NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958 VOLUME IV

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP04T00184R000400040001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 63
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 21, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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CIA History
Staff and DD/S&T
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958
VOLUME IV
by
Secret
NPIC 3
December 1974
Copy 1 of 2
PERMANENT HISTORICAL DOCUMENT
DO NOT DESTROY
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Access ControZZed by CIA History Staff. and DD/S&T
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958
VOLUME IV
by
Copies:
#1 - CIA-HS
#2 - DD/S&T
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Volume I
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. The First Looks Behind the Iron Curtain. . . . . 1
A. The Anatomy of HTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Office of the Chief . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Special Projects Branch. . . . . . . . . 4
3. Industrial and Geographic Branches . . . 6
4. Technical Intelligence Branch. . . . 8
5. Support Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Administrative Staff ... . . . . . . . . 12
7. Statistical Branch, OCR. . . . . . . . . 12
8. Military Liaison Components. . . . . . . 14
9. Central Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
B. The First Eight Missions Dominate Events of
July and August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. The Eight Missions and Their Objectives. 20
2. Immediate Exploitation of the First
Eight Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3. Detailed Exploitation During July
and August 1956 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4. Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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Page
5. Support Activities . . . . . . . .
29
6. OCR Statistical Branch Charges
Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
7,
Task Force: Headquarters
Outpost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
8. Return from Europe . . . . . . . . . .
35
II.
The-Middle East Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. U-2s Assume a Tactical Role. . . . . . . .
45
B. HTA and the PARAMOUNT Committee. . . . . .
47
C. Functioning of the PARAMOUNT Committee . .
54
E. HTA Continues Work on the First Eight
Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58
F. A Stirring Giant . . . . . . . . . .
60
G. PI Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67.
H. Looking Back ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
III.
Back on Course . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A.
. . . . . . . . . . .
74
B. Organizational Incongruity . . . . . . . .
75
C. Briefing-Aid Books . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
D. Soviet Long-Range Airfields. . . . . . . .
80
E. Mozhaysk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
F. Testing. . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . .
100
G.' Signs of Drought . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
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Page
IV. Reorganization and Renewal . . . . . . . . . . 109
A. Training and Orientation . . . . . . . . 110
B. Training and Orientation Offered by HTA. 121
C. New Tools for Eager Hands. . . . . . . . . 122
D. Familiar Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
E. Reorganization and Reassignment. . . . . . 148
V. On to Greater Accomplishments. . . . . . . . . 159
A. First Aerial Coverage of Russian
Scientific and Technical Installations. . 159
B. Rejuvenation and Resumption of
Discoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
1. Changing Faces and Responsibilities. . 163
2. New Discoveries Dominate Work at HTA . 166
C. Other Mouths to Feed . . . . . . . . . . . 171
D. New Administrative Procedures. . . . . . . 178
E. Specter of a Job Freeze. . . . . . . . . . 182
Volume II
VI. JAM SESSION Steals the Show. . . . . . . . . . 184
A. Establishment of JAM SESSION . . . . . . . 184
C. GMIC Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
1. The Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and
Test Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
2. The Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center
and Test Range. . . . . . . . . . . . 217
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3. Good-Bye to GMIC Consultants . . . . . 240
D. Show and Tell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
E. Other PI Exploitation and Reporting. . . . 251
F. Making Equipment Function Better and
Getting Better Equipment. . . . . . . . . 258
G. The HTAUTOMAT Organization Reacts to JAM
SESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
VII. Winds of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Not by JAM SESSION Alone . . . . . . . . . 320
E. How to Proceed With the Publication
of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
F. Carpenters, Plumbers, and New Equipment. 334
G. People and Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . 340
VIII. HTAUTOMAT Becomes the Photographic
Intelligence Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
A. The Last Months of JAM SESSION . . . . . . 355
1. COMINT Comes to MSB. . . . . . . ... . 356
2. A Bear by the Tail . . . . . . . . . . 357
3. The Show Goes On . . . . . . . . . . . 366
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4. A General on His Knees and PI Keys
