SSSR V TSIFRAKH: BIGGER AND A LITTLE BETTER IN 1984

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 29
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 23, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 19, 1985
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
3'k GwM4'
DOC NO.
OCR CYS.
P &PD Cy
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
Centro I ton genre gnry
1q4
DIi ltI ATE F(R INI'ELLIC11
19 September 1985
SSSR V TSIFR KH: Bigger and a Little Better in 1984
? Summry
The 1984 edition of the annual Soviet statistical publication, SSSR v
Tsifrakh, (The USSR in Figures) contains more pages of data than in any year
since it became a softcover publication in 1964 and 28 pages more than in
1983. Nbst of the new material, as usual, serves political purposes or
duplicates material already released in the press, technical journals, or
other statistical publications, but the 1984 edition is nonetheless one of the
most informative Tsifrakhs to date. This year's new data highlight the tools
Gorachev hopes to use to get the economy moving--management reform, increased
productivity, and land improvement. Nbre measures of production efficiency
are included--labor savings, reductions in material costs, and significance of
labor productivity growth for the economy and its sectors. Data on labor
brigades for the first time focus on payment arrangements for brigade
members. Greater detail than usual in this handbook is given on agricultural
output and returns on reclaimed land. Although these tools predate
Gorbachev's emergence as leader, the new Tsifrakh emphasis on then is
consistent with his spirit of looking somewhat more carefully at the
efficiency of economic pe rformance, even though the book's intent is to show
progress on all fronts. 25X1
The most useful new inclusions of the 1984 Tsifrakh (T84) are:
-- measures of the economic significance of growth in labor productivity;
-- statistics on use of collective contracts and different types of
brigade payment arrangements;
-- production data for two new types of TVs--portable TVs and TVs with
integrated circuits;
-- data on the value and extent of student participation in the national
economy;
Thi 'typescript was prepared byl Office of Soviet
Analysis. Any questions should be directed to t e ief, Defense and Economic
Assessments Division 25X1
SOV M 85-10174
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
25X1
-- measures of reduction in the material costs of production and the
economic significance of this decrease;
-- constant price values for investment in "improved" land and for output
on such land;
-- 1984 indexes for components of agricultural production not usually..
released until fall publication of the Narodnoye khozyaystvo (crop and
livestock production plus production by the socialized and private
sectors);
-- a new definition of collective farmers, excluding part-time workers;
-- early disclosure of the average monthly wage of collective farmers in
1984;
-- new values in 1982 construction estimate prices for investment,
cannissionings, and construction; and
-- early publication of 1984 values for productive and nonproductive
investment.
These additions contrast with a few minor deletions and one major omission of
T84, production statistics for all rail transport equipment and for buses.
The numbers were dropped from monthly industrial roduction statistics in mid-
1984 probably to conceal mediocre performance. 25X1
Analyzing the contents of T84 and other statistical handbooks supports
Soviet leaders' statements that in 1984 the main priority was on intensifying
production efficiency. There has been a slight shift toward reporting more
cost and financial data that measure the efficiency of production and a slight
cutback in redundant data. On the whole T84 yields a small dividend to the
analyst of Soviet economic affairs. Despite large wriounts of propaganda
material, T84 has more quantitative information about performance in 1984 than
is usually given--particularly about efficiency of production, agricultural
nform tinn enhances
performance, and investment. At the margin the new i
ability
ca
p
Western assessment of current soviet economic
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
Introduction
An expansion in the size of the latest edition of the USSR's annual mini-
statistical handbook raises questions about what economic data have been
added, how useful they are, and why so many additions were made. Analysis of
the new additions suggests they focus on areas where Gorbachev has called for
improvements--extension of management reforms already underway that extend
enterprise rights, an all-front campaign to raise labor productivity through
incentives and training and reorganization; land reclamation, and reduction in
material production costs through conservation and improved machinery and
technology.
This memorandum reviews this year's Tsifrakh (T84), to identify what is
new canpared with the contents of last year's Tsifrakh and Narodnoye
khozyaystvo (N83), the most recent in the long line of the Central Statistical
Administration's annual statistical handbooks. It will also assess the
analytic usefulness of sane of the new material.
Magnitude of Ganges
T84 is 12 percent larger than last year's edition and contains 28 more
pages of data. It is the largest edition since the statistical handbook
became a paperback in 1964. The additional pages contain 25 new tables, 9 of
which are tables that are not normally available at mid-year in Tsifrakh, but
would likely be published in Narodnoye khozyaystvo near the end of the year.
