USDA ESTIMATES OF THE COST OF RAISING A CHILD

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 61
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2008
• Sequence Number: 32
• Publication Date: October 1, 1981
• Content Type: REPORT

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United States
Department of
Agriculture
Agricultural
Research
Service
Miscellaneous
Publication
Number 1411
USDA Estimates of the
Cost of Raising a Child:
A Guide to Their Use
and Interpretation
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Edwards, Carolyn S. 1981. USDA estimates of the cost of raising
a child: A guide to their use and interpretation. U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 1411, 57 pp.
This guide describes the USDA estimates of the cost of raising
a child, provides the estimates updated to June 1980 price
levels, and answers the most frequently asked questions about
their use and interpretation. Adjustments to make the estimates
more applicable to specific situations are described. Informa-
tion on additional materials of interest to users of the
estimates is also described and referenced.
KEYWORDS: Child cost estimates, standard budgets.
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Available estimates............ ............................ 2
The cost of raising urban children ...................... 2
The cost of raising rural nonfarm children .............. 4
Regional differences .................................... 4
The cost of raising farm children ....................... 4
Urbanization differences ................................ 7
Use and interpretation .................................... 9
Cost levels ............................................. 10
Region and urbanization ................................. 12
Metropolitan location ................................... 13
Price level adjustments ................................. 15
Budget items ............................................ 22
Other direct costs ...................................... 25
Family size ............................................. 25
Families facing change .................................. 27
Other issues related to the cost of raising a child....... 31
USDA budgets for food and clothing ...................... 31
Indirect costs .......................................... 31
The changing American family ............................ 32
Cost of having a baby ................................... 32
Child care costs ........................................ 33
Higher education ........................................ 35
Bureau of Labor Statistics urban family budgets......... 35
References ................................................ 38
Appendix .................................................. 46
Table 8.--Annual cost of raising an urban child from
birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels
in 4 regions (June 1980 price levels)
South ................................................. 46
West .................................................. 47
Northeast ............................................. 48
North Central ......................................... 49
Table 9.--Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child
from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels
in 4 regions (June 1980 price levels)
South ................................................. 50
West .................................................. 51
Northeast .............. . . .. . .... . . . ..... .. . . . . . .. . . . .. 5 2
North Central ......................................... 53
Table 10.--Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls
from birth to age 18 by age at 4 cost
levels (June 1980 price levels)
Boys .................................................. 54
Girls, ...... o ... oo.ooooeooooo*loooooooessoooooooooooes 56
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USDA ESTIMATES OF THE COST OF RAISING A CHILD:
A GUIDE TO THEIR USE AND INTERPRETATION 1
by Carolyn S. Edwards 2
The Family Economics Research Group of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) has developed estimates of the cost of
raising a child (1-8).3 Originally intended for use in
providing budgetary guidance to individual families, these
estimates have also been adopted for use in a variety of legal,
social welfare, educational, and research situations (9-19).
For example, judges, attorneys, and expert witnesses have used
the estimates as guidelines in setting support payments for
children in divorce cases and in appraising damages arising
from personal injury, wrongful death, and malpractice claims.
Educators, financial advisers, and other professionals who work
with families, or who train those who will, have included the
child cost estimates in their resource materials. Researchers
have used the estimates in analyses of foster child needs,
fertility behavior, and other demographic and population topics.
In addition, the estimates have been quoted widely in newspapers
and popular publications.
This five-part guide starts with a description of what estimates
are available and short profiles of the cost of raising urban,
rural nonfarm, and farm children. The next section provides
important definitions and addresses the most frequently asked
questions on the use and interpretation-of the estimates.
Adjustments to make the estimates more applicable to specific
situations and the limitations associated with the use of these
adjustments are described. The third section describes resource
materials on additional issues related to the cost of raising
a child. The references are organized so that they correspond
to the topics covered in the guide. Finally, the appendix
includes the estimates, updated to June 1980 price levels.
Material in this guide includes (but is not limited to)
information from "Users' Guide to USDA Estimates of the Cost of
Raising a Child," parts 1 and 2, Family Economics Review,
summer 1979 and winter 1981.
2Economist, Family Economics Research Group, Agricultural
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hyattsville,
Md. 20782.
3Underlined numbers in parentheses indicate References at the
end of this guide.
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AVAILABLE ESTIMATES
The USDA estimates of the cost of raising a child reflect
average annual and total expenditures by families for children
from birth to age 18 at several cost levels. Expenditures for
individual children of a given age or the child's share of
family expenditures is included for the following eight items
in the budget: Food at home, food away from home, clothing,
housing, medical care, education, transportation, and other.
The estimates have been developed as a result of two separate
but related research studies.
The first of these studies (5-8) was based on data from the
1960-61 Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES), a cooperative project
of the USDA and the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS). The estimates from this study reflect
expenditure patterns of families with husband and wife present
and with no more than five children. The costs were developed
separately for families living in the South, West, Northeast,
and North Central regions of the country and for those living in
urban, rural nonfarm, and farm settings. This first study
developed estimates at three cost levels--economy, low, and
moderate. Tables 8 and 9 (appendix) show cost estimates for
raising urban and rural nonfarm children, respectively, in each
of the four regions at three cost levels, adjusted to June 1980
price levels.
The second study (3), based on data from the USDA's 1973 Farm
Family Living Expenditure Survey (FFLES) and on procedures
modified from the first study, provides new estimates of the
cost of raising farm children. These newer costs replace the
farm child estimates from the first study. Unlike the earlier
estimates, they are not limited to families of a particular
type or size, nor are they specific to region in the country.
The newer farm child estimates provide costs by sex as well as
age of the child at four cost levels--thrifty (similar to the
economy level), low, moderate, and liberal. These estimates,
also adjusted to June 1980 price levels, are shown in table 10
(appendix).
The Cost of Raising The total cost of raising an urban child (table 8) from birth to
Urban Children age 18 in constant June 1980 dollars ranges from about $33,100
to $37,900 at the economy level, $43,400 to $52,200 at the low
level, and $69,200 to $76,700 at the moderate level depending on
the region in the country. Figure 1 shows this total cost
progression for the four regions.
Estimated annual costs rise with the age of the child. For
urban children they range from about $1,570 to $2,485 at the
economy level, $2,085 to $3,450 at the low level, and $3,255 to
$5,210 at the moderate level depending on the age and the
region. For example, figure 2 shows how costs increase with age
for children in the Northeastern region.
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Total cost of raising an urban child at 3 cost levels
in 4 regions (June 1980 price levels)
$ Thousand
Annual cost of raising an urban child by age at 3 cost levels
in the Northeast, region (June 1980 price levels)
$ Thousand
Lo--~
5 10
Age (years)
Figure 2
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Housing takes the greatest share of the child rearing dollar,
followed by food at home and transportation. Estimated costs
for education and food away from home represent the smallest
proportion of the cost of raising urban children. The propor-
tions vary by cost level as indicated in.figure 3 for an urban
child in the North Central region.
The Cost of Raising The total cost of raising a rural nonfarm child (table 9) from
Rural Nonfarm birth to age 18 in constant June 1980 dollars ranges from about
Children $29,700 to $39,500 at the economy level, $43,400 to $55,600 at
the low level, and $64,600 to $79,900 at the moderate level
depending on the region in the country.
Annual costs for rural nonfarm children range from about $1,390
to $2,610 at the economy level, $2,050 to $3,700 at the low
level, and $2,940 to $5,440 at the moderate level depending on
the age and the region.
Figure 4 shows the rise in costs over the 18 years by budget
item for a rural nonfarm child in the North Central region
living in a family spending at the moderate cost level.
Regional Differences The cost estimates for urban and rural nonfarm children are
available by region and therefore allow regional comparisons.
There are considerable differences among the regions in the
absolute level of the child cost estimates but no consistent
pattern in these differences. Regional differences are greatest
for the rural nonfarm child. For this child, the highest
estimates for the West exceed the lowest for the North Central
region by almost 30 percent. The distribution of costs among
the budget items, on the other hand, shows few regional
differences. Most noteworthy is that food at home tends to take
a high proportion and transportation a low proportion of total
costs in the Northeast.
The Cost of Raising
Farm Children
The total cost of raising a farm child (table 10) from birth to
age 18 in constant June 1980 dollars is estimated at about
$36,500 at the thrifty4 level, $52,400 at the low level, $79,800
at the moderate level, and $120,500 at the liberal level.
Figure 5 shows this progression by cost level for farm boys.
The annual costs rise with the age of the child as shown in
figure 6. No substantial difference in costs by sex shows
up until later years when costs for boys are higher--primarily
because of higher transportation costs for teenage boys.
'Similar to the economy level of the urban and rural nonfarm
estimates.
Annual costs for farm boys range from about $1,650 to
$2,730 at
the thrifty level, $2,320 to $3,830 at the low level,
$3,330 to
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Total cost of raising an urban child by budget item
at 3 cost levels in the North Central region
(June 1980 price levels)
Other 8%
Transportation 16%
Education 1% -
z 2\
Food away from home 2%
Clothing 7%
Education 1% -
Medical care 5%
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Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child by budget item
at the moderate cost level in the North Central region
(June 1980 price levels)
$ Thousand
(: ~. ~}-~ ~L Tim +,e
Foy
Age (years)
Figure 4
Total cost of raising a farm boy by budget item
at 4 cost levels (June 1980 price levels)
$ Thousand
Total cost
^ Thrifty
$ 37,271
Low
53,379
? Moderate
80,842
40 -
U Liberal
121,490
Food at Food away Clothing
home from home
Housing Medical Education Transpor-
care tation
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$5,790 at the moderate level, and $4,970 to $8,500 at the
liberal level depending on their age. Annual costs for girls
range from about $1,650 to $2,370 at the thrifty level, $2,320
to $3,360 at the low level, $3,380 to $5,210 at the moderate
level, and $5,080 to $7,790 at the liberal level depending on
their age.