376
5. Two Soviet Heavy Water Plants. . . . .
386
6. Uranium Mining and Milling Sites . . .
390
B. Keeping Busy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
418
C. Operating Procedures for HTA -- and PIC. .
D. Automated Mensuration -- With Bugs .
427
F. A Center at Last . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendices
449
A. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
457
B. Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
477
C. Source References. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
482
Volume IV
Figures, No. 1 through No. 39
Volume V
Figures, No. 40 through No. 86
Volume VI
Figures, No. 87 through No. 129
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Figure 1. Steuart Building ........................................... 2
Figure 2. The U-2: Reconnaissance Aircraft Supreme .................. 4
Figure 3. HTAUTOMAT: Organization and Key Personnel, July 1956...... 6
Figure 4. 8
Figure 5. Central Building .......................................... 10
Figure 6. Range of U-2 aircraft from operational bases ............... 12
Figure 7. Tracks of the first eight U-2 operational missions ......... 14
Figure 8. MM 50 Surveying Camera ................... ................. 16
Figure 9. Orsha Airfield and probable special weapons storage area,
14 July 1956 ............................................. 18
Figure 10. Stryy Airfield and special weapons storage and loading
installation, 10 July 1956 ............................... 20
Figure 11. Mozhaysk Installation, 5 July 1956 .......................... 22
Figure 12. Domed Structure, Mozhaysk Installation ..................... '24
Figure 13. Artist's concept of the domed structure and its incomplete
counterpart (Unit 1) ..................................... 26
Figure 14. Oblique ?view and metrical analysis of the counterpart
of the completed dome .................................... 28
Figure 15. Composite layout of Units 4, 5, and 6 .......... ........... 30
Figure 16. P2V-7: Disappointment in Night Photo Reconnaissance....... 32
Figure 17. Comparator obtained from Photogrammetry, Inc . ............. 34
Figure 18. Mensuration teams in the Technical Intelligence
Services Branch, c. late 1957..... ..................... 36
Figure 19. The Reed Transforming Printer .............................. 38
Figure 20. The Reed Rectifier ......................................... 40
Figure 21. Modified Binocular Microscope .............................. 42
Figure 22. Using the Heath Prisms, ........................ o ...... o .... 44
Figure 23. "Twin Eyes," 10 July 1956 .................................. 46
Figure 24. Karangit Installation, 10 July 1956 ...................... 48
Figure 25. HTA Organizational Realignment, July 1957 .................. 50
Figure 26. U-2 bases and reference points for important targets
covered during the summer and fall of 1957 ............... 52
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Page
Figure 39. Location and general geographical relationships
of the Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and
associated missile test range ............................ 78
Figure 40. Chief components of the Tyura Tam Missile
Test Center, August 1957 ................................. 80
Figure 41. Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 82
Figure 42. Details and dimensions of the launching platform
and associated pit, Launch Area A, Tyura Tam
Missile Test Center, August 1957 ......................... 84
Figure 43. Range head facilities, Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center, August 1957 ...................................... 86
Figure 44. Details of launch support facilities,
Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 88
Figure 45. Support Base, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 90
Figure 46. Communications Area B, Tyura Tam Missile
Test Center, August 1957 ................................. 92
Figure 47. Rhombic and fishbone antenna arrays and the
orientation and dimensions of those in
Communications Area B, Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center, August 1957 ...................................... 94
Figure 48. Probable propellant production plant under
construction, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center,
August 1957 .............................................. 96
Figure 49. Probable primary direction of fire from
Launch Area A, Tyura Tam Missile Test Center ............. 98
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page
Figure 50. Probable terminal range instrumentation in the
Kamchatka Peninsula for the Tyura Tam Missile
Test Range, June and September 1957 ...................... 100
Figure 51. Communications Center under construction in
September 1957, near Kluychi on the Kamchatka
Peninsula ................................................ 102
Figure 52. Layout of range head facilities with respect to
each other and to the settlements of Kapustin
Yar and Vladimirovka, September 1957.6 ................... 104
Figure 53. Zones 4, 5, and 6, Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, September 1957 ................................... 106
Figure 54. Layout of facilities, Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 108
