RECORD OF PERFORMANCE, (SANITIZED)CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP87M00539R003205250002-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 15
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 11, 2009
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 12, 1985
• Content Type: MEMO

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EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
ROUTING SLIP
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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
WASHINGTON. 0. C. 20350
Executive Registry
84- 1144-r
The Honorable William J. Casey
Director, Central Intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
Dear Mr
t, OTE REGISTRY
I e4- ?o7l
For many years, civilian officials of various government
departments and agencies have attended the Naval War College. In
continuation of past practice, I take pleasure in extending a
cordial invitation to nominate one representative to-attend the
senior resident college, the College of Naval Warfare, and one
representative to attend the junior resident college, the College
of Naval Command and Staff, during academic year 1984-1985.
.The candidate for the College of Naval Warfare should be a
GS-1'3.to GS-15. The candidate for the College of Naval Command
and Staff should be a GS-11 to GS-13. Both candidates should have
a baccalaureate degree and exceptional potential for advancement.
The average age of College of Naval Warfare students is 42.
College of Naval Command and Staff student average age is 36.
Course descriptions are enclosed.
All U.S. students at the Naval War College will receive
classified material through Top Secret. Your prospective students
should therefore ensure that an expanded scope background investi-
gation has been completed within the past four years or that one
is initiated at the earliest opportunity. Please include certifi-
cation of security investigations completed and clearances held in
your students' orders.
Your prospective students should arrive at the Naval War
College in time to attend a Navy familiarization session on
August 8, 1984. Classes will graduate on June 21, 1985.
Please advise the President, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode
Island 02841, with copy to the Chief of Naval Operations
(OP-114D2), Washington, D.C. 20350, of your intentions regarding
participation prior to April 30, 1984.
Sincerely,
ohn Lehman
Secretary of the Navy
SC
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OVERVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM
PRESCRIBED CURRICULUM
The resident academic program accomplishes the mission of the
Naval War College through a prescribed curriculum that examines
three major areas of professional knowledge--Policy and Strategy,
Defense Economics and Decision Making, and Naval Operations. The
specific material presented in the program varies in sequence,
scope and methodology according to the distinctive requirements
of the senior and ifltermediate officer programs. The former program
focuses on Policy and Strategy. The latter focuses on naval opera-
tions and planning. Each course covers the broad spectrum of know-
ledge and expertise required to command forces in a combat environ-
ment and to assume positions of increasing responsibilities in the
Navy, the Department of Defense, and the highest levels of government.
This core curriculum is complemented by an elective program offering
a variety of related professional courses, and a program of lectures
and readings in the naval applications of international law as
described below. Selected students may undertake advanced research
projects as an alternative to segments of the regular curriculum.
THE ELECTIVES PROGRAM
The Electives Program permits students to devote a reasonable
percentage of their total academic effort to areas of their own
choosing. Whereas the three prescribed studies emphasize a common
body of knowledge for all students, the electives allow a desirable
diversity of intellectual effort as a counterbalance. Each student
may choose from a variety of courses and thereby design an elective
program that not only complements the curriculum but is best suited
to his or her personal, academic and professional needs. All U.S.
students are required to select one 10-week elective each trimester.
The electives require about 20 percent of the student's effort and
are graded pass/fail.
INTERNATIONAL LAW PROGRAM
The program introduces legal consideration and application into
several divisions of the prescribed curriculum. The academic year
begins with a one-day series of lectures and seminars in which the
student is introduced to some of the basic areas of international
law. The concepts introduced during this day are then enforced and
expanded during,the rest of the year through the Policy and Strategy
Course, the Naval Operations Course and through several electives.
The,Policy and Strategy Course emphasizes the relationship of inter-
national law to the planning and execution of national policy and
the role of law in the world community and specific international
organizations. The Naval Operations Course concentrates on the
application of legal principles to peacetime and wartime naval
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operations. Generally, one international law: related elective,
is offered each trimester on subjects dealing with the law of
the sea, the laws of war, terrorism, the history and origins of
international law, international negotiation or human rights.
The specific areas sought to be.addressed during the year
include: territorial jurisdiction, asylum, space law, law of war,
rules of engagement, neutral rights and duties, treaty obligations,
and law of the sea.
GRADING
As an accredited academic institution, the Naval War College
awards grades in each of the three prescribed courses. The grades
are based on students' wtitten performance _in examinations, essays
and term papers, as well as oral briefs, reports and class partici-
pation. Students who participate in special academic programs such
as those sponsored by the Center for Advanced Research are graded
by the sponsoring center.
Students are graded on the following basis:
A: Work of very high quality clearly above average graduate
work.