The child's share of family housing is the most costly item in
the estimates as shown in figure 7. Food at home and transpor-
tation are generally second and third highest, followed by
education, medical care, and the other category. Estimates of
clothing and food away from home represent the smallest
proportions of the cost of raising a farm child.
The share of the expense of raising a farm child represented by
the different components of the budget differs by cost level.
At the lower cost levels, the proportions reflect the relative
importance of more necessary items; food and housing account for
more than two-thirds of the total costs, whereas education, in
which such optional expenditures as special lessons, private
schools, and extra books and supplies predominate, was estimated
as zero. At the higher levels, estimated costs for housing and
food at home, and, to a lesser degree, for medical care and
transportation, account for a smaller share of the total than
at the lower levels. At the liberal level, education and other
expenses become considerably more important.
Urbanization Differences Because the estimates for farm children reported here were
developed on different and more recent data using different
procedures than for the urban and rural nonfarm children, it is
not appropriate to compare these two groups. The more recent
farm child estimates replace the farm estimates developed in the
first study. A comparison among urban, rural nonfarm, and
farm child costs can be made from the earlier study (6). In
that study, little difference was found in these costs in the
South. Costs for the urban child were appreciably higher than
for the rural nonfarm and farm child in the North Central
region, but in the Northeast and West the rural nonfarm child
had the highest costs. In all regions, food and housing costs
of the urban child were generally higher than for a rural child
in the same region, whereas transportation costs were generally
lower. These findings, however, may be moderated by
differences in prices, quality, and availability of goods and
services between urban and rural locations.
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Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls
by age at the moderate cost level
(June 1980 price levels)
Boy
Girl
$3,464
$3,512
'~fC~, ~~ _.?;k~~.,r~~` $3,684
$4,561
$4,555
yki .:r .; \.r, ~?'~~?~ 7i':e :a Jje ~!'? .;y1 .:;N'r~ $4,830
$5,782
$5,213
Figure 6
Total cost of raising a farm girl by budget item at the
moderate cost level (June 1980 price levels)
Figure 7
8
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USE AND INTERPRETATIONS
The cost estimates of raising a child represent average
expenditures for a child of a given age or the child's
share of family expenditures for such items as housing and
transportation. The estimates are based on information from
families with children at those ages and take into account the
needs, expenditure patterns, and family characteristics related
to the age of the child. The estimates reflect actual expendi-
tures of these families; they are not based on lists of goods
and services judged necessary to attain a specified standard of
adequacy and are never priced in the market.
Although the estimates account for many factors related to
family expenditures for children, they cannot be interpreted
as precise costs for raising a child in a particular family.
Rather, they are general estimates of what families under
certain circumstances spent on their children. This must be
borne in mind when the estimates are applied to specific
,families. Although the adjustments described here provide for
additional specificity, the many factors that affect
expenditures cannot be reflected and actual expenditures will
most certainly deviate.
The estimates emphasize direct costs, or out-of-pocket
expenditures, and therefore do not represent the total costs of
raising a child. The data on which they are based reflected
what families actually spent to achieve or maintain inventories
in the time period studied. The CES and FFLES data did not
measure family consumption that might be attributed to stocks
of durables, past expenditures, income-in-kind, gifts, or the
value of community services. Similarly, no account was made
for the value of personal services performed by family members
or for earnings given up while raising children.
The CES and the FFLES cross-section data present a detailed
picture of the spending patterns of the population at one
point in time--the early 1960's for the urban and rural nonfarm
estimates and the early 1970's for the farm estimates. The
cost figures from birth to age 18 as presented in tables 8-10,
therefore, do not reflect the change in level and mix of goods
and services available to or consumed by one household as a
5The information in this section is general and applicable to
the estimates from both studies. Users should realize, however,
that although a similar overall approach was applied to both
data bases (4), changes in data collection, variable definition,
and estimation procedures were inevitable and, in some cases,
desirable. The estimates from the two studies are therefore not
directly comparable. Users needing more specific detail should
refer to the original papers (3, 6), available from the Family
Economics Research Group.
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result of changes in prices, income, or preferences experienced
as the child grows. Instead, the estimates represent the
experience and behavior of different families with children at
various ages and expenditure patterns prevalent at the time the
data were collected.
The levels of the estimates are based on spending patterns
associated with food consumption at the levels of the USDA food
plans. The use of the food plans as a benchmark for the cost
levels of the estimates requires two assumptions. First, it
assumes that groups of families who are spending at similar
cost levels on food are living at similar levels. Second, it
implies that families spend at similar levels on all items of
consumption--the family that spends at the moderate level for
food also spends at the moderate level for housing.
There are several advantages to developing the estimates at
levels of expenditure related to food costs as oppoosed to
levels of income. The method allows factors that influence
family spending on children to be taken into account,
including nutritional needs, family size, and family
composition. The resulting estimates may be adjusted for
changes in prices. In addition, the estimates may be used in
conjunction with the other USDA guidance materials--the food
plans and clothing budgets (20-29).
Selection of cost level.--Users of the estimates often ask
which cost level they should use and how these levels relate
to family income. Table 1 may be used to select the appropriate
cost level. It shows the food plan appropriate for families
based on their size and income. Users should note that table 1
was designed for selection of the appropriate food plan. It
therefore provides general guidance for selecting the appro-
priate level of the child cost estimates. Individual families
may want to consider other factors in addition to their size
and income.
The estimates were developed holding the cost level constant.
In other words, the estimates do not reflect changes in income
or level of living typically experienced by families as their
children age. This allows for cost comparisons, such as by
age of child, within and between the cost levels. Such
comparisons can be very important to some users since they
allow cost evaluations under varying circumstances. Consider-
ation can be made for changes over the life cycle by combining
figures at different cost levels. For example, it might be
assumed that a child was raised for several years at one cost
level and for other years at another depending on changes in
income, family size, or both.
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Economy and thrifty levels.--The lowest cost level of the urban
and rural nonfarm estimates (tables 8 and 9) is the economy
level, whereas the lowest level of the farm estimates (table 10)
is the thrifty level. This difference is related to changes in
the food plan levels (20, 22). Users of the child cost
estimates should consider the economy and thrifty cost levels
as equivalent.
Liberal cost level.--Users also note that the food plans include
a liberal cost level, whereas the urban and rural nonfarm child
estimates are only available at the economy, low, and moderate
cost levels. The farm child estimates are available at all
four cost levels--thrifty, low, moderate, and liberal. When
users need estimates of the cost of raising urban and rural
nonfarm children at the liberal level, they may adjust the
moderate cost totals by adding 30 percent. This is an approxi-
mation, derived by comparing the differences between the
moderate and liberal cost levels of the farm child estimates
and of the food plan costs. Because different items in the
budget do not increase with cost level at the same rate, users
should consider this adjustment as a general guideline and
increase only the annual and 18-year all-item totals, not the
individual budget item cost estimates or their totals.
Region and Urbanization The estimates for urban and rural nonfarm children developed
in the first study are specific to region and urbanization.
The four regions were those used by the U.S. Bureau of the
Census and include these States:
South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
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West
Arizona
California
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming
North Central
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Alaska and Hawaii were not represented. The District of
Columbia was included in the South. Estimates for a U.S.
average were not developed in the first study. If such an
indicator is necessary, use of the estimates for the North
Central region is most appropriate.
The definition of urbanization used in the CES data and
reflected in the estimates from the first study included urban,
rural nonfarm, and farm. Urban included incorporated places
with a population of 2,500 or more or the densely settled areas
immediately adjacent to cities with a population of 50,000 or
more. Rural nonfarm included those areas outside urban areas
but not classified as farm. To be a farm, a 10-acre parcel
needed sales of at least $50 per year; a parcel of less than
10 acres needed sales of at least $250. This definition of a
farm was also used for the FFLES and the farm estimates in the
more recent study.
Metropolitan Location Although the child cost estimates are specific to region and
urbanization, differences due to metropolitan location could
not be considered. Users often ask about adjustments that can
be made to incorporate such differences. The Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) publishes, as part of its Urban Family Budget
program, indexes of intercity costs (71, 74). These indexes,
which are based on the costs of the BLS family budgets at 3 cost
levels in 23 metropolitan areas in the continental United
States, use costs in the urban United States as a base (= 100).
These indexes, which have been recalculated (using published
and unpublished data) by employing urban costs in each region
as the base, are shown in table 2. They may be used to adjust
the estimates of the cost of raising a child to reflect cost
differences due to location in 1 of the 23 metropolitan areas
listed.
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TABLE 2.--Indexes of comparative costs in metropolitan locations and urban areas of
their respective regions, fall 1979
[Average urban cost for each region = 1001
Region, metropolitan location, Lower
Intermediate
Higher
and, area
South:
Atlanta,
Ga . ............................. 100
102
103
Baltimore, Md . ...........................
110
110
112
Dallas, Tex . .............................
100
99
100
Houston, Tex . ............................
104
103
103
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va . ................. 117
West:
120
121
Denver, Colo . ............................
94
102
102
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Anaheim, Calif.
101
99
102
San Diego, Calif . ........................
98
100
102
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif . ............
105
107
108
Seattle-Everett, Wash . ................... 105
Northeast:
103
100
Boston, Mass . ............................
106
108
108
Buffalo, N.Y . ............................
97
97
94
New York, N.Y.-northeastern N.J. .........
101
106
111
Philadelphia, Pa . ........................
100
95
92
Pittsburgh, Pa . ..........................
North Central:
97
88
85
Chicago, I11.-northwestern Ind. ..........
103
102
102
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind . ................
98
100
98
Cleveland, Ohio ..........................
100
103
102
Detroit, Mich . ........................... 100
103
104
Kansas City, Mo.-Kans . ...................
97
97
99
Milwaukee, Wis . ..........................
101
106
105
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis. .........
102
106
108
St. Louis, Mo.-Ill . ......................
99
99
99
Source: Derived from published (74) and unpublished cost estimates of the U.S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics' urban family budgets and population
weights used in the urban family budgets (71, p. 37).
