (4) sugges-
tion of hallucinations, (5) "artificial reincarnation", (6) work in"reincar-
nation" state. The four graphs show variations in four groups of subjects
ranging from control. group A (those not hypnotizable) through B, C and D in
increasing order of hypnotizability. As seen from the graphs, there exists a
certain relationship between the patient's hypnobility and the character of
conductivity variations. In the control group, no conductivity variation
has,been recorded which indicates the absence of emotional reactions to the
hypnotist's words.. However, in the case of ordinary emotional states, these
patients exhibit conductivity variations.
It has also been discovered that a voltage signal can be detected be-
tween two network points provided two different types of metals are used as
electrodes. On dry skin, using plated circular electrodes of 5 to 7 mm diam-
eter, a Ni-Ag combination yielded a potential difference of about 50 mv. At
skin locati.ons where such points are absent, the potential difference is close
to zero. Likewise, between two network points, using the same electrode ma-
terial (Ni-Ni or Ag-Ag,say), the potential difference is again close to zero.
It is sufficient to plate cu electrodes with Ni or Ag (they use chrome-Ni and
chrome-Ag). Adamenko finds that, the greater the work function difference,
between the electrode materials, the greater the voltage, AV, developed.
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They think that this is a galvanic cell effect with the channel of meridian
between the two network points acting as an electrolyte (like a Pb-Zn battery).
The current drawn from this battery is about 10 micro-amps; however, this
current level polarizes the electrodes so they use an impedance to reduce the
current level to about 2u, amps and then amplify the signal for display purposes.
In cases of emotional-volitive excitation, the potential difference AV may in-
crease up to 100 millivolts. Using parallel connections between several net-
work points, the voltage obtained may be as high as 0.5-1 volt and the current
accordingly increased up to some saturation limit (L = 10 A for 1 pair, I?
18u,A for 2 pairs, etc.). They feel that this high current drain could be
dangerous to the body. This network potential difference has been used to
power a simple transistor radio and a small toy vehicle.
They find that, as the electrode area, A, increases, the developed voltage,
V, increases. They also find that an A.C. pulse is diminished as the area of
the electrode increases. This is illustrated in Fig. 12 as a plot of V vs.
time; it probably represents an averaging phenomenon, wherein the A.C. signal
arises only at the acupuncture point (less than 1 mm in diameter) in the cen-
tral region of the electrode and potential averaging occurs.
In Fig. 13, the dependence of semiconductor properties of acupuncture
points on the physiological state of the internal organs connected with these
points is given. The vertical scale shows the difference in resistance (dR)
between symmetrical points in the direct and reverse directions. Each vertical
line represents a particular acupuncture connection. Curves 1 and 4: "healer"
before and after treatment. Curves 2 and 3: "patient" before and after treat-
ment.
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To fasten electrodes to a'plant, glue can be used. To fasten electrodes
to humans, around the head for example, an open helmet is used which contains
screw contact electrodes that can he moved about and brought into light but
constant pressure contact.
An interesting testing or training device, using a cylindrical capacitor
of the type illustrated in Fig. 14, was mentioned. One hand was placed on the
A.. casing grasping the cylinder in a?natural way (some acupuncture points touch
the aluminum can). The thumb and forefinger of the other hand hold the central
contact post (acupuncture points in finger touch the silver-plated contact).
The capacitor is held in this way for one minute of charging and it is then
microammeter
discharged through a A yielding a maximum signal I1, say. Next,
charging again occurs for one minute, but this time the investigator also men-
tally concentrates on charging the capacitor. The maximum discharge current
is Ia, say, yielding a ratio K = I7/I1 - the greater is K, the greater is the
ability to use one's mind in controlling the energy body. The imagination of
stress (or actual muscle tension) or excitement during this one-minute.period
can be used to alter I2. Using a 30 microfrared capacitor, the author found
I1 ~,, lO ,A; a larger capacitor (up to 10,000p,f) would probably be better. This
simple device can be used to study one's ability to concentrate and focus the
mind and by practice, one should be able to increase K significantly. It was
stated that Alla V, the PK performer, is able to produce K = 9 without too much
difficulty.
3. Telekinesis-(PK)
They find that the placing of a film on Nelya K's head during the PK
experiment leads to the presence of a large exposed spot on the film. They
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also find that film exposure occurs if the film is placed under the object
used in a PK experiment. In addition, the film may also be exposed after the
experiment due to a residual charge of some sort on the object. We heard that
Nelya K actually caused a frog's heart to stop (and that it then could not be
started again electrically). We also learned that she can influence the heart
rhythm of other people and can alter their skin condition so as to produce a
burning feeling on contact. They have found that hypnosis can be used to en-
hance PK abilities and that autogenic training was used to help increase Alla V's
PK abilities. It was also stated that Nelya K cannot move objects if they are
in a vacuum and that after the levitation of a small ball in air, an electro-
static charge of 5 x l0`' coulombs was found on the ball.
It was not possible to obtain any specific information concerning the
Sergeyev detector of pulsating magnetic fields in the vicinity of the PK object.
However, it is likely to be the detection of a magnetic field using a sensing
element of the barium titanate variety. It was learned that plants make even
befit der tors of the PK fields, when electrodes are applied to two acupunc-
tur ints of the plant.,, Using 5 mm diameter electrodes of Ni and Ag, they
obtain about 50 my between two points which is amplified. During a PK experi-
ment, current pulses occur which change from 5 mA ambient to over 100 mA at the
pulse Zeak (see Fig. 15).
They have not fully studied the distribution of field strength between
the operator and object during PK and find it to be a difficult question. The
field intensity does increase as one reaches the object but probably not in
the radiation type mode illustrated in Fig. 16. They don't know what type of
field pattern exists on the other side of the object and seem to think that
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the force is somehow just manifest in the vicinity of the object without tan-
gible intervening field linkages between the operator and object. In the case
of the rolling cylinder used in the PK experiments by Alla V, Adamenko thinks
that a charge dipole forms, as illustrated in Fig. 17, which gives a moment
such that one could move the object in either direction depending on how one
held his .hand. [This is not clear to me either.]
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