The remainder have not traditionally been available in either handbook. Nbst
of the updated versions of tables in N83 contain new data for 1984, and sane
contain minor revisions of 1983 numbers. New material also includes data for
four new'pioduction series that are listed in standard Tsifrakh tables plus
numerous and lengthy new footnotes detailing current Soviet economic programs
and priorities.
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved-for. Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
on the negative side, two tables have been completely deleted--a table
about the virgin lands program and a table on secondary vocational technical
schools. Data series were dropped fran five other tables. The anitted data
include production statistics for rail transport equipment and buses, data..
about secondary vocational technical schools, and annual growth rates for
industrial branches--a repeat of information usually found in annual plan
fulfillment reports. Although the anission of production statistics is always
Many of the additions in T84 reflect Soviet concern with the
"intensification" of production. Same of the new data reflect and fill a need
for measuring progress in intensification. Other data and footnotes call
attention to econanic techniques and programs the Soviet leadership hopes
a major loss, more was added than was taken away in T84.
The Additions
One measure of intensification, labor productivity, accounts for much new
material in T84. This focus on labor accords well with Marx's labor theory of
will contribute to greater intensification.
value, and labor productivity is a cannonly used measure of production
efficiency in many countries. Labor is also the factor that cannot, at this
In a table measuring the growth of labor productivity in the 11th Five-
Year Plan, first given in T83, considerable attention was given to the
significance of raising productivity by one percentage point. The
significance was measured for overall productivity and for productivity in
specifio"siectors in both physical and value terms. This year another measure
of the significance has been added. Significance is measured directly in
manpower savings--about 1 million workers for each one-percent annual growth
time, be significantly increased in the USSR.
Impact of Growth in Labor Productivity
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
in social labor productivity. By grouping data into two year periods, 1981-82
and 1983-84, a continuing improvement during the latter period is implied,
although a carparison with last years'data show that 1984 productivity growth
slipped overall, primarily because of a 30-percent drop in productivity growth
in rail transport.
Another new table measures the share of output growth attributable to
increases in the productivity of labor--yet another way to estimate the
significance of inproved productivity. This measure has frequently been cited
in plan fulfillment reports but never included in statistical handbooks. The
table focuses attention on the record since 1976 and shows changes in the
relative growth rates of output and labor productivity. In this table too,
growth in productivity is equated to savings in labor. Average annual growth
of just over 3 percent in labor productivity over 4 years equals a savings of
more than 12 million persons.
Use of Brigades
Another part of the new materials in T84 gives additional details and
tables about the use of brigades, a form of labor organization that the
Soviets hope will increase labor productivity and efficiency. Although the
new data do not suggest that brigades can yet claim much success in raising
labor productivity, they do help size the extent to which brigades are in use
as well as variations in brigade operations.
Mich attention has been paid to the details of payment arrangements for
brigades and their marbers. New statistics show that in industry the share of
brigades whose members are paid according to their coefficient of labor
participate on (K'IU) is a rapidly growing part of all brigades. The share of
all brigades working in industry who operate on khozraschet has also grown,
fran seven to 15 percent within the sane period. For certain types of
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9 -.1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
In agriculture a new footnote sizes the share of state farm and
collective farm workers on collective contracts--an incentive innovation the
Soviets hope will improve productivity. Such contracts covered 12 percent of
all workers in crop production and five percent in livestock in 1983--not yet
1983 was just under 65 percent.
brigades, data are also given about the number of workers paid according to
final results and those paid according to their K'IV--not mutually exclusive
arrangements. The share of all industrial production workers in brigades by
Other new material on brigades addresses their use in specific sectors.
In a table on brigades in construction, first published in T83, new data gives
the share of construction-installation work carried out by khozraschet
brigades--roughly 49 percent or 38 billion rubles in comparable prices. A new
table is also included on the use of brigades in autombile transport, a
sector with poor recent performance. These data show about one-fifth of all
from the farrns.
enough to affect agricultural productivity and permit the release of labor
.
drivers are in sane kind of brigade.
discipline campaign and its emphasis on maximum on-the-job effort.