Figure 55. Trailer-mounted Soviet MRBM associated by
JAM SESSION consultants with firings from
Zone 7, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ................. 110
Figure 56. Tank-mounted short-range Soviet ballistic
missile associated by JAM SESSION consultants
with firings from the smaller pads at Zone 7,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ......................... 112
Figure 57. Zones 7 and 8, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, as
they appeared on photography of 10 September 1957 ........ 114
Figure 58. Photograph of Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 116
Figure 59. Layout of facilities, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center .............................................. 118
Figure 60. Launch Area South, Zone 9, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957 .............................. 120
Figure 61. Photograph of launch complex, Zone 10, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 122
Figure 62. Perspective view of launch complex, Zone 10,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 ......... 124
Figure 63. Zone 11, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 126
Figure 64. Zone 12, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 128
Figure 65. Vladimirovka Airfield Complex, Kapustin Yar Missile
Test Center, September 1957 .............................. 130
Figure 66. Cruise-missile test complex, Zone 15, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 132
Figure 67. Airborne-missile assembly and loading complex,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 ......... 134
Figure 68. Layout and dimensions of structures, airborne-
missile assembly and loading complex,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 ......... 136
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page
Figure 69. Surface-to-air missile test complex, Zone 1, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 138
Figure 70. Surface-to-air missile test range guidance and
instrumentation facilities, Zone 2, Kapustin
Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 .................. 140
Figure 71. Surface-to-air missiles photographed in the Moscow
parade and believed to be the type tested at
the surface-to-air missile test facility,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center ......................... 142
Figure 72. Forward instrumentation, Zone 7, Kapustin Yar
Missile Test Center, September 1957 ...................... 144
Figure 73. Guidance and forward instrumentation, Zone 9,
Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center, September 1957 ......... 146
Figure 74. L-shaped instrument patterns associated with
Zone 10, Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center,
September 1957 ........................................... 148
Figure 75. The ALWAC III-E Computer ................................... 150
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Page
Figure 98. Location of Vozrozhdeniya Island, USSR... ..................
Figure 99. Vozrozhdeniya Island and facilities, August 1957........... 198
Vozrozhdeniya Island, August 1957 ........................ 208
Figure 105. Supply Base at Aralsk for operations on
Vozrozhdeniya Island, August 1957 ........................ 210
Figure 106. Prepared Table of Organization, 7 March 1958 ............... 212
Figure 107. Overall view of the Chirchik Electrochemical
Combine, August 1957 ..................................... 214
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LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
Figure 110.
The Kadshi-Say mining and milling complex,
August 1957 .............................................
220
Figure 112.
Figure 113.
Location of the mining and milling sites at
Taboshar, Ispisar, and Mayly-Say with respect
to each other and to population centers in the
Fergana Valley of the USSR ..............................
The Mavly-Sav mining and milline complex- August 1957.....
224
226
Figure 115.
Taboshar mining and milling complex, August 1957 ..........
230
Figure 120.
Figure 121.
Pyatigorsk mining and milling complex, Sept em er 1957 .....
Geologic structures in the vicinity of Pyatigorsk.........
240
242
Figure 126.
Bukhovo mining and milling complex, December 957 .........
25
Figure 129.
The Nistri TA-3 Stereocomparator ..........................
258
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Steuart Building. This photograph was taken from the south-
west corner of sixth and K Streets, Northwest, nearly seven
years after the removal of NPIC to Entrance
to HTA work areas on the four upper floors was at 1014 fifth
Street.
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FIGURE 2
The U-2: Reconnaissance aircraft supreme.
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L -.
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FIGURE 3
HTAUTOMAT: Organization and Key Personnel, July 1956.
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Iq
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Denied
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Central Building. Central Branch of D/GP occupied space on
the second floor at the west end (right hand side on photo)
of this building, including the wing in the foreground.
