PROGRESS REPORT NO. 3 PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES 1 APRIL - 1 AUGUST 1974

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Progress Report No. 3
Covering the Period 1 April to 1 August 1974
Stanford Research Institute Project 3183
PERCEPTUAL AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES
Harold E. Puthoff
Client Private
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The purpose of the program is to determine the characteristics of
those perceptual modalities through which individuals obtain information
about their environment, wherein such information is not presented to
any known sense.
The program is divided into two categories of investigation of
approximately equal effort, applied research and basic research. The
purpose of the applied research effort is to explore experimentally
the potential for applications of perceptual abilities of interest,
with special attention given to accuracy and reliability. The purpose
of the basic research effort is to identify the characteristics of
individuals possessing such abilities, and to identify neurophysiological
correlates and basic mechanisms involved,in such functioning.
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A . Applied Research
1. Remote Viewing
(a) Project Atlas Remote Viewing
A remote-viewing experiment has been carried out on a client-
designated target of interest, a European R&D test facility. The experiment,
carried out in three phases, had as its goal the determination of the utility
of remote-viewing under operational conditions.
In phase I, map coordinates were furnished to the experimenters,
the only additional information provided being the designation of the target'-
as an R&D test facility. The experimenters then carried out a remote viewing
experiment with Subject 1 (Pr' e) on a double-blind basis. The results of the "'//I41
experiment were turned over to client representatives for data evaluation.
Figure 1 shows the level of detail for a sample early effort,
at building layout, and Figure 2 shows the subject's first effort at drawing
.a gantry crane he observed, both results being obtained on a double-blind
basis before exposure to client-held information. An artist's conception of
the site as known to the client (but not to contract personnel)prior to the
experiment is shown in Figure 3.
Were the results not promising, the experiment would have
stopped at this point. The, results were judged to be of sufficiently good
quality', however, that Phase II was entered in which the subject was made
witting by client representatives.
A second round of experimentation ensued with participation
Numerical designations for subjects are discussed in Section B.
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of client representatives. The Phase II effort was focussed on the generation
of physical data which could be client-verified, providing a calibration in
the process. The end.iof Phase II gradually evolved into the first part of
Phase III, the generation of unverifiable data not available to the client,
but of interest nonetheless. Evaluation of the data by the client is under-
way.
(b) Costa Rica Remote Viewing Experiment
Subjects 1,+ and 4 participated in a long-distance experimen-c
involving a Central American target series. In this experiment, one of the
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experimenters (Dr. Puthoff) spent ?a week traveling through Costa Rica on a A91
combination business/pleasure trip. That is all that was known to the subjects Yi,
about the traveler's itinerary. The experiment called for Dr. Puthoff to
keep a detailed record of his location and activities, including photographs,
each day at 1330 PDT. Six daily responses were obtained from Subject 1, five
from Subject 4.
The results were of high quality and are presently being
evaluated in detail, containing as they did a large amount of material.
Samples of that data are as follows.
Of the five daily responses obtained from Subject 4, two
were in excellent agreement, two had elements in common but were not clear
correspondences, and one was clearly a miss. In the first of the two matches,
Dr. Puthoff was driving in rugged terrain at the base of a volcano
(Figure 4) and the subject's response was "large bare table mountain,
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jungle below, dark cool moist atmosphere," a match both with regard to
topography and ambience. In the second match the subject submitted that
all she got was a "picture of Dr. Puthoff sitting in a beach chair by a
pool," which was entirely correct.
During the course of the Central America experiment,
occasion when the test subject was unavailable, an experimenter volunteered
a drawing of an image he obtained at the beginning of one of the daily ex"
periments. (The target for that day was an airport, an unexpected target
associated with:.a side excursion at midpoint of the week's activity.) The
match was good, as shown in Figures 5 and;6. The transcript data will be
examined further to determine fine structure, resolution, etc.
(c) Local Targets with Feedback
In this series of experiments, designed to give immediate
data to experimenters, a subject is asked to take part in a remote viewing.
experiment under the following conditions.