Consumption Improvements Cited
Labor Competitions
one final aspect of the Soviet focus on labor productivity is reflected
in a new table on worker participation in labor competitions. The data also
show the number of workers achieving the title of "shock" worker. The table
calls attention to another Soviet tactic for increasing productivity--the
Othersnew data in T84 reflect the leadership's often expressed concern
about improving availability of.consumer goods and services as an incentive
for labor productivity. Coverage of the production of consumer services has
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
been expanded by the addition of two new services--car repair and hire
transport--now representing about 10 percent of the total value of such
services. Production data for two high-quality types of TVs--a popular
consumer durable--are given for the first time: portable TVs and TVs with..
integrated circuits. Nbreover new 1984 data in the standard table on use of
national inane shows that the share used for consumption grew by nearly 4
percent in 1984 while national incane itself increased by only 2.5 percent.
The rise in consumption was apparently made possible by a more than a 1.5
percent drop in the part of national incane used for accumulation and other
expenditures.
Student Participation in Production
Greater labor productivity also depends on the education of the labor
force. The educational reform of 1984 is described in T84 in irore than one
place through new pages of footnotes. A new table shows that about 750,000
students participated in production in 1984 (Hare than half of than worked in
construction) and produced more than 1.1 billion rubles of construction
work.
Changes associated with the new educational reform also are probably
responsible for much of the data dropped from T84. Nbst of the deleted items,
other than production of transport equipment, were references to secondary
vocational technical schools--their number and enrollment. These data have
not been dropped because the role of these schools is declining; in fact under
the reform as many as 60 percent of all secondary students will attend then--
despite parental fears that such attendance might limit future educational
options fo~"those students. The data may have been anitted because of such
fears and sane uncertainty about the schools' immediate role.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
Management Reforms Flagged
New descriptive material is also added calling attention to two
experiments intended to increase output and production efficiency. A long new
footnote sumrnrizes the extent in 1985 of the industrial management experiment
that has been a cornerstone of recent Soviet intensification plans. Another
footnote highlights the econanic experiment to raise the financial
independence of the producers of consumer services. The importance Gorbachev
attaches to these experiments has been emphasized by their extension to entire
industries: to all machinery ministries as well as to the ministries of light
industry, food, meat and dairy, fish, local industry, and consumer services as
of 1986 and to all other industries on January 1, 1987.
Reducing Material Costs
Another new table measures change in efficiency of production fran a
different perspective. This table sets forth the Soviet record for 1980-84 in
lowering the material costs of gross social product and the metal and energy
intensity of national income produced. Again change is expressed in both
value and physical'terms. The saving of inputs between 1980 and 1984 is
valued at 12 billion rubles, and the significance of lowering material costs
by only 1 kopeck per ruble of gross social product is measured to contribute
an additional 13 billion rubles to national income. Savings of fuel, energy,
and ferrous metals are interpreted as a percentage of the increase in their
production in the given period. Savings are also measured in physical units
of several kinds of inputs. In addition, a 1985 target is set in which
planned reductions in material expenditures are expressed in working days and
rubles--4 working days or 3 billion rubles.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
New Statistics on Agriculture
Mich of the new material in the agriculture section also focuses on
production intensification. Sane of it reflects the October 1984 plenum's
concern with raising output stability and productivity in agriculture through
land improvement, sane shows concern with evaluating the performance of the
agroindustrial sector, and some gives additional information about the
agricultural labor force.
Four new tables present data measuring the cost, carmissioning, and use
of reclaimed land and the value of output derived fran it. A new footnote
sums up the conclusions of the 1984 plenum on the long-term land improvement
program. The tables are of interest as a way to validate Soviet press
canplaints about poor returns on improved land. New data imply that, for the
current Five Year Plan, investment per hectare of carmissioned improved land
is roughly six times the value of the hectare output on this land when both
are valued in constant 1973 prices. In addition, data indicate that the value
of output per hectare on improved land is more than double that on unimproved
land and in bad crop years may be over three times higher. Improved land
produces a large share of sane high-priced crops such as fruit and
vegetables.
T84 also has more data than usual for this handbook on the caTponents of
agricultural growth. Two tables give the growth rates for the crop and
livestock sectors and for the socialized and private sectors. These details
have previously not been available until fall publication of the Narkhoz. A
new footnote to the table on collective fauns explains the large rise in gross
collectiaesfarm income in 1983 and 1984 as the result of increases in
procurement prices, extra payments to unprofitable farms, and higher quality
of output being procured.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9--->.-~--.~
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
Data on the agroindustrial complex, usually included in Tsifrakh, are now
concentrated in the agriculture section--completing a transfer begun in N83.