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The three cost levels defined by the BLS are derived very
differently from the four cost levels defined by the USDA for
the child cost estimates and thus do not coincide. Generally,
however, the use of the BLS intermediate index is acceptable
to adjust the USDA moderate cost level, the higher index to
adjust the USDA liberal cost level, and the lower index to
adjust the USDA low cost level. There is no BLS index compa-
rable to the USDA economy or thrifty level; the best one can do
is apply the BLS lower cost index.
For example, a family living in the Washington, D.C., metro-
politan area at the moderate cost level would increase the USDA
moderate cost estimate of raising a child for the Southern
region by 20 percent to reflect its metropolitan location
within the region.
Users have also asked if it is appropriate to use the Consumer
Price Indexes (CPI's) specific to city population size classes
or metropolitan locations to adjust the child cost estimates
for a particular location. Although these indexes provide
information on relative changes in prices over time, they do
not provide an adjustment for the initial differential between
costs in the regions and costs in more specifically defined
locations. Users who have incorporated this difference by
adjusting the estimates for the metropolitan location with 1 of
the 23 indexes from table 2 could, however, appropriately use
the CPI for the corresponding metropolitan location to adjust
for changes in prices.
Price Level Adjustments Users may wish to make adjustments to the price levels so that
the estimates will suit their particular needs. The estimates
may be updated or backdated using the instructions and appro-
priate subindexes of the Consumer Price Index provided in
table 3. Each budget category should be adjusted individually
to reflect differential price level changes among budget items.
Constant and current dollars.--Before adjusting the price
levels, users should determine whether constant or current
dollar figures are more suitable to their needs. The estimates
in tables 8-10 are expressed in constant June 1980 dollars and
assume that the child progresses through 18 years at June 1980
price levels. For example, the 18-year total cost of raising a
child in the urban North Central region at the moderate cost level
is $25,229 in annual average 1960 dollars. That total is $32,830
in annual average 1970 dollars and $69,333 in annual average 1980
dollars. Constant dollar estimates are appropriate when
interest is with the present costs of raising children of
different ages or in making comparisons between years. They are
not appropriate for determining the total cost of raising one
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TABLE 3.--Annual average Consumer Price Index data for updating
[1967=1001
Child cost
Food at
Food
Medical
budget category
home
away from
home
Clothing
Housing
care
CPI
Food at
Food
Apparel
Medical
subindex1
home
away from
home
and makeup
Housing
care
1980.. ... ...... ..... 251.2
270.1
177.4
263.2
267.2
1980
(June) .............
247.7
269.9
176.0
266.9
265.9
1979
....................
232.5
244.4
166.4
227.5
240.1
1978
....................
209.9
218.3
159.5
202.6
219.4
1977
....................
190.2
200.3
154.2
189.6
202.4
1976
....................
179.5
186.1
147.6
177.2
184.7
1975
....................
175.8
174.3
142.3
166.8
168.6
1974
....................
162.4
159.4
136.2
150.6
150.5
1973
....................
141.4
141.4
126.8
135.0
137.7
1972
....................
121.6
131.1
122.3
129.2
132.5
1971
....................
116.4
126.1
119.8
124.3
128.4
1970
....................
113.7
119.9
116.1
118.9
120.6
1969
....................
108.2
111.6
111.5
110.8
113.4
1968
...................
103.2
105.2
105.4
104.2
106.1
1967
....................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1966
....................
100.3
95.1
96.1
97.2
93.4
1965
....................
95.5
90.9
93.7
94.9
89.5
1964
....................
93.2
88.9
92.7
93.8
87.3
1963
....................
92.2
87.3
91.9
92.7
85.6
1962
....................
91.0
85.4
90.9
91.7
83.6
1961
....................
90.4
83.2
90.4
90.9
81.4
1960
....................
89.6
81.4
89.6
90.2
79.1
1959
....................
88.8
79.3
88.2
88.6
76.4
1958
....................
91.0
77.2
87.5
87.7
73.2
1957
....................
87.2
74.9
87.3
86.2
69.8
1956
....................
84.4
72.2
85.8
83.6
67.2
1955
....................
84.1
70.8
84.1
82.3
64.8
1954
....................
85.8
70.1
84.5
81.7
63.4
1953
....................
86.2
68.9
84.6
80.8
61.4
'The revised Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers (CPI-W)
replaced the unrevised CPI; use the revised indexes as shown for adjusting estimates
to price levels prevalent in 1978 and forward; use the unrevised CPI as shown for
adjusting estimates to price levels from 1953 to 1977.
Note: To adjust the price levels of the estimates of the cost of raising a child
to specific year price levels, multiply the June 1980 estimates (tables 8, 9, and 10)
for each budget category by the index for that category for the desired year and divide
the product by the corresponding index for June 1980. For example, to update June 1980
costs for housing to annual average 1980 prices, multiply the June 1980 estimate for
housing by 263.2 and divide by 266.9. To backdate June 1980 costs for housing to 1968
prices, multiply the June 1980 estimate for housing by 104.2 and divide by 266.9.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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and backdating estimates of the cost of raising children
[1967 = 100]
Transpor-
Annual totals
Child cost
Education
tation
Other
of all budget
budget category
item categories
Personal
Personal care
and educational
Transpor-
and personal
All
CPI
expenses2
tation
and educational
items3
subindex'
expenses average
236.4
250.5
224.6
247.0
1980
229.8
250.6
220.8
247.8
(June)
1980
214.2
212.8
204.9
217.7
1979
198.2
185.8
190.1
195.3
1978
157.9
177.2
164.4
181.5
1977
151.2
165.5
155.8
170.5
1976
144.4
150.6
147.6
161.2
1975
133.8
137.7
135.6
147.7
1974
125.9
123.8
125.6
133.1
1973
122.8
119.9
121.3
125.3
1972
119.3
118.6
118.1
121.3
1971
113.4
112.7
113.3
116.3
1970
108.7
107.2
109.0
109.8
1969
104.7
103.2
104.5
104.2
1968
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1967
97.5
97.2
97.3
97.2
1966
95.9
95.9
95.6
94.5
1965
95.0
94.3
94.8
92.9
1964
92.8
93.0
93.1
91.7
1963
91.3
92.5
91.8
90.6
1962
89.3
90.6
90.0
89.6
1961
87.3
89.6
88.7
88.7
1960
85.3
89.6
87.0
87.3
1959
83.9
86.0
85.4
86.6
1958
80.7
83.3
82.4
84.3
1957
77.8
78.8
79.5
81.4
1956
76.7
77.4
77.3
80.2
1955
76.9
78.3
76.8
80.5
1954
77.7
79.5
77.0
80.1
1953
21n changing to the revised CPI to adjust the estimates of the cost of raising a
child, the "Personal and educational expenses" index replaced the "Reading and
recreation" index; the average of the "Personal care" and the "Personal and
educational expenses" indexes replaced the average of the "Personal care" and the
"Reading and recreation" indexes.
3Users who do not want to carry out all the individual budget items calculations and
who are interested only in the annual all budget item totals may use the "All items"
index without a great deal of distortion from the price adjusted totals that are
obtained by applying the individual subindexes and then summing over the adjusted
budget item costs.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
child; they are too high, for example, for the child who reaches
age 18 in June 1980 and too low for the child born at that time.
When concern is with past or future costs of raising an
individual child or a group of children born at a given time,
current dollar estimates should be used. Current dollar
estimates reflect not only changes in costs associated with the
growth of the child and family composition adjustments but also
price changes actually experienced over the 18 years of the
child's life. Users should, of course, also consider changes
in income that generally coincide with changes in prices when
interpreting current dollar estimates.
Table 4 shows current dollar estimates of the cost of raising
a child born in 1960 and in 1979 at the moderate cost level in
the urban North Central region. The current dollar estimate
for a child born in 1960 is $34,274 compared with the constant
annual average 1960 estimate of $25,229 or the constant June
1980 estimate of $69,232 (table 8). This current dollar estimate
was calculated by applying the 1960 indexes to the estimated
costs of the infancy year, the 1961 indexes to the age 1
estimates, and so on for the remaining years and adding to
arrive at the total.
Future costs.--If users are interested in projecting costs over
the life of a child, as in anticipating support costs to be
incurred for a particular child, they would want to consider
projections for future price changes. By assuming a rate of
future inflation, it is possible to adjust the cost estimates
forward and thus arrive at a projected cost to raise a child.
For example, the estimated annual cost of a 5-year-old in an
urban North Central region at the moderate level adjusted to
1979 price levels is $3,065. Assuming an annual rate of
inflation of 8 percent, the cost in 1984 for a 5-year-old born
in 1979 would become $4,503. To arrive at this figure, inflate
the estimated annual cost of raising a 5-year-old in 1979
dollars, assuming 8 percent annual inflation compounded over
5 years--the number of years until the child would reach age 5
in 1984. Thus, the projected cost for any given year of age
specific to prices assumed prevalent in a given year may be
represented by the following equation:
CRCF = CRCP (1 + i)n
where: CRCF = future or projected annual cost of
raising a child of a given age in
a given year
CRCP = present cost of raising a child of
that age in current dollars
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
i = assumed rate of inflation per time
interval
n = number of time intervals from present
to time child will reach that age
or: $4,503 = $3,065 (1.08)5. To arrive at a total for 18
years, apply the formula for each year. For example, assuming
an annual inflation rate of 8 percent6 over the first 18 years
of the child's life, the cost of raising the child born in
1979 in the urban North Central region at the moderate cost
level would be $134,414.7 Assuming an annual inflation rate of
10 percent would increase this 18-year total to $165,334; an
annual inflation rate of 12 percent would increase the total
to $204,051.