B: Expected performance of the average graduate student.
C: Below average for graduate student.
F: Unsatisfactory.
ACCREDITATION
The Office on Educational Credit of the American Council on
Education, based on its evaluation of March 1976, recommends that
credit in appropriate graduate education programs be granted, in
accordance with the policies and regulations of the admitting
institution, for a maximum of nine graduate semester hours for the
Naval War College Course in Policy and Strategy and for a maximum
of twelve graduate semester hours for the course in Defense Economics
and Decision Making. Naval Operations courses are essentially
military courses and, as such, not candidates for accreditation.
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COLLEGE OF NAVAL WARFARE
POLICY AND STRATEGY COURSE
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this course is to acquaint officers. with the
fundamentals of foreign policy and military (including naval)
strategy. These subjects are examined from an historical as well
as contemporary perspective to demonstrate the perennial nature of
the problems facing statesmen, admirals, and generals and to ex-
plore the full range of options open to decisionmakers in the
fields of policy and strategy. Emphasis is placed on the complex-
ity and ambiguity of the decisionmaking process, now and in the
past. The end result for the student should be a broader under-
standing of that process and an enhanced capability for partic-
ipating in it.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course combines theoretical analyses, historical case
studies and examinations of the contemporary national security
environment and the utility of military, particularly naval force.
The process of relating strategic theories to practice through a
series of historical and contemporary cases is cumulative and pro-
vides the officer not only with a fund of information but, more
decisively, a sharpened quality of mind and judgement both tough
and analytical.
There are basically three elements to the course:
o The first, theory and prototype case studies, involves an
examination of the fundamentals of foreign policy and military
(including naval) strategy; of Clausewitz and modern strategic
thinking; and of the classical and modern policy-strategy proto-
types, the Peloponnesian War, the Second Punic War, and the
Napoleonic Wars.
o The second element, historical case studies, includes a
study of the wars of German unification; the naval races prior to
and after World War I; World Wars I and II; Korea; Vietnam and the
strategies of the post-World War II period.
o The third part, Contemporary Employment of Force Case
Studies, encompasses an analysis of U.S.-Soviet relations; alliance
arrangements, including NATO; the Third World; contemporary force
balances and strategic doctrines; nuclear weapons and deterrence;
conventional forces; naval force and its role in combined and
joint operations.
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Running through these studies are a number of recurring
themes, including: -
o The relation between political ends and military' means.
o The relation of military to nonmilitary instruments of
policy.
o The relations between strategic theories and practice.
o Civil-military relations.
o The influence of the domestic, international, and techno-
logical environments.
o The interdependence of sea, land, and air power.
o The role of allies.
o Constraints on the use of force.
METHODOLOGY.
The structure of the course includes:
o Three lectures a week, two by Strategy Department faculty
members and one -by a visiting lecturer. Each of these lectures is
followed by an extended post-lecture conference of an hour to an
hour and a half duration.
o Seminars. Each student attends a seminar of ten to twelve
students moderated by one civilian scholar and one military officer,
thus combining both rigorous academic and professional dimensions.
The students prepare during the term three to four papers 1500 to
3000 words each. These papers provide the focus for the seminar
discussions and are based on the 500 to 700 pages of reading which
all the students complete each week.
o Examinations and Grading. The student is evaluated for
his/her essays and seminar preparation and participation as well
as a midterm and final comprehensive examination.
DEFENSE ECONOMICS AND DECISION MAKING COURSE
OBJECTIVES
The central objective of this course is the expansion of each
officer's personal philosophy of what constitutes an integrative,
balanced military executive point of view. Specific objectives
are increased insights into:
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1. Economic-based issues and techniques.useful in the wide
selection and application of military forces.
2. Major behavioral and management control issues influencing
national security decision making, policy implementation, and
change.
3. Decision analysis frameworks for logically addressing
complex, fiscally constrained and uncertain national defense issues.
4. The structure, process, and major issues involved in se-
lecting and programming future military forces.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The Defense Economics and Decision Making course is a senior-
level, military executive development course uniquely designed for
the Naval War College. It is based on the premise that an effec-
tive senior defense executive is required to balance many disci-
plines and points of view in meeting the external and internal
demands of senior command and staff assignments. The course is
multidisciplinary in nature. It synthesizes concepts from orga-
nizational psychology, economics, analytical decision tools,
political science, and management control. The integrating themes
of the course are decision making, uncertainty, and resource allo-
cation. Areas selected for special emphasis are:
1. The domestic and international economic environment af-
fecting national security.
2. Major force planning issues and alternatives.
3. Individual and organizational influences on high level
decision making and commitment.
4. Management control strategies for large national defense
organizations.