The subject and two experimenters (one of whom was R.T.)
are in a first floor laboratory in building 30 at SRI. A second experimenter
(H.P.) :Leaves the area and proceeds to a remote location -of his choosing.
None of the experimenters with the subject knew of the remote target location.
H.P. and R.T. are in two-way radio communication via walkie-talkie, (a) to
provide the experimenter at the target location real-time data and (b) to give
the subject immediate feedback after he has made his assessment of the target.
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FIGURE 6 SKETCH PRODUCED BY 'SUBJECT FROM SAN ANDRES, COLOMBIA, AIRPORT
USED AS REMOTE VIEWING TARGET
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By this means the subject has an opportunity to learn to separate real from
imagined images. This is not considered to be a demonstration-of-ability
test, but rather a training step on a gradient scale of ability. In many
of these experiments we monitor physiological correlates as discussed in
Section B.3 (b). (Nine of these experiments have been completed to date,
seven with the measurements of physiological correlates.)
The following is a sample of an experiment with Subject 4.
In this experiment we monitored physiolocial.correlates of the remote
viewing activity.
As is apparent in. the following text, the subject initially
had only a fragmentary picture of the remote site, but with what we judge to
be a small amount of feedback, the subject was able to put images together
into a correct description. Accompanying the verbal description presented
below is a photograph of the actual scene at the remote location (Fig. 7).
The experimenter with the subject (R.T.) was, as always, kept ignorant of the
target location to prevent guidance in the questioning. The capital letters.
signify walkie-talkie communication.
R.T,: It is now 12:35.
S-4: ....very strong diagonal....like a zigzag that goes this:,way, vertically.
R.T.: S-4's FIRST IMPRESSION IS OF A VERY STRONG DIAGONAL. ZIGZAG THAT'S GOING
VERTICALLY. OVER. (Talking on walkie talkie to H.P.)
H.P.: THERE IS A STRONG ZIGZAG AT MY PLACE, BUT IT IS NOT VERTICAL BUT RATHER
HORIZONTAL; BUT IF SHE IS LOOKING FROM THE AIR, THAT'S EXACTLY WHAT IT
WOULD LOOK LIKE. OVER.
R.T.: Can you tell what the zigzag is attached to? Whether it's part of a
building or a fence on the ground?
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R.T.: It's 12:41.
S-4: My head gets in the way now that he's said that it's horizontal. I
usually think of a fence.
R.T.: Why don't you go up and look down and view the whole thing from above
and see if you can get the whole gestalt of where he is.
S-4: .....definitely a non-yegetation...almost no vegetation around. It's
mostly concrete and whatever that zigzag is--either water or steel--shiny,
zigzag,..definitely shiny.
R.T.: 7267, THE ZIGZAG IS A SHINY THING WHETHER IT'S STEEL OR
S-4: Water..
R.T.: WATER, WE CAN'T TELL. IT'S SHINY AND THERE'S VERY LITTLE VEGETATION--NO
VEGETATION AROUND;...
S-4: Mostly concrete. . .
R.T.: IT'S MOSTLY CONCRETE...
S-4: He's standing on concrete....
R.T.: YOU'RE STANDING ON CONCRETE. OVER.
H.P.: IT CERTAINLY IS TRUE THAT THIS IS SHINY AND IN MY NEAR VICINITY IT IS
BARREN AND CONCRETE OR CONCRETE-COLORED EARTH. SHE SAID THAT IT LOOKED
LIKE STEEL 'OR WATER. CAN SHE MAKE THE DIFFERENTIATION BE TEEN THE T''O?
R.T.: He wants to know whether it looks more like steel or water.
S-4: It seems to have movement--that's why I would deduce that it's water.
R.T.: What if you try to look at the whole thing.
9-4: I'm trying to get an eagle's eye view. That's a waterworks.
R. T.: Why does it look like a waterworks? In what way?
S-4: There seems to be a man-made layout of channels and connections to conduct
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R.T.: S-4 SEES MOVEMENT IN THE ZIGZAG THING, SO SEE THINKS THAT ITS
WATER, AND A KIND OF LAYOUT OF CHANNELS AS THOUGH IT WAS A MAN -MADE
WATERMRKS WITH WATER RUNNING IN ZIGZAG CHANNELS. OVER.