Alternative CPI's.--Users have asked if it would be more
appropriate to use the Consumer Price Indexes that are specific
to region to adjust the price levels of the region--specific
child cost estimates. Use of the regional CPI's would provide
more precise adjustment for movements in prices by region than
the indexes in table 3. Similarly, the CPI's that are specific
to metropolitan locations would provide a more precise price
adjustment to child cost estimates that had been adjusted to
corresponding metropolitan location cost differences as
described in the previous section. However, the metropolitan-
specific indexes are not available as a continuous series over
a long period of time, as are those in table 3, and thus do not
allow for adjustments over long time spans, such as the 18 years
of a child's life. Although recent changes in these indexes
will allow their use in the future, the U.S. city average CPI's
in table 3 are generally applicable to all the child cost
estimates and are more readily available. They provide a
continuous series covering a substantial time span and are thus
suggested as most appropriate.
Limitations of price level adjustments.--Users should be
reminded that price level adjustments only capture changes in
prices. To the extent that families have changed their
allocation of total resources, or have changed their allocation
of resources among family members or among components of child
6About the average increase in the Consumer Price index from
1974 through 1979.
7If annual all-item totals are all that are needed, these
calculations can be applied to the annual totals as in this
example. The item estimate breakdowns in table 4 were arrived
at by carrying out these calculations for each budget item
estimate and then summing. Except for a rounding error, either
method will yield the same totals.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
t N- t .O a\ 0 Q, t M N 0 Q, .D to L( 0 t M
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
on individuals of different age and sex, living in urban, rural
nonfarm, and farm families of average size. The BLS budgets
represent a precisely specified urban family of four: A husband
age 38, his unemployed wife, a girl of 8, and a boy of 13.
An equivalence scale accompanies the BLS budgets so that users
can estimate the budget costs for families of other sizes and
compositions (68).
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
USDA Estimates of the Cost of
Raising a Child
(1) Edwards, Carolyn S. 1979. Users' Guide to USDA Estimates
of the Cost of Raising a Child. Family Economics
Review, summer issue, pp. 3-15.
(2)
1981.
Users' Guide to USDA Estimates of the
Cost of
Review,
Raising
winter
a Child, Part 2. Family Economics
issue, pp. 19-32.
(3)
and Brucy Gray. 1978. The Cost of Raising Farm
Children. Paper presented at the Food and Agricultural
Conference, November 1978, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C.10 (Condensed in Family
Economics Review, winter 1979, pp. 3-11.)
(4) Madden, J. Patrick, Jean L. Pennock, and Carol M. Jaeger.
1968. Equivalent Levels of Living: A New Approach to
Scaling the Poverty Line to Different Family
Characteristics and Place of Residence. In Rural
Poverty in the United States, pp. 545-552. (A report
by the President's National Advisory Commission on
Rural Poverty.) U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C.
(5) Mork, Lucile F. 1966. Cost of Raising a Child. Paper
presented at the 44th Annual Agricultural Outlook
Conference, November 1966, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C.w
(6) Pennock, Jean L. 1970. Cost of Raising a Child. Paper
presented at the 47th Annual Agricultural Outlook
US. Department of
Conference, February 1970;.C:10
Agriculture, Washington, (7) 1970. Child-Rearing Costs at Two Levels of
Living, by Family Size. Family Economics Review,
December issue, pp. 16-17.
(8) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service, Consumer and Food Economics Institute. 1971.
Cost of Raising a Child--Derived From 1960-61 Survey
of Consumer Expenditures, Detail Tables. CFE(Adm.)-318.
Copies available from Family Economics Research Group,
Agricultural Research Service, Federal Building,
Hyattsville, Md. 20782.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
Examples of Uses of the USDA Estimates
of the Cost of Raising a Child
(9) Culley, James D., Barbara H. Settles, and Judith B.
Van Name. 1977. Understanding and Measuring the Cost
of Foster Family Care. Bureau of Economic and Business
Research, University of Delaware, Newark. [Summarized
as: How to Measure the Cost of Foster Family Care, U.S.
Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of
Human Development Services, DHEW Pub. No. (OHDS)77-
30126.1
(10) Douthitt, Robin. 1977. Cost of Raising a Child. Consumer
Close-ups, November-December issue. N.Y. State
Cooperative Extension.
(11) Eden, Phillip. 1977. Estimating Child and Spousal Support:
Economic Guidelines for Judges and Attorneys. Western
Book Journal Press, San Mateo, Calif.
(12) Espenshade, Thomas J. 1977. The Value and Cost of Children.
Population Bulletin, vol. 32, No. 1. Population Reference
Bureau, Inc., Washington, D.C.
(13)
1980. Raising a Child Can Now Cost $85,000.
Intercom 8(9): 1, 10-12. Population Reference Bureau,
Inc., Washington, D.C.
(14) Hyatt, James C. 1980. Costs of Being a Parent Keep Going
Higher. The Wall Street Journal, Oct. 2, 1980, p. 33.
(15) Lindert, Peter. 1978. Fertility and Scarcity in America.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
(16) Reed, Ritchie, and Susan McIntosh. 1972. Cost of Children.
In Elliot R. Morss and Ritchie H. Reed, editors, Economic
Aspects of Population Change, vol. III, pp. 333-350. U.S.
Commission on Population Growth and the American Future,
Washington, D.C.
(17) Spanier, Graham B. 1980. Outsiders Looking In. The Wilson
Quarterly 4(3): 122-135.
(18) Swift, Pamela. 1980. The Cost of Children. Parade, Dec. 21,
1980, p. 16. "Keeping up With Youth." Parade Publications,
Inc., New York., N.Y.
(19) Tomar, Richard. 1980. Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life. 1980.
In Annual Convention Reference Materials. Association of
Trial Lawyers of America, Washington, D.C.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
(20) Peterkin, Betty. 1974. USDA Family Food Plans, 1974. Paper
presented at the 1975 National Agricultural Outlook
Conference, December 1974, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C. 3-1 (Condensed in Family Economics Review,
winter 1975 and spring 1975, pp. 3-12, 3-10.)
(21)
(22)
1979. Family Food Budgeting for Good Meals and
Good Nutrition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Home and
Garden Bulletin 94.
Judy Chassy, and Richard Kerr. 1975. The Thrifty
Food Plan. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Consumer and
Food Economics Institute, CFE(Adm.)-326.
USDA Clothing Budgets
(23) Britton, Virginia. 1973. Clothing Budgets for Children From
the USDA: Annual Costs at Three Levels in Four Regions.
Home Economics Research Journal 1(3): 173-184.
(24) 1974. USDA Clothing Budgets: Annual Costs. Family
Economics Review, summer issue, pp. 3-7.
(25) 1974. Clothing Quantity Budgets. Family Economics
Review, fall issue, pp. 13-15.
(26) 1975. USDA Clothing Budgets: 1975 Costs. Family
Economics Review, summer issue, pp. 13-15.
(27) Magrabi, Frances M., Mary Lou Cooper, Lucile F. Mork, and
Brucy C. Gray. 1976. Wardrobe Replacement Planning Aid
for Families: A Computer Program. (Unpublished worksheet.)
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Consumer and Food
Economics Institute. u
(28) Polyzou, Annette, Carolyn S. Edwards, and Mills B. Weinstein.
1978. Clothing Budgets for Farm Children, 1977. Paper
presented at the Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference,
November 1978, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D.C.u (Condensed in Family Economics Review, winter 1979,
pp. 12-16.)
(29) Carolyn S. Edwards, and Mills B. Weinstein.
1979. Clothing Budgets for Farm Adults, 1978. Family
Economics Review, summer issue, pp. 16-17.
See footnote 10, p. 38.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
Indirect Costs
(30) Baerwaldt, Nancy A., and James N. Morgan. 1973. Trends in
Inter-Family Transfers. In Lewis Mandel, George Katona,
James N. Morgan, and Jay Schmiedeskamp, editors, Surveys
of Consumers 1971-72, pp. 205-232. Institute of Social
Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
(31) Culley, James D., Judith B. Van Name, and Barbara H. Settles.
1976. Measuring the Indirect Costs of Child Care. Public
Welfare 34(4): 7-13.
(32) Espenshade, Thomas J. 1972. The Price of Children and Socio-
Economic Theories of Fertility. Population Studies 26(2):
207-221.
(33)
(34)
1973. The Cost of Children in Urban United
States. Population Monograph Series No. 14. Institute of
International Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
1977. The Value and Cost of Children. Population
Bulletin, vol. 32, No. 1. (Updated 1980. Intercom 8(9): 1,
10-12.) Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Washington,
D.C.
(35) Hawrylshyn, Oli. 1976. The Value of Household Services: A
Survey of Empirical Estimates. Review of Income and
Wealth, September issue, pp. 101-131.
(36) Hefferan, Colien, editor. 1980. The Household as Producer--
A Look Beyond the Market. Proceedings of a workshop
sponsored by the Family Economics-Home Management Section
of the American Home Economics Association, St. Charles,
Mo., June 21-23, 1979.
(37) Hill, C. Russell, and Frank P. Stafford. 1974. Allocation
of Time to Preschool Children and Educational
Opportunity. Journal of Human Resources 9(3): 323-341.
(38)
and Frank P. Stafford. 1980. Parental Care of
Children: Time Diary Estimates of Quantity, Predictability
and Variety. Journal of Human Resources 15(2): 219-239.
(39) Lindert, Peter. 1978. Fertility and Scarcity in America.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.32
(40) Morgan, James N. 1978. Intra-Family Transfers Revisited:
The Support of Dependents Inside the Family. In Greg J.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
Duncan and James N. Morgan, editors, Five Thousand
American Families--Patterns of Economic Progress, vol. VI,
pp. 347-366. Institute for Social Research, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor.
(41) Mullineaux, Donald J. 1976. An Economic Approach to Family
Size: A New Perspective on Population Growth. Business
Review, January/February issue, pp. 3-12. Federal Reserve
Bank of Philadelphia, Pa.
(42) Reed, Ritchie H., and Susan McIntosh. 1972. Cost of Children.
In Elliot R. Morss and Ritchie H. Reed, editors, Economic
Aspects of Population Change, vol. III, pp. 333-350. U.S.