Values for investment in the agroindustrial complex and in agriculture alone
are now in a footnote in this section. A table showing the growth of
industrial output by the major divisions of the agroindustrial complex--
suppliers of industrial inputs and processors of agricultural output--has been
moved here from the industry section. A standard Narkhoz table about
agroindustry is given early publication by inclusion in T84. This table gives
the value of output, fixed productive capital, and numbers of workers in the
agroindustrial complex.
T84 contains two new pieces of information about the agricultural labor
force. The collective farm table gives the average monthly wage for
collective farmers, a detail usually not available until the fall Narkhoz. In
1984 average monthly wages grew by 2.8 percent for collective farmers, 3.9
percent for sovkhoz workers, and 2.6 percent for industrial workers. This is
the lowest growth of collective farm monthly wages in the current Five-Year
Plan. The other unusual data are given in a new table in the section on farm
labor. This table gives the number of collective farmers excludin students
and part-time workers--a new definition of collective farmers that, in
conjunction with other numbers given for other definitions of collective farmers,
helps in isolating the number of "hired workers" in agriculture.
New Oonstruction Prices
New construction prices went into effect on 1 January 1984 and are
reflected for the first time in the data of T84 on values in constant prices
of-inves4 nt, cannissionings, and construction. This is the first source to
provide a broad measure over time of the effect of the new prices. Generally
speaking, the new values for investment and carmissionings in 1983, the nest
-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
recent year with values in both old and new prices, show an overall price
increase of about 12.5 percent for investment, 12.6 percent for total
caTmissionings, and 12.8 percent for state cannissionings. For investment in
agriculture, values for total investment were up by 12.3 percent, state
investment by 12.4 percent, and kolkhoz investment by 12.1 percent. The
average price changes for total investment in productive and nonproductive
projects in the same year--1983--are 11.3 and 15.8 percent respectively. The
value of construction financed by state capital investment rises by 12.6
percent in capital investment and by 12.7 percent for caimissionings.
For calculating the effect of new prices on construction-installation
work, the most recent year with data in both price bases is 1980. In 1980,
the implied rise in prices for total construction-installation work is 20.3
percent. This ratio reflects a 20.4-percent rise in the value of state
contract work--88 percent of the total--and a 19.8-percent increase in such
work carried out by the enterprises' own means. The value of contract work
plus capital repair rises by 17.8 percent. The volume of camrodity
construction output by state contract organizations is available in both price
bases for 1983. Total value rises by 17.8 percent, while the value of work
turned over to customers increases by 20.3 percent. The new construction prices
also are reflected in a 10-percent decline in the number of workers per million
rubles of construction-installation work when calculated for 1983.
Two unusual price figures are given in footnotes in the capital
construction section--the values in 1984 for total canmissionings and total
commercial. construction in "annual plan prices." Apparently, the 1984 plan
was fornitlaated in prices somewhere between the old and new ones.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
Productive and Nonproductive Investment
Another new table in T84 gives a breakdown of total investment between
investment in productive and nonproductive projects. Although this
information through 1983 is available in N83 and economic yearbooks for CDR,
such data for 1984 would normally not have been published for another several
months. This is useful analytic data that allows sane assessment of the
leadership's consumer orientation. The new data show that in 1984 even with
low investment growth of 1.5 percent, nonproductive investment--investment in
housing, education, health, culture, and other everyday services--grew faster
than productive investment, by 2 percent canpared with 1.4 percent. This
continues the pattern of recent years.
CM Highlighted
Material on international canparisons has also been expanded in T84. This
year Tsifrakh includes two tables, first appearing in N83, focusing on CEKk-
EB carparisons. The inclusion of the new tables reflects recent efforts to
improve CEM ties to help speed Soviet technological and economic progress.
The addition of growth in rail freight traffic to a table ccnparing growth of
the USSR and the United States probably was made because it showed Soviet
railroads in a favorable light in a year when other data indicated that rail
performance was not great.
Other New Material
Other new tables mark current happenings at have and abroad. In both N83
and T84 two new tables give the number of deputies in the various levels of
elected government and the occupational canposition of the delegates to the
Supreme tciv et. These are probably included to draw attention to elected
government bodies because of the mach publicized 1984 national elections.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
A new table on the occupational and educational status of women in the
USSR may have been included to show concern about the position of women
because in mid-1985, about the time of T84's publication, an international
conference marked the end of the UN-sponsored Decade for Warren.
Mid-1985 is also the fortieth anniversary of the ending of WWII in
Europe, and two new tables plus a lengthy footnote describe and quantify
Soviet losses in that war. Another table, indexed to 1945, shows Soviet
postwar econanic development, and implicitly shows the Soviet people's ability
to sustain and overcame hardship--a popular propaganda line at have and
abroad.