H.P. THAT IS PRECISELY CORRECT. IT IS A ZIGZAG MANMADE WATER CHANNEL WITH
CONCRETE SIDES. OVER.
The above is an excerpt from an early experiment, and is typical, rather
a sample of exceptionally good quality. That experiment continued with four
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more site descriptions, three of which were of equal quality.
One experiment of this nature has been carried out with Subject 1,
one with Subject 2, two with Subject 3, and five with Subject 4. A number
of descriptions were essentially free of error and with no feedbac1 other than
verification following the remote viewer's description.
A complete analysis is to be carried out on these transcrip
more experimentation. To date it appears that the viewing is weak in the
following areas: (a) perspective and dimension are often distorted (an
eight foot tower is taken to be 50 feet tall, a 20 foot separation between
buildings may appear to be 100 feet, etc.) and, (b) written material
generally cannot be read.
(d) Local. Targets with Azimuth Bearing
In two remote viewing experiments, the second of which was
clearly correct from a descriptive standpoint, an effort was made to determine
whether in driving the subject around the area it would be possible to determine
the location of the target team by triangulation with a bearing compass. The
triangulation lines were essentially uncorrelated with each other and with
the target location, and therefore provided a V11 result.
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B. Basic Research
In addition to the testing of individuals under conditions which
yield data indicating the feasibility of the application of paranormal
abilities to operational needs, fifty percent of the effort is devoted
1. Identification of measurable characteristics possessed by
gifted individuals (20%);
2. Identification of neurophysiological correlates which relate
to paranormal activities (20%);
3. Identification of the nature of paranormal phenomena and energy
(10%) .
To meet these objectives four specific requirements must be ful-
filled during the course of experimentation: 1) establish.,--a,and apply criteria
to differentiate between those for whom paranormal ability is considered
to be functional and those for whom it is not; 2) obtain sufficient medical
and psychological data to establish baseline profiles against which
(a) one individual may be compared with another, and (b) an individual
may be compared to himself at different times to determine whether para-
normal functioning occurs in an altered neurophysiological state, 3) specific
validation experiments must be conducted with sufficient control to ensure
that all conventional communication paths are blocked, and with outcomes
sufficiently unambiguous to determine whether paranormal functioning
) obtain neurophysicological data during experimentation to
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ASS! F AT'!CN
1. Criteria for the Determination of Gifted Individuals
One of the key issues in the program is the establishment of
determine those correlates, if any, which relate to paranormal activity.
In the following paragraphs, each of these items is considered in turn
and the progress to date reported. The milestone chart for the basic re
search program is shown in Table 1. The work is progressing in accordance
with the schedule prepared for this program, and the remaining time and
}
funds are sufficient to meet all program objectives.
criteria capable of differentiating individuals apparently gifted in
paranormal functioning from those who are not.
Three experimental paradigms were chosen to act as screening
tests on the basis that these tests had been useful for such purposes
prior to this program ( in the sense that certain apparently gifted
individuals did exceedingly well on at least one of the tests, whereas
the results of unselected volunteers did not differ significantly from
chance expectation). The tests are (a) remote viewing of natural targets,
(b) reproduction of simple line drawings hidden from the subject but viewed
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by an experimenter, and (c) determination of the state of a four-state elec-
tronic random stimulus generator.
The first test constitutes a so-called "free-response" paradigm
in which the subject originates freely about contents of his awareness;
furthermore, the channel in general may involve both direct perception
of the remote site and perception of the mental contents of an observer
LASS~ THIN
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at the site. The second test is more constrained than the first in that
the target information is more analytical or abstract, being associated
with a graphical representation of an item of interest rather than the
item itself. The third test is the mostiiconstrained in that the target
is blind to all participants in the experiment and.the subject's choice
is precisely constrained. The details of these tests are given below.
For the purpose of screening the criteria as to what constitutes
a paranormal result was chosen arbitrarily, viz:
For the purpose of screening a result is to
be considered paranormal if, the a priori
probability for the occurrence of the result
by chance, under the null hypothesis, is
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