Commission on Population Growth and the American Future,
Washington, D.C.13
(43) Schultz, Theodore W., editor. 1974. Economics of the Fam-
ily--Marriage, Children, and Human Capital. A Conference
Report of the National Bureau of Economic Research. The
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
(44) Turchi, Boone A. 1975. The Demand for Children: The
Economics of Fertility. Ballinger Publishing Co.,
Cambridge, Mass.
(45) Walker, Kathryn E., and Margaret E. Woods. 1976. Time Use:
A Measure of Household Production of Family Goods and
Services. Center for the Family of the American Home
Economics Association, Washington, D.C.
The Changing American Family
(46) Bane, Mary Jo, Laura Lein, Lydia O'Donnell, C. Ann Stueve,
and Barbara Wells. 1979. Child Care Arrangements of Working
Parents. Monthly Labor Review 102(10): 50-56.
(47) and Robert S. Weiss. 1980. Alone Together--The
World of Single-Parent Families. American Demographics
2(5): 11-15, 48.
(48) Braestrup, Peter, editor. 1977 and 1980. The Wilson
Quarterly 1(2): 72-105 and 4(3): 112-149. (Two issues
containing articles on the American family.)
(49) Corfman, Eunice, editor. 1979. Family Today--A Research
Sampler on Families and Children. Science Monograph I,
vols. I and II. U.S. Department of Health, Education
,and Welfare, National Institute of Mental Health,
DHEW Pub. No. (ADM) 79-815.
13 See footnote 12, p. 41.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
(50) Epstein, Marsha Freeman. 1979. Children in One-Parent
Families. Family Economics Review, winter issue,
pp. 21-23.
(51) Glick, Paul C. 1979. The Future of the American Family.
Current Population Reports, Special Studies, Series
P-23, No. 78. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of
the Census.
(52) and Arthur J. Norton. 1977 (updated 1979).
Marrying, Divorcing and Living Together in the United
States Today. Population Bulletin, vol. 32, No. 5.
Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Washington, D.C.
(53) Grossman, Allyson S. 1978. Divorced and Separated Women
in the Labor Force--An Update. Monthly Labor Review
101(10): 43-45.
(54) Johnson, Beverly L. 1978. Women Who Head Families,
1970-1977. Their Numbers Rose, Income Lagged. Monthly
Labor Review 101(2): 32-37.
(55) 1980. Single-Parent Families. Family Economics
Review, summer/fall issue, pp. 22-27.
(56) Ross, Heather, and Isabel V. Sawhill. 1975. Time of
Transition: The Growth of Families Headed by Women.
The Urban Institute, Washington, D.C.
(57) Sanders, Ruth, and Graham Spanier. 1979. Divorce, Child
Custody, and Child Support. Current Population Reports,
Special Studies, Series P-23, No. 84. U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
(58) Schorr, Alvin L., and Phyllis Moen. 1979. The Single Parent
and Public Policy. Social Policy 9(5): 15-21.
(59) Shyne, Ann W. 1980. Who Are the Children: A National
Overview of Services. Social Work Research & Abstracts
16(1): 26-33.
(60) Smith, Michael J. 1980. Economic Conditions in Single-
Parent Families: A Longitudinal Perspective. Social Work
Research & Abstracts 16(2): 20-24.
(61) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
Human Development Services. 1980. The Status of Children,
Youth and Families 1979. DHHS Publication No. (OHDS)
80-30274.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
(62) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of
Policy Development and Research. 1978. How Well Are We
Housed? No. 2, Female-Headed Households.
(63) Waldman, Elizabeth, Allyson Sherman Grossman, Howard Hayghe,
and Beverly L. Johnson. 1979. Working Mothers in the
1970's: A Look at the Statistics. Monthly Labor Review
102(10) : 39-49.
The Cost of Having a Baby
(64) Health Insurance Institute. 1978. The Cost of Having a Baby.
Washington, D.C.
(65) Epstein, Marsha Freeman, and Cynthia L. Jennings. 1979.
Child Care: Arrangements and Costs. Family Economics
Review, fall issue, pp. 3-6.
U.S. Department of Education, Center for Education
Statistics: Estimates for Higher Education
(66) Frankel, Martin M., and Debra Gerald, editors. 1980.
Projections of Education Statistics to 1988-89. U.S.
Department of Education, National Center for Education
Statistics.
(67) Grant, W. Vance, and Leo J. Eiden. 1980. Digest of Education
Statistics, 1980. U.S. Department of Education, National
Center for Education Statistics.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Urban Family Budgets and Consumer Expenditure Survey
(68) Jackson, Carolyn A. 1968. Revised Equivalence Scale for
Estimating Incomes or Budget Costs by Family Type.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Bulletin 1570-2.
(69) Jacobs, Eva. 1977. Changes in the Distribution of Consumer
Spending. Monthly Labor Review 100(9): 33-34.
(70) Lamale, Helen H. 1977. Spending. The Wilson Quarterly
1(4): 156-166.
(71) U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1967.
City Workers' Family Budget for a Moderate Living
Standard, Autumn 1966. Bulletin 1570-1.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
(72) 1969. Three Standards of Living for an Urban
Family of Four Persons, Spring 1967. Bulletin 1570-5.
(73)
(74)
1978. Consumer Expenditure Survey: Interview
Survey, 1972-73. Bulletin 1997(1), U.S. Tables--Families
Classified by 10 Family Characteristics; Bulletin 1997(2),
Regional Tables--Families Classified by Income for 4
Regions.
1980. Autumn 1979 Urban Family Budgets and
Comparative Indexes for Selected Urban Areas. News,
USDL Pub. No. 8-278.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
raising an urban child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4 regions
(June 1980 price levels)2
Food
Cost level and Food away Medical Educa- Trans-
age of child Total at from Clothing Housing4 care tion por- Other5
(years) home3 home tation
Economy:
Under 1 .............. $1,784 $327 0 $76 $718 $88 0 $400 $175
1 .................... 1,849 392 0 76 718 88 0 400 175
2-3 .................. 1,667 392 0 91 606 88 0 334 156
4-5 .................. 1,756 436 $45 91 606 88 0 334 156
6 .................... 1,789 436 23 152 584 88 $20 311 175
7-9 .................. 1,876 523 23 152 584 88 20 311 175
10-11 ................ 1,963 610 23 152 584 88 20 311 175
12 ................... 2,090 610 45 212 606 88 20 334 175
13-15 ................ 2,134 654 45 212 606 88 20 334 175
16-17 ................ 2,243 763 45 212 606 88 20 334 175
Low:
Under 1 .............. 2,491 414 0 106 1,055 154 0 489 273
1 .................... 2,578 501 0 106 1,055 154 0 489 273
2-3 .................. 2,318 479 0 152 898 132 0 423 234
4-5 .................. 2,429 545 45 152 898 132 0 423 234
6 .................... 2,414 545 45 212 786 132 41 400 253
7-9 .................. 2,501 632 45 212 786 132 41 400 253
10-11 ................ 2,610 741 45 212 786 132 41 400 253
12 ................... 2,796 741 68 288 808 132 41 445 273
13-15 ................ 2,883 828 68 288 808 132 41 445 273
16-17 ................ 3,102 937 68 334 831 132 41 467 292"
Moderate:
Under 1 .............. 3,676 523 0 136 1,594 221 0 734 468
1 .................... 3,785 632 0 136 1,594 221 0 734 468
2-3 .................. 3,550 610 0 212 1,414 221 0 645 448
4-5 .................. 3,728 675 113 212 1,414 221 0 645 448
6 .................... 3,920 675 135 288 1,347 221 122 645 487
7-9 .................. 4,051 806 135 288 1,347 221 122 645 487
10-11 ................ 4,226 981 135 288 1,347 221 122 645 487
12 ................... 4,513 981 158 424 1,392 221 122 689 526
13-15 ................ 4,643 1,111 158 424 1,392 221 122 689 526
16-17 ................ 5,006 1,220 158 546 1,437 221 122 756 546
Total ............. 74,996 15,534 1,984 5,635 25,368 3,978 1,464 12,186 8,846
1Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2 Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3lncludes home-produced food and school lunches.
Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
Slncludes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 8.--Annual cost of raising an urban child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4 regions
(June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por-
Other5
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$1,880
$349
0
$61
$763
$154
0
$378
$175
1 ....................
1,967
436
0
61
763
154
0
378
175
2-3 ..................
1,801
414
0
91
674
132
0
334
156
4-5 ..................
1,911
479
$45
91
674
132
0.
334
156
6 ....................
1,949
479
45
136
651
132
$20
311
175
7-9 ..................
2,058
588
45
136
651
132
20
311
175
10-11 ................
2,145
675
45
136
651
132
20
311
175
12 ...................
2,266
697
45
212
674
132
20
311
175
13-15 ................
2,332
763
45
212
674
132
20
311
175
16-17 ................
2,486
872
45
212
674
154
20
334
175
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,588
436
0
91
1,078
176
0
534
273
1 ....................
2,697
545
0
91
1,078
176
0
534
273
2-3 ..................
2,518
523
0
136
943
176
0
467
273
4-5 ..................
2,651
588
68
136
943
176
0
-467
273
6 ....................
2,699
588
68
212
876
176
20
467
292
7-9 ..................
2,808
697
68
212
876
176
20
467
292
10-11 ................
2,939
828
68
212
876
176
20
467
292
12 ...................
3,123
850
90
288
898
176
20
489
312
13-15 ................
3,188
915
90
288
898
176
20
489
312
16-17 ................
3,450
1,046
113
288
920
176
20
556
331
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,618
523
0
121
1,549
243
0
734
448
1 ....................
3,749
654
0
121
1,549
243
0
734
448
2-3 ..................
3,557
632
0
197
1,392
243
0
645
448
4-5 ..................
3,779
719
135
197
1,392
243
0
645
448
6 ....................
4,030
697
158
288
1,369
243
101
667
507
7-9 ..................