25X1
,.- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
The SSSR V TSIFRAKR for 1984: Information Unavailable in Either T83 or N83
New Tables
Page Section, Title, Description
Territory and Population
Warren in the USSR. Forty percent of all scientific workers
are warren although they are a majority of those with higher and
secondary specialized education and of teachers and doctors,
professions requiring considerable education. Warren constitute
about 45 percent of collective farm workers.
Simnar
7 Increase of Output and Work Received Through Raising the
Productivity of Labor. The economic significance of growth in
labor productivity is translated into worksaving. The average
annual growth rate of 3.1 percent in social labor productivity
for 1981-84 (implied in the preceding table) equals a saving of
the work of 12 million persons. Data are given for four
items: national inane produced, industrial production, volume
of rail transportation, and volume of construction-installation
work during 1976-84. This type of data has been given in plan
fulfillment reports but not in statistical handbooks.
25 '?s Lowering of Material Expenditures. This table underscores
Gorbachev's stress on resource conservation rather than
production growth. The issue was first addressed statistically
r>t+- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
in N83, p. 52, but the new Tsifrakh table gives more aggregate
measures and at least some financial data. However the new
table undoubtedly also exaggerates Soviet success in calling
material expenditures. Data, indexed to 1980, are given for
1981-84 for the material intensity of gross social product
(excluding depreciation), the metal intensity of national inane
produced, and the energy intensity of national inane produced.
A lengthy footnote gives the significance of this decrease in
1980-84: 12 billion rubles of raw and intermediate materials,
fuel, energy and other tools of labor. The lowering of material
expenditures by 1 kopeck per ruble of social product yields an
additional 13 billion rubles of national intone. For the four
years of the 11th FYP the saving of fuel and energy reportedly
equalled half the growth of their production, for rolled ferrous'
metals it exceeded its total output growth. However, the
savings are poor indicators of true conservation because they
compare surveys of primary and secondary energy (a double count)
to production of primary energy and probably make quite slow
progress in material conservation. Lowering consumption norms
also saved fuel, electric and thermal power, and rolled ferrous
metal. Also footnoted is the worker pledge to work 2 days in
1985 on saved resources, a 3-billion ruble contribution to the
economy if achieved.
32 Basic Indices of the Economic and Social Development of the
f?s USSR for the period 1945-84. T84 Gives indices based on 1945,
with comparison data for 1950 and later benchmark years for 20
indices. No indices on profit or wage data are included. A
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
second part gives physical and ruble values for 45 indicators
for several years. Although recent data are available elsewhere
in the book, data as early as 1945 and 1950 are rare. A
footnote also gives planned 1985 values for 8 major indices.
40 Losses Inflicted on the Economy of the USSR and Its Citizens
During WWII. In 1941 prices.
40 Losses Inflicted on the Economy of the USSR and Its Citizens
During WWII by Individual Uniion Republic. Heaviest in the
IiSFSR and Ukraine. Long footnote with details.
Agriculture
135 Capital Investment in Measures for Improvement and Bringing
into Production Land In roved by State and Kolkhoz Funds. Gives
"comparable price" value for total and average annual state and
kolkhoz investment in this part of the economy by FYP beginning'
with 1966-70.
25X1
135 Cormnissioning of Irrigated and Drained Land and Carrying Out
of Other Soil-I_nprovement Work Through State and Kolkhoz
Funds. Although the table is new, two of the three data series
are available elsewhere (T84, p. 166 and N83, p. 350.) Carrying
out of soil-inprovenent work is new. It averaged 1.4 million
hectares per year in the 11th FYP, compared with 0.7 million
each for irrigated and drained land.
137 Gross Crop Output on Irrigated and Drained Lands in
Kolkhozes, Sovkhozes, Inter-Farm, and Other Productive
f .i
Agricultural Enterprises. Gives "comparable price" ruble value
of gross crop output on both irrigated and drained land in terms
of the annual average for each Five-Year Plan, beginning in 1966
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
25X1
and annual figures for 1970, 75, 80-84. The table included the
share of this output in gross crop output. In N83, only
physical output for same crops are available to estimate output
on such lands. A footnote mentions that the October 1984 Long-
term Land Improvement Program to the year 2000 is the chief
method for raising the stability of agricultural production.