5. A framework for analyzing unstructured force-related
problems with high uncertainty and complexity.
The course concludes with a simulation of the development of the
current military services' Program Objective Memorandum. This
exercise involves all the key decision points, conflicts, budget
constraints, and real issues faced by senior decision makers in
preparing the services' portion of the'Five Year Defense Plan.
METHODOLOGY
The course emphasizes active learning in a seminar environment.
Points of theory are studied and applied to cases or organizational
situations representing complex national security issues. Over 80
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cases are utilized, ranging from.issues dealing with major force
alternatives to complex behavioral situations. All emphasize real
problems related to long-term national security matters and offer
a unique opportunity for parallel learning. A single case can
illustrate a tool of analysis, a review of analysis, as well as
the particular issue itself (an example here might be the future
Navy force planning cases). Examples of other cases include: NATO
Force Alternatives, Navy General Purpose Forces, and Contingency
Forces.
The Defense Economics and Decision Making course is organized
into five major activities undertaken concurrently:
1. Defense Economics
2. Defense Analysis Concepts and Cases
3. Non-Quantitative Factors in Defense Decisions
4. Force Planning
5. Defense Resource Allocation Simulation
Students are evaluated on the basis of their ability to
develop unique written solutions to defense-related problems,
employing an integrative and balanced viewpoint through written
essays, case. analyses, and final examinations.
SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF NAVAL FORCES COURSE
OBJECTIVES
The Selection and Application of Naval Forces Course is a
senior officer's theater level course in naval strategy and opera-
tions. By concentrating on the principles and logic involved in
naval strategic and tactical decisions and selection of necessary
forces, the course has application to other services. The basic
aim is improved understanding of how to employ U.S. Forces in sit-
uations ranging from peacetime presence to nuclear war. Studies
cover U.S. and possible aggressor navies' capabilities and limita-
tions, missions and functions, and the significance of these
factors in operational situations. Detailed objectives are in-
creased insights into:
1. Total Force vs. capabilities of possible aggressors.
2. Strategy, Tactics and Principles of War--definitions and
relationships.
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3. International Law and Controls on the Application of Power.
4. Decision making through historical analysis and practice
in war gaming and crisis action scenarios.
5. Operational functions and tasking, and forces required.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course builds on concepts from history, strategy, science,
logic, and fleet and personal experience. A pervasive theme is
decision making: the selection of optimum forces and then the best
tactics to achieve theater objectives. The course emphasizes
active learning through historical examples, case studies and war
games.
The course is organized into four consecutive components com-
mencing with introduction and Perspective, followed by Naval Tac-
tical Considerations, Naval Planning and Gaming, then Joint Strategic
Considerations.
In addition to the unity provided by the logical order of ma-
terial studied, there is a special theme of examining U.S. and
U.S.S.R. strengths and weaknesses and near term and future naval
strategy. This provides further cohesion.
Specifically, Introduction and Perspective examines the prin-
ciples of war through case studies. Battles are reviewed to gain
an understanding of the interrelationship between tactical and
strategic objectives,: the influence of the "commander at both
strategic and tactical levels and the application of the princi-
ples of war. Broad mission areas for U.S. naval forces are
examined, comparing and contrasting them with those of the U.S.S.R.
In Naval Tactical Considerations the student learns the basics
of Naval Warfare: Weapons, Systems and Platforms. The study of
the interrelationships of these basics will augment the student's
appreciation of force capability and selection, and the importance
of sound tactics.
Naval Planning and Gaming refreshes the student briefly on
the planning process, and then applies it in both a theater-level
war games and in a series of crises. These games include critiques
so that all may share in choices and decisions at every level.
Finally, he moves to the joint arena and examines warare from the
viewpoint of senior military commanders in that portion entitled
Joint Strategic Considerations.
METHODOLOGY
Lectures, seminars, historical case studies and presentations
are all utilized as learning vehicles. Several tactical scenarios
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and games are analyzed as played--ranging from.simple probabilities
to complex theater-level operations crisis actions, and a global
confrontation. The progression is integrative both in complexity
and in number of forces. Some cases stress individual effort and
preplanning; others require a team or staff approach. Students
are evaluated on their submission of a tactical concept paper and
a final examination, as well as on their seminar preparation and
participation.
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OBJECTIVES
COLLEGE OF NAVAL COMMAND AND STAFF
POLICY AND STRATEGY COURSE
The Naval Command and Staff course and the Naval Warfare
course employ a similar format; and, in general, the emphasis in
the Command and Staff program is more heavily oriented toward the
utility of naval forces, albeit in conjunction with non-naval
forces, whereas the interdependence of forces and problems of the
national application of joint forces provide the center of gravity
for analysis in the College of Naval Warfare.