4,183
850
158
288
1,369
243
101
667
507
10-11 ................
4,379
1,046
158
288
1,369
243
101
667
507
12 ...................
4,631
1,046
158
409
1,414
243
101
734
526
13-15 ................
4,740
1,155
158
409
1,414
243
101
734
526
16-17 ................
5,214
1,307
180
515
1,482
243
101
801
585
Total .............
76,655
16,343
2,210
5,424
25,500
4,374
1,212
12,588
9,004
Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3 Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5 Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 8.--Annual cost of raising an urban child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4 regions
(June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Food
Cost level and Food away 4
age of child Total at from Clothing Housing
(years) home3 home
Economy:
Under 1 .............. $1,571 $370 0 $61 $674
1 .................... 1,637 436 0 61 674
2-3 .................. 1,592 436 0 106 606
4-5 .................. 1,680 479 $45 106 606
6 .................... 1,702 479 45 152 584
7-9 .................. 1,790 567 45 152 584
10-11 ................ 1,898 675 45 152 584
12 ................... 1,957 697 45 167 606
13-15 ................ 2,023 763 45 167 606
16-17 ................ 2,215 850 45 227 629
Low:
Under 1 .............. 2,133 458 0
1 .................... 2,220 545 0
2-3 .................. 2.085 545 0
4-5 .................. 2,195 610 45
6 .................... 2,207 610 45
7-9 .................. 2,316 719 45
10-11 ................ 2,447 850 45
12 ................... 2,616 872 45
13-15 ................ 2,681 937 45
16-17 ................ 2,884 1,068 45
91
91
136
136
197
197
197
258
258
288
Moderate:
Under 1 .............. 3,360
1 .................... 3,490
2-3 .................. 3,400
4-5 .................. 3,601
6 .................... 3,836
7-9 .................. 3,988
10-11 ................ 4,184
12 ................... 4,452
13-15 ................ 4,583
16-17 ................ 4,929
567
697
675
763
763
915
1,111
1,111
1,242
1,373
0
0
0
113
135
135
135
135
135
158
121
121
212
212
288
288
288
424
424
531
943
943
808
808
741
741
741
763
763
763
1,504
1,504
1,369
1,369
1,347
1,347
1,347
1,392
1,392
1,414
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
care
tion
por-
Others
tation
$88
0
$222
$156
88
0
222
156
88
0
200
156
88
0
200
156
88
$20
178
156
88
20
178
156
88
20
178
156
88
20
178
156
88
20
178
156
88
20
200
156
132
334
175
132
334
175
110
311
175
110
311
175
110
289
195
110
289
195
110
289
195
110
334
214
110
334
214
110
356
234
198
0
600
370
198
0
600
370
198
0
556
390
198
0
556
390
198
101
556
448
198
101
556
448
198
101
556
448
198
101
623
468
198
101
623
468
198
101
667
487
1 Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2 Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3 Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5 Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
of raising an urban child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4 regions
(June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por-
Other5
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$1,881
$349
0
$61
$786
$110
0
$400
$175
1 ....................
1,946
414
0
61
786
110
0
400
175
2-3 ..................
1,764
414
0
76
674
110
0
334
156
4-5 ..................
1,853
458
$45
76
674
110
0
334
156
6 ....................
1,927
458
45
136
651
110
$41
311
175
7-9 ..................
2,014
545
45
136
651
110
41
311
175
10-11 ................
2,123
654
45
136
651
110
41
311
175
12 ...................
2,184
654
45
197
651
110
41
311
175
13-15 ................
2,249
719
45
197
651
110
41
311
175
16-17 ................
2,419
806
45
212
696
110
41
334
175
Total .............
37,045
10,331
630
2,454
12,170
1,980
492
5,914
3,074
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,588
436
0
91
1,100
154
0
534
273
1 ....................
2,675
523
0
91
1,100
154
0
534
273
2-3 ..................
2,432
501
0
136
943
132
0
467
253
4-5 ..................
2,566
567
68
136
943
132
0
467
253
6 ....................
2,591
567
68
212
853
132
41
445
273
7-9 ..................
2,699
675
68
212
853
132
41
445
273
10-11 ................
2,830
806
68
212
853
132
41
445
273
12 ...................
2,970
806
68
288
876
132
41
467
292
13-15 ................
3,057
893
68
288
876
132
41
467
292
16-17 ................
3,359
1,002
68
394
898
132
41
512
312
952
3,938
16,390
2,420
492
8,498
4,988
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,378
479
0
121
1,482
198
0
689
409
1 ....................
3,487
588
0
121
1,482
198
0
689
409
2-3 ..................
3,255
588
0
197
1,302
198
0
600
370
4-5 ..................
3,455
675
113
197
1,302
198
0
600
370
6 ....................
3,583
654
113
273
1,235
198
81
600
429
7-9 ..................
3,735
806
113
273
1,235
198
81
600
429
10-11 ................
3,888
959
113
273
1,235
198
81
600
429
12 ...................
4,162
981
135
394
1,280
198
81
645
448
13-15 ................
4,271
1,090
135
394
1,280
198
81
645
448
16-17 ................
4,704
1,220
135
546
1,325
198
81
712
487
Total .............
69,232
15,274
1,714
5,336
23,352
3,564
972
11,382
7,638
'Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2 Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 9.--Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child1 from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4
regions (June 1980 price levels)2
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
5
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por-
Other
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$1,548
$327
0
$61
$516
$88
0
$400
$156
1 ....................
1,613
392
0
61
516
88
0
400
156
2-3 ..................
1,424
370
0
91
427
66
0
334
136
4-5 ..................
1,535
436
$45
91
427
66
0
334
136
6 ....................
1,538
414
23
121
427
66
$20
311
156
7-9 ..................
1,625
501
23
121
427
66
20
311
156
10-11 ................
1,712
588
23
121
427
66
20
311
156
12 ...................
1,787
588
45
152
449
66
20
311
156
13-15 ................
1,853
654
45
152
449
66
20
311
156
16-17 ................
1,993
741
45
182
449
66
20
334
156
Total .............
30,248
9,456
498
2,184
7,996
1,232
240
5,914
2,728
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,493
392
0
106
1,010
132
0
600
253
1 ....................
2,580
479
0
106
1,010
132
0
600
253
2-3 ..................
2,296
458
0
152
831
132
0
489
234
4-5 ..................
2,429
523
68
152
831
132
0
489
234
6 ....................
2,401
523
68
197
741
132
20
467
253
7-9 ..................
2,510
632
68
197
741
132
20
467
253
10-11 ................
2,619
741
68
197
741
132
20
467
253
12 ...................
2,740
741
68
273
763
110
20
512
253
13-15 ................
2,805
806
68
273
763
110
20
512
253
16-17 ................
3,070
915
68
364
786
110
20
534
273
Total .............
46,987
11,723
952
3,822
14,414
2,244
240
9,074
4,518
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,832
523
0
136
1,594
221
0
890
468
1 ....................
3,919
610
0
136
1,594
221
0
890
468
2-3 ..................
3,553
588
0
212
1,369
221
0
734
429
4-5 ..................
3,775
675
135
212
1,369
221
0
734
429
6 ....................
3,904
654
135
288
1,325
221
101
712
468
7-9 ..................
4,034
784
135
288
1,325
221
101
712
468
10-11 ................
4,209
959
135
288
1,325
221
101
712
468
12 ...................
4,533
959
158
440
1,369
221
101
778
507
13-15 ................
4,642
1,068
158
440
1,369
221
101
778
507
16-17 ................
5,063
1,198
180
622
1,392
221
101
823
526
Total .............
75,416
15,142
2,072
5,852
24,874
3,978
1,212
13,746
8,540
l Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2 Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5lncludes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 9.--Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4
regions (June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por-
Other5
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$2,113
$349
0
$76
$674
$88
0
$712
$214
1 ....................
2,178
414
0
76
674
88
0
712
214
2-3 ..................
1,883
392
0
91
561
88
0
556
195
4-5 ..................
1,972
458
$23
91
561
88
0
556
195
6 ....................
2,052
479
23
152
539
88
$20
556
195
7-9 ..................
2,140
567
23
152
539
88
20
556
195
10-11 ................
2,227
654
23
152
539
88
20
556
195
12 ...................
2,294
654
23
197
539
88
20
578
195
13-15 ................
2,359
719
23
197
539
88
20
578
195
16-17 ................
2,613
850
45
167
584
88
20
645
214
Total .............
39,524
10,462
366
2,550
10,150
1,584
240
10,586
3,586
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,841
414
0
91
1,100
154
0
712
370
1 ....................
2,950
523
0
91
1,100
154
0
712
370
2-3 ..................
2,658
501
0
152
920
154
0
600
331
4-5 ..................
2,813
588
68
152
920
154
0
600
331
6 ....................
2,862
567
68
227
876
154
41
578
351
7-9 ..................
2,992
697
68
227
876
154
41
578
351
10-11 ................
3,101
806
68
227
876
154
41
578
351
12 ...................
3,294
806
68
334
898
154
41
623
370
13-15 ................
3,381
893
68
334
898
154
41
623
370
16-17 ................
3,699
1,024
90
349
920
154
41
712
409
Total .............
55,608
12,918
996
4,186.
16,568
2,772
492
11,208
6,468
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,958
523
0
121
1,616
243
0
890
565
1 ....................
4,067
632
0
121
1,616
243
0
890
565
2-3 ..................
3,683
610
0
197
1,392
221
0
756
507
4-5 ..................
3,905
697
135
197
1,392
221
0
756
507
6 ....................
4,168
675
135
303
1,369
243
122
756
565
7-9 ..................
4,321
828
135
303
1,369
243
122
756
565
10-11 ................
4,495
1,002
135
303
1,369
243
122
756
565
12 ...................
4,821
1,002
158
455
1,414
243
122
823
604
13-15 ................
4,952
1,133
158
455
1,414
243
122
823
604
16-17 ................