The table also notes that "improved" land now produces all USSR
cotton and rice, 75 percent of all vegetables, about 50 percent
of all fruit and grapes, and about 40 percent of corn. The table
along with others expands a footnote of T83, p. 126-127.
150 Production of the Nbst Important Types of Products of the
Food Industry. (No new information, repeats part of table on
T84, p. 120. Similar in format to N83, p. 203.)
labor
179 Average Annual Number of Workers and H'mployees in the
National Economy and Kolkhoz Workers on the Socialized Sector of
Kolkhozes. Gives new data on the number of kolkhoz workers.
This table defines kolkhoz workers as workers engaged in the
socialized sector of kolkhozes, excluding students and workers
who work during time free from their main occupation at state
enterprises or organizations. The number is smaller than the
number of kolkhoz workers given in N83, p. 305.
184 Participation of Workers in the Socialist Competition and
the Nbvement for a Carmunist Relationship to Labor. Gives the
''?~ number of workers in socialist competitions, the number in the
movement to a caimunist labor relationship, plus a subgroup of
the latter--workers winning the title "shock" worker, 50 percent
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
25X1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
of the participants.
185 Number of Brigades in Industry. Expansion of T83, p. 164.
Includes new data on the form of payment to brigade marbers.
New items: brigades on khozraschet, brigades with payment
according to a single work order (normed task), and a subgroup
of the latter--single-work-order brigades in which extra
earnings and. bonuses are distributed taking into account the
coefficient of labor participation.
188 Number of Brigades, Groups, Sections and Workers in
Sovkhozes and Number of Kolkhozniks Working on Collective
(Brigade) Contract. Also an expansion of T83, p. 164. Includes
the same categories of new data that are in the preceding table
with one additional subgroup--brigades paid on the basis of
final results.
189 Number of Brigades and Number of Workers Under Brigade
Contract in Common Use Automobile Transport. Show the number of
brigades of drivers of freight, then the number and percent of
those on brigade contract. Also shows the total number of
drivers in brigades and the number and percent of than on brigade
contract. In both cases the percentage is about 20.
191 Labor Participation by Students in Labor Detachments from
Higher or Secondary Specialized Schools in the National Econaw
in 1984. Gives the number of detachments in construction and
construction detachments was 1,116.2 million rubles.
nonconstruction as well as the average size of these
detachments. In 1984 the estimate value of the work done by the
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
Old Tables, New Items
industry
112 Output of Basic Industrial Products in Physical Terms.
Additional items: portable televisions and televisions with
integrated circuits.
Agriculture
142 Basic Indicators of Collective Farm Development (Less
Fishing Cooperatives). Additional item: average monthly
wage.
Labor
Number of Brigades and Number of Workers Covered by Brigade
Contracts in Construction Organizations. Additional item: the
share of work by construction organizations performed by
khozraschet brigades. The share is 48.8 percent in 1984,
roughly equal to 38 billion rubles. This share has gram at an
average annual rate of 7 percent in the 11th Five Year Plan.
Services
238 Volume of Services to the Population by Type. Additional
item: repair and technical servicing of means of transport,
transport services. Together these services in 1984 represent
about 10 percentlof total services, up from 5 percent in 1975.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
Old Tables, New Footnotes
wry
51 National Wealth of the USSR. The table gives the value of
national wealth exclusive of land, mineral and forest value. It
itemizes only capital stock. A new footnote reports that the
value of increment in wealth per year rises from 111 billion
rubles in 1966-75 to 143 billion rubles in 1975-82 (a
deceleration of growth from 8 to 6 percent per year on an
average annual basis).
Science and Technological Progress
86 Number of Scientific Workers. New footnote stresses that
the chief factor in further progress of the econany is
acceleration of scientific technical progress. It enumerates
achievements in atomic energy, genetics, space technology,
lasers, and ninny other fields.
94 Growth Rate of Power and Electric Power Supply Per Worker in
Industry. Gives data that 11.8 thousand numerically controlled
machine tools were introduced in 1984, this number is 1.4
thousands units less than the number produced, given on T84, p.
115. Also the footnote gives a list of advanced machinery and
processes being put into use.
Industry
Total Volume of Industrial Output. An expanded footnote
summarizes the economic experiment in expanding enterprise
%.i rights in planning and operations and their responsibility for
results.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
Agriculture
Basic Indicators of Collective Farm Development. A new
footnote attributes the increase in the gross incase of
collective farms in 1983 and later to the 1&y 1982 Plenun
decision to raise procurement prices and to raise prices for low
profit farms and for better quality output.