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Range of U-2 Aircraft from operational bases in Europe and
the Near East.
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Tracks of the first eight U-2 operational missions.
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MM 50 Surveying Camera.
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FIGURE 9
Orsha Airfield and possible special weapons storage area,
4 July 1956.
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Stryy Airfield and special weapons storage and loading
installation, 10 July 1956.
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I l
1. REYETTED PARKING APRON 42 X 42 FEET.
2. WOODEN FENCE WITH GUARD TONERS AT THE CORNERS AND AT INTERVALS ALONG
TIC LONGER SIDES. FENCE. 4300 X 1500 FEET, ENCLOSES AN AREA OF 148
ACRES.
3. POSSIBLE WIRE FENCE.
4. MAIN ROAD WITHIN INSTALLATION 21 FEET WIDE.
5. PROBABLE EARTH-COVERED BUILDING 21 X 32 FEET.
6. INNER FENCED AREA 570 X 815 FEET. THREE SMALL BUILDINGS ARE
LOCATED ADJACENT TO FENCE.
7. H-SHAPED DRIVE-THROLGH BUILDING WITH 42 X 54 FOOT WINGS AND 32 X
58 FOOT CENTER SECTION. A LARGE EARTH REVETMENT IS LOCATED ALONGSIDE
THE BUILDING ON THE SIDE NEAREST THE AIRFIELD. THIS BUILDING COULD
POSSIBLY BE USED AS AN ASSEMBLY BUILDING FOR COMPONENTS OF A NUCLEAR
BOMB OR A MISSILE.
8. EARTH-COVERED, FLAT-TOPPED, PYRAMIDAL-SHAPED BUNKER 117 X 128 FEET.
A 10 FOOT ACCESS ROAD LEADS TO SMALL ENTRANCES ON EITHER SIDE OF THE
BUNER. THIS BILKER COULD POSSIBLY BE USED FOR STORAGE OF NUCLEAR
COPONENTS OF A NUCLEAR BOMB OR FOR THE WARHEAD OF A MISSILE.
9. REYETTED BUILDING 21 X 23 FEET.
10. MOUND 21 X 21 FEET. (POSSIBLE EARTH COVERED BUILDING.
11. REVETTED BUILDING 43 X 120 FEET. WITH ACCESS ROADS ENTERING
REVETMENT AT BOTH ENDS. ON ONE END OF REVETKNT IS A PARKING APRON
53 X'75 FEET. ON THE OTHER END IS AN ASSOCIATED SMALL BUILDING,
21 X 42 FEET.
12. CIRCULAR TO+ER WITH CYLINDRICAL TOP.
13. PROBABLE GUARD HOUSE AT ROAD GATE.
11. BLAST WALL.
15. LOADING RAMP 60 X 160 FEET;RAMP NARROWS TO 55 FEET AT REAR:WITH
LOADING PIT 10 X 60 FEET.
16. LOADING RAMPS 62 X 120 FEET(RAWS NARROW TO 50 FEET AT REAR WITH
LOADING PITS 10 X 60 FEET;
17. SERVICING APRON 220 X 490 FEET.
15. LARGE LOADING RAMP 140 X 330 FEET WITH LOADING PIT 10 X 70`FEET.
LOADING PIT WIDENS SLIGHTLY NEAR CENTER.
19. TAXIWAY GATE. A TAXIWAY, 70 FEET WIDE, EXTENDING FROM THE RUNWAY
ENTERS THROUGH THIS GATE.
20. PROBABLE GATE CONTROL HOUSE.
21. BUILDING 30 X 55 FEET.
22. ROAD 10 FEET WIDE.
23. BUILDING 30 X 30 FEET.
24. BUILDING 32 0 42 FEET.
25. BUILDING 21 X 53 FEET; PARKING APRON IN FRONT OF BUILDING KASLRES
42 X 53 FEET.
BUILDING 42 X 88 FEET WITH 28 FOOT PARKING APRON. L-SHAPED STRUCTURE
WITH WINGS KASIR ING 23 X 42 FEET AND 23 X 53 FEET PROJECTS FROM REAR
OF BUILDING.