5,443
1,286
180
531
1,504
243
122
934
643
Total .............
79,885
15,905
2,072
5,730
25,678
4,286
1,464
14,500
10,250
'Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5lncludes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 9.--Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4
regions (June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
5
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por-
Other
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$1,571
$349
0
$61
$561
$88
0
$356
$156
1 ....................
1,636
414
0
61
561
88
0
356
156
2-3 ..................
1,584
414
0
76
516
88
0
334
156
4-5 ..................
1,672
479
$23
76
516
88
0
334
156
6 ....................
1,704
479
23
121
516
88
$10
311
156
7-9 ..................
1,792
567
23
121
516
88
10
311
156
10-11 ................
1,900
675
23
121
516
88
10
311
156
12 ...................
1,954
675
23
152
539
88
10
311
156
13-15 ................
2,020
741
23
152
539
88
10
311
156
16-17 ................
2,298
828
23
288
561
88
20
334
156
Total .............
33,209
10,633
322
2,336
9,560
1,584
140
5,826
2,808
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,521
436
0
91
1,033
132
0
556
273
1 ....................
2,608
523
0
91
1,033
132
0
556
273
2-3 ..................
2,453
523
0
136
920
132
0
489
253
4-5 ..................
2,586
588
68
136
920
132
0
489
253
6 ....................
2,684
567
68
197
898
132
41
489
292
7-9 ..................
2,814
697
68
197
898
132
41
489
292
10-11 ................
2,945
828
68
197
898
132
41
489
292
12 ...................
3,074
828
68
303
898
132
41
512
292
13-15 ................
3,161
915
68
303
898
132
41
512
292
16-17 ................
3,454
1,024
90
379
920
132
41
556
312
Total .............
51,688
13,116
996
3,878
16,566
2,376
492
9,162
5,102
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,701
523
0
121
1,594
198
0
778
487
1 ....................
3,810
632
0
121
1,594
198
0
778
487
2-3 ..................
3,644
610
0
197
1,459
198
0
712
468
4-5 ..................
3,866
697
135
197
1,459
198
0
712
468
6 ....................
4,119
697
158
288
1,437
198
122
712
507
7-9 ..................
4,250
828
158
288
1,437
198
122
712
507
10-11 ................
4,446
1,024
158
288
1,437
198
122
712
507
12 ...................
4,726
1,024
158
440
1,482
198
122
756
546
13-15 ................
4,857
1,155
158
440
1,482
198
122
756
546
16-17 ................
5,297
1,286
180
576
1,527
198
122
823
585
Total .............
78,183
16,059
2,210
5,670
26,628
3,564
1,464
13,346
9,242
1Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 9.--Annual cost of raising a rural nonfarm child' from birth to age 18 by age at 3 cost levels in 4
regions (June 1980 price levels)2--Continued
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing
Housing4
care
tion
por
Other5
(years)
home3
home
tation
Economy:
Under 1 ..............
$1,465
$305
0
$61
$516
$88
0
$378
$117
1 ....................
1,530
370
0
61
516
88
0
378
177
2-3 ..................
1,390
349
0
76
449
88
0
311
117
4-5 ..................
1,478
414
$23
76
449
88
0
311
117
6 ....................
1,521
414
23
121
427
88
$20
311
117
7-9 ..................
1,608
501
23
121
427
88
20
311
117
10-11 ................
1,695
588
23
121
427
88
20
311
117
12 ...................
1,782
588
23
167
449
88
20
311
136
13-15 ................
1,848
654
23
167
449
88
20
311
136
16-17 ................
1,951
741
23
182
449
66
20
334
136
Total .............
29,694
9,326
322
2,184
8,084
1,540
240
5,778
2,220
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,261
392
0
91
943
132
0
489
214
1 ....................
2,327
458
0
91
943
132
0
489
214
2-3 ..................
2,047
458
0
121
763
110
0
400
195
4-5 ..................
2,157
523
45
121
763
110
0
400
195
6 ....................
2,212
523
45
182
718
110
20
400
214
7-9 ..................
2,321
632
45
182
718
110
20
400
214
10-11 ................
2,408
719
45
182
718
110
20
400
214
12 ...................
2,609
741
68
273
718
110
20
445
234
13-15 ................
2,674
806
68
273
718
110
20
445
234
16-17 ................
2,866
915
68
334
718
110
20
467
234
Total .............
43,350
11,658
768
3,518
13,554
2,024
240
7,692
3,896
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
3,191
436
0
106
1,414
198
0
667
370
1 ....................
3,300
545
0
106
1,414
198
0
667
370
2-3 ..................
2,943
523
0
167
1,190
176
0
556
331
4-5 ..................
3,120
610
90
167
1,190
176
0
556
331
6 ....................
3,353
610
113
258
1,167
176
81
578
370
7-9 ..................
3,484
741
113
258
1,167
176
81
578
370
10-11 ................
3,658
915
113
258
1,167
176
81
578
370
12 ...................
3,945
915
113
394
1,212
176
81
645
409
13-15 ................
4,054
1,024
113
394
1,212
176
81
645
409
16-17 ................
4,363
1,133
135
485
1,235
198
81
667
429
Total .............
64,571
14,163
1,580
4,974
21,908
3,256
972
10,940
6,778
l Child in a family of husband and wife and no more than 5 children.
2 Costs were updated from estimates in table 2 of "Cost of raising a child--Derived from 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, detail tables," CFE(Adm.)-318, 1971, Agricultural Research Service,
USDA (8). Indexes used are shown in table 3 of this guide. Estimates rounded to nearest $1.
3Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and miscellaneous expenditures.
Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 1O.--Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls from birth to age 18 by age at 4 cost levels
(June 1980 price levels)'
Cost level and
Food
Food
away
4
Medical
Educa-
Trans-
s
age of child
Total
at
from
Clothing3
Housing
care
tion
por-
Other
(years)
home2
home
tation
Thrifty:
Under 1 ..............
$1,652
$307
0
$63
$838
$169
0
$166
$109
109
1 ....................
1,735
390
0
63
838
169
0
166
2 ....................
1,710
390
0
62
838
145
0
166
109
3 ....................
1,798
451
$27
62
838
145
0
166
109
4 ....................
1,798
451
27
62
838
145
0
166
109
5 ....................
1,798
451
27
62
838
145
0
166
109
6 ....................
1,905
538
42
70
838
142
0
166
109
7 ....................
1,905
538
42
70
838
142
0
166
109
8 ....................
1,905
538
42
70
838
142
0
166
109
9 ....................
1,994
625
44
70
838
142
0
166
109
10 ....................
2,038
625
44
114
838
142
0
166
109
11 ....................
2,038
625
44
114
838
142
0
166
109
12 ....................
2,133
742
22
114
838
142
0
166
109
13 ....................
2,133
742
22
114
838
142
0
166
109
14 ....................
2,572
742
22
136
838
142
0
583
109
15 ....................
2,725
849
68
136
838
142
0
583
109
16 ....................
2,716
849
68
127
838
142
0
583
109
17 ....................
2,716
849
68
127
838
142
0
583
109
Total ..............
37,271
10,702
609
1,636
15,084
2,622
0
4,656
1,962
Low:
Under 1 ..............
2,321
383
0
86
1,145
184
0
227
296
1 ....................
2,426
488
0
86
1,145
184
0
227
296
2 ....................
2,424
488
0
86
1,145
182
0
227
296
3 ....................
2,554
550
68
86
1,145
182
0
227
296
4 ....................
2,554
550
68
86
1,145
182
0
227
296
5 ....................
2,554
550
68
86
1,145
182
0
227
296
6 ....................
2,802
666
70
111
1,145
175
$112
227
296
7 ....................
2,802
666
70
111
1,145
175
112
227
296
8 ....................
2,802
666
70
111
1,145
175
112
227
296
9 ....................
2,925
766
93
111
1,145
175
112
227
296
10 ....................
2,959
766
93
145
1,145
175
112
227
296
11 ....................
2,959
766
93
145
1,145
175
112
227
296
12 ....................
3,090
907
83
145
1,145
175
112
227
296
13 ....................
3,090
907
83
145
1.145
175
112
227
296
14 ....................
3.647
907
83
180
1,145
175
112
749
296
15 ....................
3,830
1,045
128
180
1,145
175
112
749
296
16 ....................
3,820
1,045
128
170
1,145
175
112
749
296
17 ....................
3,820
1,045
128
170
1,145
175
112
749
296
Total ..............
53,379
13,161
1,326
2,240
20,610
3,196
1,344
6,174
5,328
'Costs were updated from estimates in tables 1 and 2 of The cost of raising farm children," 1978 paper
presented by Carolyn S. Edwards and Brucy Gray at the Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference,
USDA, Washington, D.C. (3), using indexes as indicated in table 3 of that paper.
Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
3The clothing portion of these estimates represents the sum of individual clothing item estimates,
each individually updated with corresponding clothing item subindexes of the CPI. Users can use
clothing subindexes as shown in table 3 of this guide instead of the separate clothing item subindexes.
``Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5lncludes personal care, recreation, reading, and other miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 10.--Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls from birth to age 18 by age at 4 cost levels
(June 1980 price levels)'--Continued
Food
Cost level and Food away Medical Educa- Trans-
age of child Total at from Clothing3 Housing4 care tion por- Other5
(years) home2 home tation
Moderate:
Under 1 .............. $3,331 $482 0 $124 $1,618 $204 0 $317 $586
1 .................... 3,464 615 0 124 1,618 204 0 317 586
2 .................... 3,476 615 0 115 1,618 225 0 317 586
3 .................... 3,684 695 $128 115 1,618 225 0 317 586
4 .................... 3,684 695 128 115 1,618 225 0 317 586
5 .................... 3,684 695 128 115 1,618 225 0 317 586
6 .................... 4,375 847 114 161 1,618 229 $503 317 586
7 .................... 4,375 847 114 161 1,618 229 503 317 586
8 .................... 4,375 847 114 161 1,618 229 503 317 586
9 .................... 4,561 981 166 161 1,618 229 503 317 586
10 .................... 4,610 981 166 210 1,618 229 503 317 586
11 .................... 4,610 981 166 210 1,618 229 503 317 586
12 .................... 4,830 1,179 188 210 1,618 229 503 317 586
13 .................... 4,830 1,179 188 210 1,618 229 503 317 586
14 .................... 5,602 1,179 188 251 1,618 229 503 1,048 586
15 .................... 5,787 1,303 249 251 1,618 229 503 1,048 586
16 .................... 5,782 1,303 249 246 1,618 229 503 1,048 586
17 .................... 5,782 1,303 249 246 1,618 229 503 1,048 586
Total .............. 80,842 16,727 2,535 3,186 29,124 4,056 6,036 8,630 10,548
Liberal:
Under 1 .............. 4,972 538 0 176 2,441 236 0 467 1,114
1 .................... 5,171 737 0 176 2,441 236 0 467 1,114
2 .................... 5,264 737 0 179 2,441 326 0 467 1,114
3 .................... 5,566 799 240 179 2,441 326 0 467 1,114
4 .................... 5,566 799 240 179 2,441 326 0 467 1,114
5 ............... :.... 5,566 799 240 179 2,441 326 0 467 1,114
6 .................... 6,763 1,041 187 247 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
7 .................... 6,763 1,041 187 247 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
8 .................... 6,763 1,041 187 247 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
9 .................... 6,950 1,161 254 247 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
10 .................... 6,975 1,161 254 272 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
11 .................... 6,975 1,161 254 272 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
12 .................... 7,248 1,363 325 272 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
13 .................... 7,248 1,363 325 272 2,441 307 959 467 1,114
14 .................... 8,245 1,363 325 330 2,441 307 959 1,406 1,114
15 .................... 8,465 1,546 362 330 2,441 307 959 1,406 1,114
16 .................... 8,495 1,546 362 360 2,441 307 959 1,406 1,114
17 .................... 8,495 1,546 3.62 360 2,441 307 959 1,406 1,114
Total .............. 121,490 19,742 4,104 4,524 43,938 5,460 11,508 12,162 20,052
1Costs were updated from estimates in tables 1 and 2 of "The cost of raising farm children," 1978 paper
presented by Carolyn S. Edwards and Brucy Gray at the Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference,
USDA, Washington, D.C. (3), using indexes as indicated in table 3 of that paper.
2 Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
3The clothing portion of these estimates represents the sum of individual clothing item estimates,
each individually updated with corresponding clothing item subindexes of the CPI. Users can use
clothing subindexes as shown in table 3 of this guide instead of the separate clothing item subindexes.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5 Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and other miscellaneous expenditures.
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 10.--Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls from birth to age 18 by age at 4 cost levels
(June 1980 price levels)'--Continued
Food
Cost level and Food away Medical Educa- Trans-
age of child Total at from Clothing3 Housing4 care tion por- Other5
(years) home2 home tation
Thrifty:
Under 1 .............. $1,645 $307 0 $63 $838 $129 0 $166 $142
1 .................... 1,728 390 0 63 838 129 0 166 142
2 .................... 1,693 390 0 43 838 114 0 166 142
3 .................... 1,781 451 $27 43 838 114 0 166 142
4 .................... 1,781 451 27 43 838 114 0 166 142
5 .................... 1,781 451 27 43 838 114 0 166 142
6 .................... 1,929 538 42 74 838 129 0 166 142
7 .................... 1,929 538 42 74 838 129 0 166 142
8 .................... 1,929 538 42 74 838 129 0 166 142
9 .................... 1,992 617 26 74 838 129 0 166 142
10 .................... 2,016 617 26 98 838 129 0 166 142
11 .................... 2,016 617 26 98 838 129 0 166 142
12 .................... 2,085 674 38 98 838 129 0 166 142
13 .................... 2,085 674 38 98 838 129 0 166 142
14 .................... 2,326 674 38 122 838 129 0 383 142
15 .................... 2,368 686 68 122 838 129 0 383 142
16 .................... 2,345 686 68 99 838 129 0 383 142
17 .................... 2,345 686 68 99 838 129 0 383 142
Total .............. 35,774 9,985 603 1,428 15,084 2,262 0 3,856 2,556
Low:
Under 1 .............. 2,322 383 0 86 1,145 156 0 227 325
1 .................... 2,427 488 0 86 1,145 156 0 227 325
2 .................... 2,411 488 0 69 1,145 157 0 227 325
3 .................... 2,541 550 68 69 1,145 157 0 227 325
4 .................... 2,541 550 68 69 1,145 157 0 227 325
5 .................... 2,541 550 68 69 1,145 157 0 227 325
6 .................... 2,808 666 70 102 1,145 161 $112 227 325
7 .................... 2,808 666 70 102 1,145 161 112 227 325
8 .................... 2,808 666 70 102 1,145 161 112 227 325
9 .................... 2,903 755 76 102 1,145 161 112 227 325
10 .................... 2,955 755 76 154 1,145 161 112 227 325
11 .................... 2,955 755 76 154 1,145 161 112 227 325
12 .................... 3,039 827 88 154 1,145 161 112 227 325
13 .................... 3,039 827 88 154 1,145 161 112 227 325
14 .................... 3,318 827 88 169 1,145 161 112 491 325
15 .................... 3,358 849 106 169 1,145 161 112 491 325
16 .................... 3,358 849 106 169 1,145 161 112 491 325
17 .................... 3,358 849 106 169 1,145 161 112 491 325
Total .............. 51,490 12,300 1,224 2,148 20,610 2,872 1,344 5,142 5,850
1Costs were updated from estimates in tables 1 and 2 of "The cost of raising farm children," 1978 paper
presented by Carolyn S. Edwards and Brucy Gray at the Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference,
USDA, Washington, D.C. (3), using indexes as indicated in table 3 of that paper.
2lncludes home-produced food and school lunches.
3The clothing portion of these estimates represents the sum of individual clothing item estimates,
each individually updated with corresponding clothing item subindexes of the CPI. Users can use
clothing subindexes as shown in table 3 of this guide instead of the separate clothing item subindexes.
41ncludes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5lncludes personal care, recreation, reading, and other miscellaneous expenditures.
Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
TABLE 10.--Annual cost of raising farm boys and girls from birth to age 18 by age at 4 cost levels
(June 1980 price levels)1--Continued
Food
Cost level and Food away Medical Educa- Trans-
age of child Total at from Clothing3 Housing4 care tion por- Other 5
(years) home2 home tation
Moderate:
Under 1 ..............
$3,379
$482
0
$124
$1,618
$209
0
$317
$629
1 ....................
3,512
615
0
124
1,618
209
0
317
629
2 ....................
3,490
615
0
99
1,618
212
0
317
629
3 ....................
3,698
695
$128
99
1,618
212
0
317
629
4 ....................
3,698
695
128
99
1,618
212
0
317
629
5 ....................
3,698
695
128
99
1,618
212
0
317
629
6 ....................
4,393
847
114
155
1,618
210
$503
317
629
7 ....................
4,393
847
114
155
1,618
210
503
317
629
8 ....................
4,393
847
114
155
1,618
210
503
317
629
9 ....................
4,555
964
159
155
1,618
210
503
317
629
10 ....................
4,631
964
159
231
1,618
210
503
317
629
11 ....................
4,631
964
159
231
1.618
210
503
317
629
12 ....................
4,749
1,071
161
231
1,618
210
503
317
629
13 ....................
4,749
1,071
161
231
1,618
210
503
317
629
14 ....................
5,152
1,071
161
248
1,618
210
503
712
629
15 ....................
5,164
1,068
176
248
1,618
210
503
712
629
16 ....................
5,213
1,068
176
297
1,618
210
503
712
629
17 ....................
5,213
1,068
176
297
1,618
210
503
712
629
Liberal:
Under 1 ..............
5,081
538
0
176
2,441
279
0
467
1,180
1 ....................
5,280
737
0
176
2,441
279
0
467
1,180
2 ....................
5,334
737
0
172
2,441
337
0
467
1,180
3 ....................
5,636
799
240
172
2,441
337
0
467
1,180
4 ....................
5,636
799
240
172
2,441
337
0
467
1,180
5 ....................
5,636
799
240
172
2,441
337
0
467
1,180
6 ....................
6,810
1,041
187
242
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
7 ....................
6,810
1,041
187
242
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
8 ....................
6,810
1,041
187
242
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
9 ....................
6,972
1,074
316
242
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
10 ....................
7,087
1,074
316
357
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
11 ....................
7,087
1,074
316
357
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
12 ....................
7,232
1,272
263
357
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
13 ....................
7,232
1,272
263
357
2,441
293
959
467
1,180
14 ....................
7,686
1,272
263
328
2,441
293
959
950
1,180
15 ....................
7,660
1,252
257
328
2,441
293
959
950
1,180
16 ....................
7,793
1,252
257
461
2,441
293
959
950
1,180
17 ....................
7,793
1,252
257
461
2,441
293
959
950
1,180
1 Costs were updated from estimates in tables 1 and 2 of The cost of raising farm children, "1978 paper
presented by Carolyn S. Edwards and Brucy Gray at the Food and Agricultural Outlook Conference,
USDA, Washington, D.C. (3), using indexes as indicated in table 3 of that paper.
2 Includes home-produced food and school lunches.
3 The clothing portion of these estimates represents the sum of individual clothing item estimates,
each individually updated with corresponding clothing item subindexes of the CPI. Users can use
clothing subindexes as shown in table 3 of this guide instead of the separate clothing item subindexes.
4 Includes shelter, fuel, utilities, household operations, furnishings, and equipment.
5 Includes personal care, recreation, reading, and other miscellaneous expenditures.
Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
 Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
WASHINGTON. D.C. 20250 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
OFFICIAL BUSINESS AGR 101
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE. $300
Approved For Release 2008/09/17: CIA-RDP90B01370R000100110032-4