Capital Construction
162 Main Productive Capacity Cannissioned by New Construction
and the Expanding and Reconstruction of Existing Enterprises.
New addition to old footnote mentions ahead-of-schedule
completion of the Urengoi-Center-1 pipeline and the opening for
working movement of trains on the entire Baikal-Amur railroad.
170 Capital Investment in the Whole Complex of Agriculture.
This footnote is expanded to include investment in the
agroindustrial canplex and agriculture alone. In 1984,
investment in the complex was 55 billion rubles; in agriculture
it was 45 billion rubles. Similar to a footnote on N83 p.
362.
Growth of the IVkterial Welfare of the Soviet People
201 Average Wages and Salaries of Workers and Bmployees With
Allowances and Benefits Received from Social Consumption
Funds. New footnote doubles the size of the T83 footnote.
Itemizes the most important measures for welfare and salaries by
year in 1981-85.
_~~ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 A I
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
Services
236 Basic Indices of Services to the Population. New footnote
about the experiment by same of the ministries of consumer
services to increase the financial independence of service
producers and raise their incentives to satisfy customers.
Education and Culture
243 Number of People Having Received Secondary (general and
specialized) Education During the Years of Soviet Power. An
added page of footnote gives budget expenditures for the reform
(11 billion rubles, probably not per year but total), of which
3.5 billion rubles per year represent salary increases. (capital
investment in construction of adult educational facilities in
1986-90 will be 200 million rubles. The footnote also gives
goals for commissionings of educational facilities and
enrollments in pedagogical institutes for 1986-90.
'fables new in Tskifrakh 84, But Available in N83
Territory and Population
15 Number of Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,
Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics, and Local
Soviets of Peoples Deputies.
Identical to N83, p. 34.
16 Occupational Carposition of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR. Nbre than,75 percent are workers, kolkhozniks or party
and government officials; 22 percent are under 30 years of
age. N83, p. 35.
f " Summary
62 Growth Rates of Basic Indices of the Economic Development of
the O untries of CDR and the E. Oarpares four indices
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
(1950=100): national income produced, social labor
productivity, industrial production, and agricultural
production. N83, p. 78.
66 CQrparison of Output of the Most Important Types of
Industrial Products of the Countries of CEMA and the EEC. A 15-
product sample. For six products the comparison in 1984 is less
favorable than in 1983, for another six products a 1984
canparison is not yet available, for only three products--gas,
steel and cement--did the Soviet position improve in 1984. N83,
p. 77.
Agriculture
126 Growth Rates of the Average Annual Gross Value of
Agricultural Output (1961-65=100). Index of constant price
gross value of agricultural output on p.122 plus indexed series
of its carponents--crops and livestock output. Footnote gives
growth canpared with 1976-80 average. T83, p. 211.
126 Growth Rates of Average Annual Gross Agricultural Output by
Category of Farm. Repeats index of constant price average
annual gross agricultural output. Types of farms are private
plots and "all others," i.e., sovkhoz, kohkhoz, and interfarm
and other productive agricultural enterprises. T83, p. 211;
Availability and Use of Irrigated and Drained Arable Land in
Kolkhozes, Sovhozes, Inter-Farm, and Other Productive
Agricultural Enterprises. Data for 1983 can be found for the
four items: availability of irrigated and drained land plus use
of irrigated and drained land. N83, p. 253 and N83, p. 256. A
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 i
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
149 output, Fixed Productive Capital, and Nurber of Persons
Working in the Agroindustrial Carplex. Revises value of output
figures downward and slightly increases employment numbers and
the values of productive fixed capital given in N83, p. 196.
Suggests redefinition of agro-industrial complex and new prices.
T84 table states that value of output is in "camparable prices,"
which is not explicitly stated in the N83 table.
Capital construction
172 Capital Investment by Productive and Nonproductive Projects I
All data have been revalued in new construction prices. New
prices in 1983 are about 12.5 percent above the old level. In
new prices the average annual growth rate 1976-80 and 1980-83 is
about 0.1 percent lower than in old prices. Productive
investment grew 1.4 percent and nonproductive investment 2
.
percent in 1984. N83, p. 357.
Deletions
full series for 1970, 75, 80-84 is not elsewhere available.
Items Deleted, Tables Retained
Summary
3) Basic Indices of the Economic and Social Development of the
17(T8
USSR in 198 (Incorporated in Table T84, p. 20). Dropped items
giving annual growth
of output
by industry.