DEFENSE ECONOMICS AND DECISION MAKING COURSE
OBJECTIVES
The Defense Economics and Decision Making Command and Staff
course is a mid-level, military executive development course also
uniquely designed for the Naval War College. Major emphasis is
placed on the preparation of officers for future senior command
and staff assignments. The course is conceptually similar to that
of the senior course, in that a multidisciplinary approach is used.
However, the Command and Staff curriculum places greater emphasis
on the operating environment as well as the staff perspective.
Integrating themes of the Command and Staff course are: decision
making, uncertainty, and resource allocation. Areas selected for
special emphasis are:
1. Domestic and international economic issues central to
National Security.
2.
Behavioral influences on decision making and commitment.
3.
tions.
Management control of large national security organiza-
4.
Force Planning Concepts and Cases.
5.
A staff framework for analyzing unstructured force-related
problems with high attendant uncertainty.
The course concludes with the study of the Preparation of the
Department of Defense Budget (PPBS System) and the development of
each service's Program Objective Memorandum for the current fiscal
year. A simulation is conducted wherein the students research key
programming issues in actual documents used in the budget prepara-
tion.
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METHODOLOGY
The instructional methodology is similar to that used in the
senior course.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF NAVAL FORCES COURSE
OBJECTIVES
The Employment of Naval Forces is a development course for
naval tacticians designed for mid-level officers. By concentrating
on the principles, historical analysis and logic involved in naval
operations decisions, the course has application to other military
forces. The central objective of this course is improved under-
standing of how to optimize employment of U.S. Naval forces in
situations ranging from peacetime presence to nuclear war. To
this end we study U.S. and possible aggressor navies' capabilities
and limitations, and the significance of these factors in tactical
situations. Detailed objectives are increased insights into:
1. Strategy, Tactics and Principles of War--definitions and
relationships.
2. Operational Planning and Staff Procedures.
3.. Total Force vs. the character of possible aggressors.
4. International Law and Controls on the Application of Power.
5. Decision-making, through historical analysis and practice
in war gaming.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course is multifaceted in its approach. It builds on
concepts from history, strategy, physics, logic, and fleet and
personal experience. The pervasive theme is decision-making, both
to choose optimum tactics to achieve a strategy and to make optimum
use of assets in developing tactics. The course emphasizes active
learning through case studies and war games. It is organized into
four consecutive components commencing with the Introduction and
Perspective, followed by Naval Missions and Functions, Elements of
Tactics, and finally Naval Planning and Gaming. In Introduction
and Perspective, the student examines the application of the prin-
ciples of war to naval operations and the role of the leader in
naval warfare. This is accomplished through the examination of
two historical case studies, the Battle of Leyte Gulf and Inchon.
This segment of the course continues with an examination of the
current threat to naval forces of the United States and her allies.
The limitations of the naval commander's discretion under interna-
tional law and rules of engagement are examined through a histor-
ical example and a series of international law case studies. In
Naval Missions and Functions, the student is introduced to ways in
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which naval forces and naval power can be used in support of
national interests, in peacetime, time of rising tensions, and
wartime. The focus is on the fundamental geographic considera-
tions of modern warfare and their impact, an appreciation for the
differences between U.S. and Soviet fleet missions and functions,
and an understanding of the vital role of credible naval capabil-
ities in achieving national objectives. The spectrum of warfare
is examined, from strategic nuclear to conventional Warfare,
including strategic mobility, sea control and power projection.
This segment is followed by Elements of Tactics, which provides
the necessary foundation for tactical planning and force employ-
ment. The student will study the interrelationships of the basics
of warfare; Weapons, Systems and Platforms. 'These studies will:
1. Link the principles of naval warfare to sea control and
projection tactics.
2. Develop an understanding of current and near future plat-
forms and associated weapons systems.
3. Allow the student to analyze selected tactical situations
in order to identify the factors which most affect outcomes.
4. Identify those aspects of International Law which influ-
ence tactical decision.
The final phase of the course, Naval Planning and Gaming,
presents two distinct phases. In Naval Operational Planning the
student is introduced to an exercise in the military planning pro-
cess as used in the'Navy. Having completed a study of the plan-
ning process, the gaming phase is devoted to preparations for, and
play of, two war games, one at the task group level and the second
at the theater level.
METHODOLOGY
The basic element of formal instruction is the individual
seminar, augmented by readings, lectures and demonstrations. War
Gaming is employed for both practical learning and the evaluation
of employment concepts. Students are required to prepare a fleet-
oriented Tactical Concept Paper. There is a final examination.
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