NOTE I ALL KASUREKNTS ARE APPROXIMATE.
KASUEKNTS SOMEWHAT LESS RELIABLE THAN THE REST DUE TO POOR IMAGE
AT THESE POINTS.
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Mozhaysk Installation, 5 July 1956. Numbers on the
photograph refer to components detailed on Figure 12
through 15.
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Domed Structure (Unit 2), Mozha sk_Installation. This per-
spective drawing was done by who later became
the first chief of the HTA graphics shop.
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Overhead concept of the domed structure and its incomplete
counterpart (Unit 1). These views were the work of the late
the most accomplished of HTA illustrators.
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FIGURE 14
Oblique view and metrical analysis of Unit 1. Coverage such
as this, achieved during construction, is invaluable in re-
vealing internal details that cannot be seen on later aerial
photography.
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Composite layout of Units 4, 5, and 6. It was believed that
these were to be storage facilities. Note the massive con-
struction and burial underground. Upper panel is a sketch
of Unit 6, which appeared complete at the time of photography.
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P2V-7: Disappointment in Night Photo Reconnaissance. The
night photographic configuration differed from the one in
these photos in that the wing pods contained the lights and
a propeller-driven generator and there was no large radome
under the forward part of the fuselage.
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Photogrammetry, Incorporated, Comparator. Much of the en-
gineering work on this piece of equipment was done by
of HTA and successor organizations, when he was em-
ployed by the Silver Spring, Md., firm that designed and
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Reed Transforming Printer. When this machine was used in the
first step for rectifying high oblique photographs, the image
was projected onto negative film which was then loaded into
the Reed Rectifier for printing.
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Reed Rectifier. This autofocusing equipment was used in the
final step in the process of rectifying high oblique photo-
graphs.
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Modified Binocular Microscpnp- At note the cardboard-
mounted prisms produced by The flap at the
left was provided to permit adjustment so as to bring both
images into conjunction. The metal-mounted prisms below the
mount are believed to have been produced in the OCR
Machine Division. These mounted in the instrument itself
are probably the ones subsequently produced commercially.
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FIGURE 23
"Twin Eyes", 10 July 1956. The two probable launching pads
were in Area A, the probable storage or assembly facilities
in Area B, and the probable electronics site was designated
Area C.
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PROBABLE MISSILE LAUNCHING INSTALLATION PLATE 2
AREA A
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Karangit Installation, 10 July 1956. The newly established
HTA graphics shop was committed to the proposition that PI
reports should contain few, if any, graphics. Rather, it
was held, analysis of the form, shape, and configuration of
objects and facilities as well as the layout of installation
should-be done by illustrators and the results presented in
the form of line drawings and three-dimensional drawings.
The Photographic Intelligence Memorandum issued in Septem-
ber 1957 which reported on the Karangit installation had the
distinction of being the first detailed HTA publication that
included no photography. This unusual circumstance resulted
from the fact that interpretation of the Photography and
preparation of the report were done by I a 25X1
PI who had just been named deputy chief of the new graphics
shop.
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HTA Organizational Realignment, July 1957. The dashed line
between the box for the Operation Support Branch (previously
the Special Projects Branch) and that for the Technical In-
telligence Services Branch is meant to imply the custodial
relationship that was developing as TISB prepared to ingest
the remains of SPB. Though the Geographic Branch displayed
incipient tendencies to acquire the name Geographic-Indus-
trial Branch, the old name prevailed until the next reorgani-
zation. Not so with the former Industrial Branch, which had
all but shed its previous unglamorous industrial responsi-
bilities. Even before the realignment was announced,
its chief, who knew the importance of a name, con-
sistently referred to the component as the Military-Scienti-
fic Branch, a name that was quickly picked up and used by
others on HTA.
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Ij
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Location and general geographical relationships of the
Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and associated ballistic
missile test range.
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