27(T84) -
Basic Indices of
Economic
and Social Development of
the USSR
in 1975-84. Onits data for students at secondary professional
technical schools.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
70(T84) Production of Basic Industrial Products in Sane Countries
for 1984. Dropped item on locative production in keeping with
100(T84) Output of Basic Industrial Products in Physical Terms.
Onits data for: diesel locamtives, electric locamotives,
mid-1984 exclusion of this item fram rmnthly statistics.
Industry
247(T84) Number of Students in the Union Republics at the Beginni
of the 1984-84 School Year. Dropped data on pupils at secondary
railway freight cars, rail passenger carriages, buses.
Education and Culture
Tables Deleted
vocational technical schools.
Agriculture
114(T83) Ploughing Virgin and Long Fallow Land in Main Regions of
Virgin Land Development. Old program, old data: total areas
ploughed by region, 1954-60.
.
Education and Culture
218(T83) Secondary Professional Vocational Schools of All
Departments. Gave the number and enrollment of secondary
vocational technical schools.
25X1
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
SUBJECT: SSSR V TSIFRAKH: Bigger and a Little Better
in 1984
Distribution:
SA/DCI
DCI/OLL
DD/SOVA
C/Product Evaluation Staff
7G15 Hqs.
C/Collection Requirements and Evaluation Staff
3E63 Hqs.
D/CPAS
rff
nC i~o1
7G15 Hqs.
7G15 Hqs.
1
C/SOYA/NI - I spp
4E51 Hqs.
5E66 Hqs.
C/SOVA/NIG/EPD
C/SOVA/NIG/DPD
4E65 Hqs.
C/SOYA/RIG 2 OCIlk
5E25 Hqs.
C/SOYA/SIG
C/SOYA/DEIG
4E13 Hqs.
4E46 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DEA
5E56 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DID
4E31 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DEA/DE
5E56 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DEA/CA
5E46 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DEA/SA
5E46 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DID/SP
4E31 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DID/IP
4E31 Hqs.
C/SOVA/DEIG/DID/DN
4E38 Hqs.
C/SOVA/NIG/EPD/FT
5E66 Hqs.
C/SOVA/NIG/EPD/IA
5E66 Hqs.
C/SOVA/NIG/EPD/RN
5E66 Hqs.
C/SOVA/NIG/EPD/EP
5E66 Hqs.
C/SOVA/ES/CIB
4E66 Hqs.
DD/OGI
C/SRD/OGI
D/EURA
C/EURA/EE
C/EURA/EE/QAG
3G00 Hqs.
3G46 Hqs.
6G42 Hqs.
6G41 Hqs.
6G31 Hqs.
DDI Registry
OCR/ISG
NI0/USSR.
NIO/ECON
D/OSWR
D/NESA
7E47 Hqs.
1H19 Hqs.
7E47 Hqs.
7E47 Hqs.
5F46 Hqs.
6G02 Hqs.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85TO1058R000507960001-9
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
25X1
D/OIA
D/OEA
D/ALA
3N 109 BG213
4F 18 Hqs .
3F45 Hqs.
Keith Severin
FPED,FAS,USDA 6042 South Building
Katherine Zeimetz
EE and USSR/IED/ERS/USDA
1301 New York Avenue N.W.
Room 832
Washington, D.C. 20005 4788
Roger Pajak
Office of Intelligence Support
Room 4324
Department of the Treasury
Dario .$cuka
J Madi Bldg.
Libr y o Congress
Senio let Specialist
Congre nal Research Service
Libr y o ongress,
Mr. John Danylyk
Chief, Communist Economic Relations Division
Office of Economic Analysis
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Department of State Room 8662
Mr. Barry Kostinsky Chief, USSR Input-Output Branch
Center for International Research
Bureau of Census
Department of Commerce (Room 707, Scuderi Bldg.)
Mr. Jack Brougher
Acting Chief, Soviet Affairs Division
Office of East Europe and Soviet Affairs
Department*of Commerce (3415 Main Commerce)
Mr. Donald B. Kursch
Deputy Director for Economics,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9 III
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9
25X1
Office of Soviet Union Affairs
Department of State (Room 4223)
Ms. Martha C. Mautner
Deputy Director, Office of Analysis for the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe
Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Department of State (Room 4758)
David Epstein
OSD/NA Room 3A930
The Pentagon
Mr. Robert Obers
Economic Counselor
US Embassy
Moscow
DIA -DB=4E
DIAC
Bolling, AFB
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2009/11/23: CIA-RDP85T01058R000